CN108724743B - 在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构 - Google Patents

在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构 Download PDF

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CN108724743B
CN108724743B CN201810360651.XA CN201810360651A CN108724743B CN 108724743 B CN108724743 B CN 108724743B CN 201810360651 A CN201810360651 A CN 201810360651A CN 108724743 B CN108724743 B CN 108724743B
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saddle
heating element
winding
element geometry
windings
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CN108724743A (zh
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J.胡斯
D.佩特里
E.哈布鲁特泽
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Georg Fischer Wavin AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/34—Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
    • F16L47/345—Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor making use of attaching means embracing the pipe
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3424—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having the form of a coil spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/342—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding
    • B29C65/3428—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint comprising at least a single wire, e.g. in the form of a winding said at least a single wire having a waveform, e.g. a sinusoidal form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5225—Joining tubular articles for forming cross-shaped connections, e.g. for making X-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5324—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length
    • B29C66/53245—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow
    • B29C66/53246—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers
    • B29C66/53247—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length said articles being hollow said single elements being spouts, e.g. joining spouts to containers said spouts comprising flanges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/34—Tapping pipes, i.e. making connections through walls of pipes while carrying fluids; Fittings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2793/0009—Cutting out
    • B29C2793/0018—Cutting out for making a hole
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16L47/26—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics for branching pipes; for joining pipes to walls; Adaptors therefor
    • F16L47/28—Joining pipes to walls or to other pipes, the axis of the joined pipe being perpendicular to the wall or to the axis of the other pipe
    • F16L47/30—Joining pipes to walls or to other pipes, the axis of the joined pipe being perpendicular to the wall or to the axis of the other pipe using attaching means embracing the pipe

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构。在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构，用于开孔的方法和用于输运介质的塑料主管道的开孔鞍座，所述鞍座包括短管，其中所述短管具有中心轴线、鞍座件，其中加热元件几何结构布置在所述鞍座件的内直径上，所述加热元件几何结构用于将所述开孔鞍座焊接到所述主管道外圆周长，其中所述加热元件几何结构具有绕组，所述绕组优选地由金属丝制成，其中所述绕组具有外绕组区域和内绕组区域，其中所述内绕组区域的所述绕组沿与所述短管的中心轴线同心的圆延伸为多个迂曲的环。

Description

在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构
在开孔鞍座中使用的加热元件几何结构和用于输运介质的塑料主管道的开孔鞍座，所述鞍座包括具有内螺纹的短管、鞍座件和优选地钻头，其中所述短管具有中心轴线，其中所述钻头优选地布置在所述短管中并且能在所述短管中被轴向移动，所述轴向移动优选地通过布置在所述钻头上的外螺纹，其中加热元件几何结构布置在所述鞍座件的内直径上，所述加热元件几何结构优选地由金属丝制成，该加热元件几何结构用于将所述开孔鞍座焊接到主管件的外圆周长。
从现有技术已知开孔鞍座以及管道开孔配件，并且开孔鞍座以及管道开孔配件被用于将支管连接到主管道。EP0 679 831 A2 公开了用于产生支管连接的成形的连接部，其中该文件中所使用的加热元件具有绕组承载件，在绕组承载件中电阻丝被放置在提供在绕组承载件中的凹槽中，并且绕组承载件进而被嵌入成形的连接部的材料中。
该实施例具有的缺点是：由于缺少电阻丝，在管道短管的内直径区域中向鞍座件内直径的过渡处形成冷区，并且在长期承受压力的情况下，该冷区算是薄弱点，因为介质的压力在鞍座上施加力，该力导致鞍座从管道剥离。
为了提供补救，存在尽可能减小冷区并因此使焊接区更接近短管的内直径的多种方式，但是这带来的不利是这些方式往往会意外出现金属丝和融化的材料。
EP 0 565 397 A1公开了用于生产用于焊接塑料部分的加热电阻器。加热电阻器生产为网格或，替代地以圆柱形管段形式的网格，然后通过将该圆柱形形状压缩成扁平的圆环形状而转变形状。此处的缺点是加热电阻器没有固定在支撑材料上，因此金属丝经历不需要的相对位移并且金属丝往往会从塑料部分冒出。
CN 105299372A 和 JP 5832248 l同样公开了用于开孔鞍座的加热绕组，该加热绕组具有特殊的缠绕方式。但是，这些加热绕组的缺点是它们在中心区域中具有很大的冷区并且，如已经提到的那样，这形成了薄弱点并且在那一点上的结合容易分开。
本发明的目标是提出用于开孔的开孔鞍座和方法以及对应的加热元件几何结构，该加热元件几何结构消除在中心的或直接紧挨着钻孔的冷区而没有会导致焊缝弱化的金属丝或熔化的材料冒出。
根据本发明，该目标是借助加热元件几何结构具有优选地由金属丝制成的绕组的事实实现的，其中所述绕组具有外绕组区域和内绕组区域，其中内绕组区域的绕组沿与短管的中心轴线同心的圆延伸为多个迂曲的环。该绕组优选地布置在支撑材料上。
