CN107495189A - 一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法 - Google Patents
一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107495189A CN107495189A CN201710891591.XA CN201710891591A CN107495189A CN 107495189 A CN107495189 A CN 107495189A CN 201710891591 A CN201710891591 A CN 201710891591A CN 107495189 A CN107495189 A CN 107495189A
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- fish
- silver carp
- carp
- bone
- eco
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,包括鲢鱼的前处理,其特征在于:鲢鱼鱼肉制作鱼糕午餐肉罐头的应用;将鲢鱼的鱼头、将鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮加热酶解后过滤,过滤得到的滤渣用于制备骨粉;滤液进行膜浓缩,浓缩体积至鱼糜总量的50%,并冷却、冷冻成冰后添加至所述鱼糕午餐肉罐头中,并进一步作为蛋白粉或饮料的配料;利用鱼内脏制备鱼蛋白液肥的应用;利用鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白的应用;本发明采用生态化利用的方法,其可使鲢鱼的肉包括其加工下脚料皆得到利用,本工艺为闭路循环工艺,加工过程中没有污染物或废弃物的排放;并且本发明范围不仅仅限于鲢鱼,也包括鲤鱼、草原、鳙鱼等的淡水鱼,本发明通过三条技术路线,将鱼肉,鱼头、鱼骨以及鱼内脏进行合理最大化的利用,尤其是将鱼头、鱼骨制备的浓缩液应用到鱼糜午餐肉罐头中,天然节约成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于淡水鱼加工工艺领域,尤其是一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法。
背景技术
鲢鱼是产量最大的淡水鱼之一,但由于淡水鱼多肌间刺,鲜销价格较低,这在一定程度上限制了鲢鱼的市场价值。
中医认为,鲢鱼具有温中益气、暖胃、滋润肌肤等功能,是温中补气养生食品。对鲢鱼进行营养分析可知,鲢鱼鱼皮鱼鳞中富含胶原蛋白,能够对抗人体老化及修补身体细胞组织,既能健身又能美容。
另外鲢鱼体内富含EPA和DHA,且含人体需要的全部氨基酸,微量元素含量丰富。其中必须氨基酸的组成与含量和畜肉十分相似,且结缔组织含量少,易消化,生物学效价很高,对促进智力发育、降低胆固醇、降低血液黏稠度和预防心脑血管疾病具有明显的作用。鲢鱼肌肉中牛磺酸含量为68mg/100g,牛磺酸对胎儿、婴儿的神经系统的发育起重要的作用,还有促进大脑发育、保护视网膜,提高免疫系统功能等作用。
全鱼每500g中可食部分为260g,其中蛋白质55.8g,脂肪14.4g,灰分3.6g,钙84mg,铁3.6mg,微量元素含量十分丰富。鲢鱼体内含有可抑制癌细胞扩散的欧咪伽-3脂肪酸成分,因此长期食用鲢鱼(淡水鱼)对预防癌症大有帮助。同时鲢鱼(淡水鱼)肌肉具有较好的凝胶形成能力,是加工鱼糜及其制品的较理想的经济鱼种。
20世纪60年代,为了控制水域中泛滥的水生浮游植物、藻类等,美国从中国引进了草鱼,并在随后的几年引进了鲢鱼、青鱼等,作为池塘清洁员并取得了一定的效果。然而亚洲鲤鱼由于其强大的生存能力,缺乏天敌,很快蔓延密西西比河和伊利诺斯河流域,随后向北发展。在密歇根湖中也发现亚洲鲤鱼的踪迹,并进一步威胁位于美国和加拿大交界处的“五大湖”区,威胁美加两国约3000万居民的饮用水源,成为美国联邦与地方政府所关注的重要环保问题之一。美国所说的亚洲鲤鱼包括青鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼、鲢鱼等鲤科鱼类,其中鲢鱼数量最多,占到70%,其他三种约30%。
