CN109069220A - 封堵装置 - Google Patents

封堵装置 Download PDF

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CN109069220A
CN109069220A CN201780024233.7A CN201780024233A CN109069220A CN 109069220 A CN109069220 A CN 109069220A CN 201780024233 A CN201780024233 A CN 201780024233A CN 109069220 A CN109069220 A CN 109069220A
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S·格里芬
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Cerus Endovascular Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
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Abstract

本文提供了一种封堵装置,其包括:(a)基本上实心的标记带,其具有内径和外径、近端和远端;以及(b)弹性网状物主体,其附接在所述标记带内,其中所述主体的长度为y,并且所述主体包括长度为x的附加的弹性网状物材料的团,y大于x,并且所述主体从所述标记带向远处延伸并且具有第一递送形状和第二可扩张的展开形状。本文还提供了一种套件,其包括本文公开的封堵装置和用于递送所述封堵装置的部件。还公开了本文所公开的封堵装置的制造和使用方法。

Description

封堵装置
技术领域
本发明一般涉及封堵装置和/或封堵装置系统和/或可植入的封堵装置领域,以及涉及左心耳(LAA)的治疗和/或改善的领域。
背景技术
左心耳(LAA)或左心耳廓或耳状骨或左心耳廓附件是从心脏的左心房突出的肌肉囊或风向标状结构。在房颤(AF)或二尖瓣疾病或其它心脏病症的疾病病理期间,在LAA中能够形成血凝块。例如,10%至20%的患有AF的患者会出现在LAA中有血凝块形成。现在已知作为AF的结果而形成的血凝块中的90%形成于LAA。Blackshear JL,Odell JA(1996年2月)《胸外科年鉴》(Ann.Thorac.Surg).61(2):755–9。该血凝块引起移动并成为栓塞材料的风险,这可能引起与中风或对身体器官的其它缺血性损伤相关的重大风险。因此,LAA封堵治疗技术是预防在AF或涉及在LAA中形成血凝块的其它疾病中中风的可行的选择。
LAA封堵是诸如香豆素型药物、基于肝素的药物、小分子抑制剂药物、基于抗凝血酶蛋白的药物等的血液凝固药物或抗凝血剂的替代治疗策略。归因于与先前出血、不顺从和/或怀孕相关的潜在问题,并非所有患者都是这类凝血药物的合适的受试者(在一项研究中17%的患者:Gottlieb LK,Salem-Schatz S(1994年9月)内科学文献(Arch.Intern.Med).154(17):1945–53),并且因此需要诸如使用封堵装置策略的其它治疗选择。
当前用于LAA封堵的装置通常包括可扩张的镍钛合金框等。一个这种基于导管的装置包括设计用于封堵LAA的主体和固定于主体的保持构件。然而,尽管使用这种装置比单独使用抗凝血剂导致更少的出血性中风,但是已知他们的缺点和局限诸如但不限于心包积液、LAA封闭、装置的移位、装置上形成血凝块、解剖学不相容和/或其组合。因此,需要本领域中的改进的封堵装置。
尽管例如在美国专利5,025,060;5,496,277;5,928,260;6,152,144;6,168,622;6,221,086;6,334,048;6,419,686;6,506,204;6,605,102;6,589,256;6,663,068;6,669,721;6,780,196;7,044,134;7,093,527;7,128,073;7,128,736;7,152,605;7,410,482;7,722,641;7,229,461;7,410,482;7,597,704;7,695,488;8,034,061;8,080,032;8,142,456;8,261,648;8,262,692;8,361,138;8,430,012;8,454,633;8,470,013;8,500,751;8,523,897;和8,535,343;以及美国专利申请2003/0195553;2004/0098027;2006/0167494;2006/0206199;2007/0288083;2008/0147100;2008/0221600;2010/0069948;2011/0046658;2012/0172973;2012/0283768;2012/0330341;2013/0035712;2013/0090682;2013/0197622;2013/0274868;和2014/0005714;欧洲申请EP 