CN108883048A - 用于侵入性和非侵入性程序性护肤的组合物和方法 - Google Patents
用于侵入性和非侵入性程序性护肤的组合物和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108883048A CN108883048A CN201780022293.5A CN201780022293A CN108883048A CN 108883048 A CN108883048 A CN 108883048A CN 201780022293 A CN201780022293 A CN 201780022293A CN 108883048 A CN108883048 A CN 108883048A
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于护肤治疗的组合物和方法。本发明更一般地涉及皮肤护理治疗,并且更具体地涉及用于促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生、皮肤修复、皮肤床准备以及伤口愈合增强的组合物和方法。
Description
相关申请的援引并入
在申请数据表中确定的任何和所有优先权要求,或其任何更正,均根据37CFR1.57通过引用并入于此。本申请要求2016年2月4日提交的美国临时申请号62/291,376和2016年3月3日提交的美国临时申请号62/303,332的权益。上述申请中的每一个均通过引用以其全文并入本文,并且每个申请在此明确地作为本说明书的一部分。上述申请通过引用以其全文并入本文,并且在此明确地作为本说明书的一部分。
发明领域
本发明提供了用于护肤治疗的组合物和方法,包括用于皮肤修复、促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生和伤口愈合增强的组合物和方法。
背景技术
据估计,到2017年,侵入性皮肤手术行业如整容手术、面部美容和医疗激光将扩大到30亿美元。由于这一显著的行业增长,对于有效促进皮肤再生和减轻侵入性皮肤治疗负面副作用的护肤治疗的需求也在迅速增长。这些负面副作用通常是缓慢和无效的皮肤再生或伤口愈合的结果,其产生长时间的炎症、皮肤过敏、瘢痕形成、瘀伤、皮肤干燥、感染以及其他不幸的皮肤状况。
用于减轻这些负面副作用的传统护肤治疗主要依赖于各种常见的非处方药。这些常见的术后药物和非处方药包括护肤产品如面部和身体乳液、护肤霜、凡士林或基于凡士林的产品、黄油、皮肤保湿剂以及各种其他治疗产品。然而,这些常见的药物通常可能主要对治疗一种特定的副作用有效,如皮肤干燥,而对治疗其他负面副作用可能没有显著的效果。此外,市场上许多广泛的护肤产品均专注于治疗伤口愈合缓慢的症状,但不会增强或促进皮肤自身再生。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生增强、伤口愈合和治疗其他皮肤状况的组合物和方法。这些组合物优选地包含两种不同的肽:二肽、三肽或四肽与五肽、六肽或七肽的组合。所述肽组合能有效促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生、伤口愈合,以及治疗或改善各种其他皮肤状况。本发明还提供了制备和使用所述组合物的方法。
因此,在第一方面,提供了用于促进皮肤修复的局部组合物,该局部组合物包含:一种或多种二肽、三肽或四肽;和一种或多种五肽、六肽或七肽。
在第二方面,提供了一种在皮肤病治疗之前准备皮肤床的方法,该方法包括:将所述第一方面的局部组合物施加至皮肤床,由此准备所述皮肤床以用于随后的皮肤病治疗,其中在所述皮肤病治疗之前将所述局部组合物施加至所述皮肤床促进皮肤病治疗之后受损皮肤的愈合。
在所述第二方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部组合物每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床。
在所述第二方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部组合物每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床。
在所述第二方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前首先施加至少两周。
在所述第二方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前首先施加至少四周。
在第三方面,提供了一种用于在皮肤病治疗之后促进皮肤修复的方法,该方法包括:将所述第一方面中的局部组合物施加至由皮肤病治疗损伤的皮肤,由此促进所述受损皮肤的愈合。
在所述第三方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部制剂每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床。
在所述第三方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部制剂每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床。
在所述第三方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部制剂在所述皮肤病治疗之后首先施加至少两周。
在所述第三方面的一个实施方案中,所述第一方面中的局部制剂在所述皮肤病治疗之后首先施加至少四周。
在所述第三方面的一个实施方案中,该方法进一步包括:在所述皮肤病治疗之前将所述第一方面中的局部组合物施加至皮肤床。例如,所述第一方面中的局部组合物每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床,或每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床,或者在所述皮肤病治疗之前首先施加至少两周,或者在所述皮肤病治疗之前首先施加至少四周。
在所述第二方面或第三方面的方法的一个实施方案或任何它们各自的实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗为激光治疗。
在所述第二方面或第三方面的方法的一个实施方案或任何它们各自的实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗为化学剥脱术。
在所述第二方面或第三方面的方法的一个实施方案或任何它们各自的实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗是针对光化性角化病的治疗。
在所述第二方面或第三方面的方法的一个实施方案或任何它们各自的实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗是用于减少衰老迹象的治疗。
在第四方面,提供了一种用于促进皮肤修复的局部组合物,该局部组合物包含棕榈酰三肽-1和棕榈酰六肽-12。
在所述第四方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物进一步包含十一烯酸庚酯。
在第五方面,提供了一种无水局部组合物,该无水局部组合物包含磷脂酰丝氨酸、橄榄苦苷和辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷,其中所述局部组合物的粘度为10000cPs至25000cPs,并且其中所述无水局部组合物具有在-10℃至25℃的三个温度测试循环中保持稳定性的能力。
在第六方面,提供了一种用于促进皮肤修复的局部组合物,该局部组合物包含:82-92wt.%的环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物;1-4wt.%的十一烯酸庚酯;0.01-0.06wt.%的棕榈酰六肽-12;0.01-0.06wt.%棕榈酰三肽-1;0.25-1wt.%的辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷;0.05-0.1wt.%的磷脂酰丝氨酸/卵磷脂以及0.05-0.1wt.%的橄榄苦苷。
在所述第六方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物包含:2-5wt.%的包含棕榈酰六肽-12的第一载体,所述第一载体进一步包含季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、碳酸丙烯酯和司拉氯铵水辉石,其中所述载体中所述棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度为100ppm;2-5wt.%的包含棕榈酰三肽-1的第二载体,所述第二载体进一步包含季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、碳酸丙烯酯和司拉氯铵水辉石,其中所述载体中所述棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度为100ppm。
在所述第六方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物进一步包含:1-4wt.%的泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素;1-4wt.%的山金车蒙大拿提取物;以及0.5-2wt.%的杜氏盐藻提取物。
在第七方面,提供了一种在皮肤病治疗之前准备皮肤床的方法,该方法包括:将所述第四至第六方面中任一方面的局部组合物施加至皮肤床,由此准备所述皮肤床以用于损伤皮肤的皮肤病治疗,从而促进所述皮肤病治疗之后受损皮肤的愈合。
在所述第七方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
在所述第七方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床至少四周。
在第八方面,提供了一种在皮肤病治疗之后促进皮肤修复的方法,该方法包括:将所述第四至第七方面中任一方面的局部组合物施加至由皮肤病治疗损伤的皮肤,由此促进所述受损皮肤的愈合。
在所述第八方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
在所述第八方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床至少四周。
在第九方面,提供了一种在皮肤病治疗之前准备皮肤床的方法,该方法包括:将所述第四至第七方面中任一方面的局部组合物施加至皮肤床,由此准备所述皮肤床以用于损伤皮肤的皮肤病治疗;之后将所述局部组合物施加至由皮肤病治疗损伤的皮肤,由此促进所述受损皮肤的愈合。
在所述第九方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
在所述第九方面的一个实施方案中,所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少两次施加至所述皮肤床至少四周。
在所述第七至第九方面中任一方面的一个实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗为激光治疗。
在所述第七至第九方面中任一方面的一个实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗为化学剥脱术。
在所述第七至第九方面中任一方面的一个实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗是针对光化性角化病的治疗。
在所述第七至第九方面中任一方面的一个实施方案中,所述皮肤病治疗是用于减少衰老迹象的治疗。
任何方面的实施方案的任何特征适用于本文中确定的所有其他方面和实施方案。此外,任何方面的实施方案的任何特征可以部分地或全部地与本文所述的其他实施方案以任何方式独立组合,例如,一个、两个或三个或更多个实施方案可以整体或部分组合。此外,任何方面的实施方案的任何特征可以对其他方面或实施方案是可选的。
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图1是肽的示例性组合对刺激和恢复皮肤中弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白水平起作用的机制的示意图描述。
图2示意性地描绘了三肽通过增加的胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白合成、阻断铁蛋白释放氧化铁、吸引愈合细胞如毛细血管细胞和巨噬细胞以及通过重建新的血液流向损伤部位而对促进皮肤再生的影响。
图3示意性地描绘了六肽通过诱导弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白产生、成纤维细胞增殖、细胞外基质的再生以及成纤维细胞角化细胞迁移而对促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合的影响。
图4A-4C描绘了对于使用双肽治疗与对照治疗的治疗,人类受试者伤口愈合进展的结果,该伤口在他或她的前臂上包含3mm铒CO2激光光斑。
图5A提供了比较双肽治疗与治疗和对照治疗的激光伤口研究的结壳/结痂数据。图5B-D是第4天时对于三个不同伤口的伤口外观的照片,每个伤口用双肽(图5B)、对照治疗(图5C)或(图5D)进行处理。
图6A-B提供了关于伤口外观(图6A)和结壳/结痂(图6B)的数据,该研究评估了在激光皮肤手术之前用双肽预处理两周和术后用双肽或治疗的伤口愈合益处。图6C是伤口双肽治疗后第9天的伤口图像,而图6D是伤口治疗后第9天的伤口图像。
图7A-C是激光治疗前、激光治疗后4天和激光治疗后9天的患者照片,其中双肽预处理和后处理与利用由Lumenis,Inc.,Santa Clara,CA制造的Encore ActiveFXTMCO2激光器的激光治疗结合使用。
图8描绘了比较暴露于双肽组合组合物或对照的成纤维细胞单层的弹性蛋白mRNA的研究结果。
图9是显示针对MMP-2的明胶分解活性(峰面积/μg蛋白质)随时间变化的图。
图10示出了显示明胶分解活性(峰面积/μg蛋白质)随时间变化的图。
图11示出了随GHK浓度(ng/mL)变化的VEGF浓度(pg VEGF/ng DNA)。
图12A-B提供了双肽处理的皮肤(图12B)和未处理对照(图12A)的皮肤活检样品的照片(100×)。样品用H/E染色,并且照片证明了用双肽预处理治疗导致更有组织的胶原蛋白分布和排列。
图13A-B提供了双肽处理的皮肤(图13B)和未处理对照(图13A)的皮肤活检样品的照片(100×)。对样品进行染色以靶向弹性蛋白(棕色),并且照片证明了与双肽治疗相关的弹性蛋白水平显著增加。
图14A-B提供了双肽处理的皮肤(图14B)和未处理对照(图14A)的皮肤活检样品的照片(100×)。通过IHC将样品染色以靶向前胶原,并且照片证明了与双肽治疗相关的前胶原水平显著增加。
图15A-B提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品(图15B)和基线样品(图15A)的照片(100×)。观察到局部施加三周内上层真皮的胶原蛋白形成增加,伴有日光性弹性组织变性经由新的胶原蛋白而减少并改善了表皮外观。
图16A-C提供了在施加后三周(图16B)、在施加后八周(图16C)双肽处理的面部皮肤的皮肤活检样品和基线样品(图16A)的照片(100×)。在弹性组织变性光损伤的弹性组织中具有弹性蛋白的患者中,局部施加双肽导致弹性蛋白材料在八周时间内较少聚集并显著分布到更深的真皮层。
图17A-D提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品在40×下(图17B)、基线样品在40×下(图17A)、在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品在100×下(图17D)和基线样品在100×下(图17C)的照片。在三周时间内在耳前区域中观察到MMP1染色减少。
图18A-B提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品(图18B)和基线样品(图18A)的照片(100×)。在三周时间内在耳前区域中观察到核心蛋白聚糖染色增加。
图19A-I提供了与具有Q开关紫翠宝石激光和点阵CO2激光面部换肤的IPL和/或PDL之后的标准护理相比,在Alastin程序增强系统的随机单盲试验期间生成的数据图。
优选实施方案的具体实施方式
以下描述和实施例详细说明了本发明的优选实施方案。本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明的许多变化和修改均包含在其范围内。因此,优选实施方案的描述不应被视为限制本发明的范围。
定义
如本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”和“其药学上可接受的盐”是广义术语,并且对于本领域普通技术人员而言将给出它们的普通和惯常含义(并且不限于特别的或定制的含义),并且指代但不限于由药学上可接受的无毒酸或碱制备的盐。合适的药学上可接受的盐包括金属盐(例如,铝盐、锌盐),碱金属盐如锂盐、钠盐和钾盐,碱土金属盐如钙盐和镁盐;有机盐,例如赖氨酸、N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺(N-甲基葡糖胺)、普鲁卡因盐和三羟甲基氨基甲烷的盐;游离酸和碱的盐;无机盐,例如硫酸盐、盐酸盐和氢溴酸盐;以及目前广泛用于药物用途和列于本领域技术人员熟知的来源(例如,默克索引(The Merck Index))的其他盐。可以选择任何合适的成分来制备本文讨论的治疗剂的盐,条件是它是无毒的并且基本上不干扰所需的活性。除盐外,还可以采用药学上可接受的前体和化合物的衍生物。药学上可接受的酰胺、低级烷基酯和保护的衍生物也可适用于优选实施方案的组合物和方法。尽管可以以药学上可接受的盐的形式施用优选实施方案的化合物,但通常优选以中性形式施用化合物。
应当理解,在本文所述的具有一个或多个手性中心的任何化合物中,如果未明确指出绝对立体化学,则每个中心可独立地为R-构型或S-构型或其混合物。因此,本文提供的化合物可以是对映体纯的、对映体富集的、外消旋混合物、非对映异构体纯的、非对映异构体富集的或立体异构混合物。另外,应当理解,在具有一个或多个双键、生成可定义为E或Z的几何异构体的任何本文所述化合物中,每个双键可独立地为E或Z及其混合物。
同样地,应当理解,在所述的任何化合物中,也旨在包括所有互变异构形式。例如,旨在包括磷酸基团的所有互变异构体。此外,旨在包括本领域已知的杂环碱基的所有互变异构体,包括天然和非天然的嘌呤碱基和嘧啶碱基的互变异构体。
应当理解,当本文公开的化合物具有未填满的化合价时,则化合价将用氢或其同位素(例如,氢-1(氕)和氢-2(氘))填充。
应当理解,本文所述的化合物可以用同位素标记。用诸如氘的同位素取代可以提供由于代谢稳定性更高,如体内半衰期延长或剂量需求减少而导致的某些治疗优势。以化合物结构表示的每种化学元素可包括所述元素的任何同位素。例如,在化合物结构中,氢原子可以明确地公开或理解为存在于化合物中。在氢原子可能存在的化合物的任何位置处,氢原子可以是氢的任何同位素,包括但不限于氢-1(氕)和氢-2(氘)。因此,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则本文提及的化合物包括所有潜在的同位素形式。