美国农业部已花180多亿美元,试图拦截亚洲鲤鱼进一步侵入五大湖区,但前景并不乐观。20世纪90年代,由于密西西比河发了几次洪水,这些鱼沿着密西西比河一路北上。其他的“亚洲鲤鱼兄弟”(甚至包括金鱼和锦鲤)也或先或后陆续成了“非法移民”。由于自然天敌的缺乏,这些生长迅速,繁殖能力强的“鲤鱼”成了当地的水霸王。美国伊利诺伊州的科研人员与环保人员为了消灭亚洲鲤鱼,首先开始向临近密歇根湖的河道(全长10公里)中投放了大量“杀鱼药”,从而维持水体“生态平衡”,但没有达效果。2017年美国陆军工程兵团(US Army Corps of Engineers)宣布拟投入2亿7000万美元,采取建坝,修河道、甚至设置电网等方式来消灭泛滥成灾的亚洲鲤鱼。
为解决亚洲鲤鱼泛滥问题,美国密歇根自然资源部悬赏100万美元、奖励能控制亚洲鲤鱼数量的计划。美国人不爱吃淡水鱼,且不懂得如何烹调去除鱼的土腥味,也不爱吃刺多的鱼,一些美国人表示,亚洲鲤鱼味道不错,如果能将它们制成好吃且没刺的鱼肉制品,会有助于当地解决这种淡水生物在成的危害。
在水产鱼类的加工过程中,有大量的加工下脚料产生,如鱼头、鱼骨、鱼内脏及残留鱼肉等,其重量约占鲜鱼总重的40%-60%。如果这些加工下脚料不能得到有效的处理,不仅会带来环境问题,而且会造成蛋白质资源的大量浪费。
目前,我国淡水鱼内脏综合利用的程度不高,一般利用途径包括:(1)提取粗鱼油,作为饲料用油;(2)微生物发酵法或酸水解后做鱼饲料;(3)干燥粉碎制成鱼粉。对鱼骨的开发利用主要集中在三方面:(1)制备休闲小食品、调味品;(2)制备补钙产品;(3)酶解联合其他物化处理方式制备鱼骨胶原蛋白或多肽。
近年来,随着人口的增长和食物资源的短缺和环境保护的压力,要求我们必须综合利用现有资源,提高鱼体的综合利用价值。因此,鱼类加工下脚料的开发利用越来越受到重视,吸引着食品、生物、化工等众多领域的学者。尽管已对鱼类加工下脚料的利用进行了大量工作,也研制和生产了一些产品,但综合利用鱼类加工下脚料的整体水平仍不高。
随着食品科学的发展及水产加工业技术的进步,人们对提高鱼类加工下脚料的附加值的要求越来越高。因此,淡水鱼(鲢鱼)综合利用------生态化利用的方法,采用一个封闭的体系,可使淡水鱼(鲢鱼)的肉包括其加工下脚料得到有效利用,期间不产生环境废料,达到环保要求及实现其经济价值,是极具现实意义的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其可使淡水鱼尤其是鲢鱼的肉包括其加工下脚料皆得到利用,产生极少的废料。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,包括鲢鱼的前处理,其特征在于:
将鲢鱼鱼肉制作鱼糕午餐肉罐头的应用;将鲢鱼头、将鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮加热酶解后过滤,过滤得到的滤渣用于制备骨粉;滤液进行膜浓缩,浓缩体积至鱼糜总量的50%,并冷却、冷冻成冰后添加至所述鱼糕午餐肉罐头中,并进一步作为蛋白粉或饮料的配料;利用鱼内脏制备鱼蛋白液肥的应用;利用鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白的应用。
进一步的,所述前处理包括鲢鱼进行去头、去内脏和去鳞处理,以三片剖开方式分割,用温度10℃以下冷却清水冲洗干净,沥去表面水,备用。
进一步的,所述鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮应用具体步骤如下:
步骤一:加热酶解:将前处理后的得到的鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮进行加热酶解,即先加水调整固液比,再加入1%-10%蛋白酶在选定的pH在50℃加热条件下进行酶解;
步骤二:过滤:对步骤一中的对鱼骨酶解液进行过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,将滤渣加工至鱼骨粉;
步骤三:膜浓缩:将步骤二中的滤液进行膜浓缩,得到浓缩液和清水两种组分,浓缩液的体积浓缩至将制备罐头的鱼糜质量的50%;
步骤四:冷却:将浓缩液冷却至常温;
步骤五:冷冻:将浓缩液放入冷冻库中进行冰冻;
步骤六:加入斩拌:将浓缩液制得的冰在鱼糕午餐肉罐头的斩拌步骤中加入。
进一步的,步骤三利用膜浓缩设备对滤液进行膜浓缩。
进一步的,将鲢鱼鱼肉制作鱼糕午餐肉罐头的应用具体步骤方法如下:
步骤一:斩拌:将前处理后的得到的鱼肉、辅料以及所述的浓缩液制得的冰斩拌均匀,或在骨泥机中加工成没有颗粒感的肉糜;
步骤二:真空搅拌:利用真空搅拌机对斩拌均匀的鱼糜抽真空搅拌60min;
步骤三:装罐:利用定量真空灌装机进行装罐;
步骤四:封罐:利用封罐机进行封罐密封;
步骤五:杀菌成品:121℃杀菌30-100min,得到鱼罐头成品。
进一步的,鱼罐头成品冷却贮藏,所述步骤一的辅料配方为:食用盐1%-5%,白砂糖2%-10%,葡萄糖0.5%-3%,味精0.5%-5%,白胡椒粉0.1%-0.5%,白醋0.5%-3%,料酒1%-5%,马铃薯淀粉5%-15%,大豆分离蛋白5%-20%,复合磷酸盐≤0.1%,β环状糊精≤0.1%,调和油0.5%-5%,鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰50%。
进一步的,利用鱼内脏制备鱼蛋白液肥的应用方法步骤方法如下:
步骤一:清洗、捣碎:将鲢鱼内脏清洗干净,然后用组织捣碎机将内脏捣碎;
步骤二:酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入0.4%-4%蛋白酶在50℃左右进行酶解;
步骤三:离心:趁热对鱼内脏的酶解液进行离心分离,得到上层游离油和下层乳状液;
步骤四:过滤:对离心得到的乳状液进行过滤,将滤渣回收与鱼头、鱼骨加工后得到的滤渣一同加工至鱼骨粉;
步骤五:浓缩:将经过滤的鱼内脏酶解液进行浓缩;
步骤六:调配:依据研制的鱼蛋白液肥的配方向浓缩后的酶解液中加入添加剂或助剂,并配合过滤步骤得到的滤渣以制备鱼蛋白液肥。
进一步的,所述步骤三中的离心步骤可获得鱼油,过滤步骤得到的滤渣回收。
进一步的,利用鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白应用方法步骤方法如下:
(1)鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取:
步骤一:预处理:将鱼鳞洗净,必要时要进行脱脂脱色;
步骤二:提取:用盐酸pH在4~5浸泡进行脱钙处理,直到鳞片柔软透明,时间大约为2~3周;取出洗净后浸灰15~20 d,主要是使得原料组织疏松,洗净后放在60~70℃夹层锅中加热2~3 h熬煮2~5次,提尽为止;
步骤三:浓缩处理:趁热转盘,凝固成胶冻;
步骤四:干燥处理:干燥后使含水量<15%;
(2)鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取:
步骤一:预处理:用刀将鱼皮表面的杂肉及鱼鳞去掉,自来水冲洗干净;用NaOH溶液浸泡鱼皮,除去杂蛋白;用洗涤剂浸泡鱼皮除去脂肪;
步骤二:提取:用HAC浸泡鱼皮约,单层纱布抽滤,
步骤三:提纯:利用移液枪吸取NaOH溶液,将滤液pH值调至 ≤ 7.0;静置一夜,利用玻璃棒和汤匙将其捣碎,装入离心管恒重离心,用汤匙捣碎加入HAC溶液,冷水浴持续搅拌至完全溶解;利用针管将溶解液(较粘稠)移至透析袋中,放入装满蒸馏水的大烧杯中,放至磁力搅拌器上,透析3天,每天换7~8次水;