1651117;以及国际申请WO13/028579;WO13/109309;WO13/152327中轮廓可以找到这种封堵装置,但是这些参考文献均未公开本文公开的封堵装置的实施方式。
还参考共同拥有的美国专利申请14/699,188;其公开了用于治疗血管内疾病的装置并且其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
因此,本文公开的是在封堵装置领域中的创新改进和若干优点,由于本文公开的封堵装置提供LAA治疗和/或改善,同时促进装置周围更有效的内皮化。相应地,本文公开的改进的LAA封堵装置使对流入左心耳的血液的屏蔽最大化并捕获内部的任何凝块。另外,本文公开的封堵装置具有允许增强的组织整合和装置稳定性的开口网格密度(open meshdensity)。其它优点包括但不限于无需在LAA囊中放置大量线圈或框架线或镍钛合金笼以及与此相关的成本效益;与具有挑战性的解剖结构的较高水平的兼容性(所述解剖结构与在邻近LAA的左心房间隙中需要大量空间的当前装置不兼容);以及通过使用单个植入物显著节省时间的机会。
本文以及所参考的专利文献中引用的所有文献和参考通过引用并入本文。
发明内容
本发明人设计了一种用于提供LAA治疗的封堵装置。因此,本发明的封堵装置用于促进稳定性和装置周围更有效的内皮化并且被构造用于使对流入LAA的血液的屏蔽最大化并捕获内部的任何凝块。
本文公开的是一种封堵装置,其包括:(a)基本上实心的标记带,其具有内径和外径、近端和远端;以及(b)弹性网状物主体,其附接在所述标记带内,其中所述主体的长度为y,并且所述主体包括长度为x的附加的弹性网状物材料的团(bolus),y大于x,并且所述主体从所述标记带向远处延伸并且所述主体具有第一递送形状和第二可扩张的展开形状。
在一个实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体包括双层网状物。在进一步的实施方式中,所述双层网状物是周向折叠的双层网状物。
在一个实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体具有用于增强的组织整合和所述封堵装置的稳定性的开口网格密度。
在另一实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体和所述附加的弹性网状物材料的团是不同的金属。
在另一实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体由超级弹性材料构成。在进一步的实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体由镍钛合金构成。在另一实施方式中,所述弹性网状物主体由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。
在另一实施方式中,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由超级弹性材料构成。在进一步的实施方式中,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由镍钛合金构成。在另一实施方式中,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。
在另一实施方式中,所述标记带包括刚性构件。
在另一实施方式中,所述标记带包括从由环、套环(collar)和缝线(suture)构成的组中选择的刚性构件。
在另一实施方式中,所述标记带被增强。
在另一实施方式中,所述封堵装置是左心耳(LAA)封堵装置。
本文还公开了一种套件,其包括本文所公开的封堵装置和用于展开封堵装置的递送部件。
本文另外公开了用于制造和/或递送和/或展开本文公开的封堵装置的方法。
