CN101484297A - 由热塑性材料制成的管的连接方法和装置 - Google Patents

由热塑性材料制成的管的连接方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101484297A
CN101484297A CNA2007800253751A CN200780025375A CN101484297A CN 101484297 A CN101484297 A CN 101484297A CN A2007800253751 A CNA2007800253751 A CN A2007800253751A CN 200780025375 A CN200780025375 A CN 200780025375A CN 101484297 A CN101484297 A CN 101484297A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
receptor
sleeve pipe
coil
welder
described sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CNA2007800253751A
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English (en)
Inventor
P·斯特吕宾
R·许阿
Y·格罗斯让
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kclite Plastics Factory Co ltd
Alois Gruber GmbH
Original Assignee
Kclite Plastics Factory Co ltd
Alois Gruber GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kclite Plastics Factory Co ltd, Alois Gruber GmbH filed Critical Kclite Plastics Factory Co ltd
Publication of CN101484297A publication Critical patent/CN101484297A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B29C45/1459—Coating annular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/26—Moulds
    • B29C45/2616—Moulds having annular mould cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/364—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3644—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip
    • B29C65/3648—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a ribbon, band or strip said strip being perforated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52295—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/861—Hand-held tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91411—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature of the parts to be joined, e.g. the joining process taking the temperature of the parts to be joined into account
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B29C66/91441—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91443—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature the temperature being non-constant over time following a temperature-time profile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91651—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux by controlling or regulating the heat generated by Joule heating or induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