步骤四:成品:将透析袋内凝胶状胶原蛋白取出切片(竖切圆片,横切长片),厚度约为1mm的作为凝胶材料,平铺进铝箔袋内,密封标记冷冻。
进一步的,所述鲢鱼替换为鲤鱼、草鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼其中的一种。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明采用生态化利用的方法,其可使鲢鱼的肉包括其加工下脚料皆得到利用,本工艺为闭路循环工艺,加工过程中没有污染物或废弃物的排放;并且本发明范围不仅仅限于鲢鱼,也包括鲤鱼、草原、鳙鱼等的淡水鱼,本发明通过三条技术路线,将鱼肉,鱼头、鱼骨以及鱼内脏进行合理最大化的利用,尤其是将鱼头、鱼骨制备的浓缩液应用到鱼糜午餐肉罐头中,天然节约成本。
附图说明
图1 为本发明步骤流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的说明:
如图1所示,实施例1:以鲢鱼作为对象,准备新鲜鲢鱼
预处理:鲢鱼首先进行去头、去内脏和去鳞处理,以三片剖开方式分割,用冷却清水(温度10℃以下)冲洗干净,沥去表面水,备用。
采肉:用绞肉机采肉,去皮和骨刺。
冷冻、解冻:将采好的鱼糜放入冷库中冷冻,需要时取出进行解冻备用。
加热酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入1%蛋白酶在50℃左右进行酶解。
过滤:对鱼骨酶解液进行过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,将滤渣加工至鱼骨粉。
膜浓缩:利用膜浓缩设备对滤液进行膜浓缩,得到浓缩液和清水两种组分。浓缩液的体积浓缩至将制备罐头的鱼糜质量的50%。
冷却:将浓缩液冷却至常温。
冷冻:将浓缩液放入冷冻库中进行冰冻。
将此鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰将当作水的组分加入鲢鱼鱼糜罐头中。
斩拌:利用斩拌机将解冻完成的鱼糜和调味料搭配鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰斩拌均匀。
真空搅拌:利用真空搅拌机对斩拌均匀的鱼糜抽真空搅拌60min。
装罐:利用浆式灌装机进行装罐。
封罐:利用封罐机进行封罐。
杀菌:121℃杀菌30min。
冷却:将杀菌完成的罐头取出后冷却至室温。
贮藏:未开罐的罐头常温即可保藏。
清洗、捣碎:将鲢鱼内脏清洗干净,然后用组织捣碎机将内脏捣碎。
酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入0.4%蛋白酶在50℃进行酶解。
离心:趁热对鱼内脏的酶解液进行离心分离,得到上层游离油和下层乳状液。
过滤:对离心得到的乳状液进行过滤,将滤渣回收与鱼头、鱼骨加工后得到的滤渣一同加工至鱼骨粉。
浓缩:将经过滤的鱼内脏酶解液进行浓缩。
调配:依据研制的鱼蛋白液肥的配方向浓缩后的酶解液中加入添加剂或助剂,以制备鱼蛋白液肥。
利用鱼皮、鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白应用方法步骤方法如下:
(1)鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取
预处理:将鱼鳞洗净,必要时要进行脱脂脱色
提取:用盐酸(pH为4)浸泡进行脱钙处理,直到鳞片柔软透明,时间大约为2周;取出洗净后浸灰15d,主要是使得原料组织疏松。洗净后放在60℃夹层锅中加热2h熬胶2次,提尽为止;
浓缩处理:趁热转盘,凝固成胶冻;
干燥处理:干燥后使含水量<15%;
(2)鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取:
预处理:用刀将鱼皮表面的杂肉及鱼鳞去掉,自来水冲洗干净;用NaOH溶液浸泡鱼皮,除去杂蛋白;用洗涤剂浸泡鱼皮除去脂肪;
提取:用HAC浸泡鱼皮约,单层纱布抽滤;
提纯:利用移液枪吸取NaOH溶液,将滤液pH值调至 ≤ 7.0;静置一夜,利用玻璃棒和汤匙将其捣碎,装入离心管恒重离心,用汤匙捣碎加入HAC溶液,冷水浴持续搅拌至完全溶解;利用针管将溶解液(较粘稠)移至透析袋中,放入装满蒸馏水的大烧杯中,放至磁力搅拌器上,透析3天,每天换7次水;
成品:将透析袋内凝胶状胶原蛋白取出切片(竖切圆片,横切长片),厚度约为1mm的作为凝胶材料,平铺进铝箔袋内,密封标记冷冻。
实施例2:
以鲢鱼作为对象,准备新鲜鲢鱼:
预处理:鲢鱼首先进行去头、去内脏和去鳞处理,以三片剖开方式分割,用冷却清水(温度10℃以下)冲洗干净,沥去表面水,备用。
采肉:用绞肉机采肉,去皮和骨刺。
冷冻、解冻:将采好的鱼糜放入冷库中冷冻,需要时取出进行解冻备用。
加热酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入10%蛋白酶在50℃进行酶解。
过滤:对鱼骨酶解液进行过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,将滤渣加工至鱼骨粉。
膜浓缩:利用膜浓缩设备对滤液进行膜浓缩,得到浓缩液和清水两种组分。浓缩液的体积浓缩至将制备罐头的鱼糜质量的50%左右。
冷却:将浓缩液冷却至常温。
冷冻:将浓缩液放入冷冻库中进行冰冻。
将此鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰将当作水的组分加入鲢鱼鱼糜罐头中。
斩拌:利用斩拌机将解冻完成的鱼糜和调味料搭配鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰斩拌均匀。
真空搅拌:利用真空搅拌机对斩拌均匀的鱼糜抽真空搅拌60min。
装罐:利用浆式灌装机进行装罐。
封罐:利用封罐机进行封罐。
杀菌:121℃杀菌100min。
冷却:将杀菌完成的罐头取出后冷却至室温。
贮藏:未开罐的罐头常温即可保藏。
清洗、捣碎:将鲢鱼内脏清洗干净,然后用组织捣碎机将内脏捣碎。
酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入4%蛋白酶在50℃进行酶解。
离心:趁热对鱼内脏的酶解液进行离心分离,得到上层游离油和下层乳状液。
过滤:对离心得到的乳状液进行过滤,将滤渣回收与鱼头、鱼骨加工后得到的滤渣一同加工至鱼骨粉。
浓缩:将经过滤的鱼内脏酶解液进行浓缩。
调配:依据研制的鱼蛋白液肥的配方向浓缩后的酶解液中加入添加剂或助剂,以制备鱼蛋白液肥。
利用鱼皮、鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白应用方法步骤方法如下:
(1)鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取
预处理:将鱼鳞洗净,必要时要进行脱脂脱色
提取:用盐酸(pH值为5)浸泡进行脱钙处理,直到鳞片柔软透明,时间大约为3周;取出洗净后浸灰20 d,主要是使得原料组织疏松。洗净后放在70℃夹层锅中加热3 h熬胶2~5次,提尽为止;
浓缩处理:趁热转盘,凝固成胶冻;
干燥处理:干燥后使含水量<15%;
(2)鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取:
预处理:用刀将鱼皮表面的杂肉及鱼鳞去掉,自来水冲洗干净;用NaOH溶液浸泡鱼皮,除去杂蛋白;用洗涤剂浸泡鱼皮除去脂肪;
提取:用HAC浸泡鱼皮约,单层纱布抽滤;
提纯:利用移液枪吸取NaOH溶液,将滤液pH值调至 ≤ 7.0;静置一夜,利用玻璃棒和汤匙将其捣碎,装入离心管恒重离心,用汤匙捣碎加入HAC溶液,冷水浴持续搅拌至完全溶解;利用针管将溶解液(较粘稠)移至透析袋中,放入装满蒸馏水的大烧杯中,放至磁力搅拌器上,透析3天,每天换8次水;
