CN1086157A - 喷嘴 - Google Patents

喷嘴 Download PDF

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CN1086157A
CN1086157A CN93117529A CN93117529A CN1086157A CN 1086157 A CN1086157 A CN 1086157A CN 93117529 A CN93117529 A CN 93117529A CN 93117529 A CN93117529 A CN 93117529A CN 1086157 A CN1086157 A CN 1086157A
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nozzle
spring
stamen
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axle
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CN1051255C (zh
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戈雷·桑德霍姆
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Marioff Corp Oy
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Priority claimed from FI924119A external-priority patent/FI96172C/sv
Priority claimed from FI933873A external-priority patent/FI96179C/fi
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3452—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another
    • B05B1/3457—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the cooperating elements being movable, e.g. adjustable relative to one another in response to liquid pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/03—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing adjustable, e.g. from spray to jet or vice versa
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/05—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/12—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/16—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening having selectively- effective outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/30—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages
    • B05B1/3006—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to control volume of flow, e.g. with adjustable passages the controlling element being actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3442—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a cone having the same axis as the outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3447—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a cylinder having the same axis as the outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3478—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet the liquid flowing at least two different courses before reaching the swirl chamber

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Telephone Function (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种新型喷嘴，特别适用于 那些以很高的液体压力从事操作的喷头。在喷嘴的 孔口(13)里侧设置一只螺旋弹簧(20)，其方式是导致 液体沿着弹簧各个簧圈之间的一条螺旋通路(23)流 动，于是液体在形成强烈的涡旋运动之后才离开喷嘴 的孔口。

