CN1087279C - 2或3碳炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应烯烃的方法 - Google Patents
2或3碳炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应烯烃的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1087279C CN1087279C CN99102239A CN99102239A CN1087279C CN 1087279 C CN1087279 C CN 1087279C CN 99102239 A CN99102239 A CN 99102239A CN 99102239 A CN99102239 A CN 99102239A CN 1087279 C CN1087279 C CN 1087279C
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- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 20
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 carbyne hydrocarbon Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003822 preparative gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940071575 silver citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisilver;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound [Ag+].[Ag+].[Ag+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C1=CN=C2NC(=O)CC2=C1 ZXSQEZNORDWBGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium silver Chemical compound [Pd].[Ag] SWELZOZIOHGSPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
将至少一种含2或3个碳原子的炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应烯烃的方法,其特征在于在氢气存在下,在球形或挤出成形的催化剂上气相处理至少一种含2或3个碳原子的炔烃的物料,这种催化剂含钯、至少一种元素周期表IB族金属和氧化铝,IB族金属与钯的重量比为0.05~0.4,至少80%的钯和至少80%的IB族金属分布在由半径为r1(相当于球形或挤出成形的催化剂的平均半径)和半径为r2(r2至少等于0.8r1)的球面或圆柱面所限定的催化剂体积之内。
Description
本发明涉及一种将含2或3个碳原子的炔烃(乙炔或丙炔)通过气相选择加氢成相应的烯烃(乙烯或丙烯)的方法。
本发明还涉及到在此法中可以使用并能再生的催化剂。
乙烯是一种可以用于制备许多种聚合物的单体。它通常是由烃裂解或蒸汽裂解制得。这样生成的乙烯含少量炔(通常不到3%),在使用前需要除去。制备聚合物时,乙烯中炔的容许含量通常要低于10ppm,更经常低于5ppm。
从乙烯中除去乙炔用的一种技术是在以载于耐火载体(如氧化铝)上的钯为基质的催化剂存在下,使之选择加氢成乙烯。用单金属催化剂(只用钯载于氧化铝上)通常遇到的问题是,在能全部除去乙炔的操作条件下,一部分乙烯也转化成乙烷。另外,由于在反应条件下有大量齐聚物生成并逐渐复盖在催化剂表面,使这些单金属催化剂通常稳定性比较差。肯定可以用精心进行的氧化工艺除去这种烃沉积物,但是在工业过程中,最好在两次再生之间有一个尽可能长的催化剂发挥作用的过程。
为了改善催化剂性能,长期来已有报导在钯中加助催化剂。这些助催化剂例如有银(专利US-A-2802889),铁和银(专利US-A-3243387)。
这些助催化剂同样可以选自碱金属或碱土金属,如锂(专利US-A-3325556),钾(专利申请书EP-A-124744)或钙(专利US-A-4329530)。
不管是对单金属催化剂(只以钯为基质的催化剂)还是加入助催化剂的催化剂(含钯和至少另一种元素的催化剂),专业人员已知当钯集中在所述催化剂球的表面时,其催化性能明显高于同样配方的,在催化剂球中钯以均匀方式分布的催化剂。例如在用钯-银双金属配方的情况下,发现当钯位于催化剂球表面,而银以均匀方式分布于催化剂球中时,这样的催化剂有优良的性能(专利US-A-4404124,EP-0064301和FR-A-2597113),特别是生成乙烷和低聚产物较少。
另外,已知日本专利申请书JP-A-04108540叙述了1,3-丁二烯液相选择加氢催化剂,其中银沉积并载在钯的表面上。在这些催化剂中,载体为表面积比较高的氧化铝,Ag/Pd的重量比为0.3~5.0,最好0.5~3.0。
目前已惊奇地发现用一种球形或挤出形含钯、至少一种元素周期表中IB族金属和氧化铝的催化剂,能有效地将2或3个碳原子的炔烃(乙炔或丙炔)选择性加氢成相应的烯烃(乙烯或丙烯),催化剂中至少80%的钯和至少80%的IB族金属分布在由半径为r1(相当于球形催化剂或挤出形催化剂的平均半径)和半径为r2(至少等于0.8r1)的球面或圆柱面所限定的催化剂体积中。银/钯重量比介于0.05~0.4之间,最好0.05~0.25之间。