成品:将透析袋内凝胶状胶原蛋白取出切片(竖切圆片,横切长片),厚度约为1mm的作为凝胶材料,平铺进铝箔袋内,密封标记冷冻。
优选上述实施:
在鱼肉斩拌中加入辅料,所述辅料配方为:食用盐1%-5%,白砂糖2%-10%,葡萄糖0.5%-3%,味精0.5%-5%,白胡椒粉0.1%-0.5%,白醋0.5%-3%,料酒1%-5%,马铃薯淀粉5%-15%,大豆分离蛋白5%-20%,复合磷酸盐≤0.1%,β环状糊精≤0.1%,调和油0.5%-5%,鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰50%。
在实施例1中,加入辅料配方为:食用盐1%,白砂糖2%,葡萄糖0.5%,味精0.5%,白胡椒粉0.1%,白醋0.5%,料酒1%,马铃薯淀粉5%,大豆分离蛋白5%,复合磷酸盐≤0.1%,β环状糊精≤0.1%,调和油0.5%,鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰50%。
在实施例2中,辅料配方为:食用盐5%,白砂糖10%,葡萄糖3%,味精5%,白胡椒粉0.5%,白醋3%,料酒5%,马铃薯淀粉15%,大豆分离蛋白20%,复合磷酸盐≤0.1%,β环状糊精≤0.1%,调和油5%,鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰50%。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,包括鲢鱼的前处理,其特征在于:
将鲢鱼鱼肉制作鱼糕午餐肉罐头的应用;将鲢鱼的鱼头、将鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮加热酶解后过滤,过滤得到的滤渣用于制备骨粉;滤液进行膜浓缩,浓缩体积至鱼糜总量的50%,并冷却、冷冻成冰后添加至所述鱼糕午餐肉罐头中,并进一步作为蛋白粉或饮料的配料;利用鱼内脏制备鱼蛋白液肥的应用;利用鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:所述前处理包括鲢鱼进行去头、去内脏和去鳞处理,以三片剖开方式分割,用温度10℃以下冷却清水冲洗干净,沥去表面水,备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:所述鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮应用具体步骤如下:
步骤一:加热酶解:将前处理后的得到的鲢鱼的鱼头、鱼骨、鱼皮进行加热酶解,即先加水调整固液比,再加入1%-10%蛋白酶在选定的pH在50℃加热条件下进行酶解;
步骤二:过滤:对步骤一中的对鱼骨酶解液进行过滤,得到滤液和滤渣,将滤渣加工至鱼骨粉;
步骤三:膜浓缩:将步骤二中的滤液进行膜浓缩,得到浓缩液和清水两种组分,浓缩液的体积浓缩至将制备罐头的鱼糜质量的50%;
步骤四:冷却:将浓缩液冷却至常温;
步骤五:冷冻:将浓缩液放入冷冻库中进行冰冻;
步骤六:加入斩拌:将浓缩液制得的冰在鱼糕午餐肉罐头的斩拌步骤中加入。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:步骤三利用膜浓缩设备对滤液进行膜浓缩。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:将鲢鱼鱼肉制作鱼糕午餐肉罐头的应用具体步骤方法如下:
步骤一:斩拌:将前处理后的得到的鱼肉、辅料以及所述的浓缩液制得的冰斩拌均匀,或在骨泥机中加工成没有颗粒感的肉糜;
步骤二:真空搅拌:利用真空搅拌机对斩拌均匀的鱼糜抽真空搅拌60min;
步骤三:装罐:利用定量真空灌装机进行装罐;
步骤四:封罐:利用封罐机进行封罐密封;
