JP7450346B2 - メタン浄化用触媒材料 - Google Patents
メタン浄化用触媒材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7450346B2 JP7450346B2 JP2019114458A JP2019114458A JP7450346B2 JP 7450346 B2 JP7450346 B2 JP 7450346B2 JP 2019114458 A JP2019114458 A JP 2019114458A JP 2019114458 A JP2019114458 A JP 2019114458A JP 7450346 B2 JP7450346 B2 JP 7450346B2
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- methane
- palladium
- purification
- carrier
- Prior art date
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 386
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 323
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 182
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 152
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 270
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 109
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pd+2] JQPTYAILLJKUCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 72
- HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxopalladium Chemical compound [Pd]=O HBEQXAKJSGXAIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 35
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Pd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GPNDARIEYHPYAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O UJMDYLWCYJJYMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricarballylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KQTIIICEAUMSDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenehexacarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O YDSWCNNOKPMOTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-ol Chemical compound CCC(C)O BTANRVKWQNVYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002940 palladium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 palladium halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IQVLXQGNLCPZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 2,6-bis[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]hexanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCCCC(NC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O IQVLXQGNLCPZCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPICKHDXBPTBLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GPICKHDXBPTBLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019568 aromas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QNSOHXTZPUMONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene pentacarboxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1C(O)=O QNSOHXTZPUMONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOQOMVWXXWHKGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 ZOQOMVWXXWHKGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOGBRYZYTBQBTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O LOGBRYZYTBQBTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XYGGIQVMMDMTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentacarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O XYGGIQVMMDMTKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、担体32についての比表面積は、ガス吸着法(定容量吸着法)によって測定されたガス吸着量に基き、BET法(例えばBET一点法)により算出される値である。ガス吸着法における吸着質は特に制限されず、例えば、窒素(N2)ガスを好適に用いることができる。
また必須ではないものの、上記乾燥後の触媒34を担体32ごと焼成してもよい。焼成は、例えば触媒34中に水酸化物等の形態で含まれる前駆体をパラジウム(およびパラジウム酸化物)に変化させたり、パラジウム(およびパラジウム酸化物)の結晶性を高めたりできるために好ましい。焼成は、パラジウム(およびパラジウム酸化物)の粗大化が起こらないような温度範囲(例えば、250~600℃程度)で、おおよそ30分間~数時間(例えば0.5~3時間)程度加熱することが例示される。
(例1)
担体として比表面積が6m2/gのアルミナ粉末を9.8g用意し、Pd担持量が0.2gとなるよう濃度および量を調整した硝酸パラジウム水溶液中に分散させ、30分間撹拌混合したのち、120℃で12時間加熱することで乾燥させた。得られた乾燥粉末を、500℃で1時間熱処理することで、粉末状の例1の触媒材料を得た。また、この触媒材料をプレス装置を用いて300kNの圧力でプレスし、得られた成形物を篩い分けして0.5~1.0mmに粒度調整することで、例1のペレット状の触媒供試体とした。