应当理解,本文所述的方法和组合包括结晶形式(也称为多晶型物,其包括化合物的相同元素组成的不同晶体堆积排列)、非晶相、盐、溶剂化物和水合物。在一些实施方案中,本文所述的化合物以具有药学上可接受的溶剂如水、乙醇等的溶剂化形式存在。在其他实施方案中,本文所述的化合物以非溶剂化形式存在。溶剂化物含有化学计量或非化学计量的量的溶剂,并且可以在结晶过程中用药学上可接受的溶剂如水、乙醇等形成。当溶剂为水时形成水合物,或者当溶剂为醇时形成醇化物。另外,本文提供的化合物可以以非溶剂化形式以及溶剂化形式存在。通常,为了本文提供的化合物和方法的目的,溶剂化形式被认为等同于非溶剂化形式。
治疗用途
本文所述的组合物适用于皮肤治疗,并且更具体地,适用于护肤治疗、促进皮肤再生和促进伤口愈合增强。该组合物适用于在涉及皮肤穿刺、切口或其他皮肤损伤(例如,化学损伤、低温损伤、机械损伤、光损伤、电损伤、热损伤、由于妊娠纹中的皮肤变形而导致的损伤等)的任何外科手术程序中使用,其中增强的伤口愈合(例如,缩短愈合时间、使所得瘢痕的外观最小化等)是可取的。该组合物适用于在增强的伤口愈合(例如,痤疮瘢痕、烧伤瘢痕、其他皮肤瘢痕、慢性不愈合伤口)中使用。该组合物适用于与影响真皮的各种皮肤病学或医学治疗或程序结合使用(例如,光线疗法、去除外分泌腺、癌症的放射治疗)。本文所述的组合物可适用于皮肤治疗程序,包括但不限于美容激光换肤治疗、激光脱毛、提眉手术、化学剥脱术(例如,乙醇酸-α-羟基酸剥脱术、三氯乙酸剥脱术、苯酚剥脱等)、腹部整形术、腕关节成形术、眼睑成形术、乳房成形术、乳房固定术、除皱术或下部除皱术、鼻整形术、大腿提升手术、黑素细胞痣(痣)去除、皮肤磨削术和微晶换肤术、维甲酸治疗(如异维甲酸、全反式维甲酸治疗等)、透明质酸注射、肉毒杆菌毒素注射、填充物治疗(例如,皱纹填充治疗等)、硬化疗法、臀部增大手术、微针疗法、纹身以及任何和所有其他脱毛治疗、毛发生长和再生长治疗(例如,与口服或局部米诺地尔结合)、感染治疗(与局部、口服或注射抗生素联合)、嫩肤或换肤、痤疮去除或减少、毛细血管破裂治疗、酒渣鼻治疗、皱纹减少、毛孔减少、脂肪团消融和其他真皮脂质沉积、疣和真菌去除、淡化或去除包括增殖性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩的瘢痕、治疗异常色素沉着(例如,葡萄酒色斑)、去除纹身、治疗皮肤不一致(例如,质地、颜色、色调、弹性、水合作用等),以及通用乳液,例如护手霜、面部乳液、身体乳液等。
可以进行涉及损伤皮肤组织的各种外科治疗和手术。门诊静脉切除术是由皮肤病学外科医师开展的门诊手术,其通过皮肤中的小的狭缝状切口去除浅静脉(例如,毛细血管、蜘蛛静脉或静脉曲张)。该治疗可导致由皮肤中残留的小段静脉引起的暂时性瘀伤、肿胀和炎症。眼睑成形术是一种可以恢复眼部区域的年轻外观的外科手术。将上眼睑和下眼睑提升,并从眼部区域去除松弛或多余的皮肤和脂肪组织。可能导致轻微肿胀和瘀伤。冷冻溶脂(也称为“脂肪冷冻”或产品名称CoolSculpting)是一种涉及非侵入性冷冻体内脂肪以分解脂肪细胞,导致体脂减少而不损伤其他组织的手术。效果需要几个月才能看到。可能导致发红和局部瘀伤。在冷冻手术中,使用液氮来去除皮肤生长、消退老年斑以及治疗早期基底细胞癌和鳞状细胞癌。医生将使用棉签或喷雾装置施加冷冻氮气。目标是快速冷冻皮肤,随后允许其慢慢解冻以对目标皮肤细胞造成最大的破坏。在一些情况下,可能需要另外的施加。当治疗皮肤癌时,医生可以将含有温度计的小针插入治疗区域,以确保治疗区域已经充分冷却。潜在的并发症包括发红、肿胀、出血、水疱和愈合问题。皮肤磨削术是一种使用钢丝刷或带有粗糙边缘的金刚石砂轮去除和平整皮肤上层的手术。治疗区域愈合,从而允许新皮肤在其位置生长。它通常用于面部手术。它可能导致肿胀和感染。皮肤填充物-乔雅登(Juvederm)、瑞蓝(Restylane)、柏丽(Belotero)和Voluma-含有某种形式的透明质酸,该透明质酸是一种天然存在于整个身体和皮肤中的物质,其在眼睛和关节的液体中浓度最高。瑞得喜(Radiesse)是钙羟基磷灰石填充物,而塑然雅(Sculptra)含有L-聚乳酸。填充物可用于暂时地使嘴唇丰满、提高凹陷瘢痕和平整起皱纹的皮肤。首先,医生标记要注射的区域。可以使用局部或注射麻醉药物以增加舒适度。然后使用非常细的针头通过注射器注射填充物。效果通常持续约六个月。之后,需要另外的注射以保持该效果。潜在的副作用包括肿胀、瘀伤、出血、水疱、囊肿和炎症反应。毛发移植包括穿孔移植,其中从毛发更密集处的一部分头皮去除含有毛囊的塞子(plug),并移植到治疗区域。只要有足够的供体毛发,毛发移植就具有很高的成功率。该手术可以在将毛发去除或移植至的地方导致皮肤受到刺激或损伤。激光/光疗法是一种使用光能来修复和再生受损皮肤的非侵入性手术。在该手术过程中,患者可能会感觉到类似于橡皮筋拉断的挤压。可以施加局部麻醉剂或冷冻凝胶以防止不适。治疗后治疗区域可以是粉红色或红色,持续四至八小时。可以观察到轻微刺痛感,类似于治疗区域中的轻度晒伤,其通常在四至六小时内消退,还可能出现通常在几天内消散的治疗区域的轻微肿胀。潜在的并发症包括肿胀和结痂。在吸脂术中,外科医师使用插管从身体的多个部位去除多余脂肪的口袋。该插管通过皮肤上做出的小切口插入。在一些手术中,脂肪用水松散或通过激光液化以促进其去除。该手术是微创的,并且通常在局部肿胀麻醉下进行。去除脂肪后,通常将切口保持打开以允许引流。该手术可导致组织损伤、皮肤坏死、瘀伤和肿胀。在微晶换肤术中,将略微粗糙的涂药器尖端施加至面部或颈部的皮肤表面以去除最上层的皮肤。这导致皮肤纹理更光滑。该手术是无痛且非侵入性的,但可导致皮肤刺激或感染。微注射是将脂肪从一个身体区域转移或再循环到另一个身体区域。潜在的并发症包括瘀伤和肿胀。纹身(包括也称为永久性化妆)是在皮肤表面下方插入有色颜料的过程。该手术可导致炎症或感染。颈部提升是一种改善颈部外观的手术选择。结果通常是持久的。有两种主要类型的颈部提升,包括颈成形术(其中多余的皮肤通过手术从颈部去除)和颈阔肌成形术(一种通过去除、收紧或重新调整颈部肌肉来减少颈部带状外观的手术)。该手术可导致瘀伤、感染和肿胀。神经调节剂是肉毒杆菌毒素的皱纹松弛注射剂-商业上称为Botox Cosmetic、Dysport或Xeomin-其用于治疗皱纹、眉间纹和鱼尾纹。将少量神经调节剂直接注射到深层肌肉中,使其放松并逐渐抚平上覆皮肤的外观。效果通常持续约三个月。潜在的并发症包括瘀伤和酸痛。非剥脱性嫩肤使用激光通过在皮肤中产生热量而不伤害皮肤表面来改善皱纹、褐斑和轻微瘢痕的外观。激光生成的热量促进胶原蛋白的产生,使皮肤收紧并看起来年轻健康。非剥脱性激光通常是点阵的,因此它们通过数千个称为微热治疗区域的微小的深色柱在干预正常未处理的皮肤的情况下将热量传递到皮肤。该点阵方法允许皮肤愈合比整个区域处理时更快。这种方法缩短了恢复期并减少了可能发生的并发症的数目。大多数情况下需要多个区段。该手术可导致发红、肿胀和感染。非侵入性塑形治疗包括弱激光疗法(其将冷激光能量发射到被脂肪细胞吸收的身体组织中,该脂肪细胞得以分解并吸收到体内)和超声波(其使用高强度聚焦声波来破坏脂肪细胞,使脂肪细胞随着时间的推移逐渐溶解)。射频向多余脂肪区域递送受控能量,在脂肪细胞深处产生热量并随后破坏它们。射频疗法经常用于皮肤病学中的塑形。可导致发红和瘀伤。
在每种前述疗法中,可导致一定程度的皮肤损伤,这些损伤可以通过使用如本文所述的肽组合物来减轻。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为疗法的预处理(例如,在开始疗法之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为疗法之后的后处理(例如,在疗法完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)进行施加。
光化性角化病
如本文所述的组合物适用于与治疗光化性角化病或某些其他形式的癌性皮肤损伤联合使用。光化性角化病,也称日光性角化病,是由太阳紫外线损伤引起的鳞状、硬皮生长或病变。它们通常出现在暴露于阳光下的区域,如面部、光秃头皮、嘴唇和手背,并且通常是凸起的、质地粗糙并类似疣。大多数变成红色,但有些会变成棕褐色、粉红色和/或肉色。如果不进行处理,则最高百分之十的光化性角化病可能会发展为鳞状细胞癌。在极少数情况下,光化性角化病也可能转变为基底细胞癌。如果在它们成为皮肤癌(良性或恶性生长或肿瘤)之前经及早治疗,则几乎所有的光化性角化病均可以消除。多种治疗选择是可用的,这取决于生长的特征以及患者的年龄和健康状况。
当存在有限数目的光化性角化病病变时,冷冻手术是最常用的治疗方法。治疗可以在医师的办公室中进行,并且不需要切割或麻醉。用喷雾装置或棉签涂药器施加的液氮冻结生长。该病变随后萎缩和/或起水疱,变得结痂并脱落。治疗后可能会出现暂时性的发红和肿胀,并且在一些患者中,可能会失去色素,留下白斑。
当光化性角化病大量且广泛时,用于治疗光化性角化病的商购可得的局部乳膏、凝胶和溶液可与本文所述的组合物组合使用。光化性角化病最常用的局部药物之一是5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)乳膏或溶液。将乳膏或乳液形式的5-FU每天一次或两次施加至病变区域两至四周。它可以用于所有受影响的区域。5-FU可用于多种制剂,浓度范围为0.5%至5%。暂时性副作用包括发红、肿胀和结痂。Aldara或Zyclara(咪喹莫特)乳膏也用于治疗光化性角化病,其通过刺激免疫系统产生干扰素(一种破坏癌细胞和癌前细胞的化学物质)来起作用。将局部制剂(例如,浓度为5%、3.75%或2.5%)一周两次或三次施加至病变数周或数月。该乳膏通常具有良好的耐受性,但是一些个体会出现发红和溃疡。光化性角化病。结合透明质酸与非甾体抗炎药双氯芬酸的凝胶对于其皮肤对其他局部治疗过度敏感的人也可能是有效的。该凝胶每天施加两次,持续两至三个月。(巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯)以0.015%和0.05%的浓度可用,只需两天或三天的施加时间即可治疗光化性角化病,包括0.015%浓度连续三天(用于面部和头皮)和更浓缩的0.05%凝胶连续两天(用于躯干和四肢)。皮肤发红、剥落/脱屑、结壳和肿胀是最常见的副作用。通过使用如本文所述的肽组合物可以减轻这些治疗的不良反应(发红、结壳、肿胀)。本文公开的肽组合物可以作为预处理(例如,在开始施加5-FU、咪喹莫特乳膏、透明质酸/双氯芬酸或巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)、和/或以与5-FU、咪喹莫特乳膏、透明质酸/双氯芬酸或巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯相同的局部制剂,和/或作为施加5-FU、咪喹莫特乳膏、透明质酸/双氯芬酸或巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯之后的后处理(例如,在已经停止施加5-FU、咪喹莫特乳膏、透明质酸/双氯芬酸或巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)进行施加。
光动力疗法也用于治疗光化性角化病以及鲍温病(Bowen’s Disease)(一种表现为持续的红褐色鳞片状斑块的表面形式的鳞状细胞癌)。光动力疗法对于面部和头皮上的广泛病变特别有用。将光敏剂(局部5-氨基乙酰丙酸或氨基乙酰丙酸甲酯)施加至病变。随后,这些用药区域经强烈的蓝色或红色光激活,其选择性地破坏光化性角化病。可能导致发红、疼痛和肿胀。该手术后,患者必须严格避免阳光照射至少48小时,因为UV暴露将增加药物的激活,并且可能导致严重的晒伤。可以通过使用如本文所述的肽组合物减轻该治疗的不利影响(发红、疼痛、肿胀)。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为光动力疗法的预处理(例如,在开始光动力疗法之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为光动力疗法之后的后处理(例如,在光动力疗法完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)进行施加。
可以组合冷冻疗法、5-FU、咪喹莫特乳膏、透明质酸/双氯芬酸、巨大戟醇甲基丁烯酸酯和光动力疗法以用于治疗光化性角化病,连同使用本文公开的肽组合物来促进皮肤修复。治疗方案可包括与与光动力疗法或诸如5-FU的咪喹莫特、双氯芬酸的局部药剂组合的冷冻手术。如由医师在常规皮肤检查中确定的,局部药物和光动力疗法也可以每三个月、六个月或一年连续使用。这种方法既可以提高治愈率,又可以减少副作用。一至两周的5-FU并随后进行冷冻手术可以缩短5-FU的愈合时间,并降低冷冻手术后白斑的可能性。
刮除术和电干燥法可用于去除部分光化性角化病,伴有用于止血的电烙术或三氯乙酸,任选地在局部麻醉下。本文公开的肽制剂可有利地用作预处理或后处理。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为刮除术和电干燥法的预处理(例如,在开始刮除术和电干燥法之前,每日一次。持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为刮除术和电干燥法之后的后处理(例如,在刮除术和电干燥法完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)进行施加。
通常用于逆转光老化迹象的化学剥脱术也用于去除面部上的表面光化性角化病,尤其是在其他技术未成功时。将三氯乙酸和/或类似化学品直接施加至皮肤,导致表层皮肤脱落。新皮肤通常在几周内再生。这种技术可能需要局部麻醉,并可能导致暂时性的变色和刺激。本文公开的肽制剂可有利地用作预处理或后处理。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为化学剥脱术的预处理(例如,在开始化学剥脱术之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为化学剥脱术之后的后处理(例如,在化学剥脱术完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)。
激光手术也可用于治疗光化性角化病。如本文其他地方所述,使用二氧化碳激光或铒YAG激光去除皮肤的外层和可变量的更深的皮肤。激光有效地去除唇部的光化性唇炎以及面部和头皮的光化性角化病。它们提供了对去除的组织深度的良好控制。当局部药物或其他技术不成功时,激光也被用作二级疗法。然而,可能需要局部麻醉。瘢痕形成和色素损失的风险略高于其他技术。因此,使用本文公开的肽制剂可有利地用作预处理或后处理。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为激光治疗的预处理(例如,在开始激光治疗之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为激光治疗之后的后处理(例如,在激光治疗完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)进行施加。
化学剥脱术
本文所述的肽组合物可与化学剥脱术治疗结合使用。化学剥脱术是一种用于改善面部、颈部或手部皮肤外观的技术。将化学溶液施加至皮肤,使其去角质并最终剥落。新皮肤通常比旧皮肤更光滑且皱纹更少。新皮肤也暂时对太阳更敏感。有三种基本类型的化学剥脱术。表面剥脱可以采用α-羟基酸或另一种温和的酸来仅渗透皮肤外层,使其温和地去角质。该治疗用于改善轻度皮肤变色和粗糙皮肤的外观,以及更新面部、颈部、胸部或手部。在中度剥脱中,施加乙醇酸或三氯乙酸渗透皮肤的外层和中间层以去除受损的皮肤细胞。该治疗用于改善老年斑、细纹和皱纹、雀斑和中度皮肤变色。它还可用于使粗糙皮肤光滑并治疗一些癌前皮肤生长,例如本文其他地方所述的光化性角化病。在深度剥脱中,施加三氯乙酸或苯酚深入渗透皮肤的中间层以去除受损的皮肤细胞。该治疗消除了中度皱纹、老年斑、雀斑和浅瘢痕。患者将看到皮肤外观的显著改善;然而,该治疗可导致对皮肤层不同程度的损害。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为化学剥脱术的预处理(例如,在开始化学剥脱术之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为化学剥脱术之后的后处理(例如,在化学剥脱术完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)。
化学剥脱术的一种类型为脉冲剥脱术,其涉及施加乙醇酸剥脱,并随后施加靶向癌细胞的药剂(例如,5-氟尿嘧啶)。该治疗可在两周时间内重复四至六次。使用所述实施方案的制剂的预处理可以有利地与脉冲剥脱术结合使用,或者可以有利地用于在术后施加时促进愈合。
激光换肤
特别地,本文所述的组合物可适用于在可以是点阵或非点阵的消融性和非消融性激光换肤治疗之前和/或之后使用。在消融性激光治疗中,激光手术去除特定靶标区域的皮肤外层。这些手术比非消融性激光治疗需要更长持续时间的伤口愈合过程,这不会导致皮肤的去除或汽化。非点阵激光治疗作用于经处理皮肤的整个投射表面区域,而点阵激光治疗作用于靶标区域均匀分开的部分以提供未接触的皮肤区域以用于加快愈合。因此,点阵激光治疗导致较少的副作用,伴有较低的经报告的瘢痕形成量。参见例如Preissig,J.,Hamilton,K.,Markus,R.,Current laser resurfacing technologies:A review thatdelves beneath the surface,Seminars in Plastic Surgery 2012,第26(3)卷,第109-116页。消融性激光治疗可包括但不限于CO2、Er:YAG(掺铒钇铝石榴石)、组合的铒/CO2和点阵激光光热分解激光换肤手术。CO2激光器在具有较高强度激光的低至0.2μs-80μs的脉冲范围和具有较低强度激光的最高10ms脉冲下发射10,600nm波长的光。Er:YAG激光器发射2,940nm波长的光,并且脉冲范围为0.25最高至5ms。CO2激光器和Er:YAG激光器的组合依赖于两种类型激光器的组合治疗。较短的脉冲促进更高的能量传输并促进皮肤更深的消融。非消融性激光治疗可包括二极管、铒玻璃、铥光纤和Nd:YAG(掺钕钇铝石榴石)激光。这些治疗使用在450μs至210ms的脉冲范围下发射波长范围为1319至1927nm的光的激光器。如本文公开的肽组合物可以作为激光治疗的预处理(例如,在开始激光治疗之前,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)和/或作为激光治疗之后的后处理(例如,在激光治疗完成之后,每日一次,持续1-31天或更长时间,例如每日一次,持续一周、两周、三周或四周)。
皮肤修复
所述组合物的活性成分包括两种或更多种肽。组合中的第一肽是一种或多种二肽、三肽和/或四肽,并且组合中的第二肽是一种或多种五肽、六肽和/或七肽。所述组合物可用于化妆品、药用化妆品和一般护肤组合物中或以药物组合物形式提供。还描述了使用包含二肽、三肽或四肽和五肽、六肽或七肽的组合物来促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生和伤口愈合增强的方法。
通常,皮肤再生和伤口愈合涉及复杂且了解甚少的过程,该过程依赖于大量不同组织和细胞类型的协同作用。当组织重塑过程减轻先天免疫系统的炎症反应并使纤维组织在受伤后取代正常皮肤时发生的瘢痕形成过程最小化时发生成功的伤口愈合,其可被认为是一种组织重塑。这个过程最有效地发生在幼儿中,但随着年龄的增长效率降低。较低效率的伤口愈合通常会产生难看的、刺激性的并且甚至疼痛的瘢痕,如瘢痕疙瘩或增生性瘢痕。鉴于经历侵入性皮肤手术的患者很少是儿童,特别需要在侵入性皮肤手术后可促进伤口愈合的护肤治疗。两种肽的组合在促进伤口愈合和皮肤再生方面具有优异的功效。
另外,所述组合物有助于治疗或预防皮肤病状况,如皮肤干燥、暗沉、失去弹性、缺乏光泽、夸张的线条和皱纹、妊娠纹、蜘蛛血管或红色斑点。在一些实施方案中,可以使用如本文所述的组合物改善“木偶”纹、微笑纹、深鼻唇沟纹、鱼尾纹、细纹/皱纹、眉间竖纹、横向抬头纹、下垂的薄/脆弱皮肤、皮肤发红和暗沉的外观。所述组合物还可用于预防和治疗光损伤的皮肤、细纹和皱纹的外观、色素沉着过度、老年斑和老化的皮肤。所公开的组合物还可有助于增加角质层的柔韧性、增加皮肤中胶原蛋白和/或糖胺聚糖的含量、增加皮肤中的水分、减少经皮水分流失,并且通常提高皮肤质量。