Description

本发明涉及一种喷嘴。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的喷嘴，特别适用于在高驱动液压下能够工作的那些喷头上。
符合本发明的喷嘴的主要特征是：在喷咀孔口前方以一定方式配置一只螺旋弹簧，使液体在弹簧各个簧圈之间的螺旋通路中流动，以便液体形成强烈的涡旋运动之后再经由孔口喷放出去。
螺旋弹簧最好是围绕一根蕊轴放置，此蕊轴可以嵌入喷嘴体座中至少基本上是圆筒形的通道中去。
随着操作压力下降，弹簧会逐渐伸展，于是销柱就随着从它接近喷嘴孔口的底部位置挪开。这样导致了喷嘴孔及前方流动阻力不断下降，部分是因为螺旋弹簧各个相邻簧圈之间的距离增大，而螺旋流动通路的横截面也因而增大;部分是因为螺旋通路的轴向长度变短了。
于是，尽管操作压力变动，单位时间内排放液体的量将基本上保持不变。在许多情况下，采用一台或几台储液液罐作了液体的驱动装置是有好处的，于此，尽管随着储液罐逐渐泄放而操作压力不断下降，还是能够获得基本上不变的液体喷放速度。
以下本发明将参照附图比较详细地加以说明，附图以举例方式表明一些最佳实施例。
图1表明喷头的纵向剖面，该喷头配有符合本发明第一实施例的喷嘴。
图2、3和4表明在不同液压影响下图1中喷嘴单独放大的纵向剖面。
图5表明喷头的纵向剖面，该喷头配有符合本发明第二实施例的喷嘴。
图6和7表明在两种不同液压影响下图5中中央喷嘴放大的纵向剖面。
图8和9表明在两种不同液压影响下图5中两侧喷嘴放大的纵向剖面。
图10-14表明在不同液压影响下的一种可供选择的喷嘴实施例，用于喷头上居中配置的喷嘴。
图15表明装在配有释放玻管的喷头上的、符合图1-4的一些喷嘴。
图中参照编号1表示带有液体入口2的喷头体座，液体最好具有高压，甚至高达约300巴。入口2延伸成与轴向孔道3，如图1所示，通往居中配置的喷嘴4;从孔道3又引出分支孔道5，通往朝外倾斜的侧面喷嘴6。图1中的中央喷嘴4和侧面喷嘴6是本发明的第一最佳实施例，以下将参照表明侧向喷嘴6的图2、3和4，比较详细地加以说明。
喷嘴具有一个基座或托座7，借助于螺纹8拧进连接喷头体座1中分支孔道5的座孔之中。贯穿托座7伸展着一条通路，从孔道5的方向看，它具有一段园筒，筒壁用9标出，筒端止于环形挡台10;它还具有一个收缩成锥形的部分，配有涡旋腔另件11，构成了收缩成锥形的涡旋腔12和孔口13。在托座7的内端和在喷嘴座孔中作出的档台14之间设置一种过滤器，最好是盘状烧结金属过滤器15，具有中央通孔，可穿入蕊轴的端部销柱;此销柱具有一段园柱部分，伸进托座7的园筒形通道，并终止于端面18;此端面同涡旋腔12的锥形表面贴配，并设有许多倾斜沟槽19。
围绕蕊轴的园柱部分17置放一只螺旋弹簧20，一端顶靠在档台10和/或涡旋腔另件11的内端或涡旋腔12的壁部上面，另一端顶靠在蕊轴的凸缘21上面，而所述凸缘21本身又顶靠在过滤器15上面。于是弹簧20就趋向于推动蕊轴离开涡旋腔，并推动过滤器15抵住档台14。凸缘21的直径比托座7在9处的圆筒形通道直径稍微小一点，以致于如图3所示，当蕊轴被驱动而抵住涡旋腔12的底壁时，在凸缘21和壁部9之间存在一条环形通道22。
沿着蕊轴园柱部分17和园筒形通道的壁部9之间的环形空间形成了弹簧20各个簧圈之间的一条螺旋通道23;蕊轴园柱部分17和弹簧20的尺寸都最好是使得实际上全部流通的液体都循着这条螺旋通路23，从而流体在涡旋腔12中造成强烈的涡旋运动，再穿过孔口13出去。
图2中，喷头或者是暂停不用的，或者是有效液体压力为此之低，以至于弹簧20迫使过滤器15紧贴档台14。弹簧20比较伸展一些，螺旋通路23的横截面比较宽了一些。蕊轴的端面18离开喷嘴孔口13最远，于是螺旋通路23也比较短了一些。过滤器15和托座7的端部之间存在一个间隙24。
图3中，喷头受促动，液体压力很高。越过过滤器15和螺旋通路23的压力落差是如此之大，以至于弹簧20受到压缩，直至过滤器15碰到托座7，而且由于超过凸缘21和壁部9之间环形通道22的压力落差，蕊轴本身继续移动。蕊轴的端面18向下触到涡旋腔底壁，因而螺旋通路23比图2中的既窄又长。一种猛烈回旋着的雾状液流穿过孔口13喷放出来。
对于本专利申请所设想的一些喷头，利用一台或许多储液罐作为驱动装置和液体来源往往是很方便的。
驱动气体压力，从而液体压力，最终将下降到比如100巴这样低的数值，以致弹簧20在第一阶段迫使蕊轴从涡旋腔另件11松开，于此，凸缘21尚未接触过滤器15，亦即尚未封闭间隙28，而越过环形通道22的压力落差单独平衡着弹簧20。
如图4中所示，在第二阶段，凸缘也推举过滤器15离开托座7的端部。在图4的状态下，由于过滤器15和挡台14之间的侧向或径向余隙，以及销柱件16和过滤器15之间的余隙，存在着蕊轴件17不能正确对中的某种风险。为了获得环形通道22到处一致的宽度，并因而获得基本上可以予先确定的、通过环形通道22的流动阻力，希望得到对中的配置。借助于销柱件16的锥形延伸部26，所需要的对中配置是可以确保的;所述延伸部26伸入入口孔道5。经过锥体26的液流可自动地对中蕊轴装置，而越过锥体26和入口5的边缘之间通道27的压力落差，同越过过滤器15的压力落差和越过环形通道22的压力落差一起，参与平衡弹簧20。
改变园柱形销柱件16的轴向长度和/或延伸部26的锥角，就有可能在弹簧20随着驱动压力不断降低而逐渐伸展、从图3的状态经过图4的状态回复到图2状态的时候，在某一可予先确定的液体压力下关闭入口5。在图1-4的实施例中，延伸部26正好在过滤器15接触挡台14之前或者正当接触的时候关闭入口5。当然，延伸26可以具有一般的截锥形状以供选择。
不过，应当指出，在大多数情况下，也可以不要延伸部26而达到满意的结果，亦即，象图5-9中的销柱件32和37那样，销柱件16的端部设在过滤器15处，或略高一点的地方。
