CN109744086A - A kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods - Google Patents
A kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods.This method will collect rain planting technology and farmland deficit irrigation combines, and uses " V " ditch drip irrigation technique, while carrying out different degrees of readjust-loss to crop different growing and controlling.It is compared by being irrigated with traditional crop field, method proposed by the present invention is used in Arid&semi-arid area, water use efficiency and crop yield and quality can be effectively improved, it can water resources shortage, the utilization efficiency that solves the problems, such as to pour water are low to provide one kind important engineering practice approach to alleviate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods, belong to water resources management and communication network
Technical field.
Background technique
China is the large agricultural country of a water resources shortage, and the outstanding feature of national conditions is to have a large population and a few land, and people increases ground and subtracts, resource
Shortage.Assessment according to Ministry of Water Resources to China's water resource, China per capita water be only the world per capita water 1/4, unit arable land
Average water is about that the world is averaged the 3/4 of water, below world average level.And in each water-using sector, irrigates and use
Water accounts for about 80% or more of national total water consumption.Since the 1950s, China's agricultural achieves significant achievement, with
The population in the world 22% is supported in the arable land in the world 9%.But the agricultural year in China is all using high investment as base out for many years
Plinth.50% of the effective rate of utilization of China's irrigation water not as good as developed country.This high cost with low efficiency is resulted in water and soil resources
The excessively deterioration of exploitation and ecological environment.On the one hand the reason of causing this phenomenon is the defect and management method of irrigating facility
Backwardness, on the other hand then the origin cause of formation in the lag of water-saving irrigation technique.According to scholarly forecast, to the year two thousand twenty front and back, China's agricultural is lacked
Water will be up to 1000 × 108m3, water shortage situation will be severeer.Therefore, water-saving agriculture is greatly developed, the situation of water-saving irrigation is promoted
Seem very urgent.The efficiency of water application for improving crops ensures China's grain security, ecology for alleviating water resources crisis
Safety and social sustainable development are of great significance.
Micro irrigation technology is the efficient water-saving irrigation technology being most widely used in world wide.Wherein, trickle irrigation is as slight irrigation
In a kind of efficiently accurately irrigation technique, be one of principal mode of micro irrigation technology.Trickle irrigation has uniform, high-efficiency water-saving section of pouring water
Fertilizer improves crop quality, increasing both production and income, improves the advantages that irrigation water utilization efficiency, is the efficient of China's large scale application
One of Water Saving Irrigation Mode.
Collection rain planting technology is enriched on the spot with rainwater is utilized as core, the non-irrigated level land or gentle slope lacked suitable for water resource
Ground reduces the disengagement area in farmland, while making rainfall by ridge towards plantation mainly by changing farmland surface mima type microrelief
Collect in ditch, realizes reallocation and savings of the limited rainfall in the particular space of farmland, be enriched with, retain and put aside to the greatest extent in kind planting ditch
Precipitation more than possible, to achieve the purpose that rainwater efficiently utilizes.Farmland collection rain planting technology is a kind of complex technique mode, will
Covering with ground sheeting and the plantation of ditch ridge combine, and rainfall forms small-sized runoff from overlay film ridge face, is pooled in kind of planting ditch, are formed
Distinctive farmland regulates and controls moisture mode.A large number of studies show that collection rain cultivation technique can significantly improve crop yield and water utilization
Efficiency, Effective Regulation Different Soil Water Deficits reduce soil inavailable evaporation, improve soil moisture content, increase the collection of rainwash
Efficiency reduces soil erosion, and can also effectively improve crop to the absorption and use efficiency of nutrient, increases the soil moisture, activation
Soil nutrient, inhibits the generation of the salinization of soil, optimizes demand of the crops to illumination, improve crops chlorophyll content and
Photosynthetic efficiency.Currently, domestic and foreign scholars are mainly for wheat, corn, millet, broom corn millet, potato, rape, clover, oat and apple
Fruit etc. has carried out a large amount of furrow collection rain cultivation researchs, and research contents is related to collecting rain technology to crop root, soil moisture content transformation, soil
Earth temperature, soil water and heat quantity, fruit yield, water use efficiency, irrigation water quality, different ditch ridge compare soil respiration and its right
The influence and rainwater-collecting efficiency that hydrothermic factor etc. generates.But in the case where collecting rain cultivation condition, carried out in Crop growing stage
Appropriate deficit irrigation is rarely reported the research of crop yield, quality and water use efficiency etc..