所述组合物还可与粘膜,特别是嘴唇和阴道粘膜结合使用。当施加至阴道粘膜时,可以使用商购可得的阴道涂药器。合适的涂药器的形式可以是预填充注射器、附接至预填充可压缩储器的管、包括预先选择量的组合物的预包装棒,或包括沿其长度的穿孔以用于通过该穿孔分配所述组合物的通用阴道涂药器。
药物递送用途
某些所述组合物可用作药物递送的载体。在这方面,如本文公开的无水组合物特别适用于递送适合于递送的局部作用药物,如抗菌药、抗原虫药、抗真菌药、抗病毒药、杀精子剂、前列腺素和类固醇。适合于递送的药物包括溴隐亭、西地那非(sildenafil)、催产素、降钙素、促黄体素释放激素和类似物、胰岛素、人生长激素、奥昔布宁(oxybutynin)和用于激素替代疗法或避孕的类固醇。抗真菌药物包括克霉唑、益康唑、咪康唑、特比萘芬、氟康唑、酮康唑和两性霉素。抗生素包括阿莫西林、强力霉素、头孢氨苄、环丙沙星、克林霉素、甲硝唑、阿奇霉素、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶、阿莫西林/克拉维酸和左氧氟沙星。抗生素的类别包括青霉素类、四环素类、头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类、林可霉素类、大环内酯类、磺胺类、糖肽类、氨基糖苷类和碳青霉烯类。激素的类型包括5-α还原酶抑制剂、肾上腺皮质类固醇、促肾上腺皮质激素、糖皮质激素、盐皮质激素、肾上腺皮质类固醇抑制剂、抗雄激素、抗利尿激素、抗促性腺激素药、抗甲状腺药、芳香酶抑制剂、降钙素、雌激素受体拮抗剂、促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂、生长激素受体阻断剂、生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子、甲状旁腺激素和类似物、孕激素受体调节剂、催乳素抑制剂、选择性雌激素受体调节剂、性激素、雄激素和合成类固醇、避孕药、雌激素、促性腺激素释放激素、促性腺激素、孕激素、性激素组合、生长抑素和生长抑素类似物、合成排卵兴奋剂和甲状腺药物。抗病毒剂包括金刚烷类抗病毒药、抗病毒加强剂、抗病毒药物组合、抗病毒干扰素、趋化因子受体拮抗剂、整合酶链转移抑制剂、其他抗病毒药、神经氨酸酶抑制剂、NNRTIs、NS5A抑制剂、核苷逆转录酶抑制剂(NRTI)、蛋白酶抑制剂和嘌呤核苷。
可以使用选定的组合物作为递送装置进行采用的用于治疗皮肤病况的药物包括痤疮药(异维甲酸)、特应性皮炎药(局部类固醇)、带状疱疹药(抗病毒药如伐昔洛韦)、荨麻疹药(抗组胺药如氯雷他定或非索非那定、奥马珠单抗)、晒伤药(利多卡因)、接触性皮炎药(抗组胺药、局部类固醇)、尿布疹药(氧化锌)、酒渣鼻药(甲硝唑、强力霉素、壬二酸、异维甲酸、β受体阻断剂、雌激素)、足癣药(抗真菌药)和基底细胞癌药(咪喹莫特、氟尿嘧啶、维莫德吉(vismodegib))。
制剂类型
所述实施方案的肽组合物可用于多种类型的制剂中。提供了包括二肽、三肽或四肽以及五肽、六肽或七肽与至少一种赋形剂组合的局部制剂。赋形剂可包括非水性或水性载体,和选自保湿剂、pH调节剂、除臭剂、芳香剂、螯合剂、防腐剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、增溶剂、渗透促进剂、抗刺激剂、着色剂、表面活性剂、有益剂、药物试剂以及本领域已知的与用于治疗皮肤的局部制剂结合使用的其他组分的一种或多种试剂。优选地,所述制剂是无水制剂以防止皮肤刺激,如水基刺激性接触性皮炎或施加至受损皮肤时的刺痛感。在另一个实施方案中,所述组合物被配制为使得不需要使用防腐剂(例如,不含防腐剂的制剂),以便避免与某些防腐剂相关的皮肤刺激。
为了便于施加,所述组合物可以作为软膏、油、洗剂、糊剂、粉末、凝胶或乳膏提供。所述组合物还可以包括另外的组分,例如保护剂、润肤剂、收敛剂、湿润剂、防晒剂、晒黑剂、UV吸收剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗病毒剂、抗原虫剂、抗痤疮剂、麻醉剂、甾体抗炎剂、非甾体抗炎剂、止痒剂、另外的抗氧化剂、化疗药、抗组胺剂、维生素或维生素复合物、激素、去头皮屑剂、抗皱纹剂、抗皮肤萎缩剂、皮肤美白剂、清洁剂、另外的肽、另外的修饰肽及其组合。在进一步的实施方案中,所述组合物可避免基于动物或细胞的材料以避免皮肤刺激。可将所述组合物施加至真皮或粘膜。
提供了使用局部肽制剂促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生和伤口愈合增强的方法。还可以施加所述组合物来治疗皮肤病况,如炎症、发红、疼痛、皮肤敏感、皮肤干燥、瘀伤和类似病况。施加包含第一种二肽、三肽或四肽和第二种五肽、六肽或七肽的肽组合物也可用于预防瘢痕形成(例如,在面部除皱手术或其他涉及皮肤切口的整容手术中)、加速上皮融合以及限制伤口愈合期间的结痂和结壳。也可以通过施加包含第一种二肽、三肽或四肽和第二种五肽、六肽或七肽的组合物来诱导胶原蛋白产生增加和/或弹性蛋白产生增加。用于客观地测量皮肤发红和炎症的改善的合适方法可包括三色激励测色法、窄带反射光谱法、漫反射光谱法、皮肤反射光谱法和/或UV照相术。
一些实施方案包括以局部制剂的形式施用本文提供的肽组合物;然而,也考虑了其他施用途径(例如,粘膜、皮下、口服等)。考虑到的施用途径包括但不限于局部、粘膜和皮下。合适的液体形式包括悬浮液、乳液、溶液等。还可以提供单位剂型,例如被配置用于在术前和术后的预定时间施用于面部或其他身体部位的具有预定量制剂的独立包装。被配置用于术前和术后每天施用两次或三次的单位剂型是特别优选的;然而,在某些实施方案中,可能需要将单位剂型配置为每天一次、每天四次或更多次施用。
在一些实施方案中,所述局部和其他制剂通常包含约0.001wt.%或更低至约50wt.%或更高的活性成分,如肽,优选约0.005、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05、0.06、0.07、0.08、0.09、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9或1wt.%至约2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、15、20、25、30、35、40或45wt.%。
用于局部施用的组合物和制剂可包括透皮贴剂、软膏、洗剂、乳膏、凝胶、滴剂、喷雾剂、液体、气雾剂和粉末。可以使用常规的药物载体、水性、粉末或油性基质、增稠剂等。在某些应用中,可以提供可使用手指施加至皮肤的软膏、洗剂、乳膏、凝胶或类似制剂。这样的制剂通常在挤压管或瓶子或罐中或者在滚涂式容器(其中球固定在制剂容器的顶部,其中允许该球滚动)中提供。通过在皮肤表面上滚动球,容器中的液体以受控方式转移到皮肤上。另一种递送机制包括具有穿孔盖的容器,该容器具有使可挤出的制剂通过盖子推进的机制。在另一种形式中,提供了具有足够结构完整性以保持其形状的凝胶制剂,其向上推进管并施加至皮肤(例如,以棒状形式)。该棒状形式的优点在于,在施加过程中仅制剂接触皮肤,而不是手指或容器的一部分。也可以使用涂药器(例如,棒、海绵、注射器或其他合适的方法)来放置液体或凝胶。
制剂的组分
肽
提供了包含两种或更多种肽的组合的制剂以用于促进皮肤健康、皮肤再生以及伤口愈合增强,例如,在经受皮肤手术如激光治疗、化学剥脱术、皮肤磨削术、微针和其他此类手术的患者中,在经受任何其他治疗或导致皮肤损伤、炎症或刺激(例如,晒伤、湿疹、牛皮癣、疱疹病变、带状疱疹、变态反应、接触性皮炎等)的患者中,或在其中胶原蛋白和/或弹性蛋白的刺激是有益的任何皮肤病况中。在包含两种肽组合的局部制剂中,第一肽(例如,三肽)以纯的形式或以含有肽的载体形式存在于组合物中,例如,50ppm或更少至1000、5000、10000、50000、100000、500000ppm或更多,例如100ppm的肽。局部制剂可含有0.01wt.%或更少(例如,0.001wt.%)至10wt.%或更多,例如,0.01wt.%至0.02wt.%、0.03wt.%、0.04wt.%、0.05wt.%、0.1wt.%、1wt.%至5wt.%或10wt.%的第一肽。第二肽(例如,六肽)以纯的形式或以含有肽的载体的形式存在于局部制剂组合物中,例如,50ppm或更少至1000、5000、10000、50000、100000、500000ppm或更多,例如100ppm的肽或任何其他合适的量。局部制剂可含有0.01wt.%或更少(例如,0.001wt.%)至10wt.%或更多,例如,0.01wt.%至0.02wt.%、0.03wt.%、0.04wt.%、0.05wt.%、0.1wt.%、1wt.%至5wt.%或20wt.%。可以向上或向下调节基质中肽的量。
在示例性实施方案中,局部制剂中第一肽与第二肽的重量比为1份第一肽比0.2至10份第二肽,或1至10份第二肽,或1至8份第二肽,或1至5.5份第二肽。本文使用以下命名法来指代各种氨基酸:丙氨酸(本文中也称为“Ala”或“A”)、精氨酸(本文中也称为“Arg”或“R”)、天冬酰胺(本文中也称为“Asn”或“N”)、天冬氨酸(本文中也称为“Asp”或“D”)、半胱氨酸(本文中也称为“Cys”或“C”)、谷氨酸(本文中也称为“Glu”或“E”)、谷氨酰胺(本文中也称为“Gln”或“Q”)、甘氨酸(本文中也称为“Gly”或“G”)、组氨酸(本文中也称为“His”或“H”)、异亮氨酸(本文中也称为“Ile”或“I”)、亮氨酸(本文中也称为“Leu”或“L”)、赖氨酸(本文中也称为“Lys”或“K”)、甲硫氨酸(本文中也称为“Met”或“M”)、苯丙氨酸(本文中也称为“Phe”或“F”)、脯氨酸(本文中也称为“Pro”或“P”)、丝氨酸(本文中也称为“Ser”或“S”)、苏氨酸(本文中也称为“Thr”或“T”)、色氨酸(本文中也称为“Trp”或“W”)、酪氨酸(本文中也称为“Tyr”或“Y”)、缬氨酸(本文中也称为“Val”或“V”)。
在一些实施方案中,所述第一肽为二肽。合适的二肽包括但不限于具有以下氨基酸序列的二肽:KK、KP、CK、KC、KT、DF、NF、VW、YR或TT。在其他实施方案中,所述第一肽为三肽。合适的三肽包括但不限于具有以下氨基酸序列的三肽:HGG、RKR、GHK、GKH、GGH、GHG、KFK或KPK。在一些实施方案中,所述第一肽为四肽。合适的四肽包括但不限于具有以下氨基酸序列的四肽:GQPR、KTFK、AQTR或RSRK。在一些实施方案中,所述第二肽为五肽。合适的五肽包括但不限于具有以下氨基酸序列的五肽:KTTKS、YGGFX或KLAAK。在一些实施方案中,所述第二肽为六肽。合适的六肽包括但不限于具有以下氨基酸序列的六肽:VGVAPG或GKTTKS。在一些实施方案中,所述第二肽为七肽。合适的七肽包括但不限于具有氨基酸序列RGYYLLE的七肽或七肽-6(前sirtuin肽)。所述组合物可包括两种或更多种肽,例如,两种二肽和一种五肽;一种三肽和一种六肽;一种二肽、一种三肽和一种七肽等,条件是所述组合物含有至少一种二肽、三肽或四肽和至少一种五肽、六肽或七肽。
可以对所述肽进行功能化。例如,所述肽可以用脂肪酸进行功能化,该脂肪酸例如是肉豆蔻烯酸、棕榈油酸、顺-6-十六碳烯酸(sapienic acid)、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、亚油酸、反式亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、木蜡酸、蜡酸等。实例包括棕榈酰六肽-12(Pal-VGVAPG)、棕榈酰三肽-1(Pal-GHK)、肉豆蔻酰六肽-12(Myr-VGVAPG)、肉豆蔻酰三肽-1(Myr-GHK)。在某些实施方案中,棕榈酰基或肉豆蔻酰基功能化可以是可取的,因为其在与其他脂肪酸相比时展现出增强的渗透性。
本文提供的方法和组合物的一些实施方案包括作为第一肽的甘氨酸-组氨酸-赖氨酸(GHK)。GHK是一种肽序列,其一般在蛋白质类中很少发现,但常见于细胞外基质蛋白中。GHK的小尺寸允许其比较大的肽更容易接近膜受体。此外,其独特的铜结合结构增强了铜进出细胞的转运,并通过几种不同但相关的途径促进伤口愈合。由于GHK强铜结合结构,其可以以GHK-Cu(铜结合的GHK形式)的形式提供。
GHK-Cu充当抗炎药(参见,例如,Pickart,L.,The human tri-peptide GHK andtissue remodeling,J.Biomater.Sci.Polymer Edn.2008,Vol.19,pp.969-988,972-973;Pickart等人,The Human Tripeptide GHK-CU in Prevention of Oxidative Stress andDegenerative Conditions of Aging:Implications for Cognitive Health,Oxid.Med.Cell Longev.2012,Vol.2012,pp.1-8,3)和抗氧化剂。GHK-Cu通过抑制可产生炎症和诱导瘢痕形成二者的“急性期应答”对促进伤口愈合起作用。这种生物应答防止细菌侵入、促进免疫细胞到来、阻止出血并为受伤区域提供覆盖。GHK-Cu还通过抑制称为细胞因子的分子的产生来抑制急性期应答。细胞因子是吸引免疫细胞并引发促进炎症和纤维化的其他分子的产生(导致瘢痕组织的产生)的免疫细胞信号分子。特别地,GHK-Cu抑制细胞因子的产生,包括肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNFα)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和转化生长因子-β-1(TGF-β1)(伤口区域中炎症和凋亡性细胞死亡的几个关键驱动因素)。由于TGF-β1是急性期应答持续的重要组分,GHK-Cu对TGF-β1的抑制也对在急性期反应开始后缩短其持续时间起作用。GHK-Cu通过阻断铁蛋白释放氧化铁,防止进一步的炎症或微生物感染(因为入侵的微生物需要铁来存活)来充当抗氧化剂。
GHK-Cu还能刺激血管生长、增加胶原蛋白的产生并使细胞外基质再生。GHK-Cu充当对受损组织再生至关重要的细胞如重建血管的毛细血管细胞的引诱剂。它还可以上调多种酶的产生,这些酶可以去除受损蛋白质,同时还可以重建细胞外基质(ECM)(一种对细胞间通讯和支持非常重要的关键外部支架)。特别地,GHK-Cu诱导ECM再生所必需的信使RNA(mRNA)的产生,即胶原蛋白、蛋白聚糖、糖胺聚糖、硫酸软骨素和硫酸皮肤素。GHK-Cu诱导增加胶原蛋白的产生也在促进皮肤再生方面起着关键作用。GHK-Cu通过以下三个过程进一步刺激血液流入受损组织:血管生成、抗凝血和血管扩张。首先,GHK-Cu通过增加血管生成所必需的生长因子蛋白如碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(BFGF)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的产生来诱导血管生成或新血管形成。其次,GHK-Cu通过扩大红细胞数目(经由促红细胞生成素的产生而生长)和抗凝血作用如下调血液凝固分子血栓素来增加流向伤口区域的血流量。第三,GHK-Cu通过与血管收缩蛋白血管紧张素II结合促进血管扩张,从而防止血管紧张素收缩血管并减少血流。
GHK-Cu促进干细胞增殖(参见,例如,Ito等人,Is the Hair Follicle Necessaryfor Normal Wound Healing,J.Invest.Dermatol.2008,Vol.128,pp.1059-1061,1059)。伤口愈合研究表明,在小鼠实验中,添加GHK-Cu极大地增加了伤口周围毛囊的产生。真皮毛囊是干细胞的重要来源,其对于皮肤愈合至关重要。对真皮毛囊的研究表明,含有毛发的区域倾向于更快地愈合,并且来自毛囊多个部分的细胞也可有助于真皮细胞和上皮细胞二者的替换。
因此,通过减少炎症、充当抗氧化剂、刺激新血管的生长、使细胞外基质再生、增强胶原蛋白的产生以及通过促进干细胞增殖,GHK可以极大地增强皮肤再生并促进伤口愈合。
本文提供的方法和组合物的一些实施方案包括作为第二肽的缬氨酸-甘氨酸-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-脯氨酸-甘氨酸(VGVAPG)。VGVAPG是来源于弹性蛋白的六肽(参见,例如,Blanchevoye等人,Interaction between the Elastin Peptide VGVAPG and HumanElastin Binding Protein,J.Biol.Chem.2012,Vol.288,pp.1317-1328,1317-1318)。弹性蛋白是在结缔组织(例如皮肤)中发现的蛋白质,其为组织在经历暂时性的扩张或收缩后恢复其原始形状和大小所必需的。由于弹性蛋白在提供弹性和恢复力方面的重要性,弹性蛋白在皮肤细胞对损伤的抵抗力和从损伤中恢复中起重要作用。皮肤在经历拉伸或牵拉后恢复其原始形态的能力依赖于起到形成“弹性纤维”作用的交联弹性蛋白(人体中的原弹性蛋白)。伤口愈合中弹性纤维系统的破坏与瘢痕组织的产生密切相关(参见,例如,Rnjak-Kovacina等人,Severe Burn Injuries and the Role of Elastin in the Design ofDermal Substitutes,Tissue Eng.Part B.Rev.2011,pp.81-91,85-86)。由于这些性质和其他性质,弹性蛋白是有效的伤口愈合过程中的关键组分。
VGVAPG在促进弹性蛋白预防皮肤损伤和促进皮肤再生的能力中起重要作用(参见,例如,Floquet等人,Structural Characterization of VGVAPG,an Elastin-DerivedPeptide,Biopolymers(Peptide Science)2004,Vol.76,266-280,267)。首先,已证明其吸引单核细胞和成纤维细胞的能力(参见,例如,Senior等人,Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly,aRepeating Peptide in Elastin,Is Chemotactic for Fibroblasts and Monocytes,J.Cell Biol.1984,Vol.99,pp.870-874,870),单核细胞对于抵抗感染是必需的,而成纤维细胞是胶原蛋白生成(皮肤中最丰富的蛋白质)和细胞外基质再生所必需的。其次,VGVAPG为弹性蛋白结合蛋白(一种成熟弹性纤维的固有组分)提供结合位点。第三,VGVAPG为弹性蛋白和细胞外基质降解酶如基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)提供结合位点,其促进弹性纤维和细胞外基质蛋白的替换和再生。
图1中描绘了所述实施方案的肽组合物对刺激和恢复皮肤中弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白水平起作用的机制。示例性组合物含有三肽和六肽。该示意图证实了三肽和六肽的有益效果,其通过吸引愈合细胞、增加弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白的产生、增强成纤维细胞增殖、抗氧化行为(防止氧化铁的释放)以及诱导细胞外基质的再生对促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合起协同作用。结果,两种肽的组合展现出远远超过单独的两种肽中任一种所预期的协同、优异的性能。