在图4状态下，螺旋通路23比图3中的宽一些，也短一些，因为蕊轴的端部离开涡旋腔12远一些。其结果是，流出孔口的液体速度并不与下降着的液体压力成比例地下降，却保持惊人的不变速度，虽然液雾的回旋运动陆续减弱，而液滴尺寸增大。
弹簧20的力、环形通道22和过滤器15与端部销柱16之间的余隙，可以按照有关液体速度、液滴尺寸、在灭火过程的不同阶段所需的各种驱动压力等等变化着的多种考虑因素予以改变。在一部灭火装置中可以分别配装不同的喷头，同样在一个喷头上也可以有一些独特的喷嘴。
在后一种情况中，如图1所示，主要是喷头上的中央喷嘴可以配装得有别于侧面喷嘴，比如这样做;使得其弹簧比侧面喷嘴的弹簧稍微强一些，由此，在液体压力降低之后，有可能长时间地在主方向上保持一般较为强劲的液体喷流或射流。这一点可以利用在申请编号为924119的芬兰专利所说明的枪式手提灭火器上面，方式是：与穿过中央喷咀、在主方向上的一股强劲喷射液流同时，借助于侧面喷嘴提供一种液雾屏障，借此有可能逼近产生强烈的烈火。这种人力操纵的器具可以毫无困难地设计成在灭火过程中随意改变操作或液体压力。
当符合芬兰专利申请NO.924752的储液罐用作驱动装置时，借助于符合本发明的喷嘴可以达到特别有利的效果。这种储液罐具有带许多管壁孔眼的一根出口导管，以致在气体压力已经降低到某一予先确定的水平之后，驱动气体可被掺混到灭火液里面去。在图3所示的初始阶段，可以取得具有细小液滴、并有良好穿透能力的一种强烈回旋的液雾;在图4所示的阶段开始时，可以取得具有冷却高温表面和阴燃火焰的良好能力的较大液滴;随后，由于驱动压力逐渐降低和混合气体是逐渐增大，以及逐渐返回到图2的状态，具有比图3的初始阶段期间更为细小的液滴的一股完全的激流就可以长时间地保持下去。
在使用液泵作为驱动装置的灭火装置中，符合本发明的喷嘴使得有可能通过改变液泵的操作压力在灭火过程中改变液流的模态。因而每种喷头的作用范围就可以扩大，而一个人就能用较少的喷头完成任务。
图5-9中所示的实施例，带中央喷嘴30和两侧喷嘴31，在中央喷嘴里面有一根蕊轴销柱32，其轴向孔道33的末端是一个节流孔34。螺旋弹簧35围绕销柱32放置，沿着并在弹簧35各个弹圈之间形成一条螺旋式流动通路36。这种实施例一般地可以产生相当强劲的液流，会造成一种携带侧面喷嘴31所产生的液雾一道向前的抽吸力;侧面喷嘴31具有一根实心的蕊轴销柱37，螺旋弹簧35围绕着它形成一条螺旋流动通路36。图6和7，以及8和9，象图2和3一样，分别表明没有或有低液体压力下和高液体压力下的状况。当然也会发生图4的状况。
图10-14表明本发明的又一实施例。喷头的侧面喷嘴6与图1-4中的是同一类的，而中央喷嘴60具有一个托座61，拧入喷头中央孔道3的下端并在喷嘴孔口处带有一个涡旋腔62。螺旋弹簧63的一端支撑在涡旋腔62的壁部，另一端抵住可在中央孔道3里面移动的、蕊轴64上的一个柱塞状加粗部分，所述柱塞状部分大致构成蕊轴朝着孔道3入口的那一半。在蕊轴14的柱塞部分和孔道3的壁部之间有一条环形通道71。蕊轴64有一条轴向孔道65，其入口处带节流孔66，在蕊轴的柱塞部分后面带有通向孔道3的分路孔。至于蕊轴64的其余较细部分69，围绕这部分69放置弹簧63，可以是实整的。弹簧63的各个簧圈，在蕊轴部分69和拧入孔道3端部的托座61园筒部分之间，形成一条螺旋通路70。
在暂停不用状态中，如图10所示，弹簧63迫使蕊轴紧贴中央孔道3的入口。流穿的高压液体会造成越过节流孔66和越过蕊轴64柱塞部分和孔道3壁部之间环形通道71的压力降落，以至蕊轴被朝向中央喷嘴60驱至底部，如图11所示，同时实整蕊轴部分69的最好是锥形的端部紧贴涡旋腔62的同样锥形壁部。弹簧63受到压缩，弹簧各个簧圈所形成的螺旋通路70既长又窄，在弹簧63的端部后面的一条通道72里面继续下去;此通道形成于蕊轴端部和涡旋腔壁部之间并引向喷嘴孔口。
通道72的一项最佳实施例，在图11中看不清楚，示于图12和13。蕊轴部分69的锥形端面用73标明，而锥面73上的许多最好是倾斜的沟槽，比如四条沟槽，用74标明。因而在图12的位置上中央喷嘴60会产生强烈回旋的液雾，正象侧面喷嘴6一样。图1-4实施例中的一些沟槽19最好也以同样方式设置。如果除掉沟槽19或74，这种特殊喷嘴将分别在图3和11的位置被封闭起来。
在液体压力已经降落到早先提到的比如大约100巴之后，蕊轴64采取大约如图14所示的位置。在这一位置上，越过环形通道71、节流孔66和螺旋通路70的压力降落将平衡弹簧63的弹力。螺旋通路70于是就象图14中那样，既短又宽，而两侧喷嘴6的供液孔道5基本上就被蕊轴64的柱塞部分堵住。大部分液体，作为强劲的集中液流，这时就穿过中央喷嘴60喷放出去。
图35表明带有与图1-4中同一类的一些侧面喷嘴。在早先说明过的中央喷嘴位置上，配置一个托座100，用于一只释放玻管101;此玻管在一定的高温下不会融化或破裂。在喷头中央孔道3里面设置一根蕊轴102，受螺旋弹簧103迫使会以某一力量顶住玻管101;这一作用力单独不可能破断玻管，但在玻管已经融化或破裂之后，会从图15的位置推动蕊轴102向下，从而打开从喷头入口到侧面喷嘴6的液路。
蕊轴102具有一条轴向孔道104，起自入口2处的端部，经过分路105止于孔道3的壁部和蕊轴102相反端部107之间的环形腔106里面;所述端部107嵌入玻管托座100之中，与之成密封关系。朝向蕊轴102入口端的、环形腔106的那一端止于一个相对于孔道3壁部密封起来的柱塞部分108。柱塞108所形成的环形表面109等同于蕊轴102入口端的那一表面，它处于作用在入口2的液体压力影响之下。于是，入口2中的液体压力就由环形表面109上的压力来平衡。因而，喷头能够承受入口2中很高的压力，包括压力冲击，而不会破断玻管101。如图15所示的喷头可以用来控制符合图1-14任何一幅的许多其他喷头的启动。

