CN101433841B - 一种选择性加氢催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种选择性加氢催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101433841B CN101433841B CN200710179443.1A CN200710179443A CN101433841B CN 101433841 B CN101433841 B CN 101433841B CN 200710179443 A CN200710179443 A CN 200710179443A CN 101433841 B CN101433841 B CN 101433841B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 49
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 12
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfiram Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(CC)CC AUZONCFQVSMFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002079 cooperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- NNYBQONXHNTVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N etodolac Chemical compound C1COC(CC)(CC(O)=O)C2=C1C(C=CC=C1CC)=C1N2 NNYBQONXHNTVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940063718 lodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
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Abstract
一种选择性加氢催化剂,以氧化铝为载体,以钯为活性组分,活性组分在载体表面上呈蛋壳型分布,其特征在于所述催化剂以重量100%计,活性组分Pd 0.2~0.5wt%、助剂镧和/或铈2~8wt%,碱土金属元素2~8wt%,催化剂比表面70~150m2/g,孔容0.3~0.6ml/g,载体的晶型为θ型或以θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型。本发明催化剂适用于中低馏分油的选择加氢,特别适用于裂解汽油一段选择性加氢,该催化剂具有良好的加氢性能,尤其在加氢原料中带微量水,胶质、砷含量,双烯含量较高的工况下,仍具有良好的加氢活性及稳定性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种选择性加氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂适用于中低馏分油选择加氢,特别适用于裂解汽油馏分一段选择性加氢工艺。
背景技术
裂解汽油是乙烯生产过程中的副产品C5-200℃,其产量是乙烯生产能力的50%~80%以上,其中芳烃含量高达50%以上,是重要的芳烃资源,其中含有高度不饱和烃,如:双烯烃、苯乙烯等,经过选择性加氢使之变成相应的单烯烃,作为提取芳烃的原料。近年来,乙烯工业得到了前所未有的发展,乙烯生产能力逐年提高,作为乙烯重要副产的裂解汽油的产量必将有大幅度的增加。而以裂解汽油加氢催化剂为核心的加氢技术是加氢领域中的一个重要分支,在蒸汽裂解制乙烯技术的后处理中占据举足轻重的位置。
目前工业上裂解汽油一段加氢催化剂主要有钯系和镍系两种催化剂,但仍以钯基催化剂为主。钯基催化剂具有启动温度低,加氢活性高,处理物料量大,催化剂寿命长等优点。但近年来由于受乙烯原料多元化的影响,部分裂解汽油加氢装置的原料中水、砷含量超标,馏分偏重,加氢负荷偏大,致使现有催化剂在工业运转中稳定性能差,催化剂寿命短。
CN 200410061031报道了一种钯-氧化铝催化剂及其制备方法,它涉及一种预先涂覆适宜量碱土金属氧化物,并经高温焙烧过的Al2O3为载体,浸渍钯含量为0.15%~0.24%制成催化剂。CN1175931C报道了一种用于蒽醌法生产过氧化氢负载型钯-氧化铝催化剂及其制备方法,它涉及一种预先涂覆适宜量稀土氧化物,并经高温900~1000℃焙烧过的Al2O3为载体,浸渍钯含量为0.15%~0.25%制成催化剂。CN85100761A公开了一种用于裂解汽油馏分双烯烃选择性加氢的纤维载体催化剂,发明的特征在于采用比表面为20~150m2/g,孔容0.1~0.3ml/g的η-Al2O3多孔纤维状载体,该催化剂初活性高,但孔容太小,当裂解汽油加氢装置的原料中胶质、砷含量、水含量超标时,催化剂上孔容易结焦堵塞,影响催化剂加氢稳定性能。
一种优良的选择性加氢催化剂不仅要有较高的加氢活性,较好的选择性,更重要的是要具有良好的稳定性,也就是说,催化剂要有抗水、抗胶质的能力,这样才能使催化剂寿命延长。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种新的特别适用于裂解汽油的选择性加氢催化剂及其制备方法,该催化剂具有较强的抗水和抗胶质性能,同时还具有一定的抗高负荷和油品变化性能及较高的加氢稳定性能。