Deficit irrigation is a kind of Novel irrigation technology derived on the basis of insufficient irrigation, it is regulation depletion degree
The abbreviation of irrigation.From domestic and international research it can be seen that readjust-loss filling should be generally the reflection according to crop to water shortage, in reasonable time
Water deficit artificially is caused, without influencing crop yield or influencing very little, or even is conducive to a kind of irrigation that crop increases yield
Decision scheme.Deficit irrigation is a kind of novel Water Saving Irrigation Mode, applies certain journey in some stage of Crop growing stage
The water deficit of degree improves the drought-resistant ability of crop, while also can change photosynthate in the distribution of different tissues organ, subtracts
Few occupied organic substance total amount of nutrition organs, to obtain higher economic flow rate.Therefore, deficit irrigation can be mentioned effectively
The water saving efficiency of high difference water-saving technology, reduces soil moisture excess waste.
Summary of the invention
The application will collect rain planting technology and combine with Farmland Water readjust-loss trickle irrigation, form farmland collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation skill
Art, and the micro- ditch of " V " type of excavation different gradient probes into a kind of novel dry by irrigating comparison with traditional crop field under drip irrigation pipe
The non-irrigated micro- ditch drip irrigation technique of semiarid zone collection rain readjust-loss is to water use efficiency and to crop yield, quality (Vc content) etc.
Influence, provide an effective technological approaches for China's water-saving irrigation and high grade and yield of crops, research achievement into
One step improves collection rain cropping pattern in Irrigation farming and provides certain theoretical foundation, while can be alleviation water resources shortage, solution
The low problem of utilization efficiency of pouring water provides a kind of important engineering practice approach, important to pushing drought-hit area Developing Water-saving Agriculture to have
Theory and practice meaning.
Currently, be collection rain Limited Supplementary Irrigation technology with present invention technology the most similar, Limited Supplementary Irrigation refer to water resource compared with
In the case where few, according to each key developmental stages water-requiring property of crop, supplement is poured water on a small quantity, reduces the water supply of non-key phase, thus
Meet crop normal growth needs, the underproduction caused by reducing because of drought stress.This technology is only for crop water key
Phase carries out the supplementary irrigation of water, and would generally study influence of the supplementary irrigation to different soil soil moisture content, and moisture of the invention
Readjust-loss technology be from field soil water content, the soil water content of strict control different growing, and readjust-loss it
Afterwards, " rehydration ", from soil moisture content, controls the soil water for Limited Supplementary Irrigation technology more accurately in time
Divide content, due to timely " rehydration " after readjust-loss, so that water deficit technology has the effect of water-saving and yield-increasing, and Limited Supplementary Irrigation is only
It is the underproduction caused by reducing because of drought stress, does not increase production.
In addition, " V " ditch technology only occurred on ridge, in traditional planting patterns, and in-house laboratory investigation is more, in needle
Crop is collected in rain readjust-loss cropping pattern and has no use " V " ditch technology.
It is analyzed, the discovery prior art has the following disadvantages: that 1) collection rain Limited Supplementary Irrigation technology can reduce because of the arid side of body
The underproduction caused by compeling, but compare and sufficiently irrigate, technique does not play significant production-increasing function.2) prior art is needed from crop
The water critical period sets out, and supplement is poured water on a small quantity, and not from soil moisture content, more stringent control is carried out to soil water content
System.3) prior art does not inquire into the shadow for " V " type ditch drip irrigation technique under collection rain readjust-loss model to crop and water utilization
It rings.
Therefore, the present invention proposes a kind of crop collection rain readjust-loss " V " ditch drip irrigation technique, the technology by collection rain, deficit irrigation and
" V " ditch drip irrigation technique combines.Different degrees of readjust-loss is carried out to crop different growing while carrying out furrow collection rain to fill
Control is irrigate, and uses " V " ditch drip irrigation technique.
The present invention uses following technical solutions:
A kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods, You Jiyu, readjust-loss are mutually tied with " V " ditch trickle irrigation implantation methods
It closes.Readjust-loss is the different growing in crop using different deficit irrigation processing, including moderate water deficit treatment and slight depletion
Processing；Collect rain and rain is collected using " curvature of the spinal column formula ", certain ditch ridge ratio, the ridge unregistered land Shang Fu film are set；Trickle irrigation plantation uses a Guan Yihang,
Drip irrigation emitter is arranged near crop root；" V " ditch refers in collection rain rill, and " V " type of different gradient is excavated below drip irrigation pipe
Certain slope is arranged in ditch.
