CN109661998A - A kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla - Google Patents
A kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla Download PDFInfo
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- CN109661998A CN109661998A CN201811573026.XA CN201811573026A CN109661998A CN 109661998 A CN109661998 A CN 109661998A CN 201811573026 A CN201811573026 A CN 201811573026A CN 109661998 A CN109661998 A CN 109661998A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- paris polyphylla
- magnoliae officinalis
- cortex magnoliae
- seedling
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla, include the following steps, with selecting the plantation block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita, smooth, breeding seed and rhizome then to the block of selection are carried out, the top dressing and management in later period, prevention and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, are finally harvested, the Paris polyphylla good drug efficacy planted using method provided by the invention, product quality is high, and growth cycle is short.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivating and growing fields of medicinal material, and in particular to a kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla.
Background technique
Paris polyphylla also known as paris polyphylla, paris polyphylla, careless river vehicle etc., are Liliaceae Paris (Paris) herbaceos perennial,
It is distributed on China Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other places, generally
It is grown under 700~3000 meters of wet spinneies of shade of height above sea level.With clearing heat and detoxicating, swelling and pain relieving, the effect of cool liver arresting convulsion；For malignant boil
Sore carbuncle is swollen, abscess of throat, venomous snake bite, the pain of injury caused by falling and tumbling, convulsion.Discovered in recent years Paris polyphylla have preferable antibacterial, it is anti-inflammatory,
Anti-gastric-ulcer, anticancer, analgesia and it is relieving cough and asthma the effects of, therefore its rhizomes has become the main of a variety of Chinese patent drugs and new drug
Raw material.
Paris polyphylla is widely distributed in China, is more with southwestern area, each province.But Paris polyphylla growth and breeding is slow under natural conditions: kind
Son germination will just germinate by embryo after-ripening, the athermobiosis twice of plumular axis after-ripening, 3 years, there was only 1 in Seedling Stage 4~5 years
Leaf just started reproductive growth after 7~8 years.Therefore, the every year increment of Paris polyphylla is very small, however demand is but very big.This makes open country
Raw Paris polyphylla is fewer and fewer, and resource faces increasingly exhausted threat, therefore, selects suitable effective cultural method particularly important.
Cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla ignorance in the past to block selects and finishing operations, chooses at random milpa, in seedling cultivation and
The plantation later period causes agriculture residual exceeded, drug effect is low, and effect is very poor, Er Qieyu crop protection using conventional method using pesticide
Seedling it is backward in technique, seedling fostering method fall behind, cause the production cycle too long, seriously affect cultivation benefit.And related Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis woods
Lower cultivation Paris polyphylla, correlative study that so far there are no report.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla, the production cycle of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita Paris polyphylla before solving
Problem that is long, having pesticide residue, drug effect difference, further increases the effective component and yield of Paris polyphylla.
A kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla of the invention includes the following steps:
(1) with selecting the plantation block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita
Select height above sea level for the content of organic matter >=40g/kg of 700-1600m to the block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis underwood planting Paris polyphylla, especially >=
The deep Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis woods forest land of 50g/kg, soil layer；
It is preferred that the rich humus-containing soil of soil block, has good drainage, the hillside fields gradient 15~30%, tailo, Schattenseite
Middle closing rate is respectively 85-90%, 70-75%, and preferably soil water-containing keeps 50-55%；
(2) smooth plantation block
Behind the plantation block ground for selecting Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita, shrub, rich liana, weeds and the stone of hayashishita are removed, is thoroughly excavated miscellaneous
Grass before planting carries out disinfection to soil using limewash or Tuzet, then in ground uniform of application, after soil excavation turns over rake
Bedding flattens again, and gutter is excavated at four sides.