特别是钯的含量为催化剂重量的0.01~0.5%。IB族元素最经常为银,含量为0.001~0.02%(重量)。
使用的载体为一种氧化铝,特别是一种α-氧化铝。使用的氧化铝通常呈直径为2~4毫米的球形,其性能如下:比表面积为5~150米2/克,最好为5~60米2/克;孔体积为0.3~0.95厘米3/克,孔径大于100。这些不同的性能均用专业人员已知的分析技术来测定。
可以按专业人员已知的技术加入钯,将钯分布在载体球的表面(见上边所述的标准)。用传统的技术例如Castaing微量探针来检查钯的良好分布。例如可以用钯的前体的水溶液或有机溶液,通过浸渍技术加入钯。这种前体例如可以是一种无机化合物如氯化钯、硝酸钯、四氨合二氢氧化钯、四氨合氯化钯或者一种有机金属化合物如双π-烯丙基钯或双乙酰丙酮酸钯。
加入IB族元素,特别是银,使之集中在载体球表面上。在催化剂球控制磨损之后分析银含量能保证银良好地分布在催化剂球中。通常用的前体为硝酸银。也可以使用如醋酸银、柠檬酸银、氯化银、碳酸银。
2或3个碳原子的炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应的烯烃的方法,根据本发明,同样可以用上边所确定的那种催化剂,但还至少含一种碱金属或碱土金属。
催化剂的碱金属或碱土金属的含量选定在碱金属或碱土金属对钯的原子比为2~20有利,最好是4~15。碱金属或碱土金属含量最好为催化剂的0.05%~0.2%(重量)。
作为碱金属,最好用钠或钾。
碱金属或碱土金属,按专业人员已知的技术加入。通常用的前体为硝酸盐、醋酸盐、氯化物、碳酸盐、氢氧化物。
钯和IB族金属,任选还有碱金属或碱土金属可以由它们的前体的共同的溶液出发或分别由含每一种或两种元素的溶液出发来加入。在后一种情况,在120℃和900℃之间进行的干燥、煅烧或还原等处理过程,任选还可以在两步连续浸渍之间进行。
当由不同的溶液出发加入钯和IB族的元素(特别是银)时,可以使用的制备技术为例如在专利US-A-4533779中或专利US-A-4504593中所述的方法,前者用氯化银作为前体,后者用柠檬酸银作为前体。
这样制得的催化剂通常是在室温至150℃之间干燥。干燥过的催化剂可直接使用或最经常地最好经过煅烧,目的是分解金属前体和/或在使用前还原。通常于400℃~900℃下,在空气流中处理所述催化剂,进行煅烧。在室温和500℃之间用含氢气体处理催化剂进行还原。
本发明的加氢方法特别适用于含乙烯的气体中存在的乙炔的加氢。为了接近于能完全除炔的反应条件,氢对乙炔的摩尔比通常为1~2,反应温度通常为25~100℃,压力通常为1~5兆帕。以每升催化剂和每小时的气体加入料的升数表示的加料流量通常介于1000~10000小时-1之间。
在使用过程中,由于烃化合物的沉积,逐渐复盖活性相,催化剂失活。当判定催化剂活性不足时,催化剂可以再生。通过控制燃烧催化剂上存在的的烃来再生催化剂。通常是在含氧气体的存在下,于350~500℃温度之间,即在专业人员已知的条件下逐步加热催化剂进行这一可控的燃烧过程。
本发明同时涉及到一些新型催化剂产品,如前边所定义,该催化剂含钯和至少一种IB族的元素(特别是银),IB族金属(特别是银)对钯的重量比为0.05~0.25。
最后,本发明还涉及到如前面所定义的至少还含有一种碱金属或碱土金属的催化剂。
下边非限定性的实施例说明本发明。实施例3、4、10和11为对比例。
实施例1:催化剂A的制备(根据本发明)
用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯和硝酸银组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体,制备本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂A)。所用的载体呈2~4毫米直径的球形,比表面积为10米2/克,孔体积为0.6厘米3/克。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于750℃在空气气氛中煅烧。这样制得的催化剂A含有0.05%重量的钯和0.005%重量的银。催化剂颗粒中元素平均分布见图1。图中横坐标为半径(以微米表示),纵坐标左侧为钯的浓度(重量)分布,右侧为以矩形图表示的银的浓度(重量)分布。
分析表明84%的银集中在由半径为r1(1.5毫米)的球面和半径为r2(1.39毫米)的球面所限定的体积内。r2/r1之比等于0.93,远高于0.8。而94%的钯集中在由半径为r1(1.5毫米)的球面和半径为r2(1.2毫米)的球面所限定的体积内。r2/r1之比等于0.8。催化剂颗粒中元素的分布很符合本发明。
实施例2:催化剂B的制备(根据本发明)
用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯和硝酸银组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体,制备本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂B)。所用的载体呈2~4毫米直径的球形,比表面积为10米2/克,孔体积为0.6厘米3/克。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于750℃在空气气氛中煅烧。这样制得的催化剂B含有0.05%重量的钯和0.010%重量的银。催化剂颗粒中的元素平均分布符合本发明。
