CN109417521A - 低功率多电平驱动器 - Google Patents

低功率多电平驱动器 Download PDF

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CN109417521A
CN109417521A CN201780040384.1A CN201780040384A CN109417521A CN 109417521 A CN109417521 A CN 109417521A CN 201780040384 A CN201780040384 A CN 201780040384A CN 109417521 A CN109417521 A CN 109417521A
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CN109417521B (zh
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奥米德·塔莱比·阿米里
理查德·辛普森
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Kang Du Laboratories Inc
Kandou Labs SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0005—Modifications of input or output impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K19/00—Logic circuits, i.e. having at least two inputs acting on one output; Inverting circuits
    • H03K19/0002—Multistate logic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/02—Details
    • H04B3/04—Control of transmission; Equalising

Abstract

描述了一种在多线路总线上传输多电平信号的驱动器，所述驱动器包括：与传输线连接的至少一个电流源，每个电流源选择性地开启以用来向该传输线提供电流，从而将线路电压驱动至高于经端接阻抗元件连接至所述传输线的端接电压源的端接电压，其中，所述至少一个电流源当中的每一个电流源均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗；以及与所述传输线相连接的至少一个电流吸收器，每一个该电流吸收器选择性开启以用来从所述传输线吸收电流，从而将线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压，该至少一个电流吸收器当中的每一个电流吸收器均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。

Description

低功率多电平驱动器
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请号为62/328,722，申请日为2016年4月28日，名称为“低功率多电平驱动器”的美国临时申请的权益，并通过引用将其内容整体并入本文。
参考文献
以下参考文献通过引用整体并入本文，以供所有目的之用：
公开号为2011/0268225，申请号为12/784,414，申请日为2010年5月20日，发明人为Harm Cronie和Amin Shokrollahi，名称为“正交差分向量信令”的美国专利申请，下称《Cronie 1》；
专利号为9,100,232，授权日为2015年8月4日，发明人为Amin Shokrollahi，AliHormati及Roger Ulrich，名称为“具有低符号间干扰比的低功率芯片间通信方法和装置”的美国专利，下称《Shokrollahi 1》；
申请号为14/315,306，申请日为2014年6月25日，发明人为Roger Ulrich，名称为“高速芯片间通信用的多电平驱动器”的美国专利申请，下称《Ulrich 1》。
背景技术
在通信系统中，信息可从一个物理位置传输至另一物理位置。对于该信息的传输，人们一般希望其可靠，快速，且消耗最少的资源。串行通信链路为最为常用的信息传输介质之一，该链路可基于将地面或其他常用基准作为比较对象的单个有线电路，或者基于将地面或其他常用基准作为比较对象的多个此类有线电路，或者基于相互间作为比较对象的多个电路。
一般情况下，串行通信链路用于在多个时间周期内操作。在每一此类时间周期内，该链路内的一个或多个信号表示(并因此传达)一定量的信息，该信息一般以比特为单位。因此，在高电平下，串行通信链路连接发射器和接收器，而且发射器在每一时间周期内发送一个或多个信号，接收器接收与所发送信号近似(其原因在于链路内的信号退化、噪声及其他失真)的一个或多个信号。待传送的信息被发射器“消耗”后生成代表信号，而接收器用于从其接收的信号中确定出所传送的信息。在总体不发生误差的情况下，接收器可确切地输出发射器所消耗的比特。