(3) seminal propagation
After the shell for extracing Paris polyphylla seed, seed is removed, is fitted into ventilative mesh bag, is then placed in equipped with sand or soil
Urge in seedling frame, room temperature remains 18-22 DEG C, and keeping the humidity of sand or soil is 40-75%, preferably 60-70%, to
After seed sprouts, planted in greenhouse seedbed or greenhouse (such as with 2000-3000/m2, the high 20cm in seedbed, width 1.2m), to
Next year carries out seedling in the ranks and handles, and healthy and strong seedlings is transplanted to outdoor bed (such as seeding row spacing is 10cm × 10cm), and with calmly
The watering of root water, after surviving, develops completely (usually in early or mid October, the 3rd) to Paris polyphylla bud scale floral leaf, seed is implanted in thickness
Plain forest land (such as seeding row spacing is 15cm × 15cm)；
And/or (3 ') rhizome cutting propagation
The Paris polyphylla for selecting 5-6 raw chooses Paris polyphylla with terminal bud (usually in annual 10-11 month) after Paris polyphylla sprout tumble
Rhizome is saved with band terminal bud part and is cut at long 3-4cm by perpendicular to rhizome major axes orientation, and wound dips in plant ash or quick lime,
Such as by seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm plantation at Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis forest land (i.e. the Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis underwood planting block of (1) selection), with corruption after plantation
Grow soil or pine tag covering moisturizing；
(4) manuring late and management；
Optional (5) prevention and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage.
Further, the above method is harvested including (6): Paris polyphylla seedling early growth is harvested to 3-6, is preferably sent out in seed
Nursery was harvested with the 6th year harvesting, terminal bud rhizome young plant after transplanting in the 3rd year, and when harvesting keeps stem tuber complete, and fine day is adopted
Time receiving first cuts off cauline leaf, and sub- root side is excavated, and soil is shaken off, is then cleaned up with clear water, is transported in greenhouse and spreads out, drops
Low temperature.
Further, plantation Paris polyphylla selection water inlet property, the good humic soil of water-retaining property, blub soil or night in step (1)
Damp ground.
Further, the fertilizer broadcasted sowing in step (2) includes organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, basal dressing
One of or it is a variety of, with common dosage application；
The high 20-30cm of moisture surface, wide 1-2cm in step (2), preferably high 25cm, wide 1.5cm.
Further, sand or soil in seedling frame is urged to be sufficiently mixed uniformly in step (3) with carbendazim；
After judge that the mode of sand and soil moisture is picked up for plant personnel and holds sand in step (3), release sand can
It scatters.
In the present invention, both seminal propagation and rhizome cutting propagation are is used using any or both of which, seminal propagation and
Rhizome cutting propagation is all propagation method, and seminal propagation is sexual propagation, and progeny variation is larger, it is possible to not be able to maintain the excellent of female parent
Character, and rhizome cutting propagation is vegetative propagation, offspring hardly makes a variation, and is able to maintain maternal merit.
Farmyard manure used herein above can be any usually used farmyard manure such as people and animals' fecaluria and stalk mixing, corruption
The organic fertilizer formed after ripe.
Further, organic nitrogen liquid is methane liquid, domestic animals manure water in step (4)；
In step (4) seedling taked precautions against drought on ordinary days using rotten leaf, lid grass, moisturizing.
After the manuring late and management of step (4) preferably include the plantation of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita Paris polyphylla, weeds are removed at any time, annual
Rainy season drains in time, loosens the soil, and keeps soil from packing together, and seed is just emerged early stage, cuts down fertilising or not top dressing, in third year, seedling
Fertilizer amount, the every 667m of topdressing amount are increased when increasing fertilizer amount demand2For K2O content >=50% potassium sulphate fertilizer 15kg, P2O5Content >=
The organic fertilizer 300kg of 16% calcium superphosphate 20kg, the content of organic matter >=45%.The entering light degree of seedling early growth is 40~50%,
The scaffolding shade of liana vines is used after seedling, transplanting out.
The prevention of step (5) and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage preferably include below one or more:
There is grub, stem rot and black class's disease pest and disease damage in Paris polyphylla Later growth, when grub, carclazyte silkworm: using enemy hundred
Worm traps and kills moisture surface larva, or makees moisture in the soil using 2~3kg Furadan, 2kg phoxim site preparation；
Stem rot prevention and treatment: sick seedling is rejected, and uses carbendazim wettable powder sandblasting seedbed, the later period uses fenaminosulf wettable
Pulvis carries out filling cave；
Black class's disease disease control: daily emphasis hydrofuge draining reduces humidity, and sprayed using bacterium water cleaning agent.