    • B29C66/91951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to time, e.g. temperature-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9672—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data inputs, e.g. involving barcodes, RFID tags
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • F16L47/03—Welded joints with an electrical resistance incorporated in the joint
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/06—Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及利用焊接装置(1)通过感应加热与包括至少一个感受器(13，14)的套管(12)建立接合连接(17)的装置和方法。

Description

由热塑性材料制成的管的连接方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通过焊接连接管状结构、特别是由热塑性材料制成的管状结构的领域。
背景技术
从现有技术中已知由热塑性材料制成的管的多种连接方法。
JP2005214251A2的目的是将树脂管焊接到连接管体，其中，将带有压缩盘簧的连接焊接体附装于连接管体的外周部分，将树脂管压在连接焊接体上。在离开盘簧预定距离处设置一感应加热装置，由此感应出感应电流以加热盘簧。经加热的盘簧由于周边树脂的熔化而从压缩状态伸展。由于熔化材料的固化，树脂管被焊接到连接管体上。该装置的一个问题是相关部件的制备和制造困难。
GB2406303涉及一种用于连接由聚合材料制成的管线端部区域的电焊接接头。该焊接接头包括一布置在该接头表面上、在使用时邻近管线放置的电加热元件。一指示销用来指示焊接过程的进展。该指示销设置在接头的远离管线的一侧上的凹座中。该装置的电焊接系统需要一用于电线圈的外部连接器来提供能量。这很难制造且存在接头中有弱区的危险。
EP1520684涉及一种用于在塑料件之间形成一焊接接合部的焊接组件。该组件包括第一和第二可相互连接的塑料件，其中，可相互连接的塑料件中的至少一个由可膨胀的热塑性材料制成。在所述第一与第二塑料件之间设置一焊接元件。当所述焊接元件被激活时，塑料件的表面层膨胀以减小焊接区域中第一与第二塑料件之间的任何空隙空间。从而第一与第二塑料件熔合在一起以形成一焊接接合部。
US2002170666涉及一种加热基体和位于基体上的涂层的方法。在涂层上施加一感受元件，使该元件和基体感应赋能以使基体和涂层被加热。
JP2004052993涉及一种高频感应加热构件以通过焊接接合管件。该高频感应加热构件通过高频感应加热来熔融和接合主要由热塑性材料制成的管件。将磁性金属如薄板形铁或不锈钢等成型为圆筒形或多边形，或者对所述金属设置多个孔和凹部。将所述金属保持在管件的间隙部分中，并通过高频感应加热进行加热以便被焊接。
US4842305涉及一种用于连接由不可收缩塑料如聚丁烯制成的管件的管件接合部。该管件接合部包括一套管体，该套管体具有朝向管件端部和与管件端部的外表面相配的渐缩的内表面。通过加热接合部形成区域实现连接——例如通过嵌入在套管体中的加热元件。为形成一接合部，使套管体在其内表面上呈一定锥度。使要插入的管件端部在外表面呈相应的锥度，并被插入到套管体中直到没有间隙余留。然后为热源赋能一定时间，使得套管的内表面部分和管件端部的外表面部分熔化，以在固化后形成一均质接合部。
WO9628683描述了一种在涂覆有聚合物的金属管线之间的接合部，向该接合部覆盖衬有粘合剂的可热复原套管(heat recoverable sleeve)，该套管定位成覆盖接合部任一侧上的涂层。当可热复原套管在被涂覆的管线上复原之前，将一金属网状元件定位成覆盖接合部任一侧上的管线涂层。在套管复原后，通过一感应加热器加热整个接合部，以便不仅在接合区域中的裸管与复原后的套管之间产生高温，而且通过网状元件在接合部任一侧上的管线上的聚合物涂层与复原后的套管之间产生高温。
WO9413457涉及一种通过在嵌入焊接区域的感应构件中感应电流而被焊接在一起的管与管座。感应构件的温度升高，直到达到其居里(Curie)温度；此时温度停止升高。该感应构件可嵌入在管筒和管座之一或两者中，或者嵌入在位于两者之间的独立的套环中。用于在感应构件中感应电流的焊接器具可以是同时感应电流和把管座夹持在管筒上的夹具的形式。一种形成管座的方法使用挤压，并包括膨胀管端和使其在包含感应构件的套环上缩回的步骤。