步骤五:杀菌成品:121℃杀菌30-100min,得到鱼罐头成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:鱼罐头成品冷却贮藏,所述步骤一的辅料配方为:食用盐1%-5%,白砂糖2%-10%,葡萄糖0.5%-3%,味精0.5%-5%,白胡椒粉0.1%-0.5%,白醋0.5%-3%,料酒1%-5%,马铃薯淀粉5%-15%,大豆分离蛋白5%-20%,复合磷酸盐≤0.1%,β环状糊精≤0.1%,调和油0.5%-5%,鱼骨浓缩液制得的冰50%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:利用鱼内脏制备鱼蛋白液肥的应用方法步骤方法如下:
步骤一:清洗、捣碎:将鲢鱼内脏清洗干净,然后用组织捣碎机将内脏捣碎;
步骤二:酶解:先加水调整固液比,再加入0.4%-4%蛋白酶在50℃左右进行酶解;
步骤三:离心:趁热对鱼内脏的酶解液进行离心分离,得到上层游离油和下层乳状液;
步骤四:过滤:对离心得到的乳状液进行过滤,将滤渣回收与鱼头、鱼骨加工后得到的滤渣一同加工至鱼骨粉;
步骤五:浓缩:将经过滤的鱼内脏酶解液进行浓缩;
步骤六:调配:依据研制的鱼蛋白液肥的配方向浓缩后的酶解液中加入添加剂或助剂,并配合过滤步骤得到的滤渣以制备鱼蛋白液肥。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中的离心步骤可获得鱼油,过滤步骤得到的滤渣回收。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:利用鱼鳞制备胶原蛋白应用方法步骤方法如下:
(1)鱼鳞胶原蛋白的提取:
步骤一:预处理:将鱼鳞洗净,必要时要进行脱脂脱色;
步骤二:提取:用盐酸pH在4~5浸泡进行脱钙处理,直到鳞片柔软透明,时间大约为2~3周;取出洗净后浸灰15~20 d,主要是使得原料组织疏松,洗净后放在60~70℃夹层锅中加热2~3 h熬煮2~5次,提尽为止;
步骤三:浓缩处理:趁热转盘,凝固成胶冻;
步骤四:干燥处理:干燥后使含水量<15%;
(2)鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取:
步骤一:预处理:用刀将鱼皮表面的杂肉及鱼鳞去掉,自来水冲洗干净;用NaOH溶液浸泡鱼皮,除去杂蛋白;用洗涤剂浸泡鱼皮除去脂肪;
步骤二:提取:用HAC浸泡鱼皮约,单层纱布抽滤,
步骤三:提纯:利用移液枪吸取NaOH溶液,将滤液pH值调至 ≤ 7.0;静置一夜,利用玻璃棒和汤匙将其捣碎,装入离心管恒重离心,用汤匙捣碎加入HAC溶液,冷水浴持续搅拌至完全溶解;利用针管将溶解液(较粘稠)移至透析袋中,放入装满蒸馏水的大烧杯中,放至磁力搅拌器上,透析3天,每天换7~8次水;
步骤四:成品:将透析袋内凝胶状胶原蛋白取出切片(竖切圆片,横切长片),厚度约为1mm的作为凝胶材料,平铺进铝箔袋内,密封标记冷冻。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种鲢鱼生态化利用的方法,其特征在于:所述鲢鱼替换为鲤鱼、草鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼其中的一种。
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WO2022061973A1 (zh) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-31 | 尚朝阳 | 一种鱼肉罐头及其制备方法 |
CN112965404A (zh) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-06-15 | 林寿福 | 鱼蛋白悬浮功能液体肥生产装置、控制系统、方法、终端 |
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