所述迂曲的环凸出到短管内直径中，并且当然嵌入所述鞍座件中。这些环凸出到短管区域中足够远以至于在开孔期间所述钻头切断迂曲的加热元件区域。其结果是，焊接的区域延伸到所钻的孔。当然，在开孔之前实施焊接过程以保证在焊接过程期间尚未切断内绕组区域或绕组的内部弯曲。
根据本发明的用于输运介质的塑料主管道的开孔鞍座包括短管，优选地具有内螺纹，该内螺纹用于钻头的向前进给，但是所述短管也可以具体实施为不具有螺纹并且可以通过例如外部工具或钻头来开孔。
当然，所述开孔鞍座也可以具有短管，另一个短管可以适应于该短管，所述另一个短管具有内螺纹和带有对应的外螺纹的钻头，这又对应于具有可调节的开孔T的开孔鞍座。
所述短管具有中心轴线，该中心轴线也对应于所述钻头的中心轴线。所述开孔鞍座还具有鞍座件，其中所述鞍座件的内直径具有布置在其上的加热元件几何结构，该加热元件几何结构被用于到主管道的焊接。优选地布置在所述短管中的所述钻头具有外螺纹，该外螺纹对应于短管中的内螺纹，因此使所述钻头能够被轴向移动。如上文已经提到的那样，可以通过外部钻头实现所述开孔鞍座的开孔。
所述加热元件几何结构优选地具有支撑材料和绕组。所述支撑材料优选地用聚乙烯制造。所述绕组由对应缠绕的金属丝形成。所述金属丝优选地通过缝合、通过压入或通过绕在短管周围固定在所述支撑材料上，但是它也可以被埋入，因此通过将绕组直接埋入所述鞍座件中也可以省略支撑材料。所述绕组具有内部区域和外部区域，其中内绕组区域沿与所述短管的中心轴线同心的圆延伸为迂曲的环。每个环和所述中心轴线之间的距离都相等。
所述迂曲的环优选地具有径向延伸的绕组部分或远离中心轴线径向延伸的绕组部分，这些部分沿与所述中心轴线同心布置的圆按顺序布置并且通过圆弧（优选地弧形边）彼此连接。所述迂曲的环的内圆弧或弧形边优选地都在离所述中心轴线相同的距离处。内绕组区域的这种布置用于消除在已开孔状态中的内部冷区。 嵌入封闭的鞍座件中的迂曲的环凸出到所述短管的腔的区域中，其结果是，当在所述鞍座件上钻孔时，钻头不仅穿过鞍座件的塑料体，而且钻穿内绕组进而切断迂曲的环。因此可以避免直接紧挨着所述短管的内部冷区。相反，内绕组直接紧挨着所述短管。在钻孔之前进行焊接，并且通过在中心没有冷区的布置保证所述鞍座件和主管道之间的良好连接而不会存在金属丝或熔化的材料的冒出。此外，由于没有冷区，可以避免在内部区域中所述鞍座件从主管道分离。
外绕组优选地布置在内绕组周围，并且优选地由同一金属丝形成。已经证明螺旋形布置或迂曲的布置或甚至是多边形布置是外绕组优选的实施例。
在一有利的实施例中，当钻头在主管道和鞍座件上开孔时，所述钻头切断内绕组区域或迂曲的环，因此在直接紧挨着所述短管的鞍座件的内部区域可以不存在直接紧挨着所述短管的冷区，其结果是可以避免所述鞍座件从主管道脱离这一不期望效果。
有利的是，所述钻头的刀刃切断在绕组部分区域中的迂曲的环。这个切削点防止金属丝缠在钻头中因此也防止金属丝被撕下。
还被证明有利的是，所述迂曲的内绕组区域的绕组部分定向成与所述钻头的刀刃或形成在鞍座件中的切割边缘成直角。如已经提到的那样，这避免了金属丝以不希望的方式缠在钻头中。
尽管也可以想到其他的布置，但绕组的外绕组区域可以延伸成螺旋形形状、多边形形状或迂曲的形状。
所述绕组优选地由没有中断或连接处的连续金属丝形成。
根据本发明的加热元件几何结构被用作加热元件用在开孔鞍座中。所述加热元件几何结构布置在所述鞍座件的内直径上，并且用于将所述开孔鞍座焊接到主管道。加热元件几何结构具有绕组，其中绕组优选地由金属丝形成。已经证明优选的一个实施例是所述加热元件几何结构具有支撑材料。
所述支撑材料优选地由与所述鞍座件相同的材料制成，例如聚乙烯。所述绕组具有内部区域和外部区域，其中内绕组区域的绕组沿与所述短管的中心轴线同心的圆延伸为迂曲的环。
所述迂曲的环优选地具有径向延伸的绕组部分，所述径向延伸的绕组部分沿与所述中心轴线同心布置的圆按顺序布置并且通过圆弧（优选地弧形边）彼此连接。
为了保证所述绕组固定在所述支撑材料上并且避免绕组的位移，有利的是绕组被牢固地缝合到支撑材料上，然而其中牢固的缝合使金属丝在被加热时能够膨胀，并且也可以想到其他类型的固定。
所述绕组优选地在所述内绕组区域中具有迂曲的金属丝布置并且在所述外绕组区域具有螺旋形的、迂曲的或甚至多边形的金属丝布置。
根据本发明的用于在输运介质的塑料主管道上开孔的方法包括下列步骤：
将开孔鞍座定位在所述主管道的外圆周长上，
将所述开孔鞍座焊接到所述主管道的外圆周长，其中通过加热所述加热元件几何结构进行焊接，
钻穿所述开孔鞍座的鞍座件，并且在所述主管道上开孔，其中穿过布置在所述鞍座件中的加热元件几何结构进行开孔，其中优选地穿过内绕组区域进行钻孔，进而切断所述金属丝。
可以通过外部钻头或，替代地通过布置在所述短管中的钻头进行钻孔。