本发明所述选择性加氢催化剂,以氧化铝为载体,在氧化铝载体上负载活性组分金属钯,活性组分在载体表面上呈蛋壳型分布,其特征在于催化剂以重量100%计,含有活性组分Pd 0.2~0.5wt%、助剂2~8wt%镧和/或铈,2~8wt%碱土金属元素,催化剂壳层厚度0.07~0.15mm,比表面70~150m2/g,孔容0.3~0.6ml/g,载体氧化铝的晶型为θ型或以θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型。本发明的催化剂适用于中低馏分油双烯选择性加氢,尤其适用于裂解汽油馏分一段选择性加氢。
本发明氧化铝载体的制备过程可以为常用的制备方法,如:在载体制备过程中,将氧化铝粉、水等捏合后,挤条成型,40~120℃烘干,300~600℃焙烧4~6小时。
本发明的催化剂是采用最常用的浸渍方法制备的,也就是活性组分的加入采用浸渍法。本发明还提供了该催化剂的最佳制备方法:碱土金属、镧和/或铈最好早于钯之前加入,特别是在形成θ晶型氧化铝或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝前加入更好,这样会更好地改善载体的酸碱度及活性、稳定性能。
本发明还提供了该催化剂的一种具体制备方法:将碱土金属元素、镧和/或铈的硝酸盐等可溶性盐,加入水溶解后,浸渍与载体上,40~120℃烘干,900~1100℃焙烧4~6小时,得到含有碱土金属元素、镧和/或铈的θ晶型氧化铝载体或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝载体;金属钯的浸渍负载与普通壳层催化剂浸渍技术相同:先用一种能与浸渍液互溶的液体预浸载体,再用含有贵金属钯的盐溶液浸渍经预浸的θ晶型氧化铝载体或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝载体,浸渍后的载体经洗涤、干燥,在350~500℃焙烧2~4小时,即得催化剂成品。
用于预浸载体的能与浸渍液互溶的液体,最常用的是脱离子水。
本发明的催化剂还可以使用另一种制备方法:将碱土金属的可溶性盐、镧和/或铈的可溶性盐加水溶解后加入氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,40~120℃烘干,900~1100℃焙烧4~6小时,然后浸渍钯。钯的浸渍如上述,可以使用通用的浸渍方法。
本发明的催化剂并不仅限于由文中所举的制备方法获得的。本发明的成品催化剂只需要在反应器中通氢气还原即可使用。
本发明催化剂中活性组分Pd的含量为0.2~0.5wt%,最好为0.2~0.4wt%,过低催化剂加氢活性太低,过高催化剂初活性太高。
本发明在催化剂中加入镧和/或铈后,能够抑制高温焙烧时Al2O3晶粒长大,提高Pd的分散度,增强载体表面碱性,提高催化剂加氢活性及稳定性能,其催化剂中镧和/或铈的含量为2~8wt%,最好为2~6wt%,过低作用不明显,过高影响催化剂活性,可以是其中一种或两种,最好为铈。
本发明在催化剂中加入碱土金属后,一方面,经高温焙烧可调节催化剂表面酸性,提高催化剂加氢反应过程中的抗胶质性能,另一方面,碱土金属的引入可与镧和/或铈共同与氧化铝发生协同效应,抑制氧化铝载体比表面的损失、提高氧化铝载体的热稳定性和化学稳定性,催化剂中碱土金属含量为2~8wt%,最好为3~6wt%,过低作用不明显,过高影响催化剂活性,碱土金属可以是Mg、Ba、Sr等,可以是其中一种或多种,最好为Mg。
本发明催化剂中除了含所要求的组成之外并不排斥还含其它组份,如Ag、K等,可以是其中一种或多种,其加入量一般为0~2.0wt%,最好是0.4~1.7wt%。
本发明中催化剂的载体为θ晶型氧化铝或以θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型氧化铝,该载体具有适宜的比表面和合理的孔分布,活性及稳定性能良好的特点,优于其它晶型氧化铝载体。当使用以θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型氧化铝载体时,最好其中α晶型<15%。比表面最好是80~120m2/g。
本发明催化剂载体所用Al2O3粉,可以是市售的氧化铝粉,如是由硝酸法或是由二氧化碳法得到的Al2O3粉。本发明并不特别限定氧化铝载体的形状,它可以是球状、挤条状等。
本发明的催化剂适用于中低馏分油选择加氢,特别适用于裂解汽油一段选择性加氢。
本发明的加氢催化剂,具有良好的加氢性能,尤其当加氢原料中含有微量水、胶质时,仍具有良好的加氢活性及稳定性能。
具体实施方式
原料来源及分析方法:
氧化铝粉:山东泰光有限公司
氧化铝载体:挤条
评价用油:采自兰州石化石油化工厂
表1 加氢原料油(C5~C9)性质
颜色 | 碘价×10<sup>-2</sup>(g/g) | 双烯×10<sup>-2</sup>(g/g) | 馏程(℃) | 硫含量(ppm) | 胶质×10<sup>-2</sup>(mg/ml) | 水含量(PPm) | 密度(g/ml) | 砷含量(ppb) |
黄色 | 171.3 | 33.7 | 45~205 | 96 | 13.0 | 650 | 0.815 | 36 |
评价用装置:100ml绝热床加氢反应装置
分析方法:比表面 BET法
比孔容 BET法
双烯 苹果酸酐法测定油品双烯值,以克碘/100克油表示
碘价氯 化碘法测定油品碘价,以克碘/100克油表示
实施例1、
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,540℃焙烧4小时。然后将76.5g硝酸镁、28.7g硝酸镧溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1020℃焙烧4小时,制得Al2O3载体。