在其它实施方式中,前述段落中的封堵装置可以包含任何前述或随后公开的实施方式。
本发明内容不旨在以任何方式限定技术方案也不旨在限制本发明的范围。
本发明的其它特征和优点将从以下附图、具体实施方式和技术方案中变得明显。
附图说明
图1示出了本文所公开的用于LAA治疗的封堵装置的实施方式的截面。
图2示出了本文所公开的在LAA囊或腔中展开的封堵装置的实施方式。
具体实施方式
在附图和说明中解释本发明,其中为相同的元件分配相同的附图标记。然而,虽然在附图中示出了特定的实施方式,但不旨在使本发明限于具体的实施方式或所公开的实施方式。而是,本发明旨在覆盖落在本发明的主旨和范围内的所有变型、可选的结构和等同物。因此,附图旨在为说明性的而非限制性的。
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术术语具有本技术所属领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。
本文公开的LAA封堵装置的示例实施方式提供了LAA的治疗和/或改善。经由导管或其它递送模式将这种封堵装置在血管内递送到LAA部位(囊和/或腔),使得封堵装置的展开形状形成至少密封LAA囊的开口和/或内部的衬里,基本上实心的标记带穿过LAA囊或腔的开口,同时促进装置周围更有效的内皮化。
在本文所公开的封堵装置的示例性递送方法中,将导管引入具有左心耳(LAA)的左心房间隙中,LAA中形成有一个血凝块或多个血凝块。LAA通常包括LAA的开口(或颈部)以及LAA的肌肉囊或腔。导管尖端位于邻近LAA的开口处使得能够展开封堵装置。本文所公开的封堵装置由能够以低轮廓的方式、以倒置的蘑菇的方式扩张的弹性网状物构成,以便有效地排列在LAA囊的内部从而通过促进装置周围的内皮化来封堵LAA。
为了本文所公开的目的,术语“低轮廓”是指装置的弹性网状物主体在自由空气中的高度为其自身宽度的大约10%至20%,并因此在其展开形状中、即使是扩张的弹性网状物主体也如同倒置的蘑菇那样以平坦的方式抵靠着LAA腔的组织壁齐平放置,使得弹性网状物主体定位成至少部分地覆盖LAA腔的内表面。由此LAA囊或腔的开口和/或内部被密封,从而封堵LAA。
为了本文所公开的目的,术语“对应于”是指彼此相对应的对象之间存在功能和/或机械关系。例如,封堵装置递送系统对应于用于其展开的封堵装置(或与用于其展开的封堵装置兼容)。
为了本文所公开的目的,术语“封堵装置”是指和/或可以与诸如但不限于“装置”或“封堵装置系统”或“封堵系统”或“系统”或“封堵装置植入物”或“植入物”等的术语互换。
封堵装置递送系统在本领域中是公知的并且容易获得的。例如,这种递送技术可以在不限于如下的文献中找到:美国专利和公开4,991,602;5,067,489;6,833,003;2006/0167494;以及2007/0288083;这些的各个教导均并入本文。为了本发明的目的,任意类型的封堵装置递送部件和/或递送系统和/或递送技术和/或递送机构和/或分离(和/或附接)部件和/或分离系统和/或分离技术和/或分离机构可以以使其与本文所公开的封堵装置兼容(以便相对应)的方式被采用和/或修改。示例性封堵装置递送机构和/或系统包括但不限于引导线、推杆线、导管、微导管等。示例性封堵装置分离机构包括但不限于流体压力、电解机构、液压机构、互锁机构等。在一个实施方式中,将本文所公开的封堵装置用于电解分离的方法中。电解分离在本领域中是公知的并且能够在例如美国专利5,122,136;5,423,829;5,624,449;5,891,128;6,123,714;6,589,230和6,620,152中找到。
图1至图2绘示了本文所公开的封堵装置的示例性实施方式。
图1示出了如本文所公开的用于促进装置周围更有效的内皮化的封堵装置的示例性实施方式。本文所公开的封堵装置由弹性网状物构成,弹性网状物能够扩张以有效地衬(或覆盖)在LAA囊的内部,从而通过促进装置周围的内皮化来封堵LAA。本文的封堵装置包括弹性网状物主体20,弹性网状物主体20包括周向折叠的单层网状物以形成双层网状物。该主体20从标记带40向远处延伸并具有长度y。双层网状物的端部附接在标记带40内。在一个实施方式中,网状物的端部附接在标记带40的近端90处并且主体20向远处延伸。在另一实施方式中,网状物的端部附接在远端100处并且主体20向远处延伸。主体20内包括长度为x的弹性网状物材料团30(附加的网状物块)。在本文公开和图示的封堵装置的该示例性构造中,y大于x。即使在装置的扩张或展开形状中,主体20也保持相对于LAA囊50的低轮廓形状并且装置的主体20在展开时位于LAA囊50内(并且衬于LAA组织壁70)。如本领域所接受的,在自由空气中测量该封堵装置的长度的x和y测量值。封堵装置主体20的长度(y)的示例性范围是大约20毫米(mm)至50毫米(mm)并且包括在主体20内的团30的示例性长度(x)小于长度y的值。在一个实施方式中,弹性网状物主体20附接在基本上实心的标记带40内/中并且主体20从标记带40向远处延伸。标记带40相对于主体20的这种构造赋予装置密封LAA的开口80的能力并因此有效地封堵LAA。