图2提供了显示三肽通过增强胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的合成、阻断铁蛋白释放氧化铁、吸引愈合细胞如毛细血管细胞和巨噬细胞以及通过重建新的血液流向损伤部位而对促进皮肤再生的影响的示意图。三肽起抗氧化剂的作用,刺激胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和透明质酸。将其配制为渗透角质层。在细胞外基质(ECM)中,它是一种吸引毛细血管细胞和巨噬细胞的抗氧化剂,其促进伤口愈合。在细胞内,它减少炎性细胞因子、增加胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白、真皮干细胞增殖和透明质酸。
图3提供了显示六肽通过诱导弹性蛋白和胶原蛋白产生、成纤维细胞增殖、细胞外基质再生以及成纤维细胞角化细胞迁移而对促进皮肤再生和伤口愈合的影响的示意图。将所述六肽配制为渗透角质层,并模拟弹性蛋白结合序列,以刺激弹性蛋白。它特异性结合成纤维细胞和角化细胞上的EBP受体。该结合引发细胞内信号转导。
在局部制剂中,所述三肽通常以约50ppm或更低至约100、200、300、400或500ppm或更高(例如,50ppm至150ppm)的量存在。
在局部制剂中,所述六肽通常以约50ppm或更低至约100、200、300、400或500ppm或更高(例如,50ppm至150ppm)的量存在。
所述肽可有利地在基质中提供以便适合于与局部制剂的其他组分组合。该基质可包括一种或多种组分,如增稠剂/粘合剂(例如,季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯)、润肤剂/分散剂(例如,辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、溶剂(例如,碳酸丙烯酯)和/或流变改性剂/抗沉降剂(例如,二硬脂二甲铵锂蒙脱石)。
橄榄苦苷
在一些实施方案中,可将多酚如橄榄苦苷添加至所述组合物中。橄榄苦苷是从橄榄叶中分离出的多酚(参见例如Omar SH.Oleuropein in olive and itspharmacological effects.Sci Pharm 2010;78(2):133-54;Al-Rimawi F,Yateem H,Afaneh I.Formulation and evaluation of a moisturizing day cream containingolive leaves extract.International Journal of Development Research 2014;4(10):1996-2000;Kontogianni VG,Charisiadis P,Margianni E,Lamari FN,Gerothanassis IP,Tzakos AG.Olive leaf extracts are a natural source ofadvanced glycation end product inhibitors.Journal of medicinal food 2013;16(9):817-22)。橄榄苦苷通过抑制脂氧合酶活性和白三烯的产生而表现出主要的抗炎作用。更具体地,研究人员已经证明,橄榄苦苷比其他已知的化学激活剂更有效地增强体外蛋白酶体活性,可能是通过蛋白酶体的构象变化。在这方面,它降低活性氧类(ROS),通过增强蛋白酶体介导的降解和自噬途径减少氧化蛋白质的量,并在复制性衰老期间保留蛋白酶体功能。通过阻断糖与蛋白质的附着、清除活性中间体或破坏已建立的AGE诱导的交联抑制AGE的形成构成了有吸引力的治疗/预防靶标。已经证明橄榄苦苷通过其蛋白酶体增强功能抑制AGE形成和分解AGE产物。当橄榄苦苷用于局部制剂时,其优选地以约0.005重量%或更低至约10.0重量%或更高,通常以约0.01重量%至约5.0重量%(例如,以约0.05重量%至约0.1重量%)存在。橄榄苦苷可用于促进愈合的组合物中。橄榄苦苷通常不用于抗衰老组合物,因为其效果倾向于与丰盈不相容,但它可有利地用于在本文所述的手术(例如,激光换肤术、化学剥脱术等)之前用于预处理皮肤的制剂中。
磷脂酰丝氨酸
在某些实施方案中,可以添加磷脂如磷脂酰丝氨酸(一种高度富集的膜磷脂组分)。已知磷脂酰丝氨酸具有几种生理作用,如激活信号酶和抗氧化活性(参见例如Draelos,Z.,Pugliese,P.Glycation and Skin Aging:A Review.Cosmetics&ToiletriesMagazine 2011;June 2011:1-6;Lee,S.,Yang,J.,Park Y.等人,Protective effect andmechanism of phosphatidylserine in UVB-induced human dermalfibroblasts.European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 2013;115(7):783-90;He,M.,Kubo,H.,Morimoto,K.等人,Receptor for advanced glycation end productsbinds to phosphatidylserine and assists in the clearance of apoptoticcells.EMBO reports 2011;12(4):358-64)。已经发现以剂量依赖性方式降低MMP-1、增加前胶原形成,并且可以充当AGE靶标的基底,从而减少糖基化作用的损害。凋亡细胞的清除对于组织发育、体内平衡和炎症消退是必需的。磷脂酰丝氨酸在细胞表面上提供“吃我”信号,并且吞噬细胞使用特定受体如晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)来识别该信号。然后其与PS结合并有助于清除凋亡细胞和AGE的终产物。当磷脂酰丝氨酸用于局部制剂时,其优选地以约0.005重量%或更低至约10.0重量%或更高,通常以约0.01重量%至约5.0重量%(例如,以约0.05重量%至约0.1重量%)存在。
磷脂酰丝氨酸可有利地用于在本文所述的手术(例如,激光换肤术、化学剥脱术等)之前用于预处理皮肤的制剂中。
载体系统
含有本文所述的肽和其他组分的液体和凝胶可以使用化妆品制造领域中已知的技术制备。参见,例如,Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology,第四版,由AndréO.Barel,Marc Paye,Howard I.Maibach编辑,CRC Press,2014,其内容通过引用以其全文并入本文。多种制剂均是可能的。作为实例,透明化妆品凝胶棒组合物可包括60%至约90%的脂肪族多元醇(例如,含有2至6个羟基基团的C2-6醇);1-10%的肥皂;以及1-10%的水溶性润肤剂,例如C8-22脂肪醇的聚氧烯醚,作为主要成分与所述优选实施方案的肽组合物结合。水性可挤压凝胶基于水-油乳液技术。为了使引入可挤压凝胶配方中的水量最小化,调节活性溶液的浓度。理想地,可以使用肽的高浓度活性溶液(45-50%)。用于AP固体的载体系统通常基于挥发性环硅氧烷,因为它们快速蒸发并且不会在皮肤上留下残余物。作为挥发性环硅氧烷的替代物,可以使用替代物,包括异十六烷或C13-15异烷烃。采用凝固系统来开发在典型的储存或消费条件下不熔化但提供优雅的皮肤感觉并且易于转移的固体棒。可以使用环戊硅氧烷和硬脂醇与不同程度的另外的蜡如氢化蓖麻蜡、氢化植物油和聚乙烯的组合。
对于液体制剂(例如,凝胶或洗剂形式),可以使用硅氧烷(例如,环硅氧烷)或线性硅氧烷(例如,硅氧烷弹性体)作为载体。一种类型的合适的载体为聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物凝胶,例如环戊硅氧烷中的聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物。其他合适的聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物包括环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物;聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物;以及异癸烷聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物。
通常,所述载体以约80wt.%至约95wt.%或82wt.%至92wt.%的量存在,例如,在用于施加至皮肤或粘膜的局部制剂中。
渗透促进剂
十一烯酸庚酯可用于增强多肽的渗透,并为制剂提供丝滑感。也可以使用其他脂肪酸酯,例如,甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸(octanoic acid)、壬酸、癸酸(decanoic acid)、肉豆蔻烯酸、异戊酸、棕榈油酸、顺-6-十六碳烯酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、亚油酸、反式亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸、辛酸(caprylic acid)、癸酸(capric acid)、月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、木蜡酸、蜡酸、中链脂肪酸(例如,C6-12脂肪酸)等。当在局部制剂中使用时,典型的量为1重量%至4重量%。虽然十一烯酸庚酯可以有利地用于大多数制剂中,但它可以被认为是与微针结合使用的滑动剂制剂的任选成分,并且可以省略该用途。
抗刺激剂
泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素是天然植物提取物,其可减少皮肤发红和水分流失。当在局部制剂中使用时,抗刺激剂的典型的量为1重量%至4重量%。
抗炎剂
山金车蒙大拿提取物包括诸如精油、脂肪酸、百里酚、伪愈创木内酯类倍半萜内酯和黄烷酮糖苷的组分。它可以展现出抗炎作用。当在局部制剂中使用时,抗炎剂的典型的量为1重量%至4重量%。
抗氧化剂
杜氏盐藻提取物包括诸如β-胡萝卜素的组分。它可以展现出抗氧化作用。当在局部制剂中使用时,抗炎剂的典型的量为0.1重量%至2重量%。
溶解度增强剂
所述制剂的某些组分倾向于难以溶解于常规制剂中。例如,已知磷脂酰丝氨酸和橄榄苦苷展现出溶解性问题。已经发现硅氧烷聚合物(例如,辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷)在将这两种组分溶解于无水制剂中时特别有效。对于含有约0.05重量%至约0.1重量%的磷脂酰丝氨酸和/或约0.05重量%至约0.1重量%的橄榄苦苷的局部组合物,心肌聚甲基硅氧烷的量为约0.5重量%至1重量%的辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷可使这些组分溶解于无水制剂中。
锂蒙脱石粘土
锂蒙脱石粘土,如改性锂蒙脱石粘土,可以与肽结合使用,以赋予组合物渗透和吸附性质,并且可以助于稳定乳剂。锂蒙脱石的化学式为Na0.3(Mg,Li)3Si4O10(OH)2。也可以使用其他粘土,如膨润土和硅酸铝镁。
可以改性锂蒙脱石或其他粘土以产生有机改性粘土化合物。脂肪酸(例如,氢化脂肪酸)的盐(例如,季铵盐)可与锂蒙脱石或其他粘土反应。如本文所提供的,使用本领域技术人员采用的常规命名法来指代和描述脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸不包含碳-碳双键。不饱和脂肪酸包括至少一个碳-碳双键。单不饱和脂肪酸仅包括一个碳-碳双键。多不饱和脂肪酸包括两个或更多个碳-碳双键。脂肪酸中的双键通常是顺式的;然而,反式双键也是可能的。双键的位置可以用Δn表示,其中n表示每对双键碳原子中较低编号的碳。可以采用指定总#碳:#双键Δ双键位置的简化符号。例如,20:4Δ5,8,11,14是指具有20个碳原子和四个双键的脂肪酸,其中双键位于5与6碳原子、8与9碳原子、11与12碳原子和14与15碳原子之间,其中碳原子1是羧酸基团的碳。硬脂酸(十八烷酸)是饱和脂肪酸。油酸(顺式-Δ9-十八碳烯酸)是单不饱和脂肪酸,亚麻酸(全顺式-Δ9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸)是多不饱和脂肪酸。适合于使用的脂肪酸可包含5至30个碳原子,例如,5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29或30个碳原子。脂肪酸可以是完全饱和的,或者可以包括链长可行的尽可能多的双键。适用于锂蒙脱石或其他粘土功能化的脂肪酸包括棕榈酸和硬脂酸。二烷基季铵盐阳离子改性剂包括二棕榈酰基二甲基氯化铵和二硬脂基二甲基氯化铵。酰胺季铵盐阳离子改性剂包括棕榈酰胺丙基三甲基氯化十六烷基醇和棕榈酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵。
其他赋形剂和试剂
在一些实施方案中,所述肽可以与合适的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合,并且可以含有辅助物质如湿润剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲剂、胶凝或粘度增强添加剂、防腐剂、香味剂、着色剂等,这取决于施用途径和所需的制剂。参见,例如,“Remington:The Science and Practiceof Pharmacy”,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins;第20版(2003年6月1日)和“Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences,”Mack Pub.Co.;第18版和第19版(分别是1985年12月和1990年6月)。这些制剂可包括络合剂、金属离子、聚合物(如聚乙酸、聚乙醇酸、水凝胶、葡聚糖等)、脂质体、微乳液、胶束、单层或多层囊泡、红细胞血影或球形细胞。用于脂质体制剂的合适脂质包括但不限于单甘酯、双甘酯、硫苷脂、溶血卵磷脂、磷脂、皂苷、胆汁酸等。这些附加组分的存在可以影响物理状态、溶解度、稳定性、释放速率、清除速率和活性成分的渗透。
用于局部施用的组合物包含如本文所述的肽组合物和皮肤病学可接受的媒介物。该媒介物可以是水性或非水性的。用于局部组合物的皮肤病学上可接受的媒介物可以是洗剂、凝胶、软膏、液体、乳膏或乳剂的形式。如果该媒介物是乳剂,则乳剂可具有连续水相和不连续的非水相或油相(水包油乳剂),或连续的非水相或油相和不连续的水相(油包水乳剂)。当以液体或凝胶形式局部施用时,可以向活性成分中添加液体载体,如水、石油、动物或植物来源的油如花生油、矿物油、大豆油或芝麻油或合成油。生理盐水溶液、葡萄糖或其他糖溶液,或二醇如乙二醇、丙二醇或聚乙二醇也是合适的液体载体。药物组合物也可以是水包油乳剂的形式。油相可以是植物油如橄榄油或花生油、矿物油如液体石蜡,或其混合物。合适的乳化剂包括天然存在的树胶如阿拉伯树胶和黄蓍胶、天然存在的磷脂如大豆卵磷脂、衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯如山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯以及这些偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单油酸酯。乳剂还可含有着色剂和香味剂。
在某些实施方案中,采用硅氧烷弹性体(例如,聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物)来增加肽向皮肤的递送和渗透。增加分子量(如用硅胶)或添加填充物(如用硅氧烷化合物)的替代方案是部分交联硅氧烷聚合物并将该材料分散在合适的硅氧烷载体流体中。由于线性线性聚合物之间的交联,所得到的聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物(在个人护理行业中也称为硅氧烷弹性体)与碱性聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)不同。这些材料可用于肽制剂中,并且还提供瘢痕治疗、创周保护和酶递送的益处。在皮肤护理应用中,硅氧烷弹性体(包括具有功能团的那些)的美容及其吸收各种油的能力(例如,用聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物如Dow 9506弹性体粉末)是弹性体的两种理想性质。硅氧烷弹性体具有与任何硅氧烷流体不同的皮肤感觉,被描述为“光滑的”、“天鹅绒般柔软的”和“粉末状的”。它可以通过控制配方中液相的量来改变,并因此可以通过控制溶胀度来改变。由于聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物的成膜性质,其可用作活性成分(如本文所述的肽)或其他制剂组分(如油溶性维生素和遮光剂)的递送系统。可以从含有硅氧烷弹性体的制剂中更有效地递送遮光剂如甲氧肉桂酸辛酯,从而产生更高的防晒系数(SPF)。硅氧烷弹性体共混物可用于增强含有机遮光剂的水包油制剂中的SPF。例如,在对SPF进行的测试中,将4%硅氧烷弹性体共混物添加至含有有机遮光剂的防晒制剂中使SPF从5.7增加到18。硅氧烷弹性体的这种性质使得制剂中遮光剂的有效性最大化,同时减少达到期望的SPF所需的量。结果,可以降低制剂成本连同由遮光剂活性引起的潜在刺激。因此,可以用相同量的UV吸收剂实现更高的SPF,从而在不添加制剂成本的情况下提高性能。硅氧烷弹性体可以通过多种交联反应(例如,通过乙烯基基团与硅氢化合物的硅氢加成反应)由线性硅氧烷聚合物制备。一般方法涉及线性硅氧烷聚合物,其中沿聚合物链的反应性位点与交联剂反应。聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物可以作为由在载体流体中溶胀的弹性体颗粒的悬浮液制成的凝胶(例如,环戊硅氧烷中高分子量硅氧烷弹性体的混合物,例如Dow 9040硅氧烷弹性体共混物)或作为喷雾干燥粉末(聚二甲基硅氧烷/乙烯基聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物如Dow9506弹性体粉末)进行制备。具有所需属性的凝胶形式为环聚二甲基硅氧烷,但也可使用低粘度聚二甲基硅氧烷和有机流体。悬浮液或凝胶形式的聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物的实例是在十甲基环戊硅氧烷中的高分子量硅氧烷弹性体(12%)(例如,Dow ST-弹性体10)和在环戊硅氧烷中的高分子量硅氧烷弹性体混合物(例如,Dow9040硅氧烷弹性体共混物),其弹性体含量通常为10-20重量%。
用于肽组合物的局部制剂的药物赋形剂可选自包含溶剂、润肤剂和/或乳化剂、油基、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、张力调节剂、渗透促进剂和增溶剂、螯合剂、缓冲剂、表面活性剂、一种或多种聚合物及其组合。
用于水性或亲水性局部制剂的合适溶剂包括水;乙醇;异丙醇;水和乙醇和/或异丙醇的混合物;甘油;乙二醇、丙二醇或丁二醇;DMSO;及其混合物。用于疏水性局部制剂的合适溶剂包括矿物油、植物油和硅油。如果需要,可将如本文所述的肽组合物溶解或分散于疏水性油相中,并随后可将油相在包含水的水相中单独或与低级醇、甘油和/或乙二醇组合进行乳化。通常优选采用无水组合物,因为水的存在可导致在向经受激光治疗、化学剥脱术、皮肤磨削术等的皮肤施用时的刺痛。无水制剂还可以起到防止在受损或敏感皮肤中产生水基刺激性接触性皮炎的作用,这可能产生可延缓伤口愈合和皮肤质量改善的皮疹和皮肤刺激。Tsai,T.F.,Maibach,H.I.How irritant is water?An overview.ContactDermatitis 41(6)(1999):311-314(描述由水作为刺激物引起的接触性皮炎)。然而,在某些实施方案中,提供水基组合物或允许存在有限量的水可以是可接受的。例如,可能存在水,但其量低于可能导致在施加至受损皮肤时的刺痛感的阙值。渗透休克或渗透胁迫是细胞周围溶质浓度的突然变化,导致水穿过其细胞膜的运动的快速变化。在高浓度的盐、基底或上清液中的任何溶质的条件下,通过渗透将水从细胞中抽出。这也抑制基底和辅助因子转运到细胞中,从而导致细胞“休克”。或者,在低浓度的溶质中,水大量进入细胞,导致其膨胀并破裂或经历细胞凋亡。如果希望使渗透休克最小化,可以有利地采用如本文所述的某些制剂。