实施例3:催化剂C的制备(对比)
按照在实施例1中同样方法但是用含硝酸和硝酸钯的浸渍溶液制备催化剂C。这样得到的催化剂C含0.05%的钯。用Castaing微量探针分析催化剂A和C,结果在两种样品之间钯分布无明显不同。
实施例4:催化剂D的制备(对比)
于室温下,将100克载体浸渍在120毫升含8毫克银的硝酸银水溶液中制备催化剂D。搅拌数分钟后除去浮在上边的溶液。催化剂于120℃下干燥并于500℃煅烧。再用60毫升硝酸和硝酸钯溶液浸渍催化剂。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并在空气气氛中于750℃下煅烧。这样得到的催化剂D含0.05%重量的钯和0.005%重量的银。用Castaing微量探针分析催化剂A和D,结果表明在这两种样品之间钯的分布无明显不同。相反,催化剂球经控制磨耗之后,银含量分析表明在催化剂球中银浓度没有差别。
实施例5:催化剂E的制备(根据本发明)
用柠檬酸将50克单金属催化剂C转化成水溶液。向此溶液中加入4毫克醋酸银。反应系统轻微搅拌8小时。催化剂经过滤,于120℃下干燥16小时,于750℃下煅烧2小时。这样得到的催化剂E含0.05%重量的钯和0.005%重量的银。催化剂E颗粒中元素的平均分布符合本发明。
实施例6:各种催化剂加氢性能比较
为了测定在含98%乙烯和2%乙炔的物料中所含的乙炔加氢时催化剂A、B、C、D和E的选择性和稳定性,对这些催化剂进行催化测试。
首先将15毫升要测的催化剂放入一个竖式钢制反应器中。再将反应器放入可以控制温度的炉子中。首先于150℃和一个大气压下在氢气流中将催化剂还原2小时。然后使温度降至50℃,氢流量为1.5升·小时-1,压力为2.5兆帕。加入含由98%乙烯和2%乙炔组成的物料,其体积流量相当于空速3300小时-1。在反应器出口处用气相色谱法进行气体流料分析。在这些条件下,催化剂的稳定性被定义为在反应器出口处开始检测到乙炔的时间。催化剂的选择性相当于在完全除去乙炔后物料中的乙烯含量。结果见表1。
表1.乙炔加氢用催化剂A、B、C、D和E的性能比较
催化剂 | 催化剂的稳定性(小时) | 催化剂的选择性(%) |
催化剂A(按本发明) | 96 | 98.5 |
催化剂B(按本发明) | 85 | 98.5 |
催化剂C(对比) | 22 | 98.3 |
催化剂D(对比) | 36 | 98.2 |
催化剂E(按本发明) | 94 | 98.5 |
这些结果明显地表明,本发明的催化剂(催化剂A、B或E)的催化性能(稳定性和选择性)均优于单金属催化剂(催化剂C)或银均匀地分布在催化剂球中的催化剂(催化剂D)的催化性能。
实施例7:本发明催化剂的再生
在实施例6的条件下使用催化剂A达120小时之后,再生催化剂A。在再生过程中,将催化剂在氮气氛中加热到200℃,然后于200~500℃在稀释了的空气中处理,以烧掉催化剂上存在的烃化合物。
再生之后,在实施例6的条件下对再生的催化剂A的性能进行评价。表2中列出了这样的再生体系的性能。
表2
催化剂 | 催化剂的稳定性(小时) | 催化剂的选择性(%) |
催化剂A(按本发明) | 96 | 98.5 |
再生的催化剂A | 95 | 98.7 |
这些结果表明,在试验误差范围内,再生的催化剂A在乙炔加氢中与新催化剂性能相同。
实施例8:催化剂F的制备(根据本发明)
通过用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯、硝酸银和硝酸钠组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体来制备符合本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂F)。所用的载体呈直径为2~4毫米的球形,比表面积为10米2/克,孔体积为0.6厘米3/克。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于750℃在空气气氛中煅烧。这样制得的催化剂F含0.05%重量的钯,0.005%重量的银和0.05%重量的钠。催化剂颗粒中金属元素的平均分布见图2。
图中,横坐标为半径(以微米表示),纵坐标左侧为用(口)表示的钯的浓度(重量)分布,右侧为以矩形图表示的银的浓度(重量)分布。
分析表明84%的银集中在由半径为r1(1.5毫米)的球面和半径为r2(1.39毫米)的球面所限定的体积之内。r2/r1之比等于0.93,超过0.8。同时,94%的钯集中在由半径为r1(1.5毫米)的球面和半径为r2(1.2毫米)的球面所限定的体积内。这里r2/r1之比等于0.8。催化剂颗粒中元素的分布很符合本发明。
实施例9:催化剂G的制备(根据本发明)
通过用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯、硝酸银和硝酸钠组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体来制备本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂G)。所用的载体呈2~4毫米直径的球形,比表面积为10米2/克,孔体积为0.6厘米3/克。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于750℃在空气气氛中煅烧。这样制得的催化剂G含0.05%重量的钯,0.010%重量的银和0.05%重量的钠。催化剂颗粒中元素的平均分布符合于本发明。