Wherein, " optional " indicate to carry out or without subsequent step.
Beneficial effects of the present invention, the Paris polyphylla good drug efficacy that plantation harvesting obtains, product quality is high, and pest and disease damage is few, growth week
Phase is short.
Specific embodiment
In order to be readily apparent from the present invention and understand, the present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.
Embodiment
1) with selecting the plantation block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita
The block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis underwood planting Paris polyphylla, select height above sea level deep for the content of organic matter >=40g/kg, the soil layer of 700-1600m
Thick Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis woods forest land, and soil is rich in humus, has good drainage, 25 degree of the hillside fields gradient is hereinafter, in tailo, Schattenseite
Closing rate is respectively about 85-90%, about 70-75%, and soil water-containing keeps about 50-55%；
(2) smooth plantation block
Behind the plantation block ground for selecting Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita, shrub, rich liana, weeds and the stone of hayashishita are removed, is thoroughly excavated miscellaneous
Grass, then every 667m2Uniformly apply the content of organic matter >=40% organic fertilizer 400kg-500kg and nitrogen content 20%, phosphorus content
16%, the compound fertilizer 200kg of potassium content 16%, as base manure, soil excavation turns over bedding leveling again after rake, does moisture surface, moisture surface
The gutter of depth 30cm is excavated at high 25cm, wide 1.5cm, four sides.
(3) breeding seed
10-11 month 2kg Paris polyphylla seed is taken, seed is placed in gauze, rubbed with the hands in the flowing water of tap water and remove pericarp, washed
Net seed is packed into ventilative mesh bag and slightly dries, and is then placed in urging equipped with wet sand and is sufficiently mixed in seedling frame uniformly, seed and sand
Ratio 1:5.Sand or soil in seedling frame is urged to shift to an earlier date 3 days with 70% thiophanate methyl, 1000 times of liquid disinfectants, indoor holding 18~
22 DEG C, plant personnel need to be checked periodically, check the humidity of sand or soil, keep the humidity of sand 30%~40%,
Specifically, if plant personnel is picked up after holding sand, unclamping sand can scatter, and so illustrate that humidity is suitable for.After seed sprouts, with
2500/m2It is planted in greenhouse seedbed or greenhouse, seedbed furrow width, height, wide respectively 30cm, 20cm and 1.2m.To next year 6
It carries out seedling in the ranks month to handle, healthy and strong seedlings is transplanted to outdoor bed, seeding row spacing is 10cm × 10cm, and is poured with root water
Water, after surviving, in early or mid October, the 3rd, Paris polyphylla bud scale floral leaf develops completely, seed is transplanted Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis forest land, seeding row spacing is
15cm×15cm。
(3 ') rhizome cutting propagation
10-11 month chooses rhizome of the Paris polyphylla with terminal bud after Paris polyphylla sprout tumble, presses perpendicular to rhizome major axes orientation, with band
Terminal bud part is saved cuts at long 3-4cm, and wound dips in plant ash or quick lime, plants by seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis woods
Ground covers moisturizing with fertile soil or pine tag after plantation.It needs to lay special stress on protecting fibrous root, terminal bud during transplanting.
(4) manuring late and management
After the plantation of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita Paris polyphylla, weeds are removed at any time, are drained in time in annual May in rainy season-August, are loosened the soil, prevent soil
Earth is hardened, and seed is just emerged early stage, cuts down fertilising or not top dressing, and in third year, seedling increases fertilizer amount when increasing fertilizer amount demand,
Every 667m2Topdressing amount is 10kg potassium sulfate, 15kg calcium superphosphate, 1000kg farmyard manure；Late July every 667m2Had using 3000kg
Machine nitrogen liquid (0.3~0.6% nitrogen content) dilution, and to root implement top dressing, organic nitrogen liquid be methane liquid, domestic animals manure water, in addition,
Seedling early growth should suitably shade, and the scaffolding shade of liana vines be used after seedling out, transplanting, it is desirable that sunshade rate reaches 70%-
80%.
