CN108185240B - 一种罗汉参复方饮料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种罗汉参复方饮料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108185240B CN108185240B CN201810064642.6A CN201810064642A CN108185240B CN 108185240 B CN108185240 B CN 108185240B CN 201810064642 A CN201810064642 A CN 201810064642A CN 108185240 B CN108185240 B CN 108185240B
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- ginseng
- arhat
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- momordica grosvenori
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Abstract
本发明提供一种罗汉参复方饮料及其制备方法,本发明罗汉参复方饮料,由罗汉参或罗汉参与罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜制备而成。制备方法是,将罗汉参切片单独或加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜一起隔水加热或蒸煮得原汁;调pH至酸性后进行絮凝,絮凝后离心取上清液,加入矫味剂、稳定剂经过高压均质、灭菌灌装即可。本发明罗汉参复方饮料营养成分丰富,具有清咽润喉、润肠通便、降血糖等功效,且低热无糖,适合糖尿病人服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健饮料技术领域,具体涉及到一种罗汉参复方饮料及其制备方法。
背景技术
罗汉参(Apios americana Medic.),又称美洲土栾儿,土栾儿,菜用土栾儿等,豆科,土栾儿属,为多年蔓生草本植物,块根呈圆球形或不规则长圆形,长3~8cm,表皮呈土黄色,上有断续的环状纹理,肉质洁白细嫩。现主产于山东单县。《中药大辞典》中对罗汉参(土圞儿)的记载为:“根含淀粉、生物碱。药性甘,微苦,平。主治功能为:清热解毒,化痰止咳。主治百日咳,感冒咳嗽,咽喉肿痛;外用治毒蛇咬伤,疮疡中毒。”《贵州民间药物》中的记载是“散积、理气、补脾。”《全国中草药汇编》中记载为“清热解毒,化痰止咳。主治百日咳,感冒咳嗽,咽喉肿痛。”
目前,市场上还未出现罗汉参饮料产品,但是罗汉参的药用价值和保健作用应当在多方向、广范围内被人们认知和使用。并且,市面上的大多数饮料都是由极少量的植物提取液与水勾兑,并添加香精、蔗糖等制得,其营养单一,保健效果更是缺乏,且不适合糖尿病患者服用。而随着生活水平的不断提高,消费者对于保健饮料的需求也在不断提高,市面上的普通饮料越来越无法满足现代消费者的需求。
发明名称为罗汉参养生茶及其生产方法(申请号200610069185.7)的专利申请中,公开了一款罗汉参速溶粉剂,将罗汉参磨成浆汁,喷雾干燥成速溶粉剂。但其中除罗汉参外还添加了香精、蔗糖、奶精,不足以称得上一款“低糖无糖的饮品”。且其中的有效保健成分仅为罗汉参自身成分,功效单一。
发明名称为一种罗汉参酵素原液的制备方法(申请号201610219794.X)的发明专利申请中公开了的罗汉参酵素原液的制备方法是,将罗汉参果磨碎成粘稠液体,加入蜂蜜、三种发酵菌进行发酵180天,得到罗汉参酵素原液。该方法可以改善罗汉参抗性淀粉的吸收利用。但是该方法,需要发酵周期太长,且发酵过程中或损失大量的有益营养成分。