Preferably, when crop is green pepper, breeding time is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, result peak period and result later period.
Preferably, moderate water deficit treatment is carried out to green pepper in the result later period, other breeding times normally sufficiently pour water.
Preferably, ditch ridge ratio is 60:40；Dripping end flow chooses 1.8L/h~2.2L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm, plant line-spacing
Choose 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm；" V " ditch gradient is 45 degree.
The irrigation low limit of moderate water deficit treatment is the 60% of field capacity, and the upper limit of pouring water is the 70% of field capacity；
The irrigation low limit of the slight water deficit treatment is the 70% of field capacity, and the upper limit of pouring water is the 80% of field capacity；It is described
The irrigation low limit normally sufficiently poured water is the 80% of field capacity, and the upper limit of pouring water is the 90% of field capacity.
The present invention uses the test data of Hebei University Of Engineering over the years, carries out variance analysis to different disposal, as a result table
Bright, the mentioned technical solution comparison of the present invention is sufficiently irrigated, and be can be improved water use efficiency, crop yield, is improved crop quality,
And achieve the purpose that water-saving.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is " v " ditch collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation field planting schematic diagram；
Fig. 2, which is that tradition is flat, makees (border irrigation) plantation schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation plantation schematic diagram；And
Fig. 4 is collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation plantation schematic top plan view.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Preferably, the present invention is by taking green pepper crop as an example.Collection rain deficit irrigation is combined with " V " ditch drip irrigation technique, field
It is as shown in Figure 1 to plant schematic diagram.(border irrigation) plantation schematic diagram is made frequently with tradition is flat in the northern area of China, as shown in Figure 2.This
Outside, schematic diagram is planted in collection rain readjust-loss, as shown in Figure 3.For convenience of comparison, all planting patterns use same drip irrigation, bow
As shown in Figure 4 depending on schematic diagram.
1 drip irrigation technique
Trickle irrigation is a kind of most effective Water Saving Irrigation Mode of current drought and water-scarce area, has water-saving, section fertilizer, saving of labor, increasing
The advantages that production increases income.Trickle irrigation is localized irrigation, and compared with the irrigation methods such as surface irrigation and sprinkling irrigation, evaporation from land is lost relatively
Small and Crop transpirstion proportion improves, therefore the Study on Crop Water Requirement Rules under condition of drip irrigation and other irrigation methods are different,
It is to reduce the important means of irrigation water demand, and having increasingly automated and remote control network place, it is easier to will fill
It irrigates decision and concentrates on central office.
The present invention uses the trickle irrigation with water-saving and yield-increasing effect to irrigate, and a Guan Yihang, drip irrigation emitter is arranged in green pepper
Near root, dripping end flow chooses 1.8L/h~2.2L/h, water dropper spacing 30cm.Plant line-spacing chooses 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm.It bows
As shown in Figure 4 depending on schematic diagram.
2 " V " ditch drip irrigation techniques
" V " ditch drip irrigation technique is a kind of Novel planting technology, and emitter clogging can be effectively prevented, hence it is evident that improves 0-40cm
Soil moisture content and crop yield.The present invention excavates " V " type ditch of different gradient in collection rain rill below drip irrigation pipe, slope is arranged
Degree respectively may be about 25 degree, 45 degree, 65 degree, through site test, show that 45 degree of gradients and the water utilization of green pepper under 25 degree of gradients are imitated
Rate and yield are larger, and Analysis of variance obtains, the green pepper planted under 45 degree of gradients and 25 degree of gradients is in terms of yield and quality
Difference is not significant, and the present invention is illustrated by taking " V " ditch trickle irrigation of 45 degree of gradients or so as an example.Plant schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1,
" V " ditch gradient is 45 degree or so, and (i.e. angle between AB and CD is about 135 degree or so.
3 collection rain technologies
Collection rain planting technology is enriched on the spot with rainwater is utilized as core, by changing farmland surface mima type microrelief, makes in farmland
Disengagement area reduce, while rainfall being made, towards collecting in kind of planting ditch, to realize limited rainfall in the particular space of farmland by ridge
It reallocates and savings, the interior enrichment of kind planting ditch retains and put aside precipitation as much as possible, to reach the mesh that rainwater efficiently utilizes
's.Farmland collection rain planting technology is a kind of complex technique mode, by covering with ground sheeting and ditch ridge plantation combine, rainfall from
Overlay film ridge face forms small-sized runoff, is pooled in kind of planting ditch, forms distinctive farmland regulation moisture mode.
