CN108522997A - 一种降脂代餐粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- CN108522997A CN108522997A CN201810388663.3A CN201810388663A CN108522997A CN 108522997 A CN108522997 A CN 108522997A CN 201810388663 A CN201810388663 A CN 201810388663A CN 108522997 A CN108522997 A CN 108522997A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
一种降脂代餐粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)混配油料乳化;(2)冷冻升华干燥;(3)混配谷物料混合过筛;(4)挤压膨化经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度160‑180℃、螺杆转速120‑180r/min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度100目‑120目,即得。本发明之降脂酵素代餐粉,能作为降脂的代餐饮食,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量≧210.2mg/100g;总黄酮含量≧947.2mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状食用安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种降脂代餐粉的制备方法。
背景技术
随着经济的快速发展和生活节奏的加快,代餐方便食品因其方便快捷而受到消费者青睐,但这类产品基本以“芝麻糊”等糊粉类冲调食品占据市场,产品的种类少,由于过度地追求口感,产品多以精米、白面等精谷物为原料加工而成,鲜见全谷物粗粮、杂粮类产品;同时产品普遍存在营养结构不合理的缺陷,如果长期食用,会严重影响消费者的健康。
除了针对普通消费人群,医院住院病人服用的临床营养食品是另一大类型的代餐方便食品。由于这类产品对加工工艺、产品性能和营养素配比等方面都具有严格的要求,长期以来我国的临床营养品市场主要被欧美等的国外品牌占据,国产品牌的市场份额还不足1%。国外品牌临床营养品的加工方式都是采用蛋白质、脂肪等营养素复配加工而成,因此产品缺少食品的特有风味,且因为渗透压较高,病人服用后容易出现腹泻等现象,不适用于中国人的肠胃。而且,目前,减肥药多数效果差、副作用大。但谷物类食品适应于中国人的肠胃,现代营养学研究显示,天然植物中如生物碱、多酚、黄酮类和多糖等具有降低血脂功效。从杂粮和药食同源原料中开发安全性高、疗效确切和作用稳定的膳食类产品,可以减少减肥药物及其他对健康有隐患的膳食类产品的使用,也是目前研究热点之一。采用天然食品原料,利用天然食品富含功能活性成分复合加工制成代餐粉可作为特种医学配方食品的基料。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种安全健康的降脂代餐粉的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是,一种降脂代餐粉的制备方法,将鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油经剪切乳化后,加入纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉,而后与发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配经挤压膨化后加工而成。
本发明之鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油等油配混料与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉混合配料和发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料配比是:3-5:1-3:4-6(优选:4:2:5)。
本发明之降脂代餐粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠按照重量比3-5:2-4:1(优选4:3:1)混合,并加入相当于聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠总重量8-12倍的75℃-85℃(优选80℃)的纯净水,搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油按重量比4-6:3-5:1-2(优选:5:4:1)混合,得混合油,聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠的总重量为鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油总重量的1.2%-1.6%(优选1.4%),将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为50℃—60℃(优选55℃),形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉混合料乳化,纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉重量比为4-6:2-4:2-4:1(优选:5:3:3:1),鱼油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油总重量与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉、低聚异麦芽糖粉总重量之比为3-5:1-3(优选:4:2); 乳化温度70℃-80℃(优选75℃), 乳化时间10-20min(优选15min) , 乳化剪切机转速8000r/min-10000r/min(优选9000r/min),得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在25MPa -35 MPa(优选30 MPa) 均质 2-4 次(优选3次),得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5-6 h ,而后在 1 h内降温至70 ℃ ,恒温 1-2 h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(3)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料按重量比:4-6:2-4:1(优选5:2:1)混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经60-80 目筛分,得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,使得鱼油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油总重量与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉、低聚异麦芽糖粉总重量与发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料总重量之比是:3-5:1-3:4-6(优选:4:2:5),得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为16-20%(优选18%),然后经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度160-180℃(优选170℃)、螺杆转速120-180r /min(优选160r /min);将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度100目-120目,即得。
本发明之代餐粉选用不饱和脂肪酸比例含量高且配比均衡的油脂如鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油;选用多酚类含量高的纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和含皂苷含量高的低聚异麦芽糖粉,选用富含膳食纤维和多糖物质的发芽糙米、薏仁粉、小米为碳水化合物,这些可作为特种医学配方食品良好的基料。