串行通信链路的最佳设计往往取决于其用途。在许多情况下，需要在各种性能参数之间做出权衡取舍，这些参数例如为带宽(每单位时间和/或每一周期所能传送的比特数)、引脚利用率(一次可传送的比特或比特等同物的数目除以传送所使用的线路数目)、功耗(发射器、信号逻辑、接收器等每传送一个比特所消耗的单位能量数)、抗同步开关输出噪声(SSO)能力及抗串扰能力、以及所期望的误差率。
串行通信链路的一例为差分信令(Differential Signaling，DS)链路。差分信令的工作原理为：在一条线路上发送信号，并在该线路的配对线路上发送所述信号的反信号；此两信号的信息由两条线路之间的差值，而非其相对于地面或其他固定参考的绝对值表示。与单端信令(Single-Ended Signaling，SES)相比，差分信令可抵消串扰及其他共模噪声，从而提高接收器对原始信号的恢复能力。此外，还有多种信令方法可在保留所期望的差分信令的特性的同时，实现比差分信令更高的引脚利用率。多种此类方法均同时使用两条以上线路，而且每条线路均使用二元信号，但是以比特组的形式进行信息映射。
向量信令为一种信令方法。通过向量信令，多条线路中的多个信号在保持每个信号的独立性的同时可视为一个整体。该整体信号当中的每一信号均称为分量，所述多条线路的数量称为向量的“维数”。在一些实施方式中，与差分信令中的成对线路的情况一样，一条线路中的信号完全取决于另一线路中的信号。因此，在某些情况下，上述向量维数可指多条线路的信号自由度数，而并非指该多条线路中的线路数目。
在二元向量信令中，每一分量均具有坐标值(或简称“坐标”)，该坐标值为两个可能取值当中之一。举例而言，可将8条单端信令线路视为一个整体，其中，每个分量/线路的取值为信号周期两值中的一值。如此，该二元向量信令的一个“码字”即对应所述整体分量/线路组的其中一个可能状态。对于给定的向量信令编码方案，有效可取码字的集合称为“向量信令码”或“向量信令向量集”。“二元向量信令码”即指将信息比特映射至二元向量的一种映射方法和/或一组映射规则。在8条单端信令线路的上例中，由于每个分量的自由度允许其取值为上述两个可取坐标中的任何一个，该码字集合中码字的数量为2^8个，即256个。即在单端信令或差分信令链路中，二元向量信令码所使用的输出驱动器仅需发送两个不同的电压或电流电平，对应于每个向量元素的两个可能坐标值。
在非二元向量信令中，每个分量的坐标值选自由多于两个的可能取值组成的组。“非二元向量信令码”则指将信息比特映射至非二元向量的一种映射方法和/或一组映射规则。非二元向量信令码的对应输出驱动器必须能够发送与每个向量输出的所选坐标值对应的多个电压或电流电平。关于向量信令方法的描述例如见《Cronie 1》。
发明内容
发射器和接收器可使用串行通信链路进行通信，其中，所述串行通信链路使用基于均衡向量信令码的信令。该向量信令码在每个发送单位间隔内通过所述通信链路的多条线路发送符号向量。该向量的分量数可以为二，三，四或大于四。分量的坐标值数可以为二，三，四或大于四。例如，链路可使用具有四个可能坐标值的四个分量，该四个可能坐标值为一个高值、一个低值以及该高值和低值的相反值，而且具有所述高值的信号可抵消三个具有所述低值的相反值的信号，具有所述高值的相反值的信号可抵消三个具有所述低值的信号，而且在这种方式中，所述链路可使用所述四个分量通过下述方式在一个周期内传送三个比特：将所述八个可能的三比特组合映射至由一个所述高值和三个所述低值的相反值的四种排列组合形式以及一个所述高值的相反值和三个所述低值的四种排列组合形式表示的八个向量码字。在一种更加具体的实施方式中，所述高值和低值为相对于参考值的电压值，所述高值与其相反值大小相等但符号相反，所述低值与其相反值大小相等但符号相反，所述高值的大小为所述低值大小的三倍。作为另一例，一种不同链路可使用选自三个可能坐标值的三个分量，该三个可能坐标值分别为一个正值，一个较小正值以及一个最小正值或零，其中，所有向量分量值之和为常数。此类代码也为平衡码，只不过与依赖单端电源的实施方式的常见做法相同，所有可能坐标值上均叠加有额外偏移量或直流分量。
在至少一种实施方式中，本申请中描述的一种在多线路总线上传输多电平信号的驱动器包括：与传输线连接的至少一个电流源，各个所述电流源选择性地开启以用来向该传输线提供电流，从而将线路电压驱动至高于经端接阻抗元件连接至所述传输线的端接电压源的端接电压，其中，所述至少一个电流源当中的每一个电流源均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗；以及与所述传输线相连接的至少一个电流吸收器，各个所述电流吸收器选择性地开启以用来从所述传输线吸收电流，从而将线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压，所述至少一个电流吸收器当中的每一个电流吸收器均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。
