CN108246337B - 一种用于矿区废水修复的光催化小球及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于矿区废水修复的光催化小球及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于矿区废水修复的光催化小球及其制备方法,该光催化小球以海藻酸钠为载体,均匀负载构树生物炭和g‑C3N4,制备的具体步骤是:水浴下溶解海藻酸钠,加入构树生物炭和g‑C3N4得到混合液,使用注射器将所述混合液滴入到CaCl2溶液中,得到大小均匀的小球。该光催化小球材料易得、资源循环利用、无毒无害、利于回收。该材料能够较高效还原废水中的六价铬。本发明可用于矿区重金属废水的处理。
Description
技术领域
本发明是一种环境新材料,具体涉及一种用于矿区废水修复的光催化小球及其制备方法。
背景技术
铬矿渣含有大量的水溶性六价铬,能被地表水、雨水慢慢溶解,铬渣中的六价铬经雨淋溶于水中,渗入地下污染环境和水源,对农田、人类、农畜有很大的危害。就以对人体危害来说,六价铬是致癌物质,易导致肺癌。六价铬能夺取血中的氧,致使红细胞失去携氧机能,造成内窒息;就六价铬对植物生长影响来说,六价铬是可溶性的,易被植物吸收,因此六价铬能够影响植物生长和产量。现在处理水体中铬污染时,是将六价铬还原为三价铬再去除。六价铬还原为三价铬的主要方法有吸附法、化学还原法和光催化法等,光催化法具有操作简单,二次污染小等特点,已在还原六价铬的问题上有成熟应用案例。所以我们要选用一种合适的材料来光催化还原六价铬。经过实验,g-C3N4有良好的光催化还原效果。
g-C3N4的独特结构赋予其良好的光催化性能,在光催化领域有很大的研究价值。目前在光催化领域,g-C3N4主要用于催化污染物分解、有机合成及氧化还原等。光照下,g-C3N4价带电子激发至导带形成电子–空穴对,电子与氧气分子结合,并进一步与水分子反应,此过程中产生的电子可以还原六价铬。六价铬的还原产物三价铬在环境中也会产生污染,因此在光催化过程完成后需要将其从溶液中有效去除。
构树是落叶乔木,强阳性树种,适应性特强,抗逆性强,在矿区构树的生长情况较好而且数量较多,利用凋零构树叶做生物炭,可以资源循环利用,利用采摘的构树叶,可以使其更多的富集重金属,这种生物炭具有和活性炭相似的孔隙结构和表面化学性质,同样具有吸附还原性能以及降低生物有效性作用,当所述生物炭作为吸附剂应用到重金属处理领域,就可以很好的对三价铬进行去除。
此发明将海藻酸钠作为g-C3N4和锰矿区构树生物炭的载体,制作一种光催化小球,可以同时利用g-C3N4的光催化还原性能和锰矿区的构树所制成的生物炭的去除三价铬的性质,并且易于回收,重复利用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:开发一种简单易得易分离的可用于光催化还原矿区废水中的六价铬离子的光催化小球;以及一种操作简单可大量制备的光催化小球的制备方法;还提供一种上述小球应用于光催化还原矿区废水中六价铬离子的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种光催化小球,其特征在于,所述光催化小球包括海藻酸盐凝胶,所述凝胶上均匀负载对六价铬有可见光催化还原能力的g-C3N4和对三价铬有吸附能力的锰矿区构树生物炭。
作为一个总的技术构思,本发明提供一种用于矿山废水修复的光催化小球的制备方法,是将g-C3N4和构树生物炭负载在海藻酸盐凝胶中,制备的光催化剂易于固液分离和再利用,具体步骤如下:
(1)称量5~100g三聚氰胺于坩埚中,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇先后浸过药品,静置,弃去上清液,先不盖坩埚盖,置于马弗炉中,在20~100℃的温度下加热,待无水乙醇挥发完后,盖上盖子,在300~700℃的温度下煅烧1~10小时,将煅烧后的产品研磨成粉末状,过筛则制得g-C3N4;
(2)将构树叶洗净晒干,打磨成粉末,将所述粉末放置于刚玉舟中,然后将刚玉舟放入管式电炉的石英管中,管式电炉的两端密封并连接管道,一端与氮气罐连接,通入氮气,另一端收集和处理废气,管式电炉充入氮气排出空气,使热解过程处于缺氧或无氧条件;设置加热程序,使电炉按照5~10℃/min的升温速率,加热到目标温度200~1000℃,并保持1~5小时,热解过程结束后,电炉自然冷却至室温,取出即制得构树生物炭;
(3)将1~10g海藻酸钠在水浴加热的条件下溶于100~1000mL超纯水中,将1~30g步骤(1)所述的g-C3N4和2~60g步骤(2)所述的构树生物炭加入上述溶液中,搅拌均匀制得混合液,用注射器吸取所述混合液,将其滴加到质量浓度为1~10%的CaCl2溶液中,反应1~10小时,得到大小均匀的光催化小球。
本发明还提供一种上述的光催化小球应用于光催化还原矿区废水中六价铬离子的方法,包括以下步骤:将步骤(3)所得的光催化小球添加到体积为100~200mL的质量浓度为10~100mg/L的六价铬废水中,每100mL废水中的添加量以光催化小球湿重量计为1~10g,用盐酸调节pH值为2~6,加可见光照,加入磁力转子,磁力搅拌下反应4~10小时,用紫外分光光度法测定废水中六价铬的剩余量。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明的光催化小球,所用的构树生长量大,构树叶易得,三聚氰胺也是常用的化工药品,价格低廉,使用落叶和修剪后的树叶经济节约,无毒无害;
2、本发明的光催化小球在进行处理后回收分离方法简单,能够重复利用;
3、本发明的光催化小球制作方法简单,不需要大型机械设备以及人力物力,可大批量生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的光催化小球的数码照片;