鱼油:鱼油富含DPA和EPA,DHA是大脑和视网膜的重要构成成分,在人体大脑皮层中含量高达20%,在视网膜中所占比例最大,约占50%,与ARA共同作用维持大脑和眼睛正常生理功能,促进胎、婴幼儿大脑和视力发育,预防老年痴呆;EPA具有抑制血栓,预防心肌梗塞和脑梗塞,治疗动脉粥样硬化和辅助降血压的功效。
葡萄籽油:葡萄籽油具有降血脂、改善心血管疾病、抗衰老、降低血胆固醇、抗癌等作用。葡萄籽油具有调节人体植物神经、营养脑细胞、促进儿童生长发育和提高健康水平等作用。
南瓜籽油:南瓜籽油富含生育酚和VA,其中生育酚含量较高,α-生育酚和γ-生育酚含量分别为2 mg/kg~91 mg/kg 和41 mg/kg~620 mg/kg;南瓜籽油中还含富含植物甾醇。南瓜籽油具有相当的调节血脂和抗氧化的潜力。
蓝莓粉:蓝莓含有的花青素、VE 及VC 等还原性物质,可修复受自由基伤害生成一氧化氮的血管内皮细胞,确保人体内有足量的、稳定的一氧化氮供应。一氧化氮可使人体血管平滑肌舒张,降低血压,清除血管壁上沉积物被,防止动脉粥样硬化。
树莓粉:树莓果实多浆,味酸甜,果实中富含维生素C、原花青素、阿魏酸、咖啡酸、槲皮素、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、氨基酸、鞣花酸等功能成分。
纳豆粉:纳豆是一种将大豆进行发酵得到的发酵豆,纳豆发酵过程中产生的纳豆激酶具有良好的抗血栓功能,研究表明纳豆对治疗高脂血症效果明显。
发芽糙米:发芽糙米的实质是在一定的生理活性化工艺条件下,其所含有的大量酶如淀粉酶、蛋白酶、植酸酶等被激活和释放,发芽糙米产生的γ-氨基丁酸具有活化脑血流、增强脑细胞代谢、降血压、抗惊厥、促进长期记忆,改善肝、肾功能、缓解动脉硬化、减少中性脂肪、防止肥胖等功能并从结合态转化为游离态的酶解过程具有降低血中脂质浓度、预防高血脂和动脉硬化等功效。
薏仁:薏米营养成分齐全,含有蛋白质 15.5%左右,膳食纤维含量在 17.4%左右,氨基酸 18 种,还含有多种维生素、矿物质和不饱和脂肪酸等。薏米中还含有薏米多糖,多糖是通过糖苷键连接成的一种生物大分子。多糖类具有保护谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,调节免疫、降血脂、降血糖、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性。
小米:小米营养丰富,蛋白质的含量比大米、玉米高;还含有丰富的维生素,小米中含有大量的膳食纤维, 是大米的2.5倍。膳食纤维虽然不能被人体消化吸收,但却是人体中必不可少的碳水化合物,它能够刺激胃肠道的蠕动,促进消化,减少肠黏膜和粪便接触时间,预防消化道疾病;它还可以与饱和脂肪酸结合,阻止血浆中胆固醇的形成,预防动脉硬化;高膳食纤维还可以降低糖尿病人的血糖含量。小米中还含有蛋氨酸,蛋氨酸有防止脂肪肝生成和降低胆固醇的作用。
本发明将具有降脂和抗血栓形成等功效的食品原料复配,改变单一以蛋白质、脂肪等营养素复配加工而成的特种医学配方食品的方法,以特定天然原料加工成适应于中国人肠胃的代餐粉。
本发明之降脂酵素代餐粉,能作为降脂的代餐饮食,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量≧210.2mg/100g;总黄酮含量≧947.2mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状食用安全。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯0.6kg、蔗糖酯0.45kg和硬脂酸钠0.15kg混合,加入75℃的纯净水12kg,搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油 50kg,葡萄籽油40kg和南瓜籽油10kg混合,得混合油,将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为55℃,形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉12.5kg、蓝莓粉5kg、树莓粉5kg和低聚异麦芽糖2.5kg乳化,乳化温度75℃, 乳化时间15min , 乳化剪切机转速9000r/min,得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在25MPa均质 3次,得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5 h ,而后在 1 h内降温至 70℃ ,恒温 1 h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(3)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米62.5kg、小米50kg、薏仁12.5kg混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经60 目筛分,得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为18%,然后经过DS30 -Ⅱ型双螺杆膨化机挤压膨化处理,膨化温度170℃、螺杆转速120r /min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度100目,即得。
本实施例之降脂酵素代餐粉,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量243.5mg/100g;总黄酮含量978.5mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状,食用安全。
实施例2
本实施例包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯0.72kg、蔗糖酯0.72kg和硬脂酸钠0.24kg混合,加入75℃纯净水18kg, 搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油 60kg、葡萄籽油50kg和南瓜籽油10kg混合, 得混合油,将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为50℃,形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉30kg、蓝莓粉15kg、树莓粉10kg和低聚异麦芽糖5kg乳化,乳化温度70℃,乳化时间10分钟, 乳化剪切机转速10000r/min,得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在35 MPa均质 2 次,得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5h ,而后在 1 h内降温至 70℃ ,恒温 1h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(3)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米93.75kg、小米37.5kg、薏仁18.75kg混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经80 目筛分,得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为18%,然后经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度180℃、螺杆转速180r /min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度120目,即得。
本实施例之降脂酵素代餐粉,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量265.6mg/100g;总黄酮含量1089.4mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状,食用安全。
实施例3