在一些实施方式中，端接阻抗与所述传输线的特征阻抗相匹配。在一些实施方式中，所述装置还包括将至少所述个电流源或至少一个所述电流吸收器连接至所述传输线的至少一个传输阻抗元件。在一些实施方式中，至少一个传输阻抗同时将电流源和电流吸收器连接至所述传输线。
在一些实施方式中，电流源和电流吸收器中的每一个均含有相应的切换元件，所述切换元件设置为选择性地开启向所述传输线提供电流或从该传输线吸收电流。在一些实施方式中，所述电流源当中的至少一个电流源为经相应切换元件连接至所述传输线的有源电流源。在一些实施方式中，至少一个电流吸收器为与所述传输线相连的电阻性元件。
在一些实施方式中，所述传输线对应于多线路总线中的单条线路，该多线路总线中的每一线路均经相应的端接阻抗连接至所述端接电压节点。在一些实施方式中，所述装置还包括与单个电流源或电流吸收器连接的切换电路，该切换电路设置为将所述单个电流源或电流吸收器连接至所述多线路总线中的一条或多条线路。在一些实施方式中，所述至少一个电流源和所述至少一个电流吸收器设置为共同形成至少三个可能的线路电压值。
根据至少一种实施方式，本发明方法和装置实现了通过在物理信道传输数据而提供高速低延迟接口，该接口以较低的功率提供较高的总带宽，以将多芯片系统内的集成电路芯片相互连接。在一些实施方式中，采用不同的电压，电流等的电平进行信号传输，而且可使用两个以上的电平，例如，每一线路信号取四值当中一值的四元信令系统。
此“发明内容”部分为以下“具体实施方式”部分中所描述的一系列概念的介绍，其描述形式较为简单，进一步的描述请见下文“具体实施方式”部分。此外，此“发明内容”部分的目的并不在于指出权利要求所述技术方案的关键或必要技术特征，也不在于辅助确定权利要求所述技术方案的范围。
附图说明
图1为一种多电平线路驱动器实施方式的示意图。
图2为另一多电平线路驱动器实施方式的示意图。
图3为一种多电平线路驱动器实施方式示意图，该多电平线路驱动器含有电流源和电阻性吸收元件。
图4为根据一些实施方式的切换电路。
图5为根据一些实施方式的多传输线通信系统的框图。
图6为根据一些实施方式的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
虽然将多个完整系统集成至单个集成电路的技术能力在不断提高，但是多芯片系统及子系统仍具有显著的技术优势。出于非限制性的描述目的，本申请中描述的例示实施方式采用至少一个点对点通信接口将分别表示发射器和接收器的两个集成电路芯片相互连接的系统环境，其中，该通信接口由至少一个互连信号线路组支持，该互连信号线路组由两条以上在高速下实现中度损耗连接的高速传输线信号线路组成，向量信令码将信息作为线路组内每条线路上的同时发送值从发射器发送至接收器，各值选自于三个或三个以上电平，所述向量信令码将所述线路组整体约束至固定电平和。
因此，在一种实施方式中，将首次描述于《Cronie I》中的H4向量信令码的符号坐标值作为相对于固定参考值的偏移电压电平进行传输，举例而言，以+200mV的偏移量表示“+1”，-66mV的偏移量表示“-1/3”等等。
物理信道特性
作为高速通信系统的一例，通信元件可通过由至少一组微带线构成的通信信道相互连接，从而实现适用于向量信令码的受控阻抗多线传输，其中，该微带线可通过介电层与地面隔开。为了减小衰减和传播速度差异，该组内的多条导线以相同的制造特性共同布线。此外，该信道的每一线路的两端均以其特征传输线阻抗端接。如此，在针对50Ω典型的传输线阻抗的现有规范做法中，信号由具有50Ω源阻抗的发射器发送，而且在接收器处作为流经50Ω的端接电阻的电压或电流被检测。其中，对于在此类信道上的传输，采用电流的做法支持高达数10G/秒的速率，而且传输距离为数厘米至一米或一米以上。
《Ulrich 1》所描述的线路驱动器实施方式与上述现有信道相兼容，其可实现具有匹配输出阻抗的多个信号输出电平，以及优化的有限脉冲响应波形整形功能。类似地，《Shokrollahi 1》所描述的发送器和接收器可在长达25毫米的传输距离上实现25G/秒的通信信道线路的传输速率。
然而，当在更短的信道上采用上述做法时，可能会导致不必要的功耗和系统复杂性。同一集成电路器件内的互连结构因传播时间较短及传输线变化较小而可能不通过使用完全匹配的端接阻抗以实现无差错通信。因此，本申请中所描述的实施方式用于降低不匹配线路端接实施方式的线路驱动器的功耗。
出于非限制性的说明目的，与下文所述实施方式相关的信道可由50Ω的阻抗互连线构成，这些互连线布置为由6～8条长度相等且不超出两毫米的线路组成的线组(即同一集成电路器件的子系统之间的线组，或多芯片模块内的两个集成电路之间的线组)，该线组利用《Shokrollahi 1》中描述的接收器和向量信令码，以高达每线路25G/秒的数据速率工作。