图2是本发明实施例1的光催化小球的扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1:
(1)称量20g三聚氰胺于坩埚中,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇先后浸过药品,静置,弃去上清液,先不盖坩埚盖,置于马弗炉中,在80℃的温度下加热,待无水乙醇挥发完后,盖上盖子,在600℃的温度下煅烧4小时,将煅烧后的产品研磨成粉末状,过筛则制得g-C3N4;
(2)将构树叶洗净晒干,打磨成粉末,将所述粉末放置于刚玉舟中,然后将刚玉舟放入管式电炉的石英管中,管式电炉的两端密封并连接管道,一端与氮气罐连接,通入氮气,另一端收集和处理废气,管式电炉充入氮气排出空气,使热解过程处于缺氧和无氧条件;设置加热程序,使电炉按照7℃/min的升温速率,加热到目标温度500℃,并保持2小时,热解过程结束后,电炉自然冷却至室温,取出即制得构树生物炭;
(3)将1.5g海藻酸钠在水浴加热的条件下溶于100mL超纯水中,将1g步骤(1)所述的g-C3N4和2g步骤(2)所述的构树生物炭加入上述溶液中,搅拌均匀制得混合液,用注射器吸取所述混合液,将其滴加到质量浓度为4%的CaCl2溶液中,反应4小时,得到大小均匀的光催化小球;
上述制得的光催化小球的数码相片如图1所示,其外观呈灰色,小球的粒径均匀,直径约为3mm;扫描电镜照片如图2所示,可看出g-C3N4大量分布在光催化小球上。
实施例2:
本发明的光催化小球用于光还原矿山废水中的六价铬离子,包括以下步骤:
将实施例1制得的光催化小球添加到体积为100mL的质量浓度为50mg/L的六价铬废水中,每100mL废水中的添加量以光催化小球湿重量计为4g,用盐酸调节pH值为2,加可见光照,加入磁力转子,磁力搅拌下反应4小时,在经过0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5、3、3.5、4小时时分别取样,用紫外分光光度法测定废水中六价铬的剩余量。计算六价铬的去除率如表1所示。
表1:不同接触时间下六价铬的去除率
时间/h | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 3 | 3.5 | 4 |
去除率(%) | 37.3 | 55.2 | 64.4 | 73.1 | 80.9 | 87.7 | 93.1 | 97.6 |
由表1可知,随着光催化小球与六价铬废水接触时间的增加,六价铬离子的去除率增大。
实施例3:
本发明的光催化小球用于光还原矿山废水中的六价铬离子,包括以下步骤:
将实施例1制得的光催化小球分别添加到两份体积为100mL初始浓度为50mg/L的六价铬废水中,该废水中还分别含有0.01mol/L的NaNO3、Na2SO4,每100mL废水中的添加量以光催化小球湿重量计为4g,用盐酸调节废水的pH值为2,加可见光照,加入磁力转子,磁力搅拌下反应4小时,用紫外分光光度法测定废水中六价铬的剩余量。计算六价铬的去除率如表2所示。
表2:其他离子对六价铬去除率的影响
其他离子 | 无 | NaNO<sub>3</sub> | Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> |
去除率 | 97.6 | 98.5 | 100 |
由表2可知,添加NaNO3、Na2SO4背景离子可提高六价铬离子的去除率,且添加Na2SO4处理后溶液中剩余的六价铬离子的量非常小以至于不能被检测。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,与本发明构思无实质性差异的各种工艺方案均在本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种光催化小球应用于光还原废水中六价铬离子的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将光催化小球添加到体积为100~200mL的质量浓度为10~100mg/L的六价铬废水中,每100mL废水中的添加量以光催化小球湿重量计为1~10g,用盐酸调节pH值为2~6,加可见光照,加入磁力转子,磁力搅拌下反应4~10小时,用紫外分光光度法测定废水中六价铬的剩余量;
所述光催化小球以海藻酸盐为载体,载体上均匀负载对六价铬有可见光催化还原能力的g-C3N4和对三价铬有吸附能力的锰矿区构树生物炭;
所述光催化小球的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称量5~100g三聚氰胺于坩埚中,用蒸馏水和无水乙醇先后浸过药品,静置,弃去上清液,先不盖坩埚盖,置于马弗炉中,在20~100℃的温度下加热,待无水乙醇挥发完后,盖上盖子,在300~700℃的温度下煅烧1~10小时,将煅烧后的产品研磨成粉末状,过筛则制得g-C3N4;
(2)将构树叶洗净晒干,打磨成粉末,将所述粉末放置于刚玉舟中,然后将刚玉舟放入管式电炉的石英管中,管式电炉的两端密封并连接管道,一端与氮气罐连接,通入氮气,另一端收集和处理废气,管式电炉充入氮气排出空气,使热解过程处于缺氧或无氧条件;设置加热程序,使电炉按照5~10℃/min的升温速率,加热到目标温度200~1000℃,并保持1~5小时,热解过程结束后,电炉自然冷却至室温,取出即制得构树生物炭;
(3)将1~10g海藻酸钠在水浴加热的条件下溶于100~1000mL超纯水中,将1~30g步骤(1)所述的g-C3N4和2~60g步骤(2)所述的构树生物炭加入上述溶液中,搅拌均匀制得混合液,用注射器吸取所述混合液,将其滴加到质量浓度为1~10%的CaCl2溶液中,反应1~10小时,得到大小均匀的光催化小球。
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