称取5.25g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到1.2L,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,加入脱离子水预浸载体,然后滤干水分;将配好的氯化钯溶液倒入载体上,边搅拌边加热煮沸,20分钟后滤干溶液,在空气中120℃烘干,480℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
对比例1、
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,540℃焙烧4小时,然后将76.5g硝酸镁溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1020℃焙烧4小时,制得Al2O3载体。
催化剂制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,540℃焙烧4小时,然后将28.7g硝酸镧溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1020℃焙烧4小时,制得Al2O3载体。
催化剂制备方法同实施例1。
对比例3
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,540℃焙烧4小时,然后将45.2g硝酸铈溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1020℃焙烧4小时,制得Al2O3载体。
催化剂制备方法同实施例1。
实施例2
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃2烘干,560℃焙烧4小时,然后将100.7g硝酸镁、34.5g硝酸铈溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1030℃焙烧4小时,制得θ晶型Al2O3载体。
称取5.6g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到1.2L,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,加入脱离子水预浸载体,然后滤干水分;将配好的氯化钯溶液倒入载体上,边搅拌边加热煮沸,20分钟后滤干溶液,在空气中120℃烘干,450℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
对比例4
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,560℃焙烧4小时,然后将69.7g硝酸镁、34.5g硝酸铈溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,850℃焙烧4小时,制得δ晶型Al203载体。
催化剂制备方法同实施例2。
实施例3
将102.5g硝酸镁、20.1g硝酸铈,19.4g硝酸镧溶入180ml水中配成溶液,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,1050℃焙烧4小时,制得θ晶型Al2O3载体。
称取5.07g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到1.1L,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,加入脱离子水预浸载体,然后滤干水分;将配好的氯化钯溶液倒入载体上,边搅拌边加热煮沸,20分钟后滤干溶液,在空气中120℃烘干,460℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
实施例4
选用山东泰光有限公司市售用于中低馏分选择加氢催化剂载体,在500℃焙烧4小时,然后将162.9g硝酸镁、38.6g硝酸铈、1.8g硝酸银溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1050℃焙烧4小时,制得θ晶型Al2O3载体。
称取5.95g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到1.2L,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,加入脱离子水预浸载体,然后滤干水分;将配好的氯化钯溶液倒入载体上,边搅拌边加热煮沸,20分钟后滤干溶液,在空气中120℃烘干,460℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
实施例5
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,560℃焙烧4小时,然后将13.1g硝酸钡、9.1g硝酸锶、34.5g硝酸铈溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1000℃焙烧4小时,制得θ晶型Al2O3载体。
称取4.72g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到580ml,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,加入脱离子水预浸载体,然后滤干水分;将配好的氯化钯溶液倒入载体上,边搅拌边加热煮沸,20分钟后滤干溶液,在空气中120℃烘干,470℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
实施例6
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,560℃焙烧4小时。然后将30.5g硝酸锶、45.52g硝酸镧溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,1050℃焙烧4小时,制得θ、α混合晶型Al2O3载体。
