CN108402391A - 一种燕麦粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/104—Fermentation of farinaceous cereal or cereal material; Addition of enzymes or microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Abstract
一种燕麦粉及其制备方法,由裸燕麦经以下步骤制得,将裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%~1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12~24 h,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌;将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%~1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26~32℃温度下发酵3.5~4d;将发酵后的燕麦在45~65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉;所述冠突散囊菌发酵剂为燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌后,趁热摇散冷却,接入冠突散囊菌,在26~32℃温度下培养5d后制得;所述冠突散囊菌为从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂的茯砖茶中分离得到的菌种。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及燕麦粉加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种具有保健功能的燕麦粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
燕麦是禾本科一年生草本植物,为谷类的一种,主要利用的部分是成熟的种子以及绿色顶穗。最先是用来当作军马的饲料用,也有人用来餵鸽子。
近年来,人类发现燕麦中含有丰富的营养素,如维生素、蛋白质、微量元素、纤维素等。燕麦含有丰富的纤维素以及维他命B群,能够帮助身体消化吸收功能的正常运作。而维他命B群还可以帮助解压,所以对生活步调快,且常常处于紧张状态的现代上班族来说,燕麦是一种兼顾营养又不至于发胖的健康食品。在市面上有许多燕麦产品可以看到,例如燕麦片、麦精片、燕麦速食粥、燕麦面包及馒头、燕麦茶等。
对燕麦的营养成分进行改良,使其能生产功能性食品,必然会受到市场的青睐,对满足人们的健康需求和美好生活的追求具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种燕麦粉及其制备方法,该燕麦粉具有预防心脑血管疾病及白细胞减少,能起到健美和保护皮肤等功能作用。
为了解决上述技术问题,根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供一种燕麦粉,由裸燕麦经以下步骤制得,
1)将裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%~1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12~24 h,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%~1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26~32℃温度下发酵3.5~4d;将发酵后的燕麦在45~65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉;
所述冠突散囊菌发酵剂为燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌后,趁热摇散冷却,接入冠突散囊菌,在26~32℃温度下培养5d后制得;所述冠突散囊菌为从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂的茯砖茶中分离得到的菌种。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,本发明提供的燕麦粉,所述乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,本发明提供的燕麦粉,所述冠突散囊菌为采用稀释平板法分离,经优选继代3~4次后获得的冠突散囊菌。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供一种燕麦粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%~1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12~24 h,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%~1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26~32℃温度下发酵3.5~4d;将发酵后的燕麦在45~65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉;
所述冠突散囊菌发酵剂为燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌后,趁热摇散冷却,接入冠突散囊菌,在26~32℃温度下培养5d后制得;所述冠突散囊菌为从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂的茯砖茶中分离得到的菌种。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,本发明提供的燕麦粉的制备方法,所述乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,本发明提供的燕麦粉的制备方法,所述冠突散囊菌为采用稀释平板法分离,经优选继代3~4次后获得的冠突散囊菌。
本发明提供的生产方法及制得的产品具有以下有益效果:
燕麦一直以高营养的五谷杂粮著称,主要成分是淀粉,在燕麦籽粒中含量高达 50%-65%,与其他谷物相比,燕麦富含多种营养成分,燕麦蛋白的氨基酸平衡性较其它谷物好,限制性氨基酸含量较高,含有人体必需的 8 种氨基酸,是营养学家嘴里的“全价营养食品”,具有很好的营养价值。燕麦脂肪含量在3.4%~9.7%,而且脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量为80%左右;蛋白质含量在11.3%~19.9%,膳食纤维含量在粮食作物中居首位,可有效促进人体生长发育。近年来国内外研究已经证明燕麦具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖,抗氧化、延缓衰老,预防动脉硬化、预防结肠、直肠癌等多种功效,这都与其含量丰富的功能性生物活性物质有关。燕麦中含有丰富的天然抗氧化成分,包括多种具有抗氧化作用的活性成分,如多酚类物质、燕麦恩酰胺、黄酮类化合物和维生素 E 等,其中多酚类中含量最多的是阿魏酸、对香豆酸和儿茶酚,大多数以结合态存于燕麦籽粒中。
冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum)俗称“金花”, 属于散囊菌目发菌科散囊菌属的一种真菌,属有益菌,是茯砖茶在“发花”过程中的优势菌种,且能吸收茶中的营养成分,经生物酶转化产生有益成分。冠突散囊菌符合食品安全标准,没有毒副作用,其菌丝体含有15种氨基酸,能够满足人体必需氨基酸的需求,利用冠突散囊菌对不同的培养基质进行发酵,发现冠突散囊菌的次生代谢产物含有降脂类物质洛伐他汀,这种物质对高血压、高血脂、肥胖等富贵病有一定的治疗效果,此外,在清除自由基方面也存在一定的作用。
本产品采用燕麦和冠突散囊菌经发酵后制得,发酵后阿魏酸含量显著提高。阿魏酸的主要功能有:抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血小板凝集和血栓、清除亚硝酸盐和过氧亚硝基、清除氧自由基和良好的抗氧化作用、抗菌消炎作用、抗肿瘤和预防突变作用、增强免疫功能、提高男性生殖能力,包括提高精子活动能力和运动性、降脂和防治冠心病、刺激激素分泌、抗过敏作用、对肝脏和肾脏的保护作用、对内皮素-1拮抗作用(被有些学者称为新的内皮素拮抗剂)等。除此之外,阿魏酸还有一定的美容防晒作用。阿魏酸能够有效地吸收290~330nm波长范围的紫外线,预防或减少此波长紫外线对皮肤的损伤。
本发明提供的技术方案,通过把冠突散囊菌接种到燕麦上进行固体发酵,获得的冠突散囊菌发酵产物,制得的燕麦粉。多种组分协同,使产品具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖,抗氧化、延缓衰老,预防动脉硬化、预防结肠、直肠癌等多种功效;对高血压、高血脂、肥胖等富贵病有一定的治疗效果;在抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血小板凝集和血栓、清除亚硝酸盐、过氧亚硝基和氧自由基,抗菌消炎,抗肿瘤和预防突变等方面具有作用;在增强免疫功能、提高男性生殖能力、降脂和防治冠心病、刺激激素分泌、抗过敏等具有作用。
具体实施方式
实施例用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂生产的茯砖茶中分离冠突散囊菌:取茯砖茶25g,放置在有玻璃珠的225mL无菌水中,充分振荡,使其分散,采用稀释平板法分离冠突散囊菌。具体操作为:将样品分散液分别稀释102、103、104倍后取1ml混合于察氏培养基平板中,在28℃恒温环境下培养至长出单个菌落。观察单个菌落特征和个体形态,符合冠突散囊菌的菌落转接至斜面培养基上,培养4d后保存。在超净工作台下选取长势较好的冠突散囊菌,用接种环挑出少许菌体,于新鲜PDA固体培养基平板上划线,然后在28℃恒温环境下培养,4d后观察其个体形态,将符合冠突散囊菌的单个菌落转接于马铃薯斜面培养基上,在28℃恒温环境下培养。这样反复继代3~4次。将获得的纯化冠突散囊菌菌株记录编号并存放于4℃冰箱中备用。
实施例1
将燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min,趁热摇散冷却,接入上述保存于马铃薯斜面培养基中的冠突散囊菌,置入培养箱在26℃温度下培养5d后制得冠突散囊菌发酵剂;
1)将去杂去劣的裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡24 h,乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在32℃温度下培养3.5~4d,进行发酵;将发酵后的燕麦在45℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉。
实施例2
将燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min,趁热摇散冷却,接入上述保存于马铃薯斜面培养基中的冠突散囊菌,置入培养箱在32℃温度下培养5d后制得冠突散囊菌发酵剂;
1)将去杂去劣的裸燕麦,在含量为1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12 h,乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26℃温度下培养3.5~4d,进行发酵;将发酵后的燕麦在65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉。
实施例3
将燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min,趁热摇散冷却,接入上述保存于马铃薯斜面培养基中的冠突散囊菌,置培养箱在28℃温度下培养5d后制得冠突散囊菌发酵剂;
1)将去杂去劣的裸燕麦,在含量为1wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡18 h,乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌,灭菌时间不低于25min;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.8wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在28℃温度下培养3.5~4d,进行发酵;将发酵后的燕麦在55℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉。