因此,如何有效充分利用罗汉参的有益成分,开发营养价值更高、保健效果更好、制备工艺更简便的保健饮料是本领域技术人员所要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对上述前有技术的不足,本发明研发了由罗汉参及罗汉参与甘草、罗汉果、蜂蜜制备成的保健饮料,营养成分丰富,具有清咽润喉、润肠通便、降血糖等功效,且低热无糖,适合糖尿病人服用。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明一方面提供一种罗汉参复方饮料,每升饮料包括以下有效成分原料投入量:罗汉参80~120g。为进一步提升效果,本发明罗汉参复方饮料还可以包括罗汉果5~35g、甘草1~5g、蜂蜜10~50g。
优选地,每升饮料包括以下有效成分原料投入量:罗汉参100g、罗汉果20g、甘草3g、蜂蜜30g。
本发明罗汉参复方饮料中还包括矫味剂5~20g、酸度调节剂1~3g、稳定剂0.4~1.2g。
所述稳定剂为黄原胶和羧甲基纤维素钠按照1:1.4~3配比。
所述矫味剂为木糖醇、甜菊苷、山梨醇的一种或几种。
所述酸度调节剂为:柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸钠中的一种或几种。
本发明另一方面提供所述罗汉参复方饮料的制备方法,将罗汉参切片单独或加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜一起隔水加热或蒸煮得原汁;原汁调pH至酸性后进行絮凝,絮凝后离心取上清液,加入矫味剂、稳定剂经过高压均质、灭菌灌装即可。
具体步骤如下:
(1)前处理:取鲜罗汉参,洗净去皮后切成2-5毫米厚的罗汉参片。
(2)蒸煮:加入罗汉参质量4~6倍的纯净水,根据需要再加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜。一起隔水加热或蒸煮30~60分钟,得原汁。
(3)絮凝:取步骤(2)中得到的原汁,用酸度调节剂调pH至4.0~4.5后自然状态下絮凝10~30分钟。
(4)离心:将步骤(3)中絮凝后的原汁离心后取上清液,得复方汤汁。
(5)调配:向步骤(4)中得到的复方汤汁中加入矫味剂、稳定剂,不断搅拌至充分溶解。
(6)均质:将步骤(5)中的液体经过350~450bar高压均质20~60分钟后,70~90℃水浴排气。
(7)灌装:用巴氏灭菌法灭菌后热灌装密封后既得所述罗汉参复方保健饮料。
所述步骤(2)蒸煮后的原汁中固形物含量为2~3%。
所述步骤(4)离心处理的转速为5000~10000rpm。
所述步骤(7)巴氏灭菌法的灭菌温度为60~95℃,灭菌时间为20~40分钟;热灌装温度为80~90℃,且急速降温至5~15℃。
《中药大辞典》中对罗汉参(土圞儿、土栾儿)的记载为:“根含淀粉、生物碱。药性甘,微苦,平。主治功能为:清热解毒,化痰止咳。主治百日咳,感冒咳嗽,咽喉肿痛;外用治毒蛇咬伤,疮疡中毒。”《贵州民间药物》中的记载是“散积、理气、补脾。”《全国中草药汇编》中记载为“清热解毒,化痰止咳。主治百日咳,感冒咳嗽,咽喉肿痛。”
本发明复方饮料以罗汉参为主要原料,用罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜等作为辅助原料,将罗汉参中含有的膳食纤维中可溶性抗性淀粉、矿质元素等成分,与罗汉果、甘草等中药材科学配伍,具有更佳的清咽润喉的功效,且罗汉果的加入,使得饮料赋予了“回甘”的新颖特征。同时,饮料中含的多种益生元可以刺激肠内有益菌群的生长,是一款低热量的保健型新料。