称取5.78g钯含量不少于59%的氯化钯粉末,加入200ml水,再加入盐酸,溶解后用脱离子水稀释到590ml,根据所需壳层厚度调节PH值;称取1.0kg成品载体,将配好的氯化钯溶液浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,450℃焙烧4小时,制得催化剂。
对比例5
将180ml水,加入300g氧化铝粉中,捏合后挤条成型,在空气中120℃烘干,560℃焙烧4小时,然后将7.6g硝酸钾、2.1g硝酸银溶入水中,浸渍与载体上,在空气中120℃烘干,980℃焙烧4小时,制得θ晶型Al2O3载体。
催化剂制备方法同实施例6。
实施例及对比例催化剂样品物理性能见表2。
表2 实施例1~6、对比例1~5中催化剂样品的物理性能
采用C5~C9馏分裂解汽油为原料,原料性质见表1,对实施例1~6、对比例1~5中催化剂样品进行评价,催化剂评价是在100ml绝热床加氢反应装置上进行的,催化剂首先在110℃氢气下还原10小时,然后降温到40℃后进原料油。反应条件:反应压力2.8MPa,入口温度40℃,新鲜原料油空速3.5h-1,氢与油体积比200∶1(体积比以新鲜油计)。分别评价200小时,每6小时取样分析产品碘价、双烯。每个催化剂在200小时评价中产品碘价、双烯的平均数据见表3。
表3 实施例及对比例催化剂200小时评价平均数据
将实施例2的催化剂样品进行1000小时长周期评价,催化剂评价是在100ml绝热床加氢反应装置上进行的,催化剂首先在106℃氢气下还原10小时,然后降温到45℃后进原料油。反应条件:反应压力2.8MPa,入口温度室温~45℃,新鲜原料油空速3.5h-1,氢与油体积比200∶1(体积比以新鲜油计),加氢原料油(C5~C9)性质见表1。每12小时取样分析产品碘价、双烯,取每隔200小时内的平均分析数据,评价结果见表4。在投入原料的1000小时运转过程中,加氢产品的碘价和双烯值一直保持在较低的水平,这充分说明实施例2催化剂适应双烯值高达33.7g碘/100g油、碘价高达171g碘/100g油、水含量650PPm、砷含量36ppb、胶质达13mg/100ml的较差加氢原料,催化剂具有一定的抗胶质、水、砷等杂质性能,催化剂稳定性好,加氢活性良好。
表4 实施例2的催化剂样品与对比例4催化剂样品的1000小时评价数据
Claims (14)
1.一种选择性加氢催化剂,以氧化铝为载体,以钯为活性组分,活性组分在载体表面上呈蛋壳型分布,其特征在于所述催化剂以重量100%计,含有活性组分Pd 0.2~0.5wt%,助剂镧和/或铈2~8wt%,碱土金属元素2~8wt%,催化剂壳层厚度为0.07~0.15mm,催化剂比表面积为70~150m2/g,孔容为0.3~0.6ml/g,载体氧化铝的晶型为θ型或以θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述的碱土金属元素为钙、镁、锶、钡中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述碱土金属元素为镁。
4.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂,其特征在于碱土金属元素含量为3~6wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂比表面积为80~120m2/g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂中Pd的含量为0.2~0.4wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于镧和/或铈的含量2~6wt%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于助剂为铈。
9.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于载体氧化铝是θ型为主的θ、α混合晶型时,α晶型<15%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂中含有Ag和/或K,其加入量为0~2.0wt%。
11.根据权利要求10所述的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂中Ag和/或K加入量为0.4~1.7wt%。
12.一种根据权利要求1所述的催化剂的制备方法,活性组分的加入采用浸渍法,其特征在于碱土金属、镧和/或铈早于钯之前加入。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制备方法,其特征在于碱土金属、镧和/或铈是在形成θ晶型氧化铝或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝前加入的。
14.根据权利要求12所述的制备方法,其特征在于将碱土金属元素、镧和/或铈的可溶性盐,加入水溶解后,浸渍于载体上,经40~120℃烘干,并且在900~1100℃焙烧4~6小时,得到含有碱土金属元素、镧和/或铈的θ晶型或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝载体;用一种能与钯浸渍液互溶的液体预浸载体,再用含有贵金属钯的盐的浸渍液浸渍经预浸的θ晶型或θ、α混合晶型氧化铝载体,浸渍后的载体经洗涤、干燥,在350~500℃焙烧2~4小时,即得催化剂成品。
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