(5) prevent and prevent and treat pest and disease damage
To focus in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita Paris polyphylla planting process prevention prevention and treatment pest and disease damage, aim at prevention, construction of base early period without
Spray spraying pesticide is needed, there is grub, stem rot and black class's disease pest and disease damage in the later period, it is mainly shown as that blade adult endangers in grub,
Carclazyte silkworm, which gnaws, bites rod stem, traps and kills moisture surface larva using 40% metrifonate missible oil, 800 times of liquid, or pungent using 2~3kg Furadan, 2kg
Sulphur phosphorus site preparation makees moisture in the soil；Stem rot prevention and treatment squirts seedling using 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, 800 times of liquid to reject sick seedling
Bed, later period carry out filling cave using 75% fenaminosulf wettable powder, 250 times of liquid；Black spot disease is generally sent out from phyllopodium or blade tip
Rise, with then there is subcircular, round sick class, severe one can then be extended down to floral axis, cause miaoye occur between it is withered and yellow, formed stem it is withered,
Leaf is withered, and daily emphasis hydrofuge draining reduces humidity, and sprayed using 20% difenoconazole agent, 3000~4000 times of liquid.
(6) it harvests
The 6th year harvesting after the transfer of seed development young plant, terminal bud rhizome young plant keep in harvesting in the 3rd year, harvesting
Stem tuber is complete, and fine day first cuts off cauline leaf when harvesting, and sub- root side is excavated, and soil is shaken off, is then cleaned up with clear water, transports
It is spread out in greenhouse, 20-26 degrees Celsius of greenhouse.
The Paris polyphylla planted using the method for the Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla, the sexennial every 667m of rhizoma paris rhizome yield2Dry weight
>=150kg, total amount >=0.6% of rhizoma paridis saponin I, II, III and IV, yield and content of drug effect components are higher than common cultivation method.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis cultivation under woods Paris polyphylla, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(1) with selecting the plantation block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita:
Select height above sea level deep for the content of organic matter >=40g/kg, the soil layer of 700-1600m to the block of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis underwood planting Paris polyphylla
Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis woods forest land；
It is preferred that rich humus-containing soil, there is good drainage, 25 degree of the hillside fields gradient is hereinafter, closing rate in tailo, Schattenseite
Respectively 85-90%, 70-75%, soil water-containing keep 40-60%, preferably 50-55%；
(2) smooth selected plantation block:
Behind the plantation block ground for selecting Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita, shrub, rich liana, weeds and the stone of hayashishita are removed, before planting to soil
It carries out disinfection for example by using limewash or Tuzet, then in ground uniform of application, soil excavation turns over bedding again after rake
Leveling, does moisture surface, and gutter is excavated at four sides；
(3) seminal propagation:
After the shell for extracing Paris polyphylla seed, seed is removed, is fitted into ventilative mesh bag, is then placed in urging equipped with sand or soil
In seedling frame, room temperature remains 18-22 DEG C, and keeping the humidity of sand or soil is 40-75%, preferably 60-70%, to seed
It after sprouting, is planted in greenhouse seedbed or greenhouse, carries out seedling in the ranks to next year and handle, healthy and strong seedlings are transplanted to open country seedling
Bed；After surviving, in the 3rd year, Paris polyphylla bud scale floral leaf developed completely, and seed is implanted in Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis forest land；
And/or (3 ') rhizome cutting propagation:
After Paris polyphylla sprout tumble, rhizome of the Paris polyphylla with terminal bud is chosen, by perpendicular to rhizome major axes orientation, is grown with band terminal bud part section
It is cut at 3-4cm, wound dips in plant ash or quick lime, and plantation covers moisturizing behind Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis forest land, plantation, such as uses fertile soil
Or pine tag covers moisturizing；
(4) manuring late and management；
Optional (5) prevention and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, further comprising:
(6) harvest: Paris polyphylla seedling early growth is harvested to 3-6, is preferably adopted in seed development young plant with the 6th year after transplanting
It receives, terminal bud rhizome young plant keeps stem tuber complete in harvesting in the 3rd year, harvesting, and fine day first cuts off cauline leaf when harvesting, and sub- root side is opened
It digs, soil is shaken off, is then cleaned up with clear water, is transported in greenhouse and spreads out, reduce temperature.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: plantation Paris polyphylla selection water inlet property, water conservation in step (1)
Property good humic soil, blub soil or Evening Tide.