图2示出了如本文所公开的在LAA囊50中展开用于治疗和/或改善LAA的封堵装置的示例性实施方式。如图1和图2示出的这种构造赋予装置密封LAA囊的开口80的能力并且有效地封堵LAA。在本实施方式中,装置的网状物主体20以低轮廓的方式衬于LAA壁70(以倒置的蘑菇的方式平坦地抵靠着LAA壁70放置)。因此,即使在本文所公开的以及图2中也示出的装置的展开形状中,距离y也大于距离x。在一个实施方式中,使用尺寸为12F或更小的导管用于本文所公开的装置的展开。在另一实施方式中,使用通过邻近LAA的左心房间隙经由电解线的电解递送和/或展开和/或分离用于本文公开的装置。诸如美国专利5,122,136中公开的那些的电解分离部件和方法在本领域是公知的。
装置的主体20的低轮廓展开形状提供用于封堵装置的锚而不会不利地干扰流过左心房间隙的流体。此作用机构允许网状物主体20的双层,该双层能够在其展开形式中以倒置的蘑菇的方式扩张,以衬于LAA囊50的内壁70并通过由网状物主体20和网状物主体内的附加网状物的团30产生的开口网状物密度促进内皮生长。由于这种构造使对流入LAA的血液的屏蔽最大化并捕获内部的任何凝块60,所以装置周围的内皮化和/或装置的主体20周围的内皮生长被触发。主体的双网状物层20/30内的网状物的团30的组合使装置在LAA中起到有效屏蔽的作用,即作为进一步减小血流的在植入物的帽处的增强的覆盖区域。这种装置还起到了稳定器的作用并且防止了在扩张期间通过网状物传递移动或力。这具有若干优点,包括但不限于对装置锚固、提供不受干扰的流体流和/或促进穿过LAA的开口80的新生血管内膜发育,所有这些都不需要左心房间隙中的任何附加材料(网状物或其它材料)。因此,除了网状物主体20之外没有附加的网状物材料组分,其中网状物主体20包括主体20内的附加网状物的团30并且网状物主体20从为了在LAA内锚固或稳定装置所必需的标记带40延伸。
如果凝块60的尺寸或质量引起患者的疼痛或其它副作用,这种构造促进了LAA的开口80的密封并因此促进了LAA囊50的凝块60的形成和/或愈合和/或收缩,这是特别有利的。这种构造也是有利的,因为它要求最小量的弹性网状物材料从而无需以球形、径向扩张的方式填充或基本上填充LAA囊50中的空间。这种封堵装置也非常适合于广泛的LAA形态的适应性,特别是由于众所周知且普遍认为LAA在尺寸上变化很大并且形状并非完美的圆形。有利地,由于本文所公开的封堵装置具有最少的或比当前标准装置少的材料,这使对抗凝血疗法的需求最小化以及/或者减小了凝块栓塞形成的风险。
在本文公开的封堵装置的另一实施方式中,弹性网状物的弹性网状物主体20包括诸如但不限于72镍钛合金(NiTi)线网股编织构造的线网股或编织物的相对均匀的分布。在其它实施方式中,封堵装置包括范围从36到144的NiTi股编织构造的线网股或编织物。
在本文公开的封堵装置的另一实施方式中,容纳于主体20内的附加弹性网状物的团30包括诸如但不限于72镍钛合金(NiTi)线网股编织构造的线网股或编织物的相对均匀的分布。在其它实施方式中,封堵装置的团30包括范围从36到144的NiTi股编织构造的线网股或编织物。在一个实施方式中,装置的主体20的弹性网状物包括与主体20内的团30的附加弹性网状物内的(多种)金属相比不同的(多种)金属。
在另一实施方式中,内团30的网格密度是双层网状物并且比其主体20的外双层网状物的网格密度大(或高)。
本文公开的封堵装置构造有足以以作为血管内的内皮细胞支架或横过LAA的开口80的方式起作用的网格密度的弹性网状物材料并由此减少大约60%的血流以触发LAA的凝块形成和/或愈合。为了本发明的目的,术语“网格密度”是指网状物装置的孔隙度水平或金属与开口面积的比例。网格密度涉及网状物的开口或孔的数量和尺寸以及在开口或孔的开度在递送和展开之间变化的情况下孔打开或关闭的程度。通常,弹性网状物材料的高网格密度区域具有大约70%或更大的金属区域和大约60%或更小的开口面积。