The present invention collects rain mode and collects rain using " curvature of the spinal column formula ", and collection rain processing ditch ridge ratio is using two kinds of " 60:40 " and " 60:60 "
Scheme, the ridge unregistered land Shang Fu film (thickness about 0.012mm), unregistered land film fertilizer conservation, water holding capacity are strong, inhibit weeds, and mulching soil heats width
It spends small, may advantageously facilitate crop root normal growth, it is advantageous to the growth of vegetables.It is found by experiment that, for Handan District blueness
For green pepper crop, collection rain plantation selection ditch ridge ratio " 60:40 " scheme is more appropriate, and green pepper water utilization is imitated under this ditch ridge ratio
Rate, yield are relatively high, and for the application using ditch ridge ratio " 60:40 " scheme as preferred embodiment, plantation schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 3.
4 deficit irrigation technologies
By domestic and foreign scholars the study found that be not crop the water deficit of any degree of each breeding time can
Decline its yield, on the contrary, the water deficit that a certain breeding time is suitable for causes delaying for crop growth, but after its rehydration
Rehydration compensating effect can be generated, different crops can generate different adaptation depletion mechanism.Therefore, make for different regions difference
The research of the deficit irrigation of object can specify reasonable Irrigation for it, provide theoretical direction foundation.The present invention is directed to Handan
Regional green pepper crop collects rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation cropping pattern, and two kinds of deficit irrigation processing are respectively set in green pepper each breeding time, point
Not are as follows: moderate water deficit treatment (is indicated, irrigation low limit is the 60% of field capacity, and the upper limit of pouring water is field capacity with M
70%)；Slight water deficit treatment (is indicated, irrigation low limit is the 70% of field capacity, and the upper limit of pouring water is field capacity with L
80%).Two kinds of deficit irrigations with normally sufficiently pour water (indicated with N, irrigation low limit be field capacity 80%, the upper limit of pouring water
It is the 90% of field capacity) it compares, it is specifically shown in Table 1, wherein " V " ditch collection rain readjust-loss drip irrigation technique TiRIt indicates
(i=1,2,3 ... 8)；Collect rain readjust-loss drip irrigation technique T 'iRIt indicates (i=1,2,3 ... 8)；The flat work (border irrigation) of tradition uses TiB
It indicates (i=1,2,3 ... 8)；It is respectively that " v " ditch collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation, collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation and tradition are flat that three kinds of controls, which are arranged,
The abundant irrigation for making (border irrigation) planting patterns, uses CK respectivelyR, CK 'R、CKBIt indicates.Two groups of repetitions are arranged in all processing.This test
Green pepper kind uses " Jin Fulai ", and green pepper breeding time is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, result peak period and result later period.Wherein
Seedling stage and blooming breeding time phase number of days of bearing fruit is about 32 days or so, and as a result peak period and result Growth at Later Stage phase number of days are about 48 days left sides
The right side, the total breeding time number of days of green pepper about 155 days.Test carries out under Hebei University Of Engineering's Precision Irrigation test site, Automatic rain awning.
Especially big rainfall is encountered during deficit irrigation, will open Automatic rain awning.
The deficit irrigation of 1 different growing Different Ways of Planting of table is handled
Variance analysis discovery is carried out by the data information collected to different tests processing, the present invention is by above-mentioned 4 kinds of technologies
It is combined together, plays multiple water-saving effect, can make full use of water resource, and Crops production and quality can be improved.Tool
Body is analyzed as follows:
The different deficit irrigations of 1 each planting patterns handle the influence to green pepper yield
By carrying out variance analysis respectively to each year test data, show that the phase of bearing fruit of blooming slight water deficit treatment will be to production
Amount significantly affects, it is seen that the period is the green pepper crop water critical period；As a result the slight water deficit treatment of peak period is to yield effect
Less, but moderate water deficit treatment can significantly affect yield；It is slight and moderate water deficit treatment is to yield shadow in the result later period
It rings not significant.
Three kinds of planting patterns, under deficit irrigation processing of the same race, yield is descending successively are as follows: " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain tune
Thanks to irrigate the flat yield for making (border irrigation) deficit irrigation of plantation yield > drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall readjust-loss plantation yield > tradition.
In all processing, maximum yield is result later period " V " ditch collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation.