EP1369636涉及一种用于由热塑性材料制成的管线连接部的电焊接套管，该套管通过电焊接过程与一管线连接。该电焊接套管具有可与第一和第二管线部件连接的两个连接区域。该电焊接套管在第一连接区域中使用感应焊接过程与管线部件连接。
US5462314涉及一种电熔合接头，其具有包括加热器的体部。该加热器包括一磁性合金单元，该单元在其接合面附近具有一预定居里温度，使得加热器的一表面暴露于该接合面。使体部的接合面与要耦合的构件的接合面接触，在通过电磁感应向磁性合金单元施加高频电流时，磁性合金单元产生热量。由于其温度自控功能，磁性合金单元的温度保持在预定居里温度。当把居里温度设为熔合温度时，体部和构件的接合面可互相耦合。
GB808725公开了一种用于制作焊接搭接接合部的由热塑性材料制成的连接构件。该连接构件具有嵌入的加热装置，以在构件的要制作接合部的区域中使材料局部软化。加热装置可包括电阻丝、受到高频感应加热的金属环、或可燃材料，所述可燃材料由容纳在空心环或盘管中的无烟火药组成，或者由粉末状金属、合金或硅化物与氧化剂的混合物组成，所述混合物是自立的或位于一临时的、可熔的容器中。加热元件可以呈丝线网的形式，或是形成双始点线圈的丝线环的形式。
DE1086426示出了一种通过感应加热连接两个相互缠绕的部件、如由热塑性材料制成的管的方法。在两个相互缠绕的部件之间插入/布置一可电感应加热的金属薄片，然后通过感应加热加热该金属薄片，直到所述两个部件沿其边界层焊接在一起。
US2739829涉及一种通过感应加热与相邻的管材熔合的塑料管件接合部。该管件接合部因此包括插入在塑料管件接合部的端部处的非连续的金属带。为把管插入管件接合部的开口中，用膨胀剂增加塑料管件接合部的直径。当膨胀剂蒸发时，直径减小，塑料管件接合部收缩到管端部上。然后感应加热金属带，使得管的塑性材料与塑料管件接合部熔合在一起。该方法的一个缺点是膨胀剂有毒、从而很危险，并因此造成环境问题。另一个缺点是用于连接管件接合部与管件方法费时。
感应加热是通过电磁感应加热目标金属的过程，其中在金属内生成涡电流，阻力导致金属的焦耳(Joule)加热。感应加热器总体上包括高频AC通过其中的线圈。也可通过磁滞损耗生成热量。
通过电磁感应加热来焊接材料的感应焊接在现有技术中是已知的。一种焊接设备总体上包括一用射频电流赋能以生成高频电磁场的感应线圈。该线圈设置成使电磁场作用在一导电工件或一铁磁工件上。在导电工件如钢(的情况)中，主要加热作用为电阻加热(磁感应电流)。在铁磁工件如掺杂有铁磁粒子的塑料(的情况)中，由于电磁场的磁分量反复使铁磁材料的晶体结构发生畸变，因此磁滞造成加热。众所周知，可通过在塑性材料中植入一般称为感受器(接受器，susceptor)的金属或铁磁混合物来感应焊接塑性材料，感受器由于吸收来自感应线圈的电磁能而被加热。在这些从现有技术中已知的方法和装置中对温度的控制常常与铁磁材料的所谓的居里温度有关。因此，加热元件必须用铁磁材料制成。一个主要缺点在于，这些装置由于材料成本高而相对较贵。
发明内容
已经发现，没有一种从现有技术中已知的管连接方法和装置在实际应用中是令人满意的。一个常见问题是很难实现高质量和高强度的连接。另一问题是可用于实现良好连接的接头制造昂贵。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进的方法和装置，以利用感受器连接结构特别是由热塑性材料制成的管状结构。本发明的另一目的是提供一种用在根据本发明的方法中的接头，该接头较之从现有技术中已知的其它接头具有改善的性能并能低成本地制造。
本发明涉及一种用于通过焊接来使至少部分地由热塑性材料如聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)或聚丁烯(PB)(也可使用其它材料)制成的制品例如型材、管、管件、接头、护套或任何互锁物互连的方法和装置，其中，第一和第二部件的材料以受控的方式局部聚结。要互连的部件中的至少一个包括靠近连接面布置或布置在该连接面中的金属插入物。该金属插入物用作感受器，并设计成使得在通过焊接装置感应加热时热量分布到周围要连接的部件的材料中，使得材料在表面上以受控的方式熔合并聚结在接触区中。为了提高性能，感受器优选设计成一闭合环，可类似于变压器(transformer)过程通过电磁场在其中感应出圆周电流。从而由圆周电流造成主要加热，由局部涡电流造成次要加热。固化后两部件围绕和跨过至少一个感受器接合在一起，从而得到牢固、耐久的接合部。为了提高机械强度，金属插入物包括开口，至少一个部件的基材设置在所述开口中。结果，金属插入物不仅被基材围绕，而且散布有该材料，这造成更好的锚固并最终造成更牢固的接合连接。
在本发明一实施例中，用作感受器的金属插入物具有平的环状形状，其在轴向方向上具有一定长度，视所加场而定，所述长度比环的厚度(外半径减去内半径)大10-30倍。该感受器包括径向地穿过金属插入物的开口。视所加场而定，所述开口可具有圆形、三角形或方形横截面。也可呈其它横截面或其组合。特别是关于机械强度，避免边缘尖锐可获得好的结果。在一优选实施例中，边缘因此是通过混合圆化的，以在感受器嵌入周围材料中时避免应力集中。感受器设计成布置在边界面内，靠近所述边界面和/或在边界面稍下方、例如视所加场而定在边界面下方最大为1mm处。