通过附图描述本发明示例性的实施例，但是本发明不只限制于这些示例性的实施例。在图中：
图1示出了通过根据本发明的开孔鞍座的剖面图，
图2示出了根据本发明的在外部区域中具有螺旋形布置的加热元件几何结构，
图3示出了根据本发明的在外部区域中具有迂曲布置的加热元件几何结构，
图4示出了根据本发明的在外部区域中具有多边形布置的加热元件几何结构，
图5示出了通过从现有技术所知的、已焊接并开孔的开孔短管的局部剖面图，
图6示出了通过根据本发明的正在焊接且已开孔的开孔短管的局部剖面图。
图1所示的附图示出了通过根据本发明的用于输运介质的塑料主管道的开孔鞍座1的剖面图。开孔鞍座1包括具有中心轴线11的短管2，在短管2中布置有钻头3，其中开孔鞍座1也可以具有短管，包含钻头的另一个短管可以适应于该短管，或开孔鞍座1可以具有可以固定在开孔钻头1上的开孔T。当然，也可以想到外部钻头，尽管没有描画该实施例，但是通过外部钻头可以在开孔鞍座上钻孔。钻头3优选地具有外螺纹16，外螺纹16对应于在短管2中的内螺纹15并且通过外螺纹16可以轴向调节钻头3。开孔鞍座1具有鞍座件4，鞍座件4布置在主管道7上。布置在鞍座件4的内直径5中的是加热元件几何结构6，加热元件几何结构6用于将开孔鞍座1焊接到主管道7。在图1所示的实施例中，仍然很明显的是还没有进行开孔，因为鞍座件4还不具有通到短管2的开放通道。其结果是，能够明显看到，绕组8或内绕组区域9的金属丝延伸到短管2的内部区域中。在已焊接的鞍座件4和主管道7上开孔期间，钻穿具有迂曲的设计的内绕组区域9，其结果是加热元件几何结构6的绕组8或焊接区18延伸至由开孔操作形成的圆柱形开口处，并且因此保证在内部中不形成冷区。
图2示出了加热元件几何结构6的绕组8的可能的布置。绕组优选地由连续的金属丝形成并且优选地没有中断。绕组8具有内绕组区域9和外绕组区域10，其中他们具有不同的布置。内绕组区域9具有迂曲的绕组，其中沿与中心轴线11同心的圆布置迂曲的环12。优选地以规则的方式沿与中心轴线11同心延伸的圆布置环12。迂曲的环12优选地具有径向定向的绕组部分13，绕组部分13在其端部通过圆弧或弧形边14彼此连接。内部圆弧或弧形边14优选地都在与中心轴线11等距离处。在开孔操作期间，钻头3切断内绕组区域9（优选地绕组部分13），并且绕组8、9的绕组部分优选地定向为与钻头成直角，因此能够防止金属丝在开孔操作期间被无意地拉出。外绕组区域10可以具有不同的设计。图2示出了根据本发明的加热元件几何结构6的一个实施例，该加热元件几何结构6具有螺旋形布置的外绕组区域10。图3和图4示出了外绕组区域10另外可能的布置，其中在图3中金属丝在外绕组区域10中延伸为迂曲的形状，而在图4中外绕组区域10的金属丝被布置成多边形形状。当然，也可以想到外绕组区域的其它布置或外绕组区域的金属丝的形状。
图5和图6示出了通过开孔短管1的局部剖面图，短管1已被焊接到主管道7并且已通过钻头被开孔。图5示出了从现有技术所知的开孔短管，在开孔短管上容易看到就在所钻的孔处在鞍座件4和主管道7之间存在冷区17，因此可能发生鞍座件4从主管道7的脱离。图6示出了根据本发明的开孔鞍座1，其中在鞍座件4中嵌入根据本发明的加热元件几何结构6。容易看出，绕组8的内绕组区域9已经被钻头切断，其结果是存在直接紧挨着所钻的孔的加热区，而非冷区。精确地说，这甚至保证了在所钻的孔的边缘区域中或所述鞍座件4区域的在短管2下方的内部区域中的良好焊接。当然，将开孔短管1焊接到主管道7是在开孔操作之前进行的，以保证只有在焊接过程之后才切断加热元件几何结构6的金属丝。在图6中容易看出开孔配件1还没有从主管道脱离，因为已经避免了直接紧挨着所钻的孔的冷区。
附图标记清单
1 开孔配件
2 短管
3 钻头
4 鞍座件
5 鞍座件的内直径
6 加热元件几何结构
7 主管道
8 绕组
9 内绕组区域
10 外绕组区域
11 中心轴线
12 环
13 绕组部分
14 圆弧，弧形边
15 内螺纹
16 外螺纹
17 冷区
18 焊接区。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于输运介质的塑料主管道（7）的开孔鞍座（1），所述鞍座包括短管（2）、鞍座件（4）和钻头（3），其中所述短管（2）具有中心轴线（11），其中所述钻头（3）布置在所述短管（2）中并且能够在短管（2）中轴向移动，其中加热元件几何结构（6）布置在所述鞍座件（4）的内直径（5）上，所述加热元件几何结构（6）用于将开孔鞍座（1）焊接到主管道外圆周长，其特征在于，所述加热元件几何结构（6）具有绕组（8），其中所述绕组（8）具有外绕组区域（10）和内绕组区域（9），其中所述内绕组区域（9）的所述绕组沿与所述短管（2）的中心轴线（11）同心的圆延伸为多个迂曲的环（12），