在一个实施方式中,弹性网状物主体20具有用于增强的组织整合和/或封堵装置的稳定的“开口网格密度”。开口网格密度大于网状物中约40%的开口面积。已知开口网格密度具有低数量(通常在大约40和80之间)的每英寸纬数(PPI)以代表网状物层的孔隙度。PPI是在线性英寸中编织材料的重复交叉数。通常在大约100和180之间的高的重复数(或PPI)是网状物密集的指示。低的重复数(或PPI)是网状物多孔(开口)的指示。在附加的实施方式中,弹性网状物主体20由诸如但不限于镍钛合金的超弹性材料构成。在另一实施方式中,弹性网状物主体20由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。在其它实施方式中,当主体网状物20由镍钛合金构成时,主体网状物20内的团30由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。在其它实施方式中,当主体20由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成时,主体20内的团30由镍钛合金构成。DFT铂芯镍钛合金用于增强装置在展开和植入期间的可视化。
图1和图2还示出了本发明的封堵装置上的具有近端90和远端100的标记带40的位置。标记40附接于封堵装置的主体20并且主体从标记带40的远端100延伸。在图2中,标记带20的近端90示出为以桥的方式横跨待治疗的LAA的开口80地载置,当与包括附加网状物的团30的低轮廓14弹性网状物主体20的性质组合时,产生了开口网格密度效应从而促进装置周围更有效的内皮化。其它优点包括无需并入从标记带向近端延伸的附加的网状物材料以密封LAA的开口80或在左心房间隙中锚固装置。另外,将标记带40的近端90定位成横跨LAA的开口80地载置有利地提供了装置的充分可恢复性。
在本文公开的装置的一个实施方式中,导管(或微导管)的线圈缠绕芯线(或引导线)附接于标记带40内的远端90到双层网状物的主体20的端部处。线圈缠绕保持恒定的直径(φ)以免影响递送导管或微导管或引导线的柔性或刚性。在特定实施方式中,氟化乙烯丙烯(FEP)热收缩管包住芯线的线圈缠绕部分。能够使用医疗装置领域中许多容易获得并且公知的附接技术用于将芯线的远端附接到标记带40内和/或附接到封堵装置或植入物。这种已知的技术还用于将弹性网状物主体20的端部附接到标记带40和/或附接于标记带40中/内。这种附接技术包括但不限于粘接剂、激光熔化、激光粘合、点焊和/或连续焊接。在一个实施方式中,使用粘接剂用于将芯线的远端附接到标记带40内。在另一实施方式中,使用粘接剂用于将弹性网状物主体20的端部附接到标记带40和/或附接于标记带40中/内。在进一步实施方式中,粘接剂是通过施加热或紫外线(UV)辐射而固化或硬化的环氧树脂材料。在更进一步的实施方式中,环氧树脂是热固化的双组分环氧树脂,诸如从EpoxyTechnology,Inc.,14Fortune Drive,Billerica,Mass可获得的353ND-4。在附加的实施方式中,这种粘接剂或环氧树脂材料封装标记带40内的芯线的接合点并增加接合点的机械稳定性。
在另一实施方式中,在装置展开期间或之后,线圈缠绕芯线在芯线自身的电解分离部位(或区域)处以如下方式分离本文公开的装置:使得芯线通过在标记带40的基部处的电解作用而被切断或溶解。于是该作用将封堵装置释放和/或放置到待治疗的LAA中。
在一个实施方式中,本文公开的封堵装置的标记带40是诸如但不限于实心环的基本上实心的套环或刚性构件,该实心环由诸如但不限于金、铂、不锈钢和或/其组合的材料构成。在另一实施方式中,能够使用诸如但不限于金、铂、铂/铱合金和/或其组合的不透射线的材料。这种标记40提供了装置在递送和放置期间的可视化。标记40的硬度有助于赋予LAA内的装置的稳定性并且通过装置的弹性网状物防止移动或力的传递,从而防止装置的错位或意外的移动。标记40还构造有接合点(芯线在标记40内的附接点)以协作并且从对应的递送部件释放或者附接到对应的递送部件,递送部件诸如但不限于递送导管或引导线和/或推杆线技术。还有利地提供了本文所公开的装置的充分可恢复性。