根据本发明的套管优选以成本有效的方式通过注射成型过程制得。因此，至少一个感受器作为金属插入物设置成在模具的型芯上或腔体内与所述模具的外表面接触。在将感受器放置在模具中之后，闭合模具，封装感受器，并然后把液态热塑性材料注入腔体中，至少部分地围绕感受器。在塑性材料固化后打开模具，从模具中取出套管，从而可重新开始该过程。
如果需要将感受器在套管中定位成在表面下方离开套管外壁一定距离，则感受器可包括例如局部突起形式的定位装置，所述局部突起突出于感受器表面上方，并确定腔体壁与感受器之间的位置。该定位装置具有一定高度，该高度一般对应于感受器离开外壁的距离。当感受器由导电材料的薄条带制成时，定位装置可例如通过用合适的冲压工具冲压薄的材料片而定形成例如凹痕、切口、凸片。但是也可使用其它定位装置。
感受器对高频电磁感应敏感，并优选由具有一定电阻的可导电不锈金属制成，所述电阻适于把感应电磁场经电流转换成热量。视所加场而定，也可使用其它材料如铁磁材料。但是，用铁磁材料制成的感受器的一个缺点是显著的易腐蚀性。这可通过使用防锈材料如不锈钢加以避免。
用作感受器的金属插入物的设计被最优化成使得感应加热得到的热量经由要接合的部件的相邻边界面以平衡的方式分布到周围材料中。由于感受器包括开口，它们允许要熔合的材料通过，从而得到最优的保持和完好的流体严密性。为了使所得热量非常平衡地分布，感受器的尺寸、设计和体积与表面之比非常相关(见对图4-7的说明)。通过在导电材料薄板中冲压出开口形成感受器可获得好的结果。合适时在此同一过程中做出上述定位装置。为获得环形感受器，然后把材料薄板弯成一环。为使热量和导电性均匀分布，例如通过焊接或其它过程使环的端部互连是有利的。
第一与第二部件之间的接合连接通常围绕用作感受器的可感应加热的金属插入物形成，例如是插入在要组装的部件的接合面之间的闭合的导电环的形式。通过焊接装置产生的电磁场在感受器中感应出第一圆周电流和第二涡电流，该焊接装置一般包括一HF发生器和一场施加器，这将在下文中详述。焊接装置的场施加器包括一线圈，该线圈可通过一插头和一插座打开，从而可将其围绕要接合的部件设置。通过利用变压器效应在环形感受器中感应出第一圆周电流，导电环的温度迅速升高。感应出第二局部涡电流，其在该实施例中重要性较小。视感受器的设计而定，约90％的热量由圆周电流造成，约10％的热量由局部涡电流造成。所得感受器环的温度主要依赖于：a)所用材料(电阻)；b)所加电磁场；c)感受器形状；d)感受器与周围塑料之间的热传导性；e)要连接的部件的起始温度；f)感受器与感受器周围的塑料的比热。
与从现有技术中已知的装置不同，根据本发明的感受器的加热特性例如以热计量的方式进行确定，其中，把要测量的感受器定位在合适的液体例如水中，然后通过感应进行加热。通过测量液体的温度变化，即可足够精确地检测由感受器转换成热量的能量，并可通过实验和/或计算来确定参数(例如转换成热量的能量、电流、电压、电磁场强度、感受器尺寸和时间)之间的一致性。为了例如在管与包括嵌入的感受器的套管之间形成接合连接，检测套管的起始温度，视套管、感受器和要互连的管的尺寸和材料而定，通过根据本发明的焊接装置(见下文)施加一定强度的电磁场一定时间。可选择地或附加地，可通过不同的方式、例如在测试时为感受器设置传感器来确定感受器的特性。
焊接装置可包括或互连到数据库装置，该数据库装置存储有与焊接过程相关的尺寸、大小和过程参数的信息。焊接装置还可包括例如形式为键盘和/或条码阅读器和/或RFID阅读器的输入装置，通过该输入装置，能够输入关于和/或标识要在接合连接中使用的具体套管的信息。当识别了所使用的具体套管，便能从数据库装置中寻回关于必要的过程参数的信息。必要时，焊接装置还包括温度测量装置，可通过该温度测量装置来确定所要使用的套管的当前温度(焊接过程的起始温度)的。可选择地或附加地，有关套管和过程参数的信息可例如以RFID标签或条码(一维或二维条码)的形式与套管一起存储。在该情况中，焊接装置包括这种数据库装置不是必需的。套管还可包括用于确定温度的、例如形式为温度测量RFID标签的装置，所述RFID标签能够把当前关于温度的信息传送给焊接装置的接收装置。从而可按照从RFID标签寻回的信息来调整过程参数。优选地，RFID标签从电场、例如用于焊接的电场接收其功率/能量。通过把RFID标签合适地放置——例如靠近或直接接触至少一个感受器，便可直接寻回关于焊接区的信息。
焊接装置可包括特性(大小、性能)不同的可更换的套环。在一优选实施例中，焊接装置可通过包括多个套环、至少一个把手、至少一个HF发生器和/或传感器装置和/或输入装置的套件以不同的构形组装。焊接装置的部件优选地通过标准化的互连件互相连接，以防止错误组装。
根据本发明的焊接装置的一实施例一般包括：
·一高频电磁感应发生器(HF发生器)；
·一把电磁场施加到要互相接合/连接的第一和第二部件上的场施加器，从而该场施加器可包括封装在柔性套环中的多环丝线线圈，所述柔性套环能打开和闭合，从而便于其例如围绕一长管容易地定位；
.合适时在HF发生器与场施加器之间传输数据和/或电磁能的连接电缆。
在一实施例中，可用一固定或移动电源如电池组驱动HF发生器。该HF发生器一般基于一孤立的拓扑结构，该拓扑结构使用把DC电压链路转换成20-500kHz频率AC电压的高频变压器。对于AC线路，视所要求的功率而定，该DC链路可由PFC级(功率系数补偿级)供给，允许在AC源中形成正弦波电流。