其中，所述迂曲的环（12）凸出到所述短管的内直径中并且嵌入所述鞍座件中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述加热元件几何结构（6）具有支撑材料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述迂曲的环（12）具有径向延伸的绕组部分（13），所述绕组部分（13）沿与中心轴线（11）同心布置的圆按顺序布置并且通过圆弧（14）彼此连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述外绕组区域（10）的所述绕组（8）延伸为螺旋形形状或多边形形状。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，当钻头（3）在所述主管道（7）和所述鞍座件（4）上开孔时，所述钻头（3）切断所述内绕组区域（9）或所述迂曲的环（12）。
6.根据权利要求3所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述钻头（3）的刀刃切断在所述绕组部分（13）区域中的所述迂曲的环（12）。
7.根据权利要求3所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，迂曲的内绕组区域（9）的所述绕组部分（13）定向成与所述钻头（3）的刀刃或形成在所述鞍座件（4）中的切割边缘成直角。
8.根据权利要求1所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述短管（2）具有内螺纹（15）。
9.根据权利要求1所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述钻头在所述短管中的轴向移动通过布置在所述钻头（3）上的外螺纹（16）实现。
10.根据权利要求1所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述绕组（8）由金属丝制成。
11.根据权利要求2所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述绕组（8）布置在所述支撑材料上。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的开孔鞍座（1），其特征在于，所述外绕组区域（10）的所述绕组（8）延伸为迂曲的形状。
13.用于开孔鞍座（1）中作为加热元件的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述加热元件几何结构（6）具有绕组（8），其中所述绕组（8）具有外绕组区域（10）和内绕组区域（9），其中所述内绕组区域（9）的所述绕组（8）沿与所述开孔鞍座（1）的短管（2）的中心轴线（11）同心的圆延伸为迂曲的环（12），
其中，所述迂曲的环（12）凸出到所述短管的内直径中并且具有径向延伸的绕组部分（13），所述绕组部分（13）沿与所述中心轴线（11）同心布置的圆按顺序布置并且通过圆弧（14）彼此连接。
14.根据权利要求13所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述加热元件几何结构（6）具有支撑材料。
15.根据权利要求13所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述开孔鞍座（1）包括鞍座件（4），所述绕组（8）固定在所述鞍座件（4）中。
16.根据权利要求14所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述绕组（8）牢固地缝合到所述支撑材料。
17.根据权利要求13所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述开孔鞍座（1）是根据权利要求1到12中任一项所述的开孔鞍座（1）。
18.根据权利要求13所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述绕组（8）由金属丝制成。
19.根据权利要求14所述的加热元件几何结构（6），其特征在于，所述绕组（8）布置在所述支撑材料上。
20.一种用于在输运介质的塑料主管道（7）上开孔的方法，其中所述方法包括下列步骤：
将根据权利要求1到12中任一项的开孔鞍座（1）定位在所述主管道（7）的外圆周长上，
将所述开孔鞍座（1）焊接到所述主管道（7）的外圆周长，
在所述主管道（7）上开孔并且钻穿所述开孔鞍座（1）的所述鞍座件（4），其特征在于，穿过布置在所述鞍座件（4）中的所述加热元件几何结构（6）进行开孔，其中穿过所述加热元件几何结构（6）的所述绕组（8）的所述内绕组区域（9）进行钻孔，并且切断所述内绕组区域。
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