将实施例1~3所得的产品和用处理前的裸燕麦制成的裸燕麦粉,采用高效液相色谱法进行阿魏酸含量的测试。测试时分别称取10g实施例1~3所得的产品和用处理前的裸燕麦制成的裸燕麦粉,分别加入100mL60%(v/v)乙醇水溶液,在60℃温度下浸提6h,于4℃下以转速10000r/min离心10min,上清液用0.22μm膜过滤,滤液放入进样瓶,置入冰箱中避光保存备用。滤液进入高效液相色谱仪进行色谱分离,用紫外吸收检测器,于波长314nm处检测阿魏酸的吸收值,计算出其含量。色谱条件:流动相为甲醇28体积份、1wt%冰醋酸72体积份的混合液(1wt%冰醋酸为醋酸水溶液),波长314 nm,流速1.0mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温30℃。测试中其它步骤方法和阿魏酸含量计算按高效液相色谱法的相关规定或要求进行。
测定结果如下:
项目 | 燕麦中阿魏酸含量(μg/g) |
裸燕麦粉 | 193.31 |
实施例1产品 | 791.56 |
实施例2产品 | 800.24 |
实施例3产品 | 834.02 |
试验结果表明实施例1~3所得产品阿魏酸含量与未发酵裸燕麦粉相比显著提高。
本产品采用燕麦和冠突散囊菌,经发酵后阿魏酸含量显著提高。阿魏酸的主要功能有:抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血小板凝集和血栓、清除亚硝酸盐和过氧亚硝基、清除氧自由基和良好的抗氧化作用、抗菌消炎作用、抗肿瘤和预防突变作用、增强免疫功能、提高男性生殖能力,包括提高精子活动能力和运动性、降脂和防治冠心病、刺激激素分泌、抗过敏作用、对肝脏和肾脏的保护作用、对内皮素-1拮抗作用(被有些学者称为新的内皮素拮抗剂)等。除此之外,阿魏酸还有一定的美容防晒作用。阿魏酸能够有效吸收290~330nm波长范围的紫外线,预防或减少此波长紫外线对皮肤的损伤。
本发明提供的技术方案,通过把冠突散囊菌接种到燕麦上进行固体发酵,获得的冠突散囊菌发酵产物,制得的燕麦粉。多种组分协同,使产品具有降血压、降血脂、降血糖,抗氧化、延缓衰老,预防动脉硬化、预防结肠、直肠癌等多种功效;对高血压、高血脂、肥胖等富贵病有一定的治疗效果;在抗动脉粥样硬化,抗血小板凝集和血栓,清除亚硝酸盐、过氧亚硝基、和氧自由基,抗菌消炎、抗肿瘤和预防突变等方面具有作用;具有增强免疫功能、提高男性生殖能力、降脂和防治冠心病、刺激激素分泌、抗过敏等作用。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明权利要求的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种燕麦粉,其特征在于,由裸燕麦经以下步骤制得,
1)将裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%~1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12~24 h,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%~1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26~32℃温度下发酵3.5~4d;将发酵后的燕麦在45~65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉;
所述冠突散囊菌发酵剂为燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌后,趁热摇散冷却,接入冠突散囊菌,在26~32℃温度下培养5d后制得;所述冠突散囊菌为从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂的茯砖茶中分离得到的菌种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦粉,其特征在于,所述乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燕麦粉,其特征在于,所述冠突散囊菌为采用稀释平板法分离,经优选继代3~4次后获得的冠突散囊菌。
4.一种燕麦粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将裸燕麦,在含量为0.5wt%~1.5wt%的乳酸水溶液中浸泡12~24 h,将水沥干后在121℃温度下灭菌;
2)将上步骤处理后的燕麦接入其质量0.5wt%~1wt%的冠突散囊菌发酵剂,混匀,在26~32℃温度下发酵3.5~4d;将发酵后的燕麦在45~65℃温度下烘干;粉碎,过40目筛,得到燕麦粉;
所述冠突散囊菌发酵剂为燕麦片与水按质量比1:1混合后,在121℃温度下灭菌后,趁热摇散冷却,接入冠突散囊菌,在26~32℃温度下培养5d后制得;所述冠突散囊菌为从湖南安化白沙溪茶厂的茯砖茶中分离得到的菌种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燕麦粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳酸水溶液的pH值为4~5。
6.根据权利要求4所述的燕麦粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冠突散囊菌为采用稀释平板法分离,经优选继代3~4次后获得的冠突散囊菌。
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CN105995475A (zh) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-10-12 | 桂林西麦生物技术开发有限公司 | 核桃燕麦粉及其生产方法 |
CN107095139A (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-08-29 | 黑龙江燕麦乡食品科技有限公司 | 有机燕麦营养粉的制作方法 |
CN107410863A (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 黑龙江燕麦乡食品科技有限公司 | 有机燕麦原浆的制作方法 |
CN107484549A (zh) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-12-19 | 南京林业大学 | 一种冠突散囊菌固态发酵银杏叶的方法及其应用 |
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CN109938131A (zh) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-06-28 | 湖南农业大学 | 一种甜荞燕麦茶及其生产方法 |
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