在一优选实施例中，HF发生器由直接或间接地与例如上面所述的传感器装置和/或数据库装置和/或输入装置互连的控制装置例如微处理器控制。传感器装置测量焊接过程的有关参数，例如电流传导/流动、电压。在本发明一实施例中，控制单元设计成计算并由此间接地、例如不与感受器直接接触地控制传输给嵌入在部件的可熔材料中的感受器的有效功率。
为了经由感受器在第一和第二部件之间建立接合连接，一般需要如下过程步骤：
1、确定关于要接合的部件和感受器的具体的过程信息，并设定施加交变电磁场的水平和时间；
2、把交变电磁场经由场施加器的线圈施加给感受器，其中场具有一定水平。在表面上消散的功率水平为最大4W/cm2时可获得良好结果。从而迅速加热感受器和要熔合的面积。迅速加热可避免热量分布到要熔合的区域之外(该阶段可认为主要是绝热的)；
3、当要熔合的材料达到其熔化温度(对聚丙烯材料来说一般为260℃-300℃)时，减小所加场的水平，并设定成确保熔化材料区域中的温度保持不变的水平。视所加场而定，这通常持续少于60秒；
4、当材料足够熔化时，除去电磁场，以便建立的接合连接能够固化。
本发明一实施例涉及一种套管，该套管包括由注射成型热塑性材料制成的载体和与载体的一接触面等距地至少部分地嵌入在载体中的至少一个感受器。为获得良好加热性能，该至少一个感受器呈环形。为获得良好加热性能和接合连接处的高的机械强度，感受器由带开口的穿孔金属片构成。在一优选实施例中，该穿孔金属片的开口的横截面与邻近的密实感受器表面之比为40％-65％。该穿孔金属片的开口可至少部分地填充注射成型塑性材料，适于横跨感受器在要接合的部件之间的接合连接中形成桥。该至少一个感受器可由具有足够电阻的防锈材料例如不锈钢或铝或钛制成。在一优选实施例中，该至少一个感受器布置成与接触面齐平。可选择地或附加地，该至少一个感受器设置在接触面下方最大为1mm的距离处，通过注射成型材料嵌入。为设定位置，该至少一个感受器包括设置在接触面方向上的突起，所述突起用作定距装置。该套管可包括携带有关于该至少一个嵌入的感受器的特性信息的标签。该标签可以是一维或二维条码或RFID标签。该套管还可包括用于确定该至少一个感受器的温度的装置。
本发明还涉及一种通过上述套管与要接合的部件建立接合连接的焊接装置。该焊接装置包括产生电磁场的线圈、驱动线圈的HF发生器、和适当时与HF发生器和/或线圈互连以控制焊接过程的控制装置和向控制装置提供关于嵌入在套管中的感受器的特性信息的输入装置。输入装置可以是条码阅读器和/或键盘和/或触摸屏和/或RFID阅读装置。焊接装置可包括或互连一数据库装置，其中存储关于多个套管和/或感受器的信息和特性。
用至少一个感受器和一载体在至少一个部件与一套管之间建立接合连接的根据本发明的方法一般包括下列过程步骤：
a)将该至少一个部件和该套管定位成使得该至少一个感受器布置在该至少一个部件的一连接面附近；
b)把该套管和该至少一个部件布置在一焊接装置的一线圈的作用范围内；
c)通过该线圈产生一振荡电磁场，使得在该至少一个感受器中感应生成电流；
d)调节电磁场的水平，使得该至少一个感受器由于该至少一个感受器的材料的电阻而被加热；
e)施加电磁场一定时间，直到该至少一个感受器周围的载体的材料和该至少一个部件的连接面附近的材料表面地熔化并互相接合；
f)冷却熔化的材料，直到该套管和该至少一个部件的材料固化并形成接合连接。
附图说明
从以下详细说明和附图可更充分地理解本发明。
图1为套环打开的焊接装置的第一实施例；
图2为套环闭合的根据图1的焊接装置；
图3为温度曲线图；
图4为环形感受器的透视图；
图5为图4的细部D；
图6为根据图4的感受器的侧视图；
图7为根据图4的感受器的前视图；
图8为套管的前视图；
图9为根据图8的套管沿图8中DD线的剖视图；
图10为用于制作根据图8的套管的模具；
图11为设置在电磁场中的焊接装置和感受器。
具体实施方式
尽管结合本发明的具体实施例说明本发明，但是其它种种变型和改变及其它应用对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此，本发明不受这里公开的具体内容的限制，而只受所附权利要求的限制。
图1和图2示出了适于通过至少一个嵌入的感受器13、14在至少两个部件10、11、12之间建立接合连接的焊接装置1的实施例。该焊接装置1包括一具有布置在柔性套环4内的多匝线圈3的场施加器，所述套环由销钉连接的套环段8构成，并保护和引导线圈3。套环段8互相连接，使得它们能在一平面(这里为yz平面)中运动。套环4在一端互连到一包括开关20的把手19，可通过所述开关控制焊接过程。焊接装置1还包括或互连到这里集成在壳体21中的微处理器和调节焊接过程的输入装置22和/或显示关于焊接过程的信息的显示装置23。焊接装置1还包括连接电缆24，焊接装置1通过该连接电缆与功率源如HF发生器(未详细示出)互连，以向磁场供应AC功率。合适时电子器件和/或控制装置集成在HF发生器中。
如图所示，场施加器2设置成围绕第一和第二管10、11和套管12。套管12包括载体9与第一和第二环形感受器13、14，所述第一和第二环形感受器嵌入成与载体9的第一和第二开口15、16的一接触面18等距。第一和第二管10、11分别在它们靠近套管12布置的端部包括一外连接面26，该外连接面的直径对应于感受器13、14的内径(也参见图8、图9)。