可以使用药学上可接受的增稠剂将组合物的粘度维持在所选的水平。可用于制备具有水基质的粘性凝胶或乳膏的合适粘度增强剂或增稠剂包括聚丙烯酸钠、黄原胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸聚合物、角叉菜胶(carragenans)、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙氧基化聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙氧基化丙烯酸酯和聚乙氧基化烷烃硫醇。甲基纤维素是优选的,因为它获取容易、经济,并且易于使用。其他合适的增稠剂包括,例如,黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、卡波姆等。增稠剂的优选浓度将取决于所选的增稠剂。优选使用将达到所选粘度的量。粘性组合物通常通过添加这些增稠剂或通过采用具有可接受粘度水平的基质从溶液中制备。
合适的润肤剂包括烃油和蜡如矿物油、凡士林、石蜡、矿蜡、地蜡、微晶蜡、聚乙烯、角鲨烯、鲨烷、硅油、甘油三酯、乙酰甘油酯如乙酰化甘油单酯;乙氧基化甘油酯,如乙氧基化单硬脂酸甘油酯;脂肪酸或二羧酸的烷基酯。
用作润肤剂的合适的硅油包括二甲基聚硅氧烷、甲基(苯基)聚硅氧烷以及水溶性和醇溶性硅氧烷乙二醇共聚物。用作润肤剂的合适的甘油三酯包括植物和动物的脂肪和油,包括蓖麻油、红花油、棉籽油、玉米油、橄榄油、鱼肝油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、棕榈油、芝麻油和大豆油。
用作润肤剂的合适的羧酸或二酸的酯类包括脂肪酸的甲酯、异丙酯和丁酯。烷基酯的具体实例包括月桂酸己酯、月桂酸异己酯、棕榈酸异己酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、油酸癸酯、油酸异癸酯、硬脂酸十六烷基酯、硬脂酸癸酯、异硬脂酸异丙酯、乳酸二月桂酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯和乳酸十六烷基酯;脂肪酸的烯基酯如肉豆蔻酸油醇酯、硬脂酸油醇酯和油酸油醇酯。二酸的烷基酯的具体实例包括己二酸二异丙酯、己二酸二异己酯、己二酸双(己基癸基)酯和癸二酸二异丙酯。
可用于局部制剂的其他合适种类的润肤剂或乳化剂包括脂肪酸、脂肪醇、脂肪醇醚、乙氧基化脂肪醇、乙氧基化脂肪醇的脂肪酸酯和蜡。
用作润肤剂的脂肪酸的具体实例包括壬酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、羟基硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、蓖麻油酸、花生酸、山萮酸和芥酸。用作润肤剂的脂肪醇的具体实例包括月桂醇、肉豆蔻醇、鲸蜡醇、十六烷基醇、硬脂醇、异硬脂醇、羟基硬脂醇、油醇、蓖麻油醇、山萮醇和芥酸醇以及2-辛基十二烷醇。
适合于用作润肤剂的蜡的具体实例包括羊毛脂及其衍生物,包括羊毛脂油、羊毛脂蜡、羊毛脂醇、羊毛脂脂肪酸、羊毛脂异丙酯、乙氧基化羊毛脂、乙氧基化羊毛脂醇,乙氧基化胆固醇、丙氧基化羊毛脂醇、乙酰化羊毛脂、乙酰化羊毛脂醇、羊毛脂醇亚油酸酯、羊毛脂醇蓖麻油酸酯、羊毛脂醇蓖麻油酸乙酯、羊毛脂醇蓖麻油酸乙酯、乙氧基化醇酯的乙酸酯、羊毛脂的氢化物、氢化羊毛脂、乙氧基化氢化羊毛脂、乙氧基化山梨醇羊毛脂以及液体和半固体羊毛脂。也可用作蜡,包括烃蜡、酯蜡和酰胺蜡。有用的蜡包括蜡酯如蜂蜡、鲸蜡、肉豆蔻醇肉豆蔻酸酯和硬脂醇硬脂酸酯;蜂蜡衍生物,例如聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇蜂蜡;以及植物蜡,包括巴西棕榈蜡和小烛树蜡。
多元醇和聚醚衍生物可用作局部制剂中的溶剂和/或表面活性剂。合适的多元醇和聚醚包括丙二醇、二丙二醇、聚丙二醇2000和4000、聚(氧化乙烯-co-氧化丙烯)二醇、甘油、山梨糖醇、乙氧基化山梨糖醇、羟丙基山梨醇、聚乙二醇200-6000、甲氧基聚乙二醇350、550、750、2000和5000、聚[环氧乙烷]均聚物(100,000-5,000,000)、聚亚烷基二醇及衍生物、己二醇、2-甲基-2,4-戊二醇、1,3-丁二醇、1,2,6-己三醇、2-乙基-1,3-己二醇、具有15至18个碳原子的邻位二醇和三羟甲基丙烷的聚氧丙烯衍生物。
多元醇酯可用作乳化剂或润肤剂。合适的多元醇酯包括乙二醇单脂肪酸酯和二脂肪酸酯、二乙二醇单脂肪酸酯和二脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇(200-6000)单脂肪酸酯和二脂肪酸酯、丙二醇单脂肪酸酯和二脂肪酸酯、聚丙二醇2000单油酸酯、聚丙二醇2000单硬脂酸酯、乙氧基化丙二醇单硬脂酸酯、甘油单脂肪酸酯和二脂肪酸酯、聚甘油聚脂肪酸酯、乙氧基化单硬脂酸甘油酯、1,3-丁二醇单硬脂酸酯、1,3-丁二醇二硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯多元醇脂肪酸酯、山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯和聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐脂肪酸酯。
用于局部制剂的合适的乳化剂包括阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂。优选的离子乳化剂包括磷脂,如卵磷脂及衍生物。
卵磷脂和其他磷脂可用于制备含有如本文所述的肽组合物的脂质体。当将磷脂(如卵磷脂)置于水中并因此形成一个双层或一系列双层(每个双层由水分子分开)时,一旦提供足够的能量就会发生脂质囊泡的形成。脂质体可以通过在水中声处理磷脂来产生。低剪切率产生多层脂质体。持续的高剪切声处理倾向于形成较小的单层脂质体。疏水性化学物质可以溶解在磷脂双层膜中。脂质体的脂质双层递送如本文所述的肽组合物。
所述局部制剂可含有胶束,或分散在水溶液中的表面活性剂分子的聚集体。胶束可以通过将油溶剂分散在包含表面活性剂的水溶液中来制备,其中该表面活性剂浓度超过临界胶束浓度。所得制剂含有胶束,即由极性表面活性剂分子膜包围的球形油滴,分散在含水溶剂中。
甾醇包括例如胆固醇和胆固醇脂肪酸酯;酰胺如脂肪酸酰胺、乙氧基化脂肪酸酰胺和脂肪酸链烷醇酰胺也可用作润肤剂和/或渗透促进剂。
可以采用药学上可接受的防腐剂来增加组合物的保质期。可以采用用于局部制剂的其他合适的防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂,包括苯扎氯铵、苯甲醇、苯酚、尿素、对羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基化羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基化羟基茴香醚(BHA)、生育酚、硫柳汞、氯丁醇等及其混合物。如果采用防腐剂,如抗氧化剂,则基于所述组合物的总重量,浓度通常为约0.02%至约2%,但是取决于所选择的试剂,可能需要更大或更小的量。如本文所述,还原剂可有利地用于维持制剂的良好保质期。通常观察到实施方案的无水制剂展现出令人满意的稳定性,使得可以从制剂中省略防腐剂。
用于局部制剂的合适的螯合剂包括乙二胺四乙酸、其碱金属盐、其碱土金属盐、其铵盐以及其四烷基铵盐。
所述载体的pH优选为约4.0至10.0,更优选为约6.8至约7.8。可以使用缓冲溶液或其他pH调节剂来控制pH。合适的pH调节剂包括磷酸和/或磷酸盐、柠檬酸和/或柠檬酸盐、氢氧化盐(即,氢氧化钙、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾)和胺如三乙醇胺。合适的缓冲溶液包括含有磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钾溶液的缓冲液,维持pH在5.8和8之间;以及含有磷酸二氢钠和磷酸氢二钠溶液的缓冲液,维持pH在6和7.5之间。其他缓冲剂包括柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠和磷酸氢二钠/柠檬酸。所述实施方案的肽组合物优选与受体的血液或其他体液等渗。可以使用酒石酸钠、丙二醇或其他的无机或有机溶质来获得所述组合物的等渗性。氯化钠是特别优选的。可以采用缓冲剂,如乙酸和乙酸盐、柠檬酸和柠檬酸盐、硼酸和硼酸盐以及磷酸和磷酸盐。可能需要在制剂中包括还原剂,如维生素C、维生素E或制药领域中已知的其他还原剂。
表面活性剂也可用作赋形剂,例如,阴离子去污剂如十二烷基硫酸钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠和二辛基磺酸钠、阳离子去污剂如苯扎氯铵或苄索氯铵或非离子去污剂如聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚山梨醇酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甲基纤维素或羧甲基纤维素。
当通过皮下注射施用所述实施方案的肽制剂时,其优选为无热原、肠胃外可接受的水溶液或油性悬浮液、乳液或溶液的形式。悬浮液可根据本领域熟知的方法使用合适的分散剂或润湿剂和悬浮剂进行配制。具有合适性质(例如,pH、等渗性、稳定性等)的可接受的水性或非水性溶液的制备在本领域技术范围内。例如,可以采用等渗载体如1,3-丁二醇、水、等渗氯化钠溶液、林格氏溶液、葡萄糖溶液、葡萄糖和氯化钠溶液、乳酸林格氏溶液或本领域已知的其他媒介物,或者可以常规采用固定油作为溶剂或悬浮介质,例如合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯、脂肪酸等。所述肽制剂还还可含有稳定剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、抗氧化剂或本领域技术人员已知的其他添加剂。
在某些实施方案中,包含具有药理活性的其他药剂可能是有利的。抗感染剂包括但不限于驱虫剂(甲苯咪唑),抗生素,包括氨基糖苷类(庆大霉素、新霉素、妥布霉素)、抗真菌抗生素(两性霉素b、氟康唑、灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、酮康唑、制霉菌素、咪康唑、托萘酯)、头孢菌素类(头孢克洛、头孢唑啉、头孢噻肟、头孢他啶、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢氨苄)、β-内酰胺类抗生素(头孢替坦、美罗培南)、氯霉素、大环内酯类(阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、红霉素)、青霉素类(青霉素G钠盐、阿莫西林、氨苄青霉素、双氯西林、萘夫西林、哌拉西林、替卡西林)、四环素类(强力霉素、米诺环素、四环素)、杆菌肽、克林霉素、多粘菌素E甲磺酸钠、硫酸多粘菌素b、万古霉素,抗病毒剂,包括阿昔洛韦、金刚烷胺、去羟肌苷、依法韦仑、膦甲酸、更昔洛韦、茚地那韦、拉米夫定、奈非那韦、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、司他夫定、伐昔洛韦、缬更昔洛韦、齐多夫定、喹诺酮类(环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星)、磺胺类(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺异恶唑)、砜类(氨苯砜)、呋喃唑酮、甲硝唑、喷他脒、结晶磺胺、加替沙星和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶。麻醉剂可包括但不限于乙醇、布比卡因、氯普鲁卡因、左布比卡因、利多卡因、甲哌卡因、普鲁卡因、罗哌卡因、丁卡因、地氟醚、异氟醚、氯胺酮、异丙酚、七氟醚、可待因、芬太尼、氢吗啡酮、马卡因、哌替啶、美沙酮、吗啡、羟考酮、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼、布托啡诺、纳布啡、曲马多、苯佐卡因、地布卡因、氯乙烷、利多卡因和非那吡啶。抗炎剂包括但不限于非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs),如阿司匹林、塞来昔布、三水杨酸胆碱镁、双氯芬酸钾、双氯芬酸钠、二氟尼柳、依托度酸、非诺洛芬、氟比洛芬、布洛芬、吲哚美辛、酮洛芬、酮咯酸、甲芬那酸(melenamicacid)、萘丁美酮、萘普生、萘普生钠、奥沙普秦、吡罗昔康、罗非昔布、双水杨酸酯、舒林酸和托美汀;以及皮质类固醇如可的松、氢化可的松、甲基泼尼松龙、泼尼松、泼尼松龙、倍他米松、二丙酸倍氯米松、布地奈德、地塞米松磷酸钠、氟尼缩松、丙酸氟替卡松、曲安奈德、倍他米松、醋酸氟轻松、二丙酸倍他米松、戊酸倍他米松、地奈德、去羟米松、氟轻松、曲安奈德、丙酸氯倍他索和地塞米松。
在某些实施方案中,可以改进润肤剂、乳剂稳定剂、保湿剂、赋形剂和其他化合物的添加来增强局部制剂的感官性质,包括但不限于:皮肤感觉(柔滑、轻盈、乳脂状等)、吸收性(产品失去湿润感觉并且不再在皮肤上感知的所需时间)、稠度、坚实度、铺展性(例如粘度、流动开始、剪切速率)、粘性、形状完整性、光泽度、亲水性或疏水性等。优选地,组合物将具有高铺展性和低粘度性质。已经证明具有这类性质的组合物具有增强的“柔滑”或“轻盈”的皮肤感觉评价(参见例如Bekker,M.Webber,G.,Louw,N.Relating rheologicalmeasurements to primary and secondary skin feeling when mineral-based andFischer-Tropsch wax-based cosmetic emulsions and jellies are applied to theskin,International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2013,35(4),pp.354-61)。
所述组合物可有利地用作富含血小板的血浆(PRP)的载体,该PRP是富含有血小板的血浆。作为自体血小板的浓缩来源,PRP含有几种不同的生长因子和其他可刺激软组织愈合的细胞因子。富含血小板的血浆疗法以自体方式利用存在于血小板α颗粒中的生长因子,例如,用于治疗雄激素性脱发、伤口愈合、面部年轻化等。对于PRP的制备,使用各种方案制备PRP并且不存在标准方案,但主要原理本质上涉及将血小板浓缩至生理值的3-5倍的浓度,并随后将该浓缩的血浆注射到需要愈合或效果的组织中。这类制剂在阴道再生应用中可能特别有利。
稳定性测试
局部制剂的稳定性测试可以如下进行。
高温测试现在通常用作长期稳定性的预测指标。高温测试可在37℃(98℉)和45℃(113℉)下进行。如果产品在45℃下储存三个月(并且展现出可接受的稳定性),那么它应该在室温下稳定两年。当然,该产品必须在25℃(77℉)下储存一年的时间。良好的控制温度为4℃(39℉),其中大多数产品将展现出良好的稳定性。该产品也应该经受-10℃(14℉)三个月。
所述产品应该通过-10℃(14℉)至25℃(77℉)的三个温度测试循环。将该产品在-10℃下放置24小时,并将其在室温下(25℃)放置24小时。这完成了一个循环。如果该产品通过三个循环,那么你可以对该产品的稳定性有很好的信心。更严格的测试是-10℃至45℃的五循环测试。这会使乳剂置于巨大的压力下,如果它通过该测试,则表明你有一个高度稳定的产品。
(水包油乳剂的)分散相具有分离并上升至乳剂顶部形成油滴层的趋势。这种现象称为乳状液分层(creaming)。乳状液分层是即将发生乳剂不稳定的最初迹象之一。预测乳状液分层的测试方法是离心。将乳剂加热至50℃(122℉)并以3000rpm将其离心30分钟。然后检查所得产品是否有乳状液分层的迹象。
配方和包装二者均可对UV辐射敏感。该产品放置于玻璃器皿中,并且实际包装放置于具有广谱输出的灯箱中。完全用铝箔覆盖的另一个玻璃罐用作对照。可以观察到该产品变色。
对于所有上述测试,可以观察到颜色、气味/香味、粘度、pH值以及(如果有的话)在显微镜下的粒度均匀性和/或颗粒聚团。
用于非侵入性使用和与侵入性程序一起使用的试剂盒
本文提供的方法和组合物的一些实施方案包含本文提供的肽的试剂盒。在一些实施方案中,可以向施用医师、其他保健专业人员、患者或护理人员提供试剂盒。在一些实施方案中,试剂盒包含在合适的局部制剂中含有所述肽组合物的容器以及关于将所述肽组合物施用于受试者的说明书。该试剂盒还可任选地含有一种或多种另外的治疗剂或其他药剂。例如,含有局部形式的肽组合物的试剂盒可以连同其他护肤剂(如清洁剂、闭塞性保湿剂、渗透性保湿剂、遮光剂、防晒霜等)一起提供。该试剂盒可含有散装形式的肽组合物,或者可含有单独剂量的肽组合物以用于连续或顺序施用。该试剂盒可任选地含有一种或多种诊断工具、施用工具和/或使用说明书。该试剂盒可含有合适的递送装置,如注射器、泵分配器、单剂量包装等,连同关于施用肽组合物和任何其他治疗剂或有益药剂的说明书。该试剂盒可任选地含有用于储存、重建(如果适用)和施用所包括的任何或所有治疗或有益药剂的说明书。该试剂盒可包括多个容器,其反映了要给予受试者的施用次数,或者要施用于受试者的不同产品。
除了如本文所述的三肽和六肽如棕榈酰六肽-12和棕榈酰三肽-1之外,所述局部肽制剂可含有其他成分。例如,其他成分可包括环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物、季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、十一烯酸庚酯、野生大豆(大豆)油、泛醇三乙酸酯、柚皮素、山金车蒙大拿提取物、杜氏盐藻提取物、二硬脂二甲铵锂蒙脱石、生育酚、角鲨烷、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、司拉氯铵水辉石和碳酸丙烯酯。在一些实施方案中,所述制剂被配置为在整容手术之前、期间和之后支持皮肤,并且还对皮肤自身的自然再生过程起作用并有助于改善皮肤的外观。所述局部肽制剂可以在术后立即施加以用于更快地恢复,或通常用于使皮肤看起来更健康。所述肽制剂可以增加皮肤中弹性蛋白的天然水平、改善现有弹性蛋白的质量、刺激胶原蛋白产生的增加,并且展现出高抗氧化活性,以减少炎症、发红和刺激。所述局部肽制剂适用于所有皮肤类型和术后皮肤。所述局部制剂可以以散装形式提供给患者,以允许患者自行施用合适量的肽。例如,患者可以施加足以在受影响的区域上提供均匀涂层的量的制剂,或者医生另有指示。在某些实施方案中,可能需要将另加的治疗剂或活性剂掺入局部制剂中。或者,可以单独施用辅助疗法或药剂。例如,可以提供清洁剂、防晒霜、遮光剂、渗透性保湿剂和/或闭塞性保湿剂以用于在所述实施方案的局部组合物之前或之后施用。
所述局部肽组合物可与温和清洁剂结合使用。温和的自发泡清洁剂可去除皮肤上的杂质,而不会干燥或刺激皮肤。该温和清洁剂可含有保湿剂和维生素的混合物,旨在清洁、舒缓和软化皮肤,而不会破坏皮肤微妙的水分平衡。在使用中,清洁剂可软化、舒缓和滋润皮肤,彻底去除环境污染物和化妆品,其不含硫酸盐,并且适用于敏感肌肤的术后使用。在一个实施方案中,该温和清洁剂包含水、C14-16烯烃磺酸钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱、丙烯酸酯共聚物、PEG/PPG-8/3二异硬脂酸酯、燕麦(燕麦)仁提取物、泛醇、甘油、β-葡聚糖、红没药醇、薰衣草(薰衣草)油、甜橙(橙)皮油、二氧化钛、氧化锡、合成氟金云母、EDTA二钠、苯氧乙醇、乙基己基甘油、柠檬酸和氢氧化钠。