实施例10:催化剂H的制备(对比)
按实施例8同样的方法,但是用一种含硝酸、硝酸钯和硝酸钠的浸渍液制备催化剂H。这样制得的催化剂H含0.05%重量的钯和0.05%重量的钠。用Castaing微量探针分析催化剂F和H,在两种样品之间钯分布无明显不同。
实施例11:催化剂I的制备(对比)
将100克载体浸渍在120毫升含8毫克银的硝酸银的水溶液中在室温下制备催化剂I。催化剂经搅拌几分钟。除去浮在上边的水溶液。催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于500℃下煅烧。再用60毫升含硝酸、硝酸钯和硝酸钠的溶液浸渍催化剂。浸渍之后,这样得到的催化剂I含0.05%重量的钯、0.005%重量的银和0.05%重量的钠。用Castaing微量探针分析催化剂F和I,这两种样品中的钯分布无明显的差别。但是,催化剂球经控制磨耗后,银含量分析没有鉴定出催化剂球中银浓度的任何差别。
实施例12:催化剂J的制备(根据本发明)
用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯、硝酸银和硝酸钠组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体,制备本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂J)。使用的载体呈2~4毫米直径的球形,比表面积为10米2/克,孔体积0.6厘米3/克。浸渍之后,催化剂于120℃下干燥,并于750℃在空气气氛中煅烧。这样得到的催化剂J含0.05%重量的钯,0.020%重量的银和0.05%重量的钠。催化剂颗粒中元素的平均分布符合于本发明。
实施例13:催化剂K的制备(按照本发明)
通过用60毫升由硝酸、硝酸钯、硝酸银和硝酸钠组成的溶液浸渍100克以α-氧化铝为基质的载体来制备本发明的一种催化剂(催化剂K)。所用载体呈球形,直径为2~4毫米,比表面积10米2/克,孔体积为0.6厘米3/克。浸渍后,将催化剂于120℃下干燥,750℃下在空气气氛中煅烧。这样制备的催化剂K含有0.05%重量的钯,0.010%重量的银和0.1%重量的钠。各种元素在催化剂颗粒中分布符合本发明。
实施例14:不同催化剂的加氢性能比较
为了测定在含98%重量乙烯和2%重量乙炔的物料中所含乙炔加氢时催化剂F、G、H、I、J和K的选择性和稳定性,对这些催化剂进行了催化测试。
首先将15毫升待测试催化剂放入一个竖式的钢制反应器中。再将反应器放入一个可以控制温度的炉子中。首先,在氢气流中还原催化剂达2小时,温度为150℃,压力为一个大气压。再使温度降到50℃,氢流量控制在1.5升·小时-1,压力达到2.5兆帕。通入含98%重量乙烯和2%重量乙炔的物料,其体积流量相当于空速3300小时-1。在反应器出口处用气相色谱法对流出气体进行分析。在这些条件下,定义催化剂的稳定性为在反应器出口处开始检测到乙炔的时间,催化剂的选择性为在完全除去乙炔后物料中的乙烯含量。结果见表3。
表3.乙炔加氢用催化剂F、G、H、I、J和K的性能比较
催化剂 | 催化剂的稳定性(小时) | 催化剂的选择性(%) |
催化剂F(按本发明) | 105 | 98.2 |
催化剂G(按本发明) | 120 | 98.3 |
催化剂H(对比) | 65 | 98.3 |
催化剂I(对比) | 66 | 98.2 |
催化剂J(按本发明) | 101 | 98.3 |
催化剂K(按本发明) | 121 | 98.7 |
这些结果明显地表明按照本发明制备的催化剂(催化剂F、G、J或K)的催化性能(稳定性和选择性)优于单金属催化剂(催化剂H)或者银均匀地分布在催化剂球中的催化剂(催化剂I)的催化性能。
实施例15:按照本发明制备的催化剂的再生
在实施例14的条件下,使用催化剂F达120小时之后,再生催化剂F。在再生过程中,在氮气中加热催化剂到200℃,然后于200~500℃在稀释了的空气中烧掉催化剂上存在的烃化合物。
再生之后,对再生的催化剂F在实施例14的条件下进行评价。表4中列出了这样的再生体系的性能。
表4
催化剂 | 催化剂的稳定性(小时) | 催化剂的选择性(%) |
催化剂F(按本发明) | 105 | 98.5 |
再生的催化剂F | 104 | 98.7 |
这些结果表明,在实验误差范围内,再生的催化剂F在乙炔加氢中与新催化剂性能相同。
Claims (7)
1.将至少一种含2或3个碳原子的炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应的烯烃的方法,其特征在于该方法包括在氢气的存在下、在球形或挤出成形的催化剂上气相处理至少一种含2或3个碳原子的炔烃的物料,这种催化剂含钯、至少一种元素周期表IB族金属和氧化铝,IB族金属与钯的重量比为0.05~0.4,至少80%的钯和至少80%的IB族金属分布在由半径为r1和半径为r2的球面或圆柱面所限定的催化剂体积之内,所述半径r1相当于球形或挤出成形的催化剂的平均半径,而r2至少等于0.8r1,其中所述催化剂中氧化铝的比表面积为5~150米2/克,钯含量为0.01~0.5%(重量),和IB族金属含量为0.001~0.02%(含量)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于氧化铝的比表面积为5~60米2/克。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于IB族金属为银。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任何一项的方法,其特征在于IB族金属与钯的重量比为0.05~0.25。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于催化剂还含有至少一种碱金属或碱土金属。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其特征在于催化剂中碱金属或碱土金属对钯的原子比为2~20。