在图1中，第一和第二管10、11与套管12同轴(x轴)布置，但是它们尚未插入开口15、16中。在图2中，管10、11和套管12以剖视方式示出(沿xz平面)，从而可看到内部。第二管11插入套管12的第二开口16中，通过焊接装置1进行的焊接过程已经在第二管11的外表面26与套管12之间建立了接合连接17。材料互相连接，感受器14整个嵌入在第二管11与套管12之间。可以看到，所示实施例的感受器13、14包括带开口25的穿孔部，该穿孔部中填充有载体9的注射成型塑性材料。由此，在接合连接17中，穿孔部的开口25中的载体材料在第一和第二互连部件11、12之间横跨感受器13形成桥27(见图2)。
如图1所示，焊接装置1的线圈3和柔性套环4可通过接头组件5打开，该接头组件包括插头6和对应的插座7。由此可将线圈3设置成总体上与至少一个感受器13、14同轴。
经连接电缆24驱动焊接装置1的HF发生器(未示出)的一实施例总体上包括确保两个功能的变压器，其中第一功能是使电压和电流水平与HF感应过程的要求相匹配，第二功能是确保能量源和连接电缆24与套环4之间绝缘，以确保操作者的最大安全性。合适时，附加的/另外的变压器和绝缘体也可确保控制部件与能量源之间完全绝缘。连接电缆优选包括多根导线，一些导线用于传输功率，一些导线用于传输数据，例如与套环4的互锁、温度和类型相关的信息。电缆被屏蔽以符合EMC要求。套环4包括多匝空冷线圈，该空冷线圈由安装在一把手上的柔性和开放的保护盖包围。所示实施例的套环4除其它外具有下述功能。柔性——能够适形于要通过熔合进行组装的管或部件的外部，这意味着，套环4的长度设计成与要熔合的部件相匹配。合适时，套环设计成可更换的，以便对各线圈3可用不同的套环4替换。打开能力——由于多触点接头5，这允许包围要接合的部件10、11和12，并在要接合的部件10、11、12完全装配好之后将套环4放置到准备熔合的位置上，或者允许容易地纵向定位在沿着要接合的部件10、11和12的任何位置上，而不妨碍可能的突出物(excrescence)或紧固销。视不同实施例的设计而定，套环4可借助于一坚固的多销连接器(rugged multiple pins connector)例如装在一人类工程学把手上，其中一固定底座可包括电子控制和指令装置的至少一部分，或者一种变型是对于每一套环4具有一把手。此外，由于其柔性，套环4密切跟随要组装的部件10、11和12的几何形状，确保最佳的电磁耦合，以便通过感受器13、14输送对称和均匀的加热。此外由于其狭窄的辐射范围和低的功率要求，所示套环4无需用于操作者的特殊的屏蔽。它设计成用来把高频电磁感应施加给插入在非导电可熔或热塑性型材的互锁表面之间的感受器13、14，以便实现紧密熔合连接。
图3用曲线图示例性示出例如嵌入在套管中的根据本发明的感受器在由图1和2所示的焊接装置感应加热时的温度与时间之间的一致性(见曲线30)。曲线30的特性还决定于由焊接装置施加的磁场的强度和起始温度31(感受器、围绕感受器的套管的初始温度)。当作为磁场强度的函数测量出温度与时间之间的一致性之后，可作为起始温度31、磁场强度和磁场施加时间的函数足够精确地确定一类似感受器的过程温度32。其优点是，尽管没有在线直接寻回信息也能以非常简单和成本有效的方式精确地控制焊接过程。因为温度不但随电磁场施加时间而变化，而且从强度方面(也是如此)，因此可用三维特性(数据)曲线图最好地表示感受器的行为，其中，x轴为磁场强度，y轴为电磁场施加时间，z轴为温度。适当时特性曲线图可与套管一起以例如能够容纳足够信息和借助于合适的阅读装置如条码扫描器进行阅读的标签或矩阵条码的形式进行存储。可选择地或附加地，关于多个特性曲线图的信息可存储在与焊接装置链接的数据库中，从而例如通过输入一特殊码即可从该数据库寻回合适的信息。可选择地或附加地，套管可配有RFID标签，该标签能够测量有关温度，并将其远距传送给焊接装置。该RFID标签优选由焊接装置施加的磁场提供动力。
图4-7示出了可用在根据本发明的套管12中以用于例如连接管件10、11(见图1、2、8和9)的环形感受器13的一实施例。感受器13在这里由通过具有一定电阻的可导电材料组成的穿孔金属片制成。使用不锈材料例如不锈钢可获得好的结果。不锈材料的另一优点是不易腐蚀，这对于接合连接的耐久性和强度具有积极作用。感受器优选定形状成无端的，这意味着其在圆周方向上不具有后面区域(hindering face area)——例如是第一与第二端相接合处的间隙的形式。在一优选实施例中，感受器用材料条带制成，然后将其弯成环形，并通过焊接将两个端部(电)互连在一起。避免不利的面区域因此与防止在建立接合连接时感受器受热不均匀有关。另一优点是，无端、均匀地定形状的感受器在最后的接合连接中用作加固装置。
可以看到，所示感受器13的外径Dext和内径Dint一般选择成使得它们紧配合在适于连接的管上。感受器13具有均匀的长度L，并包括直径为d的径向开口25。开口25在所示实施例中沿感受器13的圆周均匀分布，相互间隔一距离t。下表示例示出环形感受器的尺寸。本领域的技术人员应清楚，这些尺寸稍有变动并不偏离本发明的范围。视施加的场而定，尺寸变动最大为Dint的10％仍可获得合适的结果。
 
管径 L(mm) t(mm) d(mm) Dint(mm) Dext(mm)