所述局部肽组合物可与闭塞性保湿剂结合使用。该闭塞性保湿剂是一种软膏,其被配制为滋润皮肤,并且在整容手术后立即与身体自发的天然再生过程一起起作用。它保护和增强皮肤的术后结果。该闭塞性保湿剂可软化、舒缓和滋润肌肤,支持术后皮肤更新,帮助恢复皮肤水分平衡,滋润干燥和受损皮肤,并且适用于术后皮肤和极度干燥的皮肤。在一个实施方案中,该闭塞性保湿剂包含凡士林、微晶蜡、酸浆提取物、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、牛油果树(乳木果油)提取物、红没药醇和生育酚。
所述局部肽组合物可与渗透性保湿剂结合使用。该保湿剂是一种富含神经酰胺的保湿保湿剂,其被配制为帮助重建肌肤的天然屏障功能,该功能可能会在整容手术后受到损害。该保湿剂含有帮助促进和维持皮肤的屏障功能的滋润成分、抗氧化剂和舒缓的植物营养素。该保湿剂有助于恢复水分平衡,软化、舒缓和滋润肌肤,抑制自由基,补充和提亮暗沉、干燥的肌肤。该保湿剂适用于所有皮肤类型和术后皮肤。在一个实施方案中,该渗透性保湿剂包含水、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、鲸蜡醇乙基己酸酯、鲸蜡硬脂醇、角鲨烷、烟酰胺、聚二甲基硅氧烷、鲸蜡硬脂基葡糖苷、硬脂酸甘油酯、PEG-100硬脂酸酯、丙二醇、神经酰胺3、植物甾醇、牛油果树(乳木果油)提取物、牛油果树(乳木果油)、油橄榄(橄榄)果油、透明质酸钠、β-葡聚糖、水解豌豆蛋白、杜氏盐藻提取物、木糖醇葡萄糖苷、脱水木糖醇、木糖醇、甘油、卵磷脂、辛二醇、辛酰氧肟酸、黄原胶、EDTA二钠、乙基己基甘油和苯氧乙醇。
所述局部肽组合物可与遮光剂结合使用。该遮光剂可以具有合适的SPF,如SPF 10+、SPF 15+、SPF 20+、SPF 30+、SPF 40+、SPF 50+或更高。该遮光剂可以是广谱和防水的,如80分钟或更长时间的遮光剂。该遮光剂可包括抗氧化剂、保湿剂和皮肤舒缓植物营养素。该遮光剂可以每日使用,也可以在面部护理后立即使用。该遮光剂提供广谱UVA/UVB防晒,保湿面部UV防护,其是不致粉刺的,适用于手术后使用,不含香料并且不含防腐剂。该遮光剂的活性成分可包括氧化锌(例如,10重量%)和甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯(例如,7.5重量%)。在一个实施方案中,该遮光剂包含水、棕榈酸乙基己酯、环聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、月桂基甲基聚硅氧烷共聚醇、丁二醇、生育酚乙酸酯、氯化钠、石栗(可可坚果)籽油、茶叶(绿茶)提取物、黄瓜(黄瓜)果提取物、库拉索芦荟(芦荟)叶提取物、四己基癸醇抗坏血酸酯、尿囊素、透明质酸钠、EDTA二钠、甲基异噻唑啉酮、乙基己基甘油和香料。
在一个实施方案中,提供了用于与如本文所述的侵入性皮肤程序结合使用的试剂盒。该试剂盒(被称为“侵入性试剂盒”)包括局部肽组合物、闭塞性保湿剂、温和清洁剂、渗透性保湿剂和广谱SPF 30+遮光剂。
在另一个实施方案中,提供了用于与改善皮肤健康结合但不与侵入性皮肤程序结合使用的试剂盒。该试剂盒(被称为“非侵入性试剂盒”)包括局部肽组合物、温和清洁剂、渗透性保湿剂和广谱SPF 30+遮光剂。
乳膏、软膏、洗剂、溶液、凝胶、喷雾剂和贴剂的各种实例可以作为活性成分掺入如本文所述的肽组合物,与渗透增强剂和皮肤上协同作用的其他活性剂组合以用于促进伤口愈合或伤口闭合或慢性皮肤伤口治疗。
口服补充剂
虽然可以有利地采用本文公开的肽的局部施用,但在某些实施方案中可能需要全身施用。在这样的实施方案中,将肽配制成适合于口服施用的组合物,但也考虑了其他施用途径。
如本文所述的肽组合物可以独立地施用于受试者,或者在组合物中与其他活性剂(如在组合疗法中,或与载体、稀释剂、赋形剂或其组合物)混合。制剂取决于所选择的施用途径。本文所述化合物的制剂和施用技术是本领域技术人员已知的(参见,例如,“Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy”,Lippincott Williams&Wilkins;第20版(2003年6月1日)和“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,”Mack Pub.Co.;第18版和第19版(分别为1985年12月和1990年6月)。
本文公开的肽组合物可通过本身已知的方法制成可施用的形式,例如通过常规混合、溶解、制粒、制糖衣、研磨、乳化、包封、包埋、压片或提取方法。
本领域存在的多种施用化合物的技术包括但不限于口服、直肠、局部、气雾剂、注射和胃肠外递送,该注射和胃肠外递送包括肌肉内、皮下、静脉内、髓内注射、鞘内、直接心室内、腹膜内、鼻内和眼内注射。本文考虑的是前述或本领域普通技术人员已知的其他方法(参见,例如,“Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy”,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins;第20版(2003年6月1日)和“Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,”Mack Pub.Co.;第18版和第19版(分别为1985年12月和1990年6月)的任何组合。
在实践中,根据常规药物复合技术,所述肽可以作为活性成分与药物载体紧密混合。如在局部制剂中那样维持肽彼此的比例,然而,优选地使赋形剂最小化以确保以紧凑的形式施用适量的肽。在其最简单的形式中,可以将所述肽直接添加至例如明胶胶囊或软胶囊中以供患者服用。在其他实施方案中,可以采用载体。载体可以取决于施用所需的制剂的形式而采取多种形式。因此,本文提供的肽组合物可以作为适合于口服施用的离散单位存在,如胶囊、扁囊剂或片剂,每个均含有预定量的活性成分。此外,所述肽组合物可以作为油、粉末、作为颗粒、作为溶液、作为水性液体中的悬浮液、作为非水性液体、作为水包油乳剂或作为油包水液体乳剂存在,类似于本文其他地方描述的局部制剂,但使用了适合于人类服用的组分。除了上面列出的常见剂型之外,本文提供的肽组合物还可以通过控释和/或递送装置施用。所述肽组合物可以通过任何药学方法制备。通常,这些方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种必需成分的载体结合的步骤。通常,通过将肽成分与液体载体或细碎的固体载体或两者均匀且紧密地混合来制备肽组合物。然后可以方便地将产品成形为所需的外观。
肽制剂也可以以局部而非全身的方式进行施用,例如,通过将肽组合物直接注射至靶区域,例如在长效制剂或缓释制剂中。此外,所述肽的靶向药物递送系统可以用于例如覆盖有组织特异性抗体的脂质体中。
所述肽组合物可含有对于所需治疗效果有效的量的肽。在一些实施方案中,所述肽组合物是单位剂型,并且每单位剂型包含约0.1mg或更少至约5000mg或更多的肽。在进一步的实施方案中,所述肽组合物包含每单位剂型约1至约500mg或每单位剂型约500至5000mg的肽。这些剂型可以是固体、半固体、液体、乳剂或适合于通过气雾剂递送等。
所采用的载体可以是例如固体、液体或气体。固体载体的实例包括乳糖、白土、蔗糖、滑石粉、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸。液体载体的实例是糖浆、花生油、橄榄油、低级醇和水。气体载体的实例包括二氧化碳和氮气。
可以将本文提供的肽组合物制备成肽在水或非水性液体中的溶液或悬浮液。可以包括合适的表面活性剂,例如羟丙基纤维素。分散体也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇及其在油中的混合物中制备。此外,可以包括防腐剂以例如防止微生物的有害生长。
本文提供的适用于可注射用途的肽组合物包括无菌水溶液或分散体。此外,所述肽组合物可以是无菌粉末的形式以用于临时制备这种无菌可注射溶液或分散体。所述肽组合物必须在制造和储存条件下稳定;因此,优选地应该防止微生物如细菌和真菌的污染作用。所述载体可以是溶剂或分散介质,含有例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇)、植物油及其合适的混合物。
除了上述载体成分之外,上述肽制剂可以适当地包括一种或多种另外的载体成分如稀释剂、缓冲剂、调味剂、粘合剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、润滑剂、防腐剂(包括抗氧化剂)等。此外,可以包括其他佐剂以使所述制剂与预期接受者的血液或其他体液等渗。肽组合物也可以以粉末或液体浓缩物形式制备以用于稀释。
本文考虑的是包括如本文所述的肽与至少一种另外的活性剂组合的肽组合物。所述肽和所述至少一种另外的活性剂可以存在于单一制剂中或一起提供的多种制剂中,或者可以是未配制的。在一些实施方案中,所述肽可以与一种或多种另外的试剂一起在单一组合物中施用。例如,所述肽可以在一种组合物中施用,并且至少一种另外的试剂可以在第二种组合物中施用。在进一步的实施方案中,将所述肽和所述至少一种另外的活性剂组合包装在试剂盒中。例如,药品制造商、药物经销商、医师、复合商店或药剂师可以提供包含所述肽与另一种产品或组分组合的试剂盒以用于递送至患者。这些另外的组分可包括抗感染剂、抗炎剂、麻醉剂等。
本文所述的一些实施方案涉及肽的口服组合物,其可包括治疗有效量的本文所述的肽和药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、赋形剂或其组合。所述肽组合物可包括量为例如>1%、≥2%、≥3%、≥4%、≥5%、≥6%、≥7%、≥8%、≥9%、≥10%、≥20%、≥30%、≥40%、≥50%、≥60%、≥70%、≥80%、≥90%、≥95%或≥98%的组合物的肽。如本文其他地方所述,第一肽和第二肽以1份第一肽(或第一肽)与约1-2份第二肽(或第二肽)的重量比存在于组合物中。
实施例
实施例1A:肽制剂
制备几种含有肽的局部制剂,其包含第一肽和第二肽与赋形剂组合。评估如此制备的制剂用作局部制剂的适宜性,包括皮肤感觉和稳定性。如下表中那样制备所述制剂。
配方1A
配方2A
配方3A
成分 | % |
环戊硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷-11 | 92.718 |
泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素 | 2.000 |
山金车蒙大拿提取物 | 2.000 |
杜氏盐藻提取物 | 1.000 |
角鲨烷 | 2.000 |
生长激素释放肽-2 | 0.032 |
1,3-丙二醇 | 0.250 |
配方4A
配方5A
配方6A
配方7A
成分 | % |
环戊硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷-11 | 92.718 |
泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素 | 2.000 |
山金车蒙大拿提取物 | 2.000 |
杜氏盐藻提取物 | 1.00 |
角鲨烷 | 2.000 |
生长激素释放肽-6 | 0.032 |
1,3-丙二醇 | 0.250 |
配方8A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方9A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方10A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方11A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方12A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以0.01wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方13A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以0.01wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方14A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以0.01wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方15A
*以0.055wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以0.03wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
配方16A
*以0.03wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以0.03wt.%存在于制剂中;以100ppm存在于载体中。
实施例1B:肽制剂
制备一系列制剂以评估多种组分对粘度和稳定性的影响。如上所述,磷脂酰丝氨酸和橄榄苦苷难以溶解。
起始制剂——配方1B具有大约5200cPs的粘度。配方2B具有大约6100cPs的粘度。配方3B具有大约7000cPs的粘度。制剂2B和3B各自采用不同的基质,其中环戊硅氧烷提供更高的粘度。该对比试验的结果表明,环戊硅氧烷能够在制剂中提供比异十二烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物-3更理想的粘度水平。
配方4B具有大约8000cPs的粘度。配方5B(其包括环戊硅氧烷作为基质)展现出大约9500cPs的粘度。配方6B(其使用环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物(DC9045)和十一烯酸庚酯)展现出大约28000cPs的粘度。该对比试验的结果表明,环戊硅氧烷能够在制剂中提供比异十二烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物-3更理想的粘度水平。该试验进一步证明,环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物和十一烯酸庚酯的组合展现出可接受的粘度水平。
配方7B类似于配方6B,但还包括1%的棕榈酰三肽,其展现出大约16000cPs的粘度——低于配方6B的粘度,但仍然高得可以接受。在配方8B中,棕榈酰三肽的量增加至3%,并添加磷脂酰丝氨酸(类脂PS P 70),以及0.025%的橄榄苦苷80%。发现类脂PS P 70和橄榄苦苷在十一烯酸庚酯中展现出差的溶解性。在配方9B中,十一烯酸庚酯的浓度降低至2.5%,添加辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷以溶解类脂PS P 70,其增加至0.05%,并且橄榄苦苷80%增加至0.05%。配方9B的粘度为大约5000cPs。数据表明,辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷有效地溶解磷脂酰丝氨酸和橄榄苦苷;然而,以粘度为代价获得了更高的稳定性。
进行试验以评估向制剂中添加另外的十一烯酸庚酯的可行性。在配方10B中,十一烯酸庚酯的浓度从2.5%增加至8.75%。配方10B展现出分离和不稳定性,并且具有大约1800cPs的粘度。在配方11B中,十一烯酸庚酯的浓度从8.75%增加至16.75%。配方11B展现出分离和不稳定性,并且具有大约400cPs的粘度。这些试验的结果证实,尽管存在辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷,但由于磷脂酰丝氨酸和橄榄苦苷的溶解性问题,提高十一烯酸庚酯的水平导致制剂的不稳定性。
研究了其他策略以增加粘度同时保持稳定性。在配方12B中,含有棕榈酰六肽-12的基质的浓度从5.5%降低至3%,伴随环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物相应地增加,产生粘度为大约24000cPs的制剂。在配方13B中,棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度从3%降低至2%,并且去除十一烯酸庚酯以增加粘度和稳定性,得到具有大约47000cPs粘度的制剂。在配方14B中,棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度增加回到3%并去除十一烯酸庚酯,产生具有大约34000cPs粘度的制剂。该试验结果表明,即使在十一烯酸庚酯的存在下,减少含有棕榈酰基六肽-12的基质有利于环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物使粘度增加至理想水平,从而得到稳定的制剂。
对于局部制剂,通常优选400cPs至50000cPs的粘度水平,例如1000cPs至30000cPs、或10000cPs至25000cPs或20000cPs至25000cPs。
配方1B
成分 | %(wt.) |
异十二烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物-3 | 95.468 |
毛苦蘵提取物 | 1.000 |
山金车蒙大拿提取物 | 2.000 |
积雪草提取物 | 0.250 |
角鲨烷 | 1.000 |
生长激素释放肽-2 | 0.032 |
1,3-丙二醇 | 0.250 |
配方2B
成分 | %(wt.) |
异十二烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物-3 | 92.718 |
泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素 | 2.000 |
山金车蒙大拿提取物 | 2.000 |
杜氏盐藻提取物 | 1.000 |
角鲨烷 | 2.000 |
生长激素释放肽-2 | 0.032 |
1,3-丙二醇 | 0.250 |
配方3B
成分 | %(wt.) |
环戊硅氧烷、聚硅氧烷-11 | 92.718 |
泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素 | 2.000 |
山金车蒙大拿提取物 | 2.000 |
杜氏盐藻提取物 | 1.000 |
角鲨烷 | 2.000 |
生长激素释放肽-2 | 0.032 |
1,3-丙二醇 | 0.250 |
配方4B
配方5B
配方6B
配方7B
配方8B
配方9B
配方10B
配方11B
配方12B
配方13B
配方14B
实施例1C:
制备示例性制剂。
示例性配方1C
示例性配方2C
成分 | %(wt.) |
环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物 | 82-92 |
十一烯酸庚酯 | 1-4 |
棕榈酰六肽-12 | 0.01-0.1 |
棕榈酰三肽-1 | 0.01-0.1 |
其他组分 | 剩余部分 |
示例性配方3C
成分 | %(wt.) |
环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物 | 82-92 |
棕榈酰六肽-12 | 0.01-0.1 |
棕榈酰三肽-1 | 0.01-0.1 |
辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷 | 0.25-1 |
磷脂酰丝氨酸 | 0.05-0.1 |
橄榄苦苷 | 0.05-0.1 |
其他组分 | 剩余部分 |
示例性配方4C
示例性配方5C
成分 | %(wt.) |
环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物 | 82-92 |
十一烯酸庚酯 | 1-4 |
棕榈酰六肽-12 | 0.01-0.1 |