From the variance analysis of crop growing state and yield, it can be clearly seen that no matter the collection rain of which kind of mode plants green pepper
Growing way and yield are significantly better than that tradition is flat and make.
To green pepper quality (V under the different deficit irrigations processing of 2 each planting patternsC) influence
For same planting patterns, Vc content is higher slightly to be handled with moderate water deficit for seedling stage, seat of blooming
Fruiting period moderate water deficit treatment, the as a result green pepper of peak period and result later period slight water deficit treatment, result later period moderate water deficit treatment.Always
Body is got on very well, and appropriate water deficit is handled to VCContent will cause certain influence.
To Different Ways of Planting, for identical readjust-loss processing, the green pepper Vc under " V " ditch collection rain readjust-loss trickle irrigation planting patterns
Content is maximum, followed by collection rain readjust-loss planting patterns, and being finally that tradition is flat plants.
Green pepper Vc content under test discovery deficit irrigation processing is generally higher than the Vc content under abundant irrigation conditions, and three
Kind compares Vc content from big to small successively are as follows: the plantation of " V " ditch drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall, the followed by plantation of collection rain are finally that traditional put down is planted
It plants.
Influence under 3 each planting patterns difference deficit irrigation processing to green pepper water use efficiency
Green pepper water use efficiency is shown in shown in formula (1):
WUE=Y/ET (1)
WUE is water use efficiency (according to economic flow rate) in formula, and Y is (with kg/hm2For unit) it is economic flow rate, ET (with
Mm is unit) it is time of infertility corn field total water consumption.
In identical planting patterns, obtained by variance analysis bloom bear fruit interim degree depletion can be to green pepper moisture benefit
Highly significant influence is generated with efficiency, the moderate water deficit treatment in this period will cause being remarkably decreased for water use efficiency.
The deficit irrigation in remaining period will not make a significant impact water use efficiency.
Under Different Ways of Planting, identical deficit irrigation disposition, green pepper water use efficiency sorts from high to low
Are as follows: the plantation of " V " ditch drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall, drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall plantation, tradition is flat to be made.
In addition, under by handling different in moisture readjust-loss, each year green pepper yield, VCThe test of content, water use efficiency
Data carry out variance analysis respectively, are examined by F and P inspection illustrates data there was no significant difference, year test data otherness
Mainly from each test process, it is not from year border difference.
By above-mentioned analysis, economic benefit is comprehensively considered, obtain and carry out moderate water deficit treatment in the result later period, other fertilities
" V " ditch drip irrigation with catchment of rainfall plantation that phase normally sufficiently pours water is best.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done, including but not limited to " v " ditch gradient
Change, the variation of readjust-loss scheme, the variation of the collection rain plantation ridge Zhong Gou ratio, the variation of dripping end flow should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of crop " V " ditch trickle irrigation collection rain readjust-loss implantation methods, it is characterised in that: You Jiyu, readjust-loss and the plantation of " V " ditch trickle irrigation
Method combines.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, the readjust-loss is the different growing in crop using different deficit irrigations
Processing.
3. being arranged certain ditch ridge ratio according to the method described in claim 2, the collection rain collects rain using " curvature of the spinal column formula ", on ridge
Cover unregistered land film.
4. drip irrigation emitter is arranged in crop according to the method described in claim 3, the trickle irrigation implantation methods use a Guan Yihang
Near root.
5. excavating different gradient below drip irrigation pipe according to the method described in claim 4, " V " ditch refers in collection rain rill
" V " type ditch, be arranged certain slope.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, deficit irrigation processing includes moderate water deficit treatment and slight water deficit treatment.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, breeding time is divided into seedling stage, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, knot when the crop is green pepper
Fruit peak period and result later period.
8. other breeding times are normal according to the method described in claim 7, carrying out moderate water deficit treatment to green pepper in the result later period
Sufficiently pour water.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, ditch ridge ratio is 60:40；Dripping end flow chooses 1.8L/h~2.2L/h, between water dropper
Away from 30cm, plant line-spacing chooses 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm；" V " ditch gradient is 45 degree.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, the irrigation low limit of the moderate water deficit treatment be field capacity 60%,
The upper limit of pouring water is the 70% of field capacity；The irrigation low limit of the slight water deficit treatment is the 70% of field capacity, is poured water
The upper limit is the 80% of field capacity；The irrigation low limit normally sufficiently poured water is the 80% of field capacity, the upper limit of pouring water
It is the 90% of field capacity.
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