40 14.5 4 3 40.1 42.1
50 14.5 4 3 50.1 52.1
63 18 4 3 63.1 65.1
75 21 4 3 75.2 77.2
90 24.5 4 3 90.3 92.3
110 28 4 3 110.3 112.3
125 28 4 3 125.3 127.3
在根据本发明的一连接套管中，热量主要由感受器13中的电磁感应生成，该感受器用作热源，并把其能量通过热传导传输给周围热塑性材料。
一种典型的焊接过程一般包括三个阶段：
.第一阶段：该阶段把感受器的温度提高到比热塑性材料的熔化温度高的温度。热塑性材料的熔化将在感受器的层上开始。该阶段持续约50秒。
.第二阶段：感受器上的温度稳定在一适宜的温度，以保持热量穿过热塑性材料进行扩散，并熔化感受器周围(物质)。该阶段视接头的内径和第二阶段感受器的温度而定持续5-60秒。
.第三阶段：感受器中不再产生能量。固化过程在感受器周围开始，感受器产生的总能量将向系统外扩散，直到被焊管件达到周围环境温度。
感受器优选用电阻合适的不锈钢或其它不锈导电材料制成。它们设计成嵌入、置于、插入或成型在要组装的两个热塑性或可熔部件之间，或者可选择地在两个部件之一的壁厚中。这些感受器或插入物必须被打孔，以使热塑性或可熔材料分子能在热熔合过程中混合和包围感受器，从而在两个接合部件之间建立起多个容纳桥。这些孔或开孔具有非常严格的形状和侧面，因为它们在充分、受控的加热所需要的整个电磁场耦合和电阻系数方面起着重要作用。另一方面，其余表面应足以把热量均匀地扩散到邻近的材料中。因此，可接受的感受器“透过度”(孔与密实的感受器表面之比)根据所用材料优选为40％-65％。
图8示出了套管12的正视图，图9示出了沿DD线的套管12的剖视图。套管12包括一载体9、第一和第二开口15和16，其中用穿孔金属片制成的第一和第二感受器13和14设置成与载体9的接触面18齐平。可以看到，穿孔金属片的开口25用载体9的注射成型塑性材料填充，从而设置在穿孔中的材料能够与要连接的部件建立接合连接桥。
尽管在所示实施例中第一和第二开口15、16的直径相同，但是也可使套管具有直径不同的开口。
套管也可设计成只有一个开口的插头。套管也可设计成具有直径相同或不同的多于两个开口的联结元件。合适时，根据本发明的套管可配有阀和/或泵和/或测量装置如水表。可选择地，除至少一个感受器13、14外或作为该至少一个感受器13、14的替换，套管可包括其它连接装置，从而套管可用不同的方式、例如通过法兰或螺纹连接进行互连。
与所示实施例不同，感受器也可沿着连接元件/套管的外表面嵌入设置，而不是如上所述地设置在套管的内表面附近或内表面中。
图10概略示出了用于制作根据本发明的套管的模具40处于打开位置，从而可看到模具40的内部。模具40包括同轴设置并可在x方向上相对于彼此移位的第一和第二相对的半模41、42。第一和第二半模41、42分别具有一适于临时接纳至少一个感受器(这里为第一和第二感受器13、14)的区域(这里为第一和第二型芯43、44的形式)。第三和第四侧半模46、47设置成可在y方向上相对于彼此运动，在模具40的闭合位置上至少部分地包围第一和第二半模43、44。在模具闭合位置，将液态塑性材料注入由四个半模41、42、43、44形成的腔体中，形成至少部分地包围至少一个感受器的根据本发明的套管的载体。
型芯43、44的尺寸在所示实施例中使得感受器抵靠各型芯43、44的表面45，在随后的注射成型过程中，当闭合模具时材料不会进入其间。合适时，感受器13、14可包括设置在模具40的表面45的方向上的突起(未示出)，所述突起在注射成型过程中用作保持感受器13、14离开表面45一定距离的定距装置，从而在注射成型过程中液态塑性材料能进入感受器13、14与表面45之间。从而感受器将被注射材料完全包围。
图11示出了一焊接装置1和相对于x方向与嵌入在套环4内的线圈3大致同轴设置的感受器13。感受器13大体上类似于结合图4-7所述的感受器13，因此不再赘述。通过在焊接装置1的线圈3中流动的交变初级电流生成用第一箭头35(仅示出了一个方向)概略表示的振荡电磁场。场35设置成与线圈3大致相切。感受器13设置在场35的作用范围内，从而在感受器13中在圆周方向上感应出用第二箭头36(仅示出了一个方向)概略示出的交变次级电流。与变压器类似，感受器13用作次级线圈。感受器13要用作次级线圈，重要的是感受器形成一闭合环。转换成热量的主要部分的能量来自于在感受器中感应出的次级电流36。小部分能量以涡电流的形式感应出，这在所示实施例中具有次要的重要性。但是，视感受器的设计而定，其它加热方式可能是合适的，例如其中通过涡电流加热可具有主要的重要性。

Claims (25)

1.套管(12)，该套管包括由注射成型热塑性材料制成的载体(9)和至少部分地嵌入在载体(9)中的至少一个感受器(13，14)。
2.按权利要求1所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)布置成与载体(9)的一接触面(18)等距。
3.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)呈环形。
4.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)由带开口(25)的穿孔金属片构成。