例1における担体を、比表面積が44m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他の条件は例1と同様にして、例2の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例3)
例1における担体を、比表面積が90m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他は例1と同様にして、例3の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例4)
例1における担体を、比表面積が109m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他は例1と同様にして、例4の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
例1における硝酸パラジウム水溶液に対し、クエン酸1.8gを添加した。また、担体としては、比表面積が51m2/gのアルミナ粉末を用いた。そして、その他の条件は例1と同様にして、例5の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例6)
例5における硝酸パラジウム水溶液に代えて、アンミン系パラジウム水溶液(Pd担持量0.2gに調整)を用い、クエン酸1.8gを添加した。その他の条件は例1と同様にして、例6の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
例6におけるクエン酸1.8gに代えて、リンゴ酸1.3gをPd水溶液に添加し、その他の条件は例6と同様にして、例7の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例8)
例6におけるクエン酸1.8gに代えて、酢酸0.6gをPd水溶液に添加し、その他の条件は例6と同様にして、例8の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
例6における担体を、比表面積が6m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他は例6と同様にして、例9の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例10)
例6における担体を、比表面積が41m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他は例6と同様にして、例10の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
(例11)
例6における担体を、比表面積が109m2/gのアルミナ粉末に変更し、その他は例6と同様にして、例11の触媒材料と触媒供試体とを用意した。
上記で用意した例1~11のメタン浄化用触媒材料についてX線回折分析を行ったところ、担体としてのアルミナの他に、パラジウム(Pd)と酸化パラジウム(PdO)が検出された。そこで、各例のメタン浄化用触媒材料について、TEMを用いて観察したところ、粉末状のアルミナの表面に、コントラストのより暗い物質がナノ粒子状に担持されていることが確認された。これらのことから、各例のメタン浄化用触媒材料は、アルミナ担体の表面にPdおよび/またはPdOが析出したものであることがわかった。PdとPdOとは、例えば排ガス組成等の雰囲気変動によってPdの電子状態が可逆的に変化し、Pdが容易にPdOに酸化され、PdOが容易にPdに還元されることが知られている。以下、アルミナ担体の表面に析出したPdおよび/またはPdOを、簡便のため、単に「パラジウム粒子」という場合がある。
次いで、例1~11のメタン浄化用触媒材料について原子構造像を取得し、アルミナ担体とパラジウム粒子との界面の結晶構造解析を行った。具体的には、各例のメタン浄化用触媒材料について、アルミナ担体とパラジウム粒子との結晶界面の原子構造像を、11点以上(N=11以上)用意した。原子構造像は、例えば、電子線の入射方向がアルミナ担体とパラジウム粒子の晶帯軸に沿うようにTEM観察試料の傾斜を調整することで得ることができる。また、アルミナ担体とパラジウム粒子との結晶界面は、複数のアルミナ粒子に担持されたそれぞれ異なるパラジウム粒子について観察するようにした。
また、アルミナ担体の表面に析出したパラジウム粒子の粒子径を測定した。パラジウム粒子の粒子径は、COパルス法による化学吸着分析装置を用い、得られた金属表面積とパラジウム量とから算出された値(体積球相当径)を採用した。その結果を下記の表1に示した。
例1~7の触媒供試体について、触媒評価装置を用いて、天然ガス(CNG)車両の模擬排ガスにおけるメタン浄化性能を調べた。この触媒評価装置は、マスフローコントローラ、加熱炉、エンジン排ガス分析計を備えており、所定の組成のガスを生成して触媒サンプルに供給するとともに、触媒サンプルへの流入ガスおよび触媒サンプルからの流出ガスの成分を分析することができる。具体的には、各例の触媒供試体1.0gを触媒評価装置に設置し、CNG車両の模擬排ガスを供給しながら、触媒供試体の設置部分の温度を室温(25℃)から500℃まで昇温速度20℃/minで昇温させた。このとき測定される触媒供試体への流入ガスと排出ガスとにおけるメタン(CH4)濃度の比から、メタン浄化率を連続的に測定し、メタン浄化率が50%に達したときの触媒供試体の温度(メタン50%浄化温度:T50%)を調べた。その結果を、下記の表1に示した。
CH4:4000ppm
O2 :10質量%
H2O:10質量%
CO :500ppm
NO :500ppm
N2 :残部
(パラジウム特定結晶面とメタン50%浄化温度)
例1~11のメタン浄化用触媒材料について、担体の比表面積とメタン50%浄化温度との関係を図5に、担体の比表面積とパラジウム粒子の平均粒子径との関係を図6に、担体の比表面積と、担体とパラジウム粒子の界面におけるパラジウム粒子の特定結晶面の割合との関係を図7に示した。また、パラジウム粒子の平均粒子径とメタン50%浄化温度との関係を図8に、上記特定結晶面の割合とメタン50%浄化温度との関係を図9示した。なお、メタン50%浄化温度は、その値が低いほど、より低温で高いメタン浄化性能が得られることを示す。
2 内燃機関
5 触媒体
10 基材
12 セル
14 隔壁
20 触媒層
30 メタン浄化用触媒材料
32 担体
34 触媒
Claims (3)
- メタンの浄化に用いられるメタン浄化用触媒材料であって、
アルミナからなる担体と、
前記担体に直接担持されたパラジウムおよびパラジウム酸化物の少なくとも一つからなる触媒と、
を含み、
前記担体の比表面積が20m2/g以上70m2/g以下であり、
前記触媒の平均粒子径が7nm以下であり、
当該メタン浄化用触媒材料を用いた1gのペレット状排ガス浄化用触媒供試体について、以下の組成:
CH 4 :4000ppm
O 2 :10質量%
H 2 O:10質量%
CO :500ppm
NO :500ppm
N 2 :残部
のガスを使用して該触媒供試体への流入ガスのメタン濃度に対する排出ガスのメタン濃度が50%となるような環境温度であるメタン50%浄化温度が347℃以下である、メタン浄化用触媒材料。 - 前記触媒と前記担体との接合面における前記触媒の結晶面のうち、Pd(100)およびPdO(101)が占める割合は、35個数%以上である、請求項1に記載のメタン浄化用触媒材料。
- 前記担体と前記触媒との総量に占める前記触媒の担持率は、10質量%以下である、請
求項1または2に記載のメタン浄化用触媒材料。
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