7.根据权利要求5和6中任何一项的方法,其特征在于催化剂中碱金属或碱土金属的重量百分含量为0.05~0.2%。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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FR9407045 | 1994-06-09 | ||
FR9407044 | 1994-06-09 | ||
FR9407045A FR2721018B1 (fr) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | Procédé d'hydrogénation catalytique et catalyseur utilisable dans ce procédé. |
FR9407044A FR2720957B1 (fr) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-06-09 | Catalyseur d'hydrogénation contenant du palladium et au moins un métal alcalin ou alcalino terreux et procédé d'hydrogénation utilisant ce catalyseur. |
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CN95107324A Division CN1083735C (zh) | 1994-06-09 | 1995-06-09 | 球形或挤出成形的催化剂 |
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CN1228402A CN1228402A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
CN1087279C true CN1087279C (zh) | 2002-07-10 |
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CN99102239A Expired - Lifetime CN1087279C (zh) | 1994-06-09 | 1999-02-10 | 2或3碳炔烃气相选择性加氢成相应烯烃的方法 |
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US (2) | US5648576A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0686615B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3831821B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100367685B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1083735C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69514283T3 (zh) |
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CN1121501A (zh) | 1996-05-01 |
US5648576A (en) | 1997-07-15 |
EP0686615B2 (fr) | 2007-06-27 |
CN1228402A (zh) | 1999-09-15 |
CN1083735C (zh) | 2002-05-01 |
DE69514283T3 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
JP3831821B2 (ja) | 2006-10-11 |
US5889187A (en) | 1999-03-30 |
JPH0853375A (ja) | 1996-02-27 |
DE69514283D1 (de) | 2000-02-10 |
EP0686615A1 (fr) | 1995-12-13 |
DE69514283T2 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
KR960001090A (ko) | 1996-01-25 |
KR100367685B1 (ko) | 2003-03-31 |
EP0686615B1 (fr) | 2000-01-05 |
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