4. the method for cultivation Paris polyphylla according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterised in that: broadcasted sowing in step (2)
Fertilizer includes one of organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, potassium sulfate, calcium superphosphate, basal dressing or a variety of.
5. method according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the high 20-30cm of moisture surface, wide 1-2cm in step (2),
It is preferred that high 25cm, wide 1.5cm.
6. method according to any one of claims 1-5, it is characterised in that: urged in step (3) sand in seedling frame or
Soil is sufficiently mixed uniformly with carbendazim；
After judge that the whether suitable mode of the humidity of sand or soil is picked up for plant personnel and holds sand in step (3), release
Sand can scatter.
7. the method for cultivation Paris polyphylla according to claim 1 to 6, it is characterised in that: organic nitrogen in step (4)
Liquid is methane liquid, domestic animals manure water；
In step (5) seedling taked precautions against drought on ordinary days using rotten leaf, lid grass, moisturizing.
8. method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the manuring late and management of step (4) include:
After the plantation of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis hayashishita Paris polyphylla, weeds are removed at any time, are drained in time in annual rainy season, are loosened the soil, kept soil from packing together, seed
Just emergence early stage cuts down fertilising or not top dressing, and in third year, seedling increases fertilizer amount when increasing fertilizer amount demand, and topdressing amount is every
667m25-15kg potassium sulfate, 10-20kg calcium superphosphate, 500-1500kg farmyard manure, preferably 10kg potassium sulfate, 15kg peroxophosphoric acid
Calcium, 1000kg farmyard manure, late July every 667m2Using 2000-3500kg, preferably 3000kg organic nitrogen liquid dilutes, nitrogen content
0.3~0.6%, and top dressing is implemented to root, the entering light degree of seedling early growth is 40~50%, and rattan is used after seedling out, transplanting
The scaffolding shade of this vines.
9. method according to claim 1 to 8, wherein step (5) is prevented and prevention and treatment pest and disease damage includes following
It is one or more:
There is grub, stem rot and black class's disease pest and disease damage in Paris polyphylla Later growth, when grub, carclazyte silkworm is trapped and killed using metrifonate
Moisture surface larva, or make moisture in the soil using 2~3kg Furadan, 2kg phoxim site preparation；
Stem rot prevention and treatment: sick seedling is rejected, and uses carbendazim wettable powder sandblasting seedbed, the later period uses fenaminosulf wettable powder
Carry out filling cave；
Black class's disease disease control: daily emphasis hydrofuge draining reduces humidity, and sprayed using bacterium water cleaning agent.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112913608A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 毕节市中药研究所 | Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment |
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| CN107580988A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-16 | 张建红 | A kind of compound implantation methods of the bark of official magnolia |
| CN108901725A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-30 | 镇巴县泰昌农牧有限公司 | Paris polyphylla implantation methods and its pest control method |
| CN109006287A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-18 | 贵州金斯凯生态农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of wild Paris polyphylla stem tuber propagation method |
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| CN103039261A (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2013-04-17 | 昭通市金通药业有限公司 | Composite cultivating method of mangnolia officinalis |
| CN106831130A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 迪庆经济开发区箐园生物科技开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of Paris polyphylla |
| CN107580988A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-01-16 | 张建红 | A kind of compound implantation methods of the bark of official magnolia |
| CN108901725A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-11-30 | 镇巴县泰昌农牧有限公司 | Paris polyphylla implantation methods and its pest control method |
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| CN112913608A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-08 | 毕节市中药研究所 | Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation method and Paris polyphylla wild-imitating cultivation equipment |
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