棕榈酰三肽-1 | 0.01-0.1 |
辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷 | 0.25-1 |
磷脂酰丝氨酸 | 0.05-0.1 |
橄榄苦苷 | 0.05-0.1 |
其他组分 | 剩余部分 |
示例性配方6C
示例性配方7C
*以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以100ppm存在于载体中。
示例性配方8C
*以100ppm存在于载体中。
**以100ppm存在于载体中。
示例性配方9C
成分 | %(wt.) |
环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物 | 82-92 |
十一烯酸庚酯 | 1-4 |
含有棕榈酰六肽-12(100ppm)的载体 | 2-5 |
含有棕榈酰三肽-1(100ppm)的载体 | 2-5 |
辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷 | 0.25-1 |
磷脂酰丝氨酸/卵磷脂 | 0.05-0.1 |
橄榄苦苷 | 0.05-0.1 |
其他组分 | 3.5-14 |
示例性配方10C
示例性配方11C
实施例2:激光伤口研究
进行激光伤口研究,其中受试者在他或她的前臂上接受3mm铒CO2激光光斑。在伤后18天观察到伤口愈合进展。一半受试者使用在无水硅氧烷弹性体凝胶基质中含有1.0wt.%的GKH和5.5wt.%的VGVAPGA的局部制剂(本文中称为“双肽”)每天至少一次处理其伤口,持续18天。另一半受试者遵循相同的伤后治疗方案,但使用对照制剂代替双肽制剂。该对照是来自Beiersdorf Inc.,Wilton,CT的(包含凡士林、泛醇、甘油和红没药醇)或未治疗。在图4A中,图表描绘了在伤后18天的过程中,接受双肽治疗与对照治疗的受试者的伤口外观。对于接受双肽治疗的受试者而言,伤口外观更优,其与对照相比在第2至14天具有显著性差异。在图4B中,数据表明,对于第2天至第18天接受双肽治疗的受试者而言,上皮融合更优,其在这些天的每一天中两种治疗之间具有显著差异。图4C中所描绘的数据显示了第1天至第18天接受双肽治疗的受试者结壳/结痂较少,其与第1天至第14天接受双肽治疗的受试者具有显著性差异。
实施例3:激光伤口研究
进行遵循与实施例2相同的方案的研究,其包括除双肽和对照之外的商业伤口护理治疗的试验。图5A提供了结壳/结痂数据,该数据表明双肽治疗在第1天至第18天优于对照,并且在第2天至第11天优于图5B-D是第4天时对于三个不同伤口的伤口外观照片,每个伤口用双肽(图5B)、对照治疗(图5C)或(图5D)进行处理。照片表明,双肽治疗在伤口上展现出最少量的结壳或结痂。
实施例4:激光伤口研究
进行激光伤口研究,其中受试者在他或她的前臂上接受1mm铒CO2激光光斑,该光斑穿透表皮并深入真皮。受试者在接受激光伤口之前接受局部麻醉注射。在接受激光伤口之前,每个受试者每天多次施加双肽,持续两周(伤前1-14天)。一半受试者在接受激光伤口后每天至少一次接受双肽治疗,持续9天,并且另一半受试者在接受激光伤口后每天多次接受治疗,持续9天。图6A-B提供了与伤口外观(图6A)和结壳/结痂(图6B)有关的数据,证明了在激光皮肤手术之前用双肽预处理两周和术后用双肽或治疗的伤口愈合益处。在图6A中,提供了伤后第1天到第4天、第7天、第9天双肽治疗与治疗的伤口外观数据,其中在伤后第9天具有有意义的差异。在图6B中,比较了在伤后第1天至第4天、第7天、第9天双肽治疗与治疗的结壳/结痂的差异,其中在第1天至第4天具有显著性差异。图6C-D提供了在第9天伤后双肽治疗(图6C)和伤后治疗(图6D)的拍摄的伤口图片,证明了与双肽预处理和后处理相关的更优的伤口愈合。
实施例5:激光美学治疗研究
人类受试者接受面部美容激光治疗。该激光治疗利用Encore ActiveFXTMCO2激光器。治疗方案包括在面部美容激光治疗之前进行21天的双肽预处理。术后,患者在第1-14天(如本文所述的“侵入性试剂盒”)和第14天以后(如本文所述的“非侵入性试剂盒”)用双肽进行处理。照片展示了治疗前(图7A)、激光治疗后第4天(图7B)和激光治疗后第9天(图7C)的患者图像。到激光治疗后第9天(术后),患者的皮肤似乎已从手术中完全恢复。
实施例6:胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白mRNA研究
将成纤维细胞单层暴露于双肽48小时。将mRNA产量与经受暴露于对照的一组成纤维细胞的mRNA产量进行比较。48小时后,收获成纤维细胞单层并从细胞裂解物中提取mRNA。经受双肽的成纤维细胞的弹性蛋白(ELN)mRNA水平比对照成纤维细胞高三倍以上。该双肽还刺激成纤维细胞以产生与对照相比超过两倍增加的胶原蛋白(COL1A1)mRNA产量。图8描绘了将成纤维细胞单层暴露于双肽组合物的研究结果。将一组成纤维细胞暴露于双肽48小时,而第二组接受对照处理48小时。然后收获细胞并从细胞裂解物中提取mRNA。双肽处理的细胞的弹性蛋白(ELN)mRNA水平是对照成纤维细胞的3倍以上。胶原蛋白(COL1A1)mRNA产量是对照成纤维细胞的两倍多。数据表明双肽显著上调胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白mRNA。
实施例7:预处理
预处理的概念类似于在伤口愈合中实施的伤口床制备概念。预处理可以描述为皮肤床准备。为了使治疗剂在慢性伤口中的愈合能力最大化,必须对该床进行清创和准备,确保蛋白酶和细胞因子的浓度达到平衡以避免这些治疗剂从伤口床内或从这些慢性伤口产生的腐蚀性伤口液中溶解或降解。参见,例如,Wound repair and regeneration:officialpublication of the Wound Healing Society[and]the European Tissue RepairSociety 2011;19(3):287-91。
以同样的方式,慢性光老化皮肤需要充分的准备以确保治疗程序在其再生能力方面得到优化。然而,背景环境是不同的。在进行再生可之前,必须进行细胞外基质(ECM)的调节。在皮肤受损的情况下,这通常涉及对抗ECM蛋白(主要是胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白和一些糖胺聚糖)的过度分裂和凝集,该ECM蛋白收集在抗蛋白酶消化的无组织束中。结果是细胞与细胞功能失调和细胞与基质的交互作用以及低效的持续修复。参见,例如,Fligiel S,VaraniJ,Datta S,Kang S,Fisher G,Voorhees JJ.Collagen Degradation in Aged/Photodamaged Skin InVivo and After Exposure to Matrix Metalloproteinase-1InVitro.The Journal of investigative dermatology 2003;120:842-8。换肤手术通常导致胶原蛋白变性,从而产生额外的破碎并增加ECM的负荷。
预处理的理论基于这样的前提,即帮助这些ECM束的降解过程有助于清除ECM,从而改善细胞和基质的交互作用。这允许修复的再生阶段在过程中更早发生,从而促进更有效的愈合。
以明胶形式存在的变性胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白片段和涉及清除这些片段的主要蛋白酶为金属蛋白酶(MMP)2和9,即明胶酶。参见,例如,Simeon A,Monier F,Emonard H等人.Expression and Activation of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Wounds:Modulationby the Tripeptide–Copper Complex Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Cu2F.The Journalof investigative dermatology 1999;112:957-62。MMP功能和活性的平衡对于正常的伤口愈合极为重要——慢性伤口展现出过量的MMP活性,伴有破坏包括来源于胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白刺激再生的马曲金汰(matrikine)片段的大部分EMC。因此,预处理旨在暂时性增加MMP(特别是2和9)的水平,以便降解ECM片段束,并随后允许新变性的胶原蛋白片段在相对清除的ECM中刺激再生。
显然,寻求炎症和蛋白酶活性的平衡,并且tri-hex技术引入更高水平的MMP 2和9,该MMP 2和9在愈合过程中的不同时间分泌。研究表明,GHK能够调节伤口中MMP的表达和活化。在伤口腔室植入后第3天至第22天,在伤口模型中检测到MMP-2不断增加,而MMP 9的表达增加是短暂的,与嗜中性粒细胞浸润、单核细胞及巨噬细胞活性以及早期吞噬作用一致。然后MMP2在接下来的3周左右继续清除基质,清除血管生成和血管重建的途径。图9包括显示针对MMP-2的明胶分解活性(峰面积/μg蛋白质)随时间变化的图。虚线是相比于对照(实线)将GHK施加至伤口腔室。从第3天开始,GHK激活MMP-2(明胶酶,Y轴)的程度远远超过对照,并且在第18-22天达到峰值。图10包括显示明胶分解活性(峰面积/μg蛋白质)随时间变化的图。虚线是相比于对照(实线)将GHK施加至伤口腔室。从第12天开始,GHK激活MMP-2(明胶酶,Y轴)的程度远远超过对照,并且在第18-22天达到峰值。参见Simeon等人,JInvest Dermatol 112:957–964,1999。
肽,如本文公开的三肽,在胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白再生之前刺激与细胞外基质清除相关的MMP-2水平增加。MMP-2与脂肪生成——新的健康脂肪的生成之间也存在直接关系。脂肪生成是有利的,因为它可以提供抗衰老、皮肤饱满和清新效果的丰盈效果。脂肪组织(AT)扩张和消退是响应于营养状况的良好控制过程。扩张由肥大(其中现有的脂肪细胞体积增加)和增生(其中新形成的脂肪细胞从前体细胞分化(脂肪生成))组成。组织生长还与血管生成和细胞外基质(ECM)的强烈蛋白水解重塑相关联。所有这些过程部分地受基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)系统的调节。已观察到MMP缺乏与AT发育受损相关联。一些研究表明,明胶酶亚群(MMP-2和MMP-9)由AT分泌,并且它们的活性在AT扩张/消退期间得以调节。在肥胖患者中观察到MMP-2的血浆水平升高,并且这些水平在减肥手术后下降。基于用大鼠、小鼠(3T3-F442A和3T3-L1细胞系)和人前脂肪细胞进行的体外研究,已经表明明胶酶在脂肪细胞分化中的作用。
已经证明了MMP-2在体外前脂肪细胞分化中的作用,以及使用具有遗传缺陷、基因沉默或MMP-2过表达的前体细胞在体内从头形成脂肪垫的作用。参见Bauters等人,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1850(2015)1449–1456。Bauters等人利用从头脂肪生成的体内模型,其中用MMP-2 shRNA构建体TRCN0000031228或SHC002V阴性对照转导的3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞在8周龄雄性无胸腺BALB/c裸鼠的背部进行皮下注射。Bauters等人检查脂肪细胞的大小和密度以及标准化为脂肪细胞数的血管密度,并观察胚胎成纤维细胞向成熟脂肪细胞的分化。观察到在具有MMP-2过表达的3T3-F442A细胞分化期间脂质积累显著增加,并且通过aP2和Ppar-γ表达的显著增加进行支持。形成的从头脂肪垫在脂肪细胞大小和密度方面没有差异。
前脂肪细胞分化成新的成熟脂肪细胞可分为两个主要阶段。确定阶段由祖细胞定向为脂肪细胞系组成。在终末分化阶段,前脂肪细胞获得成熟脂肪细胞的特异性特征。通过经由选择性基因沉默降低MMP-2的水平,3T3-F442A细胞的分化与对照细胞相比减少。MMP-2过表达具有相反的作用,并且刺激3T3-F442A前脂肪细胞的分化。然而,即使最低限度地增强MMP-2水平,也观察到增强的分化。因此,MMP-2似乎在体外脂肪生成的早期和晚期发挥功能性作用。内皮细胞产生并分泌MMP,并且据报道体内脂肪生成依赖于血管生成。因此,局部水平的活性MMP-2(独立于其来源)可能足以说明其在脂肪生成中的作用。因此,通过向患者施用肽(如所述实施方案的三肽),可以获得水平增加的MMP-2,其反过来可刺激脂肪生成。受刺激的脂肪生成可以产生丰盈效果,导致衰老迹象的外观减少以及皮肤的饱满和清新。
与ECM制备相关的第二个领域涉及血管生成过程、营养物递送和交换的基础。该过程与VEGF的刺激有关,并且血管发育和生长需要数周时间来发展。预期预血管化将优化伤口愈合。已经证明,用于诱导血管生成的递送方式必须在所需血管生长的位点提供延长的(4至6周)治疗剂的存在。参见,例如,Simons M.Angiogenesis:where do we stand now?Circulation 2005;111(12):1556-66。单剂量施用蛋白质或肽不能实现这种延长的存在,但需要长时间的施加。GHK剂量依赖性地增加VEGF的分泌并刺激动物模型中的管形成和新血管形成。图11示出了随GHK浓度(ng/mL)变化的VEGF浓度(pg VEGF/ng DNA)。参见,例如,Jose S,Hughbanks ML,Binder BY,Ingavle GC,Leach JK.Enhanced trophic factorsecretion by mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with Glycine-Histidine-Lysine(GHK)-modified alginate hydrogels.Acta biomaterialia 2014;10(5):1955-64。因此,在激光治疗之前开始4周施用双肽的过程确保了ECM的血管生成刺激的稳健开始。
为了评估用双肽预处理的效果,受试者将双肽施加至前臂2-3周,并随后从经处理的前臂进行活检,以及从未经处理(对照)的前臂进行另一个活检。结果见图12A和图12B。图12A示出了用H/E染色的未经处理的样品活检的基线。基线样品(图12A)示出了在无组织的细胞外基质中不规则聚集的胶原蛋白;真皮-表皮连接处的基底细胞是平坦的,其显示出功能降低。在用双肽治疗2-3周后,活检(图12B)示出了已经清除了大量聚集的胶原蛋白束并且用更有组织的胶原蛋白分布和排列代替的细胞外基质;真皮-表皮连接处的基底干细胞呈立方形形状,其代表更多功能性活性,并且表皮更厚,伴有更健康的外观。
因此,预处理是用于优化经历换肤手术患者的伤口愈合和美学效果的有用过程。这是基于伤口床制备的概念,确保ECM重塑的早期开始。更具体地,早期MMP-9和随后进行的MMP-2上调促进在弹性光老化皮肤中看到的累积ECM蛋白束的降解。另外,在一段时间内基于VEGF刺激的刺激血管生成改善了与未来伤口愈合相关的ECM状态。2-3周的时间通常是预处理令人满意的最短时间,但在某些情况下可以采用较短的预处理时间。因此,可有利地采用导致程序的至少两周时间的预处理,例如预处理两周、三周、四周或更长时间,例如2-4周。每日预处理是理想的,例如每天至少一次,例如每天2、3、4或更多次施用。可以方便地采用每日两次施用,例如早晨和晚上。在某些实施方案中,每天少于一次施加是可接受的,例如,每隔一天或每三天、或每周两次。
类似于预处理,也可以有利地采用后处理使用。2周时间通常是后处理使用令人满意的最短时间,但在某些情况下可以采用较短的后处理使用时间。因此,一旦皮肤充分愈合使得可施加局部制剂,择可以有利地采用在手术后至少2周时间的后处理使用,例如,后处理两周、三周、四周或更长时间,例如2-4周。每日后处理施用是理想的,例如每天至少一次,例如每天2、3、4或更多次施用。可以方便地采用每日两次施用,例如早晨和晚上。在某些实施方案中,每天少于一次施加是可接受的,例如,每隔一天或每三天、或每周两次。
在一些情况下,可能需要无限期持续的维持治疗以促进皮肤健康、皮肤修复和/或最佳皮肤床状况。对于维持,可以接受的是施用频率低于每天一次,例如每周一次或每两天或三天一次;然而,可以方便地采用每日两次施用,例如早晨和晚上。
当所述肽与其他治疗剂组合配制时,可以根据其他治疗剂的优选施用方案施加制剂。或者,施加方案可以是如本文所述的组合物的施用方案,其中所述肽是存在的唯一治疗剂。
在各种实施方案中,可以采用预处理、后处理施加和维持治疗中的一种或多种的多个组合。
实施例8:弹性蛋白产生
研究了双肽制剂对弹性蛋白产生的影响。受试者每日将双肽施加至左前臂2-3周,并且在每日治疗结束时获得活检。从左前臂的处理部分(双肽,图13B)和从右前臂的未处理部分(对照,图13A)获取皮肤活检样品。使用免疫组织化学(IHC)技术,弹性蛋白的存在在获得的20×和100×放大倍数下的照片中被视为棕色染色。如照片所示,用双肽制剂处理的皮肤相比于对照观察到弹性蛋白水平的显著增加。在未处理部分中观察到显著较低水平的弹性蛋白。
实施例9:增加的前胶原水平
研究了双肽处理的皮肤对前胶原的影响。在开始用双肽治疗之前,获得面部皮肤的基线活检。然后受试者每日将双肽施加至其面部2周,并获得第二次活检。图14A是显示通过IHC作为基线条件的前胶原低染色的皮肤活检照片(100×),而图14B是显示双肽治疗2周后前胶原水平显著增加的皮肤活检照片(100×)。
实施例10:增加的胶原蛋白
图15A-B提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品(图15B)和基线样品(图15A)的照片(100×)。观察到局部施加三周内上层真皮的胶原蛋白形成增加,伴有日光性弹性组织变性经由新的胶原蛋白而减少并改善了表皮外观。
实施例11:弹性蛋白的分布
图16A-C提供了在施加后三周(图16B)、在施加后八周(图16C)双肽处理的面部皮肤的皮肤活检样品和基线样品(图16A)的照片(100×)。在弹性组织变性光损伤的弹性组织中具有弹性蛋白的患者中,局部施加双肽导致弹性蛋白材料在八周时间内较少聚集并显著分布到更深的真皮层。
实施例12:减少的MMP1
图17A-D提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品在40×下(图17B)、基线样品在40×下(图17A)、在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品在100×下(图17D)和基线样品在100×下(图17C)的照片。在三周时间内在耳前区域中观察到MMP1染色减少。
实施例13:增加的核心蛋白聚糖
图18A-B提供了在施加后三周双肽处理的皮肤的皮肤活检样品(图18B)和基线样品(图18A)的照片(100×)。在三周时间内在耳前区域中观察到核心蛋白聚糖染色增加。认为核心蛋白聚糖影响原纤维形成,并且还与纤连蛋白、血小板反应蛋白、补体组分Clq、表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)相互作用。已显示核心蛋白聚糖增强或抑制TGF-β1的活性。核心蛋白聚糖的主要功能涉及细胞周期中的调节。
实施例14:双肽制剂与标准护理的比较
为了评估制剂16A(上文提供的组合物)在加速伤口愈合和受试者满意度中的功效,与Vaniply方案(Pharmaceutical Specialties,Inc.,Rochester,MN)比较,将其与具有Q开关紫翠宝石激光和点阵CO2激光换肤的强脉冲光(IPL)和/或脉冲燃料激光(PDL)之后的标准护理(SOC)进行比较。另外,随着治疗制剂的不同——温和的无防腐剂制剂(Vaniply)与含有活性多肽和植物药的其他制剂(制剂16A),对不良事件进行了分析。