本发明制备时,在原料的处理上,首先采用古法中罗汉参的切片处理,很好地将淀粉质的溶出率控制在8-12%,既保留了罗汉参的风味,又减轻了淀粉质后期处理的工艺负担。其次是隔水加热或蒸煮的处理方式,极为有效的防止了直接加热容易导致淀粉焦糊的生产工艺困难点。并且,加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜共同加热或蒸煮的制作工艺不仅完好的保留了罗汉参特有的风味和可溶性抗性淀粉、矿质元素等成分,还可以将罗汉果、甘草的有效成分充分提取出来。调酸后自然絮凝的方法简便易行。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、营养成分丰富
罗汉参中淀粉含量为16.12%,占干重的43.42%,而抗性淀粉占总淀粉的77.3%,罗汉参氨基酸含量达到543mg/100g,脯氨酸占氨基酸总量的26.4%,其次为精氨酸和组氨酸。罗汉参的宏量元素中,钾含量最高,为386.1mg/100g,可以作为补充钾的很好食源;罗汉果中的罗汉果苷有良好的镇咳功效,同时还有多种黄酮苷元,有良好的抗氧化功效;甘草中也富含多种甘草苷和黄酮类化合物——异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin)、异甘草苷(isoliquiritin)、甘草素(liquiritigenin)、甘草查耳酮A(licochalcone A)、光甘草定(glabridin)、甘草醇(glycyrol)等,以及起到抗炎和免提调节的甘草多糖、甘草酸等活性成分。本发明中的几种中药成分符合中药配伍的要求,且以互补的方式丰富了营养成分和活性成分的种类及含量。
2、具有清咽、降血糖、通便等等功效。
本发明配方中的罗汉果含有多种皂苷,其中罗汉果皂苷V具有良好的镇咳、祛痰及解痉作用。现有技术中表明罗汉参与蜂蜜配伍,隔水蒸制可治疗百日咳、咽喉肿痛;与鸡胆汁和蜂蜜配伍可治疗小儿感冒引起的咳嗽。本发明将罗汉参、罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜配伍,通过大鼠足趾肿胀实验,表明清咽功效显著。
另外,罗汉参中富含的抗性淀粉成分,本身具有较低的升糖指数,并且与蜂蜜搭配,起到润肠通便的作用。
3、制备工艺独特,良好的控制淀粉质的溶出率。
本发明中利用了古法切片后蒸制、过滤的工艺,与袁福君在“罗汉参养生茶及其生产方法”中将罗汉参进行磨浆、喷雾干燥的工艺相比,本发明中的工艺过滤了多余的纤维成分,让饮品具有入口柔的润滑感,同时不会使该饮品出现不稳定的沉淀,并且将淀粉溶出率控制在8~12%的范围内,有效调控了饮料的粘稠度和口感。
4、本发明制备工艺简单,成本更低。本发明工艺获得罗汉参饮料色泽鲜亮,且在保持罗汉参原汁原味的特点的同时,搭配蜂蜜和罗汉果,又赋予了天然的香甜气息,更加天然,安全。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和试验对本发明的技术方案及其所产生的技术效果做进一步的阐述,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,但不以任何方式对本发明加以限制,基于本发明所作的任何变换或替换,均属于本发明的保护范围。本发明所述方法如无特殊说明,均为本领域常规方法。
实施例1:
新鲜罗汉参250g,洗净去皮后切成2-3毫米厚的薄片,加1.3L水,放入容器,上屉蒸35分钟后,用网筛过滤掉罗汉参切片,得到1.2L原汁(其间有损耗)。向原汁中适量加入无水柠檬酸,直到pH降至4.16,随后在室温下静止10分钟,让原汁自然絮凝。经过8000rpm离心20分钟后取上清液,马上加入事先混合均匀的100g木糖醇、0.24g黄原胶,0.75g CMC,并不断搅拌,使所有添加剂均匀溶解。将调配好的罗汉参清汁用高压均质机在400bar(40MPa)下均质20分钟后,放入75℃水浴中排气30分钟。将调配好的饮料装入事先灭菌处理的180mL玻璃饮料瓶,隔水加热,微沸水浴30分钟后立刻封盖,并转移至50℃水中冷却,即得成品。
实施例2:
新鲜罗汉参250g,洗净去皮后切成2-4毫米厚的薄片,加1.3L水,同时加入罗汉果38g、甘草3g、蜂蜜30g,放入容器,上屉蒸35分钟后,用网筛过滤掉罗汉参切片和其他原料,得到1.2L原汁(其间有损耗)。向原汁中加入无水柠檬酸,直到pH降至4.25,随后在室温下静止15分钟,让原汁自然絮凝。经过8000rpm离心20分钟后取上清液,马上加入预先混合均匀的15g木糖醇、0.25g黄原胶,0.75g CMC,并不断搅拌,使所有添加剂均匀溶解。将调配好的罗汉参清汁用高压均质机在380bar(38MPa)下均质20分钟后,放入75℃水浴中排气30分钟。将调配好的饮料装入事先灭菌处理的180mL玻璃饮料瓶,隔水加热,微沸水浴30分钟后立刻封盖,并转移至50℃水中冷却,即得成品。
实施例3:
新鲜罗汉参500g,洗净去皮后切成2-3毫米厚的薄片,加2.6L水,同时加入罗汉果65g、甘草8g、蜂蜜55g,放入容器,上屉蒸45分钟后,用网筛过滤掉罗汉参切片和其他原料,得到2.5L原汁(其间有损耗)。向原汁中加入无水柠檬酸,直到pH降至4.2,随后在室温下静止20分钟,让原汁自然絮凝。经过8500rpm离心35分钟后取上清液,马上加入事先混合均匀的25g木糖醇、0.6g黄原胶,1.3g CMC,并不断搅拌,使所有添加剂均匀溶解。将调配好的罗汉参清汁用高压均质机在420bar(42MPa)下均质40分钟后,放入75℃水浴中排气40分钟。将调配好的饮料装入事先灭菌处理的180mL玻璃饮料瓶,隔水加热,微沸水浴30分钟后立刻封盖,并转移至50℃水中冷却,即得成品。
实施例4:
新鲜罗汉参1000g,洗净去皮后切成3-5毫米厚的薄片,加5.3L水,同时加入罗汉果120g、甘草16g、蜂蜜108g,放入容器,上屉蒸60分钟后,用网筛过滤掉罗汉参切片和其他原料,得到5.1L原汁(其间有损耗)。向原汁中加入苹果酸,直到pH降至4.5,随后在室温下静止30分钟,让原汁自然絮凝。经过9000rpm离心30分钟后取上清液,马上加入事先混合均匀的40g山梨醇、1.3g黄原胶,3.2g CMC,并不断搅拌,使所有添加剂均匀溶解。将调配好的罗汉参清汁用高压均质机在420bar(42MPa)下均质50分钟后,放入79℃水浴中排气40分钟。将调配好的饮料装入事先灭菌处理的180mL玻璃饮料瓶,隔水加热,微沸水浴30分钟后立刻封盖,并转移至50℃水中冷却,即得成品。
试验例1.本发明罗汉参复方饮料营养成分检测结果
将上述实施例2-4制得的复方饮料,进行成分检测,检测方法及检测结果平均值如下:
蛋白含量测定:凯氏定氮法。测得蛋白质含量为14.8mg/mL(1.48%)。
抗性淀粉测定:K-RSTAR试剂盒法。测得抗性淀粉含量为6.89mg/100g。
可溶性固形物测定:折光计法。测得可溶性固形物含量为7.6%。
脂肪含量测定:酸水解法。测得脂肪含量为0%。
碳水化合物含量:3.48%
灰分含量:0.53%。
试验例2.本发明复方保健饮料对大鼠足趾肿胀的作用
为了进一步验证本发明清咽功效,采用大鼠足趾肿胀实验进行验证。
取20只大鼠,按体重分层。随机分组,准备空白对照组和实验组,每组10只。25℃室温下,适应饲养5天。实验组的大鼠用本发明实施例2饮料灌胃进行实验,对照组给予蒸馏水行实验。实验组中,本发明饮料灌胃剂量为0.2mL/10g,空白组灌胃溶剂剂量为0.2mL/10g。连续灌胃7天,每天3次,实验前12小时禁食,在大鼠右后足趾皮下注射1%角叉菜胶混悬液0.1mL/只,分别在致炎后0、1、2、4、6、8小时测量大鼠足趾肿胀程度的变化,同时观察肿胀高峰时间和消退时间。结果如表1所示。
表1.罗汉参复方保健饮料对大鼠不同时间足趾肿胀的影响(x±s,n=10)cm
P<0.05
本发明在清咽功能检验方法中采用了大鼠足趾肿胀实验,以致炎剂(角叉菜胶)注入大大鼠足跖皮下,造成肿胀现象。用本发明复方饮料对大鼠进行灌胃实验,观察肿胀厚度的变化来表示炎症反应的程度。