低功率线路驱动器
图1示意图所示为适于在同一线路上生成多达四个不同输出信号电平的第一线路驱动器实施方式。其中，输出驱动器110和120为现有的CMOS三态输出器件，该器件例如能够通过堆叠的PMOS/NMOS输出结构来提供和吸收电流，或者通过关闭所有输出晶体管以提供高阻抗输出。
每一输出电平均通过如下方式产生：启动一个输出驱动器，并将其输入设置为逻辑“1”或逻辑“0”。串联电阻器R1和R2与端接电阻器Rterm形成分压器，从而使得在130处的输出电平为驱动器110或驱动器120在其输出端产生的Vdd至Vss输出电压摆幅的一部分。其中，共存在四种可能的输出电平：R1驱动的高电平，R2驱动的高电平，R2驱动的低电平以及R1驱动的低电平。
在一种实施方式中，R1＝50Ω，R2＝250Ω，Rterm＝50Ω，Vdd＝0.9V，所得输出电平为675、525、375及225mV。
端接电压VT表示传输输出电平的中点，因此也表示接收器190的中点电平或偏置电平。由于《Shokrollahi 1》的例示Glasswing码为一种平衡的六线码(即该代码所有码字的码元总和为恒定值)，因此该六条线路需要使用六个图1驱动器进行驱动，而且这些驱动器可在节点VT互连。此外，端接电压由经每一线路的Rterm流至节点VT处的共同连接点的电流的无源求和结果产生，无需额外的端接电压源。在至少一种实施方式中，所有端接电阻器的共同连接节点与接地点之间设有旁路电容器。在图6所示例示实施方式中，n个驱动器510，515，……，520经相应的端接阻抗元件Rterm1，Rterm2，……，Rtermn与所述端接电压节点连接。
该电路虽然比《Ulrich 1》的多电平输出驱动器大幅节省了功率，但是无法为130提供恒定的源阻抗，从而更容易发生可导致符号间干扰的信号反射，并且当传输路径往返时间占传输单位间隔较大部分时，这一问题尤为突出。然而，对于极短的信道而言，这一问题无足轻重，而其可能带来的功率节省优点反而甚为重要。
这说明，该技术值得进一步扩展。图2示意图所示为另一实施方式，其中，五个三态CMOS缓冲器210，220，230，240，250与源电阻器R1，R2，R3，R4，R5在260和接收器290处共产生多达十个不同的信号电平。从所给出的两例可容易地看出，还可设计支持不同信令电平、不同信令电平数以及不同线数的其他实施方式。
混合线路驱动器
图3示意图所示的线路驱动器实施方式被配置为实现更低功率的操作，条件同样为输出处的传输阻抗是不受限制的。与前例情形相同，端接电压VT表示多个传输信号电平的中点，而且同样一般也表示接收器的偏置点。当通过使InC或InD生效而在节点370注入电流时，可闭合切换元件330或340，从而将电流源Idd1或Idd2连接至370。如此，额外电流流过Rterm，提高370处的电压，从而产生高于端接电压VT的输出电压电平。当通过使InA或InB生效而从节点370移除电流时，可闭合切换元件350或360，从而将传输阻抗电阻器R1或R2连接至370。如此，可降低Rterm上的电压及接收器390接收到的电压，从而产生低于VT的输出电压电平。虽然，可使用有源电流吸收器达到移除电流的目的，但是在实际设计考虑中，更倾向于使用更为简单的电阻性电流吸收方法。虽然通过选择性地使输入InA/InB/InC/InD生效或不生效可以获得16种不同的电压电平，一些实施方式可仅使用其中的子集。例如，对于下述Glasswing编码方案，一次可仅生效InA/InB/InC/InD当中的一个，以产生与符号值±1和±1/3相对应的四个可能的电压电平。
在一种实施方式中，切换元件330，340，350，360为MOS晶体管，而且所述端接电压节点处的端接电压VT按照上述方法生成，即通过在VT处对图3每一线路实例进行相互连接的方式生成，其中，该互连节点与接地点之间可选设置旁路电容器。在一种具体实施方式中，R1＝100Ω，R2＝0Ω，Rterm＝50Ω，电流源为3mA和1.5mA，Vdd＝0.9V，所得输出电平为450mV，300mV，150mV和0mV。
由于在实际应用过程中发现，直接使电流源生效/失效的方式的速度过慢，因此采用切换电路元件传递从电流源Idd1和Idd2流出的电流。这种切换方式还可实现进一步的优化。正如端接电压VT体现了承载平衡向量信令码的线路的所有端接电阻器的共同或总体互连结果一样，所述代码的特性可用于对电流源Idd1和Idd2的设计和使用进行优化。作为一例，根据《Shokrollahi 1》所述，所有Glasswing或5b6w码字均确切含有一个“+1”符号以及两个“+1/3”符号。因此，当图3所示的六个实例(每一实例对应六条线路中的一条)需要输出该代码时，仅有一个实例使用产生“+1”输出电平的电流源，而且确切有两个实例使用产生“+1/3”电平的电流源。由于这种始终一致的使用模式，另一实施方式将单个“+1”电流源用于所有的六个实例，而且将相应的选择切换元件设置为“六选一”切换电路，用于将电流引导至需要将该符号值用于当前输出码字的线路上。类似地，还可针对“+1/3”输出电平，在六条线路之间共享两个电流源(作为一种替代实施方式，还可在要求“+1/3”输出的两条线路之间共享可两次提供所述电流的单个电流源，其风险在于电流共享的不均匀性)。通过上述具体实施方式中的电阻器和电流值，6mA的总电流消耗(一个共享于六条线路之间的3mA电流源，以及两个共享于六条线路之的1.5mA电流源)可支持整个5b6w接口。此外，针对其他向量信令码，可同样进行此类优化。