5.按权利要求2所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述穿孔金属片的开口(25)的横截面与邻近的密实感受器表面之比为40％-65％。
6.按权利要求2-5之一所述的套管，其特征在于，所述穿孔金属片的开口(25)至少部分地填充有注射成型塑性材料，适于横跨感受器(13，14)在一接合连接(17)中形成桥(27)。
7.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)由不腐蚀材料制成。
8.按权利要求7所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)由不锈钢或铝或钛制成。
9.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器(13，14)设置成与接触面(18)齐平。
10.按权利要求1-8之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器设置成在接触面(18)下方距离最大为1mm处通过注射成型材料嵌入。
11.按权利要求10所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器包括设置在接触面(18)的方向上的突起，所述突起用作定距装置。
12.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述套管(12)包括一载有关于所述至少一个嵌入的感受器(13，14)的特性信息的标签。
13.按权利要求12所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述标签为一维或二维条码或RFID标签。
14.按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，所述套管(12)包括确定该至少一个感受器(13，14)的温度的装置。
15.按权利要求12所述的套管(12)，其特征在于，确定热量的装置为RFID标签。
16.通过按上述权利要求之一所述的套管(12)建立接合连接的焊接装置(1)，其特征在于一生成电磁场的线圈(3)、一驱动线圈(3)的HF发生器、一与HF发生器和/或线圈(3)互连以控制焊接过程的控制装置和一向控制装置提供关于嵌入在套管(12)中的感受器的特性信息的输入装置(22，23)。
17.按权利要求16所述的焊接装置(1)，其特征在于，所述输入装置为条码阅读器和/或键盘和/或触摸屏和/或RFID阅读装置。
18.按权利要求16或17所述的焊接装置(1)，其特征在于，所述焊接装置包括或互连一数据库装置，该数据库装置中存储关于多个套管(12)和/或感受器(13，14)的信息和特性。
19.在至少一个部件(10，11)与按权利要求1-15之一所述的包括至少一个感受器(13，14)和一载体(9)的套管(12)之间建立一接合连接(17)的方法，包括下列过程步骤：
a)将该至少一个部件(10，11)和该套管(12)定位成使得该至少一个感受器(13，14)布置在该至少一个部件(10，11)的一连接面(26)附近；
b)把该套管(12)和该至少一个部件(10，11)布置在一焊接装置(1)的一线圈(3)的作用范围内；
c)通过该线圈(3)产生一振荡电磁场(35)，使得在该至少一个感受器(13，14)中感应生成电流(36)；
d)调节电磁场(35)的水平，使得该至少一个感受器(13，14)由于该至少一个感受器(13，14)的材料的电阻而被加热；
e)施加电磁场(35)一定时间，直到该至少一个感受器(13，14)周围的载体(9)的材料和该至少一个部件(10，11)的连接面(26)附近的材料表面地熔化并互相接合；
f)冷却熔化的材料，直到该套管和该至少一个部件的材料固化并形成接合连接。
20.按权利要求19所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器呈环形，并总体上与线圈(3)同轴布置。
21.按权利要求19或20所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述至少一个感受器周围的载体的材料加热到240℃-300℃。
22.按权利要求19-21之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述至少一个感受器的温度决定于所施加的电磁场的强度和时间及起始温度。
23.按权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，用热计量的方法确定所述至少一个感受器的热特性，在水淬中和/或通过一在加热期间与该感受器互连的传感器来感应加热该感受器。
24.按权利要求22或23所述的方法，其特征在于，关于所述至少一个感受器的特性的信息存储在一数据库装置中。
25.按权利要求22-24之一所述的方法，其特征在于，关于所述至少一个感受器的特性的信息存储在应用到该至少一个感受器上的一标签中。
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