CN103719998B - 一种谷物杂粮冲剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种谷物杂粮冲剂及其制备方法，该冲剂主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：荞麦粉100份，薏米粉50-150份，山药粉50-150份，黑豆粉20-60份，陈皮30-50份，植物油20-40份、花生10-20份，核桃5-10份。通过本发明的方法进行深加工，其所含的各种营养成分相互协同作用，不仅具有健脾化痰，平肝潜阳，清热解渴，去火养胃，护肝提元气的作用，同时可以预防心血管疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种谷物杂粮食品，尤其涉及一种便于食用的谷物杂粮冲剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
谷物杂粮是指除稻米和小麦以外的其他粮食，是小品种谷物、小品种豆类和薯类的总称。主要有荞麦、燕麦、大麦、筱麦、糜黍、小米、玉米、糯玉米、蚕豆、豌豆、绿豆、黑豆、芸豆、红小豆等。我国是一个农业大国，杂粮资源十分丰富，是世界上最大的“杂粮王国”。杂粮种植历史悠久，品种繁多，分布广泛。
杂粮是公认的无公害天然绿色食品，具有特殊的食疗食补作用，在现代安全保健食品中具有重要地位。杂粮中的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质、纤维素等营养成分符合人体摄入的最合理比例，具有丰富的营养价值。传统中医认为“粗茶淡饭，有益健康”。《黄帝内经》指出：“五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充，气味合而服之，以补精益气。”认为饮食要做到身体健康所需营养的全面供应，才能强体健身，延年益寿。国际卫生组织和老人协会曾对长寿老人的饮食习惯作过调查，发现他们中有50%以上常吃杂粮，不少老人更是将杂粮和素食当作秘方。然而，由于五谷杂粮口感粗糙，且不易消化吸收，尤其采用常规方法制作食用，很难引起年轻人的食欲。因此，为了维持人们对五谷杂粮的依存性，从而达到维持人们膳食营养平衡的目的，有必要对五谷杂粮进行深加工。
市场上谷物果蔬类粉状冲调产品种类繁多且数量大，如黑芝麻粉、核桃粉、豆奶粉等等，其特点为用开水一冲即可食用，符合现代人生活节奏快、需要省时的需求。然而，由于上市的冲调产品大多以一种或两种原料制成，因此保健功能较为单一。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于通过大量试验进行配方和工艺研究，提供一种冲调特性佳、保健功能较全的谷物杂粮冲剂及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种谷物杂粮冲剂，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：荞麦粉100份，薏米粉50-150份，山药粉50-150份，黑豆粉20-60份，陈皮30-50份，植物油20-40份、花生10-20份，核桃5-10份。
优选地，如上所述的谷物杂粮冲剂由如下重量份的原料制备而成：荞麦粉100份，薏米粉100份，山药粉100份，黑豆粉50份，陈皮40份，植物油30份、花生15份，核桃10份。
进一步优选地，如上所述的谷物杂粮冲剂，其中所述的荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉的粒径为100-160目，所述的花生和核桃的粒径为10-20目。
进一步优选地，如上所述的谷物杂粮冲剂，其中所述的植物油是食用的菜籽油或/和玉米油。
进一步优选地，如上所述的谷物杂粮冲剂中还含有调味剂。
一种上述谷物杂粮冲剂的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将陈皮加水煎煮2-3次，合并煎液，过滤，得陈皮水提液；
（2）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，拌入步骤（1）的陈皮水提液，充分拌匀，再拌入冷却至室温的熟植物油，将拌匀的粉料放入蒸箱内，在65-70℃的温度下蒸1.5-2h至熟化，将蒸熟的粉料放入80-85℃的烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过100-160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（3）将花生去红皮，放置烘炒机中炒熟，粉碎至粒径为10-20目的小粒，备用；将核桃油炸至酥，粉碎至粒径为100-160目的细粉，备用；
（4）取步骤（2）制备的杂粮粉和步骤（3）制备的花生仁粒、核桃粉，混匀，加入或不加入调味剂，包装成成品。
由于采用本发明的工艺制备的谷物杂粮冲剂原料已经加工至熟，因此人们可以将上述谷物杂粮冲剂直接用开水冲开食用。采用开水冲服时，本发明谷物杂粮冲剂可以实现快速分散，并在搅拌中形成糊状，完全不结块。