图4为用于将电流Idd1引导至多线路总线的多条线路当中一条线路上的切换电路示意图。如图所示，电流源Idd1与n个切换元件相连接，每一切换元件均与所述多线路总线的一条相应线路连接。在Idd1对应于“+1”符号的上述实施方式中，在给定时间点上，切换元件410/420/430当中仅有一个开启。类似电路还可用于与“+1/3”符号相对应的电流源以及与“-1”和“-1/3”符号相对应的电流吸收器。或者，电流源Idd1也可与“+2/3”值相对应，而且可同时与两条线路相连接，以在每一条线路上提供“+1/3”的电平。
图5为根据一些实施方式的方法500的流程图。如图所示，图5包括获取502标识向量信令码码字符号的至少一个控制比特。响应于该至少一个控制比特的获取，该方法在传输线上设置504线路电压。如图所示，该线路电压的设置可包括：选择性地经至少一个电流源向所述传输线提供电流506，以将线路电压驱动至高于经端接阻抗元件Rterm连接至所述传输线的端接电压源的端接电压VT，所述至少一个电流源当中的每一电流源均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。为了将所述线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压，该方法可选择性地经至少一个电流吸收器从所述传输线吸收508电流，以将线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压VT，该至少一个电流吸收器当中的每一电流吸收器均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。
在一些实施方式中，所述端接阻抗Rterm与所述传输线的特征阻抗相匹配。在一些实施方式中，至少一个电流源或至少一个电流吸收器经图1～图3所示的电阻器R1和R2等传输阻抗连接至所述传输线。在一些实施方式中，电流源和电流吸收器经共享传输阻抗连接至所述传输线(如图1和图2所示，其中，三态驱动器110经传输阻抗R1连接至传输线130)。在一些实施方式中，选择性地提供或吸收电流包括：根据所述至少一个控制比特，启动一个或多个切换元件。这一实施方式如采用切换元件330，340，350和360的图3所示。在一些实施方式中，所述电流源当中的至少一个电流源为图3中的Idd1和Idd2等的有源电流源。在一些实施方式中，至少一个电流吸收器为无源电流吸收器，如图3所示的电阻性电流吸收器R1和R2。
在一些实施方式中，所述方法还包括：选择性地向经第二端接阻抗元件与所述端接电压节点相连接的第二传输线提供电流，或者从该第二传输线吸收电流。该电流根据标识所述向量信令码码字的第二符号控制比特而选择性地提供或吸收。在此类实施方式中，如图1～图3所示的驱动器的多个实例可具有与所述端接电压源连接的相应传输线，并且该电压源经相应的端接阻抗元件Rterm提供VT。使用多传输线系统的该实施方式如图5所示。在一些实施方式中，所述方法还包括将单个电流源或电流吸收器在上述传输线和所述第二传输线之间切换。图4所示的切换电路可提供这一切换功能，其中，使用较少数目的电流源，而且将这些电流源在多条传输线当中的每条传输线之间切换。在一些实施方式中，所述线路电压设置为至少三个可能值当中的一值。
本申请中描述的例示信号电平、信号频率和物理尺寸出于解释目的，并不构成限制。其中，可采用各种不同的向量信令码，并以每线组更多或更少的线数、每线路更多或更少的信号电平数以及/或者不同的码字约束条件，对其进行传输。为了方便起见，本申请中将信号电平描述为电压，而非其等效电流值。
其他实施方式可采用不同的信令电平、连接拓扑结构、端接方法以及/或者包括光学性、电感性、电容性或电学性互连结构在内的其他物理接口。类似地，为了描述的清晰性，以上仅给出了基于从发射器到接收器的单向通信的实施例。然而，容易理解的是，根据某些实施方式，本发明还包括发射器/接收器组合实施例及双向通信实施例。
本文实施例描述了由并行的传输线互连结构所承载的向量信令码在芯片内和芯片间通信中的用途。然而，其中给出的例示性细节不应视为对所描述的实施方式的范围构成了限制。本申请中所公开的方法可等效适用于其他互连拓扑结构以及包括光学性、电容性、电感性以及无线通信介质在内的其他通信介质，这些拓扑结构和通信介质的采用可取决于所述实施方式的任何特征，这些特征包括但不限于，通信协议、信令方法及物理接口特征。因此，“电压”和“信号水平”等描述性用语应视为包括其在其他度量系统中的同等概念，如“电流”、“光强”、“射频调制”等。本文所使用的“信号”一词包括可传送信息的物理现象的任何适用形态和/或属性。此外，由此类信号传送的信息可以为有形信息和非暂时性信息。