在另一实施方式中,基本上实心的标记带40包括不透射线的材料(诸如但不限于铂、金、铂/铱合金和/或其组合)以促进递送、放置和/或展开期间封堵装置在荧光透视下的可视化。标记40包括近端90和远端100。弹性网状物的各臂20附接于标记带40并且从标记带40的远端100延伸。在一个实施方式中,标记带40可以构造成影响封堵装置扩张时弹性网状物主体20的形状、直径和/或曲率。标记40可以设计为各种形状来影响封堵装置的整体轮廓以确保扩张的/展开的封堵装置适当的贴合在LAA囊50内。
在本文公开的封堵装置的一些实施方式中,标记带40是诸如环、套环(诸如压扁的或平坦的套环)、带或缝线(诸如聚合物缝线)的刚性构件。这种“基本上实心”或“刚性构件”起到用于聚集装置的主体20的端部的夹点(pinch point)的作用。在进一步的实施方式中,标记带40被增强并因此装置的网状物横过标记带40以提供从LAA开口80到LAA囊50的内表面上的连续的轮廓。这种增强的标记带40包括如下的材料:包括但不限于塑性可变形且形状记忆的弹性网状物材料、线编织网状物材料(包括各种网状物编织构造,诸如但不限于2股上-1股下、1股下-1股上、1股上-2股下等)、激光切割网状物材料和/或其组合。
基本上实心的标记带40通过提供刚性构件以调动(maneuver)到颈部中从而促进了邻近LAA的开口80的封堵装置的递送和定位。另外,在一些实施方式中,基本上实心的标记带40提供荧光透视下的可视性,从而允许装置的更精准的可视化和精确的放置。
在特定的实施方式中,本文公开的封堵装置的弹性网状物能够填充有诸如但不限于液体试剂和/或颗粒的栓塞材料以促使LAA的凝块和封闭。液体试剂和颗粒的示例包括但不限于明胶泡沫、聚乙烯醇颗粒、三丙烯酰基明胶微球、N-丁基-2-氰基丙烯酸酯、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物、藻酸钙凝胶、无水乙醇等。
在其它实施方式中,本文公开的封堵装置可以进一步并入本领域中公知的附属元件和/或构件和/或与本领域中公知的附属元件和/或构件一起使用,诸如线圈技术、框架线圈、栓塞剂、附加的标记、聚合物、吸收剂聚合物和/或其组合。
用于封堵装置的设计和/或制造的弹性网状物材料易于获得并被相关领域中的技术人员所熟知。因此,弹性网状物材料的范围包括各种可获得的材料,诸如但不限于镍钛(镍钛合金或称为NiTi)、不锈钢、聚合物和/或其组合。示例性的已知的生物医学聚合族包括但不限于诸如聚磷腈、聚酸酐、聚缩醛、聚(原酸酯)、聚磷酸酯(polyphosphoesters)、聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚乳酸、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺等聚合物和/或其组合(参见例如J Polym Sci BPolym Phys.作者的手稿;可在2012年6月15日的PMC中获得)。
在一个示例性实施方式中,弹性网状物材料由诸如但不限于尼龙、聚丙烯或聚酯纤维的聚合物材料的编织股(woven strand)形成。聚合物股能够填充有不透射线的材料,该不透射线的材料允许医师治疗动脉瘤以使装置在脉管系统内的定位荧光透视可视化。不透射线的填充材料优选包括三氧化二铋、钨、二氧化钛或硫酸钡,或者诸如碘的不透射线染料。弹性网状物材料能够由不透射线材料的股形成。不透射线材料的股允许医师和/或放射科医师使网状物的定位荧光透视可视化而无需使用填充的聚合物材料。这种不透射线材料的股可以由诸如但不限于金、铂、铂/铱合金和或其组合的材料形成。在一个实施方式中,弹性网状物的材料由10%至20%铂芯NiTi构成。在另一实施方式中,弹性网状物材料由10%铂芯NiTi、15%铂芯NiTi或20%铂芯NiTi构成。10%铂芯NiTi的构造足以提供封堵装置在x射线下的重影。
这样构成的具有不透射线的芯和非不透射线的外层或外壳的组合线或复合线易于获得并在医疗装置和金属领域中作为(拉伸填充管)线、线缆或带而被熟知。线是构造成将两种或更多材料的期望的物理和机械特征结合到单线中的金属对金属的复合材料。通过将更加不透射线但更加有延展性的材料放置在线的芯中,NiTi外层能够提供具有与100%NiTi线类似的机械性质的所得到的复合线。线可以从FortWayne Metals Corp.,Fort Wayne,Ind.,U.S.A获得。还参见例如通过引用并入本文的2002年10月的Advanced Materials&Processes中的作者Schaffer的题为Biocompatible Wire的期刊文章第51-54页。