从中医养生保健角度讲，本发明采用的原料具有多种生理活性，具体体现如下：
荞麦性凉，味甘，具有健胃、消积、止汗之功效，能有效辅助治疗胃痛胃胀、消化不良、食欲不振、肠胃积滞、慢性泄泻等病症。荞麦富含丰富的蛋白质、B族维生素、芦丁类强化血管物质、矿物营养素和丰富的膳食纤维等，能帮助人体代谢葡萄糖，是防治糖尿病的天然食品；另外，荞麦中所含的食物纤维是人们常吃主食品面和米的八倍之多，具有良好的预防便秘作用，经常食用对预防大肠癌和肥胖症有益。
薏米性味甘淡微寒，健脾而清肺，利水而益胃，补中有清，以去湿浊见长。薏仁又是一种美容食品，常食可以保持人体皮肤光泽细腻，消除粉刺、斑雀、老年斑、妊娠斑、蝴蝶斑，对脱屑、痤疮、皲裂、皮肤粗糙等都有良好疗效。薏米虽然具有很多营养，也具有很多保健功能，但是薏米烧煮比较耗时，比较难煮熟，由于煮制费时，阻碍了普通工薪族对薏米的摄取。
山药有“神仙之食”的美名。中医认为山药有补肾健脾的作用，是食疗中的佳品。中医认为肾是先天之本，负责遗传和生育的；而脾是后天之本，负责消化吸收，是人体营养来源的保障。山药先、后天都补，这是食疗中较为少见的，所以说山药是“神仙之食”。
黑豆为豆科植物大豆Glycinemax(L.)merr的黑色种子，黑豆性平、味甘；归脾、肾经；具有消肿下气、润肺燥热、活血利水、祛风除痹、补血安神、明目健脾、补肾益阴、解毒的作用；用于水肿胀满、风毒脚气、黄疸浮肿、风痹痉挛、产后风疼、口噤、痈肿疮毒，可解药毒，制风热而止盗汗，乌发黑发以及延年益寿的功能。
陈皮有三大类作用，一是导胸中寒邪，二破滞气，三益脾胃。这三大作用中，主要作用是行脾胃之气。脾胃主运化水湿，故脾胃之气行则能去湿、健脾、化痰，故又可以说，陈皮温能养脾，辛能醒脾，苦能健脾。由于陈皮主行脾胃之气，脾胃地处中焦，中焦之气通行，使三焦之气也随之涌动。三焦为决渎之官，通行水液，与湿相伴；又为藏府之外府，上及心、肺，下及肝、肾。所以陈皮的作用可宽及所有藏府，遍及全身之湿。从肺而言，则辛散肺气，苦泄肺气，温化寒气，能治痰多咳喘，气壅食停；从心而言，则辛开心气，苦泄心火，温化湿浊，能治胸中烦热，口气哕臭；从肝而言，则辛散肝郁，苦降肝火，温化寒湿，所以它能治肝郁有热，饮停食滞；从肾而言，则辛润肾燥，苦泄肾湿，温和肾气，所以它能治命火不足，饮食不化。
与现有技术相比，本发明涉及的谷物杂粮冲剂及其制备方法具有如下优点和显著的进步：
（1）本发明筛选了特定种类的五谷杂粮和陈皮水提液作为原料，通过本发明的方法进行深加工，其所含的各种营养成分相互协同作用，不仅具有健脾化痰，平肝潜阳，清热解渴，去火养胃，护肝提元气的作用，同时可以预防心血管疾病，如高血压、高血糖、高血脂、冠心病、动脉硬化等等。
（2）本发明将陈皮水提液拌入杂粮粉中，既引入了陈皮的养脾健胃之功，同时可以起到防腐的作用，延长了杂粮粉的保质期。
（3）本发明在蒸制杂粮粉之前拌入熟化的植物油，由于表面张力的作用植物油附于杂粮粉的表面，在蒸制过程中避免了高温破坏活性成分损失的问题，同时植物油也能促进杂粮粉的分散和冲调。
（4）本发明制备的谷物杂粮冲剂的冲调性好，通过试验检测后发现，其在开水冲开后不搅拌的情况下，结块物长度不超过5mm，结块率不高于10%。如果加以搅拌，本发明谷物杂粮冲剂可以实现快速分散，并在搅拌中形成糊状，完全不结块。
（5）本发明的谷物杂粮冲剂可随身携带，随时随地冲服食用，因含有坚果颗粒，香气浓郁，配合杂粮粉糊润滑细腻的口感，能增加人们的食欲。
（6）本发明的配方不仅可发挥组分的各自功效，又可体现上述组分的协同功效，强化了预防心血管疾病以及健胃的功效、利于人们接受、且促进了有效成分的吸收。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。本发明的实施例仅仅是用于说明本发明，而不是对本发明的限制，在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1-3
表1 各实施例营养保健谷物杂粮冲剂的配方组成（kg）
| 原料 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 |
| 荞麦粉 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 薏米粉 | 50 | 80 | 150 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 山药粉 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| 黑豆粉 | 40 | 60 | 40 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| 干陈皮 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 40 | / | 40 | / |
| 菜籽油 | 30 | 30 | 40 | 30 | / | / | / |
| 花生仁 | 15 | 15 | 20 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 |