在这项单盲随机研究中,15名年龄在45-70岁具有Fitzpatrick皮肤类型I-III和中度至中度光损伤的女性受试者经历了具有Q开关紫翠宝石激光和10600nm点阵CO2激光面部换肤的IPL和/或PDL。受试者以2:1的比例随机化至制剂16A组或标准护理(Vaniply软膏方案)。在换肤前3周对受试者进行预处理,并在手术后持续8周。在术后第1、3、4、7、28和84天对受试者进行评估。终点包括研究者和受试者评定的愈合迹象和症状以及受试者评定的满意度调查问卷(p<0.05)。
在手术后的前2周时间内评估愈合被认为是最重要的终点。研究者报告的总体分析是,与预期的愈合结果相比,在换肤激光治疗后的前7天(以及到那时为止的所有时间点)中皮肤愈合和患者体验在制剂16A组中是优异的。制剂16A组在所有时间间隔内显示出比标准护理更好的皮肤愈合,并且到第7天,该组与SOC相比显示出具有统计学显著的高级愈合(P=0.015)。另外,对于所有术后时间点,盲法研究者评定的愈合评级和报告的患者体验在制剂16A组比SOC组更高,在第7天再次具有统计学显著性(P=0.02)。愈合的周转时间和当各组之间的差异开始出现最明显差异的那一天是第3天,当时诸如红斑(P=0.02)和渗出(P=0.01)的迹象和诸如皮肤压痛(P=0.02)、灼烧和刺痛(P=0.03)的症状显示出2组之间具有统计学显著性差异。随着研究中的时间推移,主观评估得到改善,并且到研究结束(第84天)时,在制剂16A组中获得与以下3个陈述相关的显著更好的结果:
在第28天(P=0.08)和第84天(P=0.02)“让我对我的皮肤看起来更有信心”
在第28天(P=0.08)和第84天(P=0.03)“我会继续使用这种治疗方案”
在第28天(P=0.08)和第84天(P=0.03)“我会向其他人推荐这种治疗”。
制剂16A似乎在具有Q开关紫翠宝石激光和点阵CO2激光面部换肤的IPL和/或PDL之后的愈合体验方面产生了改善。用制剂16A明显减少愈合时间允许受试者更快地恢复正常的日常生活活动。另外,受试者对制剂16A比对标准护理更满意,并且没有任何不良事件报告。
实施例21:双肽制剂与标准护理的比较
进行了一项研究以评估Alastin程序增强系统(“Alastin”,或16A)在加速伤口愈合和受试者满意度中的功效,与特别是在治疗的第一周的Vaniply方案(标准护理)相比,将其与具有Q开关紫翠宝石激光和点阵CO2激光换肤的IPL和/或PDL之后的标准护肤(Pharmaceutical Specialties,Inc.,Rochester,MN)进行比较。目的是客观地评估Alastin组在7天时间内愈合是否更快,是否遭受任何不良事件,是否在同一时期经历了更大的症状缓解以及客户是否能够比SOC组更早地加入劳动力或社会。总之,该研究是对侵袭性换肤手术后的停工期和患者体验的评估。终点包括研究者和受试者评定的愈合迹象和症状以及受试者评定的对于手术的舒适度和满意度调查问卷。
在分析试验结果时,鉴于数目相对较少,使用单侧Student-t检验,其统计学显著性定义为≤0.05。
统计学显著性差异
研究者报告的总体分析是,与预期的愈合结果相比,在换肤激光治疗后的前7天(以及到那时为止的所有时间点)中皮肤愈合和患者体验在Alastin组中是优异的。Alastin组在所有时间间隔内显示出比标准护理更好的皮肤愈合,并且到第7天,该组与SOC相比显示出统计学显著的高级愈合(P=0.015)。另外,对于所有术后时间点,盲法研究者评定的愈合评级和报告的患者体验在Alastin组中比SOC组更高,在第7天再次具有统计学显著性(P=0.02)。包括愈合评级和体验的调查问卷的结果分别呈现于图19A和19B中。
愈合的周转时间和当各组之间的差异开始出现最明显时的那一天是第3天,当时诸如红斑(P=0.02)和渗出(P=0.01)的迹象和诸如皮肤压痛(P=0.02)、灼烧和刺痛(P=0.03)的症状显示出两组之间具有统计学显著性差异。手术后第3天的迹象、手术后第3天的症状和受试者满意度的分析结果分别呈现于图19C、19D和19E中。
在主观评分方面,Alastin组始终表现出优异的结果。到第84天,Alastin组显示出比SOC达到显著水平的统计学显著性更高的长期受试者满意度(P=0.03)。对于受试者长期皮肤质量的整体美容改善,到研究结束(第84天)时,对于以下3个陈述,Alastin组比SOC组具有统计学显著性更好的结果:
“让我对我的皮肤看起来更有信心”-第84天(P=0.02)(问题11)
“我会继续使用这种治疗方案”-第84天(P=0.03)(问题12)
“我会向其他人推荐这种治疗”-第84天(P=0.03)(问题13)
问题11、12和13的答案结果分别呈现于图19F、图19G和图19H中。
无显著性差异
研究者对副作用——结壳的评估:对于SOC组而言在第1、4天和7天结壳情况更差;然而,对于Alastin组而言在第3天结壳情况更差。由于Aiastin闭塞性保湿剂的愈合性质,结壳对面部具有更好的粘附性,并且在第3天与第4天之间脱落,因此第4天显示出显著的逆转,其在第4天比SOC具有35%的外观改善。研究者对副作用——结壳的评估呈现于图19I中。
以上描述以完整、清楚、简明和准确的术语呈现了用于实施本发明的最佳模式,以及制造和使用本发明的方式和过程,以使本领域的任何技术人员能够制造和使用本发明。然而,本发明易于进行上述讨论的完全等同的修改和替代结构。因此,本发明不限于所公开的特定实施方案。相反,本发明涵盖了如通常由所附权利要求所表示的落入本发明精神和范围内的所有修改和替代结构,其特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的主题。虽然已经在附图和前面的描述中详细地图示和描述了本公开内容,但是这样的图示和描述被认为是说明性或示例性的而非限制性的。
本文引用的所有参考文献均通过引用以其全文并入本文。如果通过引用并入的出版物和专利或专利申请与说明书中包含的公开内容相矛盾,则本说明书旨在取代和/或优先于任何这样的矛盾资料。
除非另有定义,否则所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)应当给予其本领域普通技术人员的普通和惯常含义,并且除非在此明确地定义,否则不限于特殊或定制含义。应当注意,在描述本公开内容的某些特征或方面时使用特定术语不应被视为暗示在本文中重新定义术语以限制为包括与该术语相关的本公开内容的特征或方面的任何特定特征。除非另有明确说明,否则本申请中使用的术语和短语及其变体,尤其是所附权利要求中的术语和短语及其变体应当被解释为开放式的而非限制性的。作为前述的示例,术语‘包括’应解读为‘包括,但不限制’、‘包括但不限于’等;如本文所用的术语‘包含’与‘包括’、‘含有’或‘以……为特征’同义,并且是包容性的或开放式的,并且不排除另外的未列举的元素或方法步骤;术语‘具有’应解释为‘至少有’;术语‘包括’应解释为‘包括但不限于’;术语‘示例’用于提供讨论中项目的示例性实例,而不是其详尽或限制性列表;形容词如‘已知的’、‘正常的’、‘标准的’和类似含义的术语不应解释为将所描述的项目限制在给定时间段或给定时间内可用的项目,而应解读为包含现在或将来任何时间可能获得或知晓的已知的、正常的或标准的技术;以及使用如‘优选地’、‘优选的’、‘期望的’或‘理想的’的术语和相似含义的词语不应理解为暗示某些特征对于本发明的结构或功能是关键的、必要的或甚至重要的,而是仅仅旨在突出可能在或不在本发明的特定实施方案中使用的备选的或另外的特征。同样地,除非另有明确说明,否则与连词‘和’相关联的一组项目不应解读为要求这些项目中的每一项均存在于分组中,而应解读为‘和/或’。类似地,除非另有明确说明,否则与连词‘或’相关联的一组项目不应解读为要求该组之间的相互排他性,而应解读为‘和/或’。
在提供一系列数值的情况下,应当理解,上限和下限以及该范围的上限与下限之间的每个中间值均包含在实施方案中。
关于本文中基本上任何复数和/或单数术语的使用,本领域技术人员可以根据上下文和/或应用适当地从复数转换为单数和/或从单数转换为复数。为清楚起见,本文可以明确地阐述多种单数/复数变换。不定冠词‘一个’或‘一种’不排除多个。单个处理器或其他单元可以实现权利要求中记载的若干项的功能。在相互不同的从属权利要求中叙述某些措施的仅有事实并不表示这些措施的组合不能用来获益。权利要求中的任何附图标记不应解释为限制范围。
本领域技术人员将进一步理解,如果意图引入特定数目的权利要求列举项,则在权利要求中将明确地列举这样的意图,并且在没有这样的列举项的情况下,不存在这样的意图。例如,为了帮助理解,以下所附权利要求可包含介绍性短语‘至少一个’和‘一个或多个’的使用以引入权利要求列举项。然而,即使当同一个权利要求包括介绍性短语‘一个或多个’或‘至少一个’和不定冠词如‘一个’或‘一种’时,这些短语的使用不应解释为暗示由不定冠词‘一个’或‘一种’引入的权利要求列举项将含有这样的引入的权利要求列举项的特定权利要求限定为仅含有一个这样的列举项的实施方案(例如,‘一个’和/或‘一种’通常应解释为意指‘至少一个’或‘一个或多个’);对于使用用于引入权利要求列举项的定冠词也是如此。此外,即使明确地列举了特定数目的引入的权利要求列举项,本领域技术人员将认识到,这样的列举项通常应解释为意指至少所列举的数目(例如,没有其他修饰语的‘两个列举项’的裸列举项通常意指至少两个列举项,或者两个或更多个列举项)。此外,在使用类似于‘A、B和C等中的至少一个’的惯例的那些情况下,通常这样的结构旨在本领域技术人员将理解该惯例的意义上(例如,‘具有A、B和C中的至少一个的系统’将包括但不限于具有单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。在使用类似于‘A、B或C等中的至少一个’的惯例的那些情况下,通常这样的结构旨在本领域技术人员将理解该惯例的意义上(例如,‘具有A、B或C中的至少一个的系统’将包括但不限于具有单独的A、单独的B、单独的C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C和/或A、B和C一起等的系统)。本领域技术人员将进一步理解实际上任何呈现两个或更多个可替换术语的析取词和/或短语,无论是在说明书、权利要求书或附图中,都应理解为考虑包括术语中的一个、术语的任何一个或两个术语的可能性。例如,短语‘A或B’将理解为包括‘A’或‘B’或‘A和B’的可能性。
在本说明书中使用的表示成分的量、反应条件等的所有数字应理解为在所有情况下均由术语‘约’修饰。因此,除非有相反的指示,否则本文所述的数值参数是近似值,这可取决于试图获得的所需性质而变化。至少,而不是试图将等同原则的应用限制在要求本申请优先权的任何申请中的任何权利要求的范围内,每个数值参数应该根据有效数字的数目和普通舍入方法来解释。
此外,尽管出于清楚和理解的目的通过说明和实施例详细描述了前述内容,但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是,可以实施某些改变和修改。因此,描述和实施例不应解释为将本发明的范围限制于本文所述的具体实施方案和实施例,而是还涵盖具有本发明的真实范围和精神的所有修改和替代方案。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于促进皮肤修复的局部组合物,其包含:
一种或多种二肽、三肽或四肽;和
一种或多种五肽、六肽或七肽。
2.如权利要求1所述的局部组合物,其中所述一种或多种二肽、三肽或四肽包含棕榈酰三肽-1,并且其中所述一种或多种五肽、六肽或七肽包含棕榈酰六肽-12。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的局部组合物,其进一步包含十一烯酸庚酯。
4.一种无水局部组合物,其包含磷脂酰丝氨酸、橄榄苦苷和辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷,其中所述局部组合物的粘度为10000cPs至25000cPs,并且其中所述无水局部组合物具有在-10℃至25℃的三个温度测试循环中保持稳定性的能力。
5.一种用于促进皮肤修复的局部组合物,其包含:
82-92wt.%的环戊硅氧烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷交联聚合物;
1-4wt.%的十一烯酸庚酯;
0.01-0.06wt.%的棕榈酰六肽-12;
0.01-0.06wt.%的棕榈酰三肽-1;
0.25-1wt.%的辛酰基聚甲基硅氧烷;
0.05-0.1wt.%的磷脂酰丝氨酸/卵磷脂;以及
0.05-0.1wt.%的橄榄苦苷。
6.如权利要求5所述的局部组合物,其包含:
2-5wt.%的包含棕榈酰六肽-12的第一载体,所述第一载体进一步包含季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、碳酸丙烯酯和司拉氯铵水辉石,其中所述载体中所述棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度为100ppm;
2-5wt.%的包含棕榈酰三肽-1的第二载体,所述第二载体进一步包含季戊四醇四异硬脂酸酯、辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯、碳酸丙烯酯和司拉氯铵水辉石,其中所述载体中所述棕榈酰六肽-12的浓度为100ppm。
7.如权利要求5所述的局部组合物,其进一步包含:
1-4wt.%的泛醇三乙酸酯/柚皮素;
1-4wt.%的山金车蒙大拿提取物;以及
0.5-2wt.%的杜氏盐藻提取物。
8.一种在皮肤病治疗之前准备皮肤床的方法,其包括:
将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的局部组合物施加至皮肤床,由此准备所述皮肤床以用于损伤皮肤的皮肤病治疗,从而促进所述皮肤病治疗之后受损皮肤的愈合。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
10.一种在皮肤病治疗之后促进皮肤修复的方法,其包括:
将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的局部组合物施加至由皮肤病治疗损伤的皮肤,由此促进所述受损皮肤的愈合。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之后每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
12.一种在皮肤病治疗之前准备皮肤床的方法,其包括:
将权利要求1-7中任一项所述的局部组合物施加至皮肤床,由此准备所述皮肤床以用于损伤皮肤的皮肤病治疗;之后
将所述局部组合物施加至由皮肤病治疗损伤的皮肤,由此促进所述受损皮肤的愈合。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述局部组合物在所述皮肤病治疗之前每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周,并且在所述皮肤病治疗之后每天至少一次施加至所述皮肤床至少两周。
14.如权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病治疗为激光治疗。
15.如权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病治疗为化学剥脱术。
16.如权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病治疗是针对光化性角化病的治疗。
17.如权利要求8-13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述皮肤病治疗是用于减少衰老迹象的治疗。
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CN114072162A (zh) * | 2019-05-08 | 2022-02-18 | 阿拉斯廷护肤公司 | 用于改善瘀伤并使皮肤焕发活力的组合物和方法 |
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CN111281840A (zh) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-16 | 广州伊尔美生物科技有限公司 | 一种亮颜美肤霜及其制备方法 |
CN111514055A (zh) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-08-11 | 深圳市健翔生物制药有限公司 | 一种具有抗炎修复功效的化妆品用多肽组合物颗粒剂 |
CN116763849A (zh) * | 2020-05-24 | 2023-09-19 | 许颢瀚 | 一种皮肤疾病抑制配方 |
CN113398248A (zh) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-09-17 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | 一种改善皮瓣血运的外用药及其制备方法 |
CN113398248B (zh) * | 2021-07-27 | 2023-08-15 | 上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院 | 一种改善皮瓣血运的外用药及其制备方法 |
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JP6966455B2 (ja) | 2021-11-17 |
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CA3013459C (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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AU2017215476A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
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HK1257429A1 (zh) | 2019-10-18 |
US20240016880A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
EP3411012A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
JP7150120B2 (ja) | 2022-10-07 |
JP2022017351A (ja) | 2022-01-25 |
WO2017136600A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
JP2019504083A (ja) | 2019-02-14 |
US20190262418A1 (en) | 2019-08-29 |
US20170224760A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
CA3013459A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
EP3411012A4 (en) | 2019-08-28 |
WO2017136600A8 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
US20210205405A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 |
US20180289767A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
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