经实验,大鼠足趾在注射角叉菜胶20分钟后开始肿胀,4小时后肿胀程度最为明显。如表1所示,实验组各个时间点的大鼠足趾的肿胀程度与对照组均表现出明显差异(p<0.05)。对照组由初始的0.26±0.02cm经过4小时增厚至0.73±0.05cm;而实验组大鼠足趾肿胀程度由0.28±0.01cm变为0.63±0.02cm,与对照组呈明显差异。而4至8小时之间,对照组中大鼠的足趾厚度增厚为0.75±0.07cm,变化不大;实验组中大鼠的足趾肿胀程度则有所减轻,降低至0.61±0.05cm。
试验例3.蒸煮工艺与罗汉参成分溶出率的关系
本发明通过研究蒸煮工艺参数与罗汉参抗性淀粉溶出率的关系,从而确定最佳工艺条件。取罗汉参25克,加入不用用量的纯净水,分别蒸制一定时间,待冷却后测原汁的可溶性固含量,计算溶出率,并重复三次试验验证。纯净水用量及蒸煮时间设计及结果如表2所示。
表2.罗汉参与水的比例及蒸煮时间与溶出率的关系
从表2中可以得出的结论为:稀释4-6倍时,蒸煮时间30-60分钟为最佳条件,此条件下罗汉参成分的溶出率最高,且蒸煮时间较短,可缩短时间。
试验例4.罗汉参抗性淀粉溶出率与饮料口感的关系
分别用不同溶出率的罗汉参原汁,调制成饮料。制备方法与实施例2相同。通过感官评价方式进行饮料口感评价,评价结果如表3所示。
表3罗汉参抗性淀粉溶出率与口感评分
根据感官评价的结果,可以看出罗汉参抗性淀粉溶出率在8%-11.2%范围内具有更好的口感。
Claims (7)
1.一种罗汉参复方饮料,其特征是,每升饮料包括以下有效成分原料投入量:罗汉参80~120g、罗汉果5~35g、甘草1~5g、蜂蜜10~50g、矫味剂5~20g、酸度调节剂1~3g、稳定剂0.4~1.2g;
所述罗汉参复方饮料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)前处理:取鲜罗汉参,洗净去皮后切成2-5毫米厚的罗汉参片;
(2)蒸煮:加入罗汉参质量4~6倍的纯净水;再加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜,一起隔水加热或蒸煮 30 ~ 60 分钟,得原汁;
(3)絮凝:取步骤(2)中得到的原汁,用酸度调节剂调pH至4.0~4.5后自然状态下絮凝10 ~ 30 分钟;
(4)离心:将步骤(3)中絮凝后的原汁离心后取上清液,得复方汤汁;
(5)调配:向步骤(4)中得到的复方汤汁中加入矫味剂、稳定剂,不断搅拌至充分溶解;
(6)均质:将步骤(5)中的液体经过350~450bar高压均质20~60分钟后,70 ~ 90 ℃水浴排气;
(7)灌装:用巴氏灭菌法灭菌后热灌装密封后既得所述罗汉参复方保健饮料。
2.如权利要求1所述罗汉参复方饮料,其特征是,所述稳定剂为黄原胶和羧甲基纤维素钠按照1:1.4~3配比。
3.如权利要求1所述罗汉参复方饮料,其特征是,所述矫味剂为木糖醇、甜菊苷、山梨醇的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述罗汉参复方饮料,其特征是,所述酸度调节剂为:柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸钠中的一种或几种。
5.制备权利要求1-4任一所述罗汉参复方饮料的方法,其特征是,将罗汉参切片隔水加热或蒸煮得原汁;加入罗汉果、甘草、蜂蜜一起隔水加热或蒸煮得原汁;原汁调pH至酸性后进行絮凝,絮凝后离心取上清液,加入矫味剂、稳定剂经过高压均质、灭菌灌装即可。
6.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征是,所述步骤(2)蒸煮后的原汁中固形物含量为2~3%。
7.如权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征是,所述步骤(7)巴氏灭菌法的灭菌温度为60~95℃,灭菌时间为20~40分钟;热灌装温度为80~90℃,且急速降温至5~15℃。
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