| 核桃仁 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
实施例1-3制备工艺：
（1）将干燥的陈皮置多功能提取灌中加水煎煮二次，第一次加10倍量的水，煎煮2h，取煎液，第二次加总药材8倍量的水，煎煮2h，取两次煎液合并，滤过，浓缩至90℃时相对密度为1.10的浓缩液，得陈皮水提液；
（2）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，拌入步骤（1）的陈皮水提液，充分拌匀，再拌入冷却至室温的熟化菜籽油，将拌匀的粉料放入蒸箱内，在70℃的温度下蒸1.5-2h至熟化，将蒸熟的粉料放入80℃的烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（3）将花生去红皮，放置烘炒机中炒熟，粉碎至粒径为20目的小粒，备用；将核桃油炸至酥，粉碎至粒径为160目的细粉，备用；
（4）取步骤（2）制备的杂粮粉和步骤（3）制备的花生仁粒、核桃粉，混匀，与调味包一起包装成成品。调味包可以是压缩蔬菜包、压缩水果包、油包、盐包或其它调味包。
对比例1制备工艺：
（1）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，放入蒸箱内，在70℃的温度下蒸1.2-8h至熟化，将蒸熟的粉料放入80℃的烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（2）、（3）步骤同实施例1-3的步骤（3）、（4）工艺。
对比例2制备工艺：
（1）陈皮水提液的提取步骤参见实施例1-3工艺；
（2）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，拌入步骤（1）的陈皮水提液，充分拌匀，将拌匀的粉料放入蒸箱内，在70℃的温度下蒸1.5-2h至熟化，将蒸熟的粉料放入80℃的烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（3）后续步骤同实施例1-3的步骤（3）、（4）工艺。
对比例3制备工艺：
（1）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，放置烘炒机中炒制，加热至160℃左右炒制0.5-1.0h至熟化，冷却，过160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（2）、（3）步骤同实施例1-3的步骤（3）、（4）工艺。
实施例5 杂粮粉结块率的测定
分别取实施例1-4和对比例1-3制备的杂粮粉样品50g于烧杯中，加80℃开水400ml，不搅拌，然后静置10min，观察表面结块、分层现象；取一小块20目筛网，对每个处理进行过滤，用清水冲洗结块物，沥干，带筛网称重，然后减去筛网重即为结块物的重量，并计算结块率。
根据表2的试验结果可以看出，在不搅拌的情况下，本发明制备的杂粮粉的结块物长度不超过5mm，结块率不高于10%。
表2 各种杂粮粉的结块物长度和结块率
| 组别 | 结块物长度（mm） | 结块率（%） |
| 实施例1 | 2-5 | 9.1 |
| 实施例2 | 1-3 | 6.7 |
| 实施例3 | 3-5 | 8.5 |
| 实施例4 | 1-2 | 4.5 |
| 对比例1 | 8-13 | 39.6 |
| 对比例2 | 8-12 | 35.0 |
| 对比例3 | 9-16 | 57.4 |
Claims (3)
1.一种谷物杂粮冲剂，主要由如下重量份的原料制备而成：荞麦粉100份，薏米粉50-150份，山药粉50-150份，黑豆粉20-60份，陈皮30-50份，植物油20-40份、花生10-20份，核桃5-10份；
所述谷物杂粮冲剂的制备方法包括如下步骤：
（1）将陈皮加水煎煮2-3次，合并煎液，过滤，得陈皮水提液；
（2）将荞麦粉、薏米粉、山药粉和黑豆粉混合均匀，拌入步骤（1）的陈皮水提液，充分拌匀，再拌入冷却至室温的熟植物油，将拌匀的粉料放入蒸箱内，在65-70℃的温度下蒸1.5-2h至熟化，将蒸熟的粉料放入80-85℃的烘箱中烘干，粉碎，过100-160目筛，得杂粮粉，备用；
（3）将花生去红皮，放置烘炒机中炒熟，粉碎至粒径为10-20目的小粒，备用；将核桃油炸至酥，粉碎至粒径为100-160目的细粉，备用；
（4）取步骤（2）制备的杂粮粉和步骤（3）制备的花生仁粒、核桃粉，混匀，加入或不加入调味剂，包装成成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的谷物杂粮冲剂，其特征在于：所述的谷物杂粮冲剂由如下重量份的原料制备而成：荞麦粉100份，薏米粉100份，山药粉100份，黑豆粉50份，陈皮40份，植物油30份、花生15份，核桃10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的谷物杂粮冲剂，其特征在于：所述的植物油是食用的菜籽油或/和玉米油。
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