在弹性网状物材料由不透射线的金属股形成的情况下,股可以覆盖有聚合物涂层或突起。不透射线的金属股上的涂层或突起提供了荧光透视的可视化并且还增加了股对弯曲疲劳的抵抗力并且还可以增加股的润滑能力。在一个实施方式中,用诸如肝素的趋于抗凝块的药剂涂覆或处理聚合物涂层或突起。这种抗凝块的涂层通常是已知的。聚合物涂层或突起能够是任意适当的可突出的聚合物或者诸如或聚氨酯的能够应用于薄涂层中的任意聚合物。
在另一实施方式中,使用金属和聚合物编织股两者形成弹性网状物材料的股。将金属股与聚合物股组合成编织物改变了网状物的柔性特征。使这种网状物部分展开和/或折叠所需的力比使仅包括金属网状物股的网状物部分展开和/或折叠所需的力显著减小。然而,保留了用于荧光透视的可视化的网状物的不透射线特征。形成这种装置的金属股包括但不限于不锈钢、金、铂、铂/铱合金、镍钛合金和/或其组合。形成该装置的聚合物股能够包括尼龙、聚丙烯、聚酯纤维、和/或其组合。此外,能够利用诸如但不限于通过使用金沉积到聚合物股上、或通过使用适当的金属离子的离子束等离子体沉积到聚合物股上的已知技术使网状物材料的聚合物股化学改性以使该聚合物股不透射线。
还能够利用改变的直径和/或改变的柔性的长丝或股形成弹性网状物材料。通过改变聚合物股的尺寸和柔性,也能够改变网状物展开时的柔性特征。通过改变柔性特征,弹性网状物主体20的展开和折叠构造均能够改变或变化为基本上任何期望的形状。
网状物不仅能够由聚合物股或长丝以及金属股或长丝两者形成,而且还能够使用不同聚合物材料的长丝形成网状物。例如,具有不同柔性特征的不同聚合物材料能够用于形成网状物。这更改了装置的柔性特征从而改变了所得的网状物主体20在展开和折叠位置两者中的构造。这种生物医学聚合物在本领域中是易于得知和可获得的,并且能够衍生自如下聚合物族:诸如但不限于聚磷腈、聚酸酐、聚缩醛、聚(原酸酯)、聚磷酸酯,聚己内酯、聚氨酯、聚乳酸、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺和/或其组合。
适于在装置内使用的弹性网状物材料可以采用扁平的编织片、针织片或激光切割线网状物的形式。通常,材料应当包括两组或更多组的大致平行的股,其中一组平行股相对于另一组平行股位于45度到135度的节距处。在一些实施方式中,形成网状物材料的两组平行股大致彼此垂直。可以优化网状物材料的节距和整体结构以满足封堵装置的性能需求。
本发明中使用的金属织物的线股应当由弹性且能够被热处理的材料形成以基本上设置期望的形状。被认为适于该目的的材料包括在封堵装置的领域中称作(可以从Eligiloy Specialty Metals,Elgin,Illinois获得)的钴基低热膨胀合金、来自Haynes International的市场上可获得的商品名称为的镍基高温高强度“超级合金”、International Nickel的以为名称出售的镍基可热处理的合金以及许多不同等级的不锈钢。选择线的合适材料的重要因素是当经受预定的热处理时线保持由成型面(或者如下所述的形状记忆)导致的适当量的变形。
满足这些条件的一类材料是所谓的形状记忆合金。这种合金趋于具有温度诱导相变,这将导致材料具有优选的构造,该构造能够通过以高于特定的相变温度加热材料来诱导材料的相变而被固定。当该合金被冷却时,合金将“记住”其在热处理期间的形状,并且将趋于呈现相同和/或相似的构造,除非被限制这样做。
用于本发明的一种特殊的形状记忆合金是镍钛合金(镍和钛的近似化学计量合金),其也可以包括其它少量的其它金属以实现期望的性质。包括适当成分和处理要求的诸如镍钛合金的NiTi合金在本领域中是公知的并且这种合金不需要在这里详细讨论。例如,美国专利5,067,489和4,991,602讨论了基于导线的技术中的形状记忆NiTi合金的使用,其教导通过引用并入本文。这种NiTi合金至少部分地是优选的,因为它们是市场上可获得的并且在处理这种合金方面比其它已知的形状记忆合金更为人所熟知。NiTi合金也是非常有弹性的。实际上,据说NiTi合金被称为“超弹性”或“伪弹性”。该弹性将帮助本文公开的封堵装置恢复到先前的用于其展开的扩张构造。
线股能够包括所选材料的标准单丝,即可以使用标准线材。在一些实施方式中,可以使用72线股和/或72股编织构造。在其它实施方式中,封堵装置包括范围从36到144NiTi股编织构造的线网股或编织物。但是,如果期望的话,则各个线股可以通过由多根单线构成的“线缆”形成。例如,由若干根线绕着中央线螺旋缠绕的金属线形成的线缆是市场上可获得的并且能够购买到外径为0.003英寸或更小的NiTi线缆。特定线缆的一个优点是该线缆趋于比具有相同直径和由相同材料形成的单丝线“软”。另外,线缆的使用能够增加线股的有效表面积,这将趋于促进血栓形成。