Claims (15)

1.一种装置，其特征在于，包括：
连接至传输线的至少一个电流源，每个电流源选择性地开启以用来向所述传输线提供电流，从而将线路电压驱动至高于经端接阻抗元件连接至所述传输线的端接电压节点的端接电压，其中，所述至少一个电流源当中的每一个电流源均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗；以及
与所述传输线相连接的至少一个电流吸收器，每个电流吸收器选择性地开启以用来从所述传输线吸收电流，从而将线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压，所述至少一个电流吸收器当中的每一个电流吸收器均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，端接阻抗与所述传输线的所述特征阻抗相匹配。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括将至少一个所述电流源或至少一个所述电流吸收器连接至所述传输线的至少一个传输阻抗元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括将一电流源和一电流吸收器连接至所述传输线的至少一个传输阻抗。
5.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，电流源和电流吸收器中的每一个均含有相应的切换元件，所述切换元件设置为选择性地开启向所述传输线提供所述电流或从所述传输线吸收所述电流。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述电流源当中的至少一个电流源为经相应的所述切换元件连接至所述传输线的有源电流源。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述传输线对应于多线路总线中的单条线路，所述多线路总线中的每一线路均经相应的端接阻抗连接至所述端接电压节点。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括与单个电流源或电流吸收器连接的切换电路，所述切换电路设置为将所述单个电流源或电流吸收器连接至所述多线路总线中的一条或多条线路。
9.一种方法，其特征在于，包括：
获取标识向量信令码码字的符号的至少一个控制比特；
响应于所述至少一个控制比特的获取，通过如下方式在传输线上设置线路电压：
选择性地经至少一个电流源向所述传输线提供电流，以将线路电压驱动至高于经端接阻抗元件连接至所述传输线的端接电压节点的端接电压，其中，所述至少一个电流源当中的每一电流源均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗；以及
选择性地经至少一个电流吸收器从所述传输线吸收电流，以将线路电压驱动至低于所述端接电压，所述至少一个电流吸收器当中的每一电流吸收器均具有与所述传输线的特征阻抗不同的输出阻抗。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述端接阻抗元件与所述传输线的特征阻抗相匹配。
11.如权利要求9至10当中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一个所述电流源或至少一个所述电流吸收器经传输阻抗连接至所述传输线。
12.如权利要求9至11当中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，一电流源和一电流吸收器经共享的传输阻抗连接至所述传输线。
13.如权利要求9至12当中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，选择性地提供或吸收电流包括根据所述至少一个控制比特开启一个或多个切换元件。
14.如权利要求9至13当中任何一项所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括选择性地向经第二端接阻抗元件与所述端接电压节点相连接的第二传输线提供电流，或者从所述第二传输线吸收电流，其中，根据标识所述向量信令码码字的第二符号的控制比特来选择性地提供或吸收所述电流。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括将单个电流源或电流吸收器在所述传输线和所述第二传输线之间进行切换。
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US20180358967A1 (en) 2018-12-13
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