本实施例包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯1.1kg、蔗糖酯0.44kg和硬脂酸钠0.22kg混合,加入75℃纯净水18kg,搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油 50kg、葡萄籽油50kg和南瓜籽油10kg混合,得混合油,将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为60℃,形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉12kg、蓝莓粉4kg、树莓粉4kg和低聚异麦芽糖2kg乳化,乳化温度80℃,乳化时间20min , 乳化剪切机转速8000r/min,得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在35 MPa均质4 次,得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5 h ,而后在 1 h内降温至 70℃ ,恒温 1 h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(3)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米72kg、小米48kg、薏仁12kg混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经60目筛分,得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为20%,然后经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度180℃、螺杆转速180r/min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度120目,即得。
本实施例之降脂酵素代餐粉,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量252.8mg/100g;总黄酮含量1069.7mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状,食用安全。
实施例4
本实施例包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯0.96kg、蔗糖酯0.48kg和硬脂酸钠0.24kg混合,加入85℃纯净水18kg,搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油 60kg,葡萄籽油40kg和南瓜籽油20kg混合,得混合油,将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为55℃,形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉50kg、蓝莓粉30kg、树莓粉30kg和低聚异麦芽糖10kg乳化,乳化温度75℃,乳化时间15min ,乳化剪切机转速9000r/min,得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在30 MPa 均质 4 次,得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5 h ,而后在 1 h内降温至 70℃ ,恒温 1 h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(2)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米150kg、小米60kg、薏仁30kg混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经80 目筛分得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为18%,然后经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度170℃、螺杆转速180r /min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度100目,即得。
本实施例之降脂酵素代餐粉,外观呈淡黄色颗粒状,形态疏松,无结块;总生物碱含量256.4mg/100g;总黄酮含量1014.6mg/100g。在70℃以上热水中可迅速溶解分散,呈乳白色均匀米糊状,食用安全。
Claims (7)
1.一种降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)混配油料乳化:将聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠按照重量比3-5:2-4:1混合,并加入相当于聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠总重量8-12倍的75℃-85℃的纯净水,搅拌均匀、溶解,得混合物Ⅰ;将鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油按重量比4-6:3-5:1-2混合,得混合油,聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠的总重量为鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油总重量的1.2%-1.6%,将混合物Ⅰ与混合油混合,得混合物Ⅱ;控制混合物Ⅱ的油温为50℃—60℃,形成混合油芯浆,加入纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉混合料乳化,纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉重量比为4-6:2-4:2-4:1,鱼油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油总重量与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉、低聚异麦芽糖粉总重量之比为3-5:1-3; 乳化温度70℃-80℃, 乳化时间10-20min , 乳化剪切机转速8000r/min-10000r/min,得乳化油浆;将乳化油浆在25MPa -35 MPa 均质 2-4次,得均质乳化油浆;
(2)冷冻升华干燥:将均质乳化油浆平铺在装料盘中,放至- 32℃至-40℃的低温冷冻柜中冷冻,将冷冻好的装料盘由低温冷冻柜中转至干燥仓,干燥仓真空度控制在66.7Pa以下;
温度的设定程序为: 在 1.5 h 内升温至 80℃ ,恒温5-6 h ,而后在 1 h内降温至70 ℃ ,恒温 1-2 h,又在 1 h内降温至 60 ℃后自动关闭加热器 ,自然冷却至室温,得油料粉;
(3)混配谷物料混合过筛:将烘干后的发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料按重量比:4-6:2-4:1混合,并加入超微振动研磨机内粉碎处理,经60-80 目筛分,得混合粉;
(4)挤压膨化:将步骤(2)所得油料粉与步骤(3)所得混合粉混合,使得鱼油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油总重量与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉、低聚异麦芽糖粉总重量与发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料总重量之比是:3-5:1-3:4-6,得混合油料粉;控制混合油料粉水分质量含量为16-20%,然后经过挤压膨化处理,膨化温度160-180℃、螺杆转速120-180r /min;将膨化后的物料粉碎至平均粒度100目-120目,即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,聚甘油酯、蔗糖酯和硬脂酸钠按照重量比4:3:1混合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,鱼油、葡萄籽油和南瓜籽油按重量比5:4:1混合。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉和低聚异麦芽糖粉重量比为5:3:3:1。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,烘干后的发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料按重量比5:2:1混合。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,鱼油、葡萄籽油、南瓜籽油总重量与纳豆粉、蓝莓粉、树莓粉、低聚异麦芽糖粉总重量与发芽糙米、小米、薏仁混配物料总重量之比是4:2:5。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的降脂代餐粉的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,膨化温度170℃、螺杆转速160r /min。
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