在一些实施方式中,弹性网状物可以由相同材料均匀地形成;然而这种材料可以具有不同的针织、缝合、编织和/或切割构造。
在其它实施方式中,当相应地缩放时,本文公开的封堵装置能够被用于诸如治疗和/或改善动脉瘤、特别是大且不规则尺寸的动脉瘤的血管内介入技术,并促进装置周围更有效的内皮化。在这方面,参考通过引用并入本文的共同拥有的美国专利申请14/699,188。另外,当相应地缩放时,本文公开的封堵装置能够用于外周血管栓塞的过程(在本领域中公知的并且已知涉及远离特定血管点的血流停止的过程),例如,在治疗和/或改善外周动脉或静脉病理和/或需要用于治疗的血管封堵的任意相关的病理中。
本发明的封堵装置可以包含对于在封堵装置领域中的技术人员而言显而易见的合理的设计参数、特征、变型、优点和变化。

Claims (17)

1.一种封堵装置,其包括:(a)基本上实心的标记带,其具有内径和外径、近端和远端;以及(b)弹性网状物主体,其附接在所述标记带内,其中所述主体的长度为y,并且所述主体包括长度为x的附加的弹性网状物材料的团,y大于x,并且所述主体从所述标记带向远处延伸并且具有第一递送形状和第二可扩张的展开形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述主体包括周向折叠的双层网状物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述主体具有用于增强的组织整合和/或所述封堵装置的稳定性的开口网格密度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状物主体和所述附加的弹性网状物材料的团是不同的金属。
5.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状物主体由超级弹性材料构成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状物主体由镍钛合金构成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述弹性网状物主体由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由超级弹性材料构成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由镍钛合金构成。
10.根据权利要求8所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述附加的弹性网状物的团由DFT铂芯镍钛合金构成。
11.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述标记带包括刚性构件。
12.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述标记带包括从由环、套环和缝线构成的组中选择的刚性构件。
13.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述标记带被增强。
14.根据权利要求1所述的封堵装置,其特征在于,所述封堵装置是左心耳封堵装置,即LAA封堵装置。
15.一种用于治疗或改善患者的左心耳,即LAA的方法,所述方法包括:
i)将封堵装置递送到LAA,其中所述装置包括(a)基本上实心的标记带,其具有内径和外径、近端和远端;以及(b)弹性网状物主体,其附接在所述标记带内,其中所述主体的长度为y,并且所述主体包括长度为x的附加的弹性网状物材料的团,y大于x,并且所述主体从所述标记带向远处延伸并且具有第一递送形状和第二可扩张的展开形状;以及
ii)在所述LAA中展开所述封堵装置,从而治疗或改善患者的LAA。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括使用电解线通过邻近所述LAA的左心房间隙展开所述装置。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括利用导管展开所述装置。
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