Claims (10)

1、喷嘴，特别用于一种喷头，其特征是：一只螺旋弹簧(20，35；63)设置在喷嘴孔口前方，使得液体在弹簧各个簧圈之间的一条螺旋通路(23；36；70)中流动，以便使液体在穿过孔口喷放出去以前构成一种强烈的涡旋运动。
2、按照权利要求1所述的喷嘴，其特征是：螺旋弹簧（20，35;63）围绕一根蕊轴另件（17;32，37;;69）定位，此蕊轴可以嵌喷嘴体体座（7;61）中至少基本上是园柱形的通道中去。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的喷嘴，其特征是：螺旋弹簧的一端在接近喷嘴孔口处受到支撑，而另一端抵住可在两处位置中间移动的一个支撑件（15，21;64）。
4、按照权利要求3所述的喷嘴，其特征是：螺旋弹簧所述的另一端抵住同所述蕊轴另件一起，可在喷嘴体座内端和在喷嘴孔座中作出的一个档台（14）之间移动的过滤器（15）。
5、按照权利要求4所述的喷嘴，其特征是：螺旋弹簧所述的另一端通过蕊轴另件（17）的一个凸缘（21）抵住过滤器（15），所述凸缘（21）具有的直径小于喷嘴体座（7）中所述园柱形通道（19）的直径，使凸缘（21）和通道壁部（9）之间能有一条环形通道（22）。
6、按照权利要求4或5所述的喷嘴，其特征是：所述过滤器（15）是一个由蕊轴的销柱另件（16）定住的盘状过滤器。
7、按照权利要求6所述的喷嘴，其特征是：所述销柱另件具有一段锥形延伸部（26），伸进喷嘴的进液孔道（5）。
8、按照权利要求7所述的喷嘴，其特征是：所述锥形延伸部（26）设置得能在所述过滤器（15）抵住所述档台（14）的时候堵塞进液孔道。
9、按照权利要求3所述的喷嘴，其特征是：
螺旋弹簧（63）所述的另一端抵住设置在喷头孔道（3）里面的蕊轴的柱塞状部分（64）。
另件（69），围绕它放置弹簧（63），是所述蕊轴的一部分
蕊轴在孔道（3）中的运动，在蕊轴一端位置处受到喷头入口（2）处一个档台的限制，而在另一端位置处受到围绕它置放弹簧（63）的所述另件（69）的限制;此另件正靠在接近喷嘴孔口的喷嘴体座（61）上面，最好是靠在锥形涡旋腔（62）的壁部上面，其方式使得在贴近的各表面之间形成一条通道（72）。
在所述柱塞状部分（64）和孔道（3）的环绕壁部之间存在一条环形通道（71），而且
蕊轴有一条轴向孔道（65），从喷头入口（2）方向可以看到，是在所述柱塞状蕊轴部分（64）的后面，连通在螺旋弹簧（63）各个簧圈之间穿行的所述螺旋通路（70），并且最好具有一个节流的入口（66）。
10、按照权利要求9所述的喷嘴，其特征是：抵住涡旋腔壁部的销柱（69）的端面（73）上有许多倾斜沟槽（74）以提供所述通道（72）。
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CN1051255C (zh) 2000-04-12
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GB2286119A (en) 1995-08-09

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