CN107406363B - (甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法 - Google Patents
(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107406363B CN107406363B CN201680014466.4A CN201680014466A CN107406363B CN 107406363 B CN107406363 B CN 107406363B CN 201680014466 A CN201680014466 A CN 201680014466A CN 107406363 B CN107406363 B CN 107406363B
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- meth
- reaction
- acrylate
- producing
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- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 223
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C=C HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 17
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- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butoxymethyl]-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CC)(CO)CO WMYINDVYGQKYMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound OCCN1C(=O)N(CCO)C(=O)N(CCO)C1=O BPXVHIRIPLPOPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 21
- RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC RSJKGSCJYJTIGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 16
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 14
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine Chemical compound C1NCCN2CCCC21 FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 11
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;prop-2-enoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C=C.[O-]C(=O)C=C XKMZOFXGLBYJLS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/02—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by interreacting ester groups, i.e. transesterification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
根据本发明,提供包括以下工序的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法。(反应工序1)并用下述催化剂A和催化剂B,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序。催化剂A:选自具有氮杂双环结构的环状叔胺或其盐或其配合物的一种以上化合物。催化剂B:选自含锌化合物的一种以上化合物。(催化剂回收工序)从上述反应工序1和/或反应工序2得到的含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应产物中分离含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的工序。(反应工序2)使用从上述催化剂回收工序得到的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体作为催化剂或催化剂的一部分,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法。详细地说,本发明涉及一种(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其特征在于,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,得到(甲基)丙烯酸酯。特别涉及所使用的催化剂的回收再利用。
背景技术
(甲基)丙烯酸酯通过照射紫外线、电子射线等活性能量射线、或加热而固化,因此,作为涂料、油墨、粘接剂、光学透镜、填充剂和成形材料等的配合物的交联成分、或作为反应性稀释剂成分而大量使用。
特别是具有3个以上(甲基)丙烯酰基的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的固化物显现出高的硬度和优异的耐磨性,作为硬涂剂涂料的配合成分而大量使用。
作为该多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯,已知有三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
这些(甲基)丙烯酸酯通过相应的醇与(甲基)丙烯酸的酯化反应、或酯交换反应而制造。
在通过酯化反应进行的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造中,作为催化剂,使用硫酸、对甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸等磺酸。但是,为了从酯化反应结束后得到的反应粗产物中除去该磺酸,需要用碱性水溶液进行提取洗涤,工序复杂,生产率的下降显著。另外,由于在该提取操作中,目标(甲基)丙烯酸酯的一部分发生皂化,存在收率低下的问题。
另一方面,在通过酯交换反应进行的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造中,也可以不使用磺酸而进行反应。例如,已知有以有机锡化合物为催化剂的方法(参照专利文献1)、并用锌化合物和有机磷化合物作为催化剂的方法(参照专利文献2)、以具有配位在含有特定金属原子的金属化合物上的结构的具有磷结构的凝胶状苯乙烯系聚合物或凝胶状聚硅氧烷系聚合物为催化剂的方法(参照专利文献3)等。在这些方法中,从经济性和环境负荷的观点考虑,寻求将催化剂回收、再利用。
在通过酯交换反应进行的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造中,作为将催化剂回收、再利用的方法,公开了以有机锡化合物为催化剂的方法(参照专利文献1)。但是,在专利文献1中,为了回收催化剂,在通过温水多次实施提取操作后,必须进一步进行脱水操作,工序复杂,生产率的下降显著。
另外,在专利文献3中,记载了在反应结束后可通过过滤来分离催化剂。但是,必须经过复杂的工序来制备具有特殊结构的聚合物,很难说是经济上有利的制造方法。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2003-190819号公报
专利文献2:专利第4656351号公报
专利文献3:特开2003-286226号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明正是鉴于上述现状而完成的,其目的在于,通过以下方法高效地获得(甲基)丙烯酸酯,所述方法为在(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造中回收催化剂,将该回收的催化剂再次用于制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的方法,并且是无需复杂的回收操作和特殊的聚合物的制备,以极其简便的方法回收和再利用催化剂,经济上有利的方法。
解决课题的手段
本发明人等为了解决上述课题进行了深入的研究。其结果发现,在使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应而制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯时,通过并用下述催化剂A和催化剂B,能够从酯交换反应后的反应产物中以极其简便的操作分离回收作为固体的催化剂A和/或催化剂B。进而发现,即使使用分离回收的固体作为催化剂或催化剂的一部分来进行醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的酯交换反应,也没有发现催化剂性能的降低,能够以经济上有利的方法高效地获得(甲基)丙烯酸酯,至此完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,包括以下工序:
(反应工序1)并用下述催化剂A和催化剂B,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序,
催化剂A:选自具有氮杂双环结构的环状叔胺或其盐或其配合物中的一种以上的化合物。
催化剂B:选自含锌化合物中的一种以上的化合物;
(催化剂回收工序)从上述反应工序1得到的含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应产物中分离出含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的工序,
(反应工序2)使用从上述催化剂回收工序中得到的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体作为催化剂或催化剂的一部分,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序。
予以说明,本发明中的“(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指包含在由反应工序1或反应工序2得到的反应产物中的、目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。得到的(甲基)丙烯酸酯根据所使用的醇的羟基数,为单官能、2官能或多官能。本发明中的“单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯”是指用作原料的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
发明效果
根据本发明的制造方法,可高效地获得(甲基)丙烯酸酯,同时,能够以简便的方法回收催化剂,并在不引起催化剂性能降低的情况下将催化剂再利用。由本发明制造方法得到的(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以作为涂料、油墨、粘接剂、光学透镜、填充剂和成形材料等的配合物的交联成分、或者作为反应性稀释剂成分,适用于各种工业用途。
附图说明
[图1]是显示本发明中的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法的反应机制的概略图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,包括以下工序:
(反应工序1)并用下述催化剂A和催化剂B,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序,
催化剂A:选自具有氮杂双环结构的环状叔胺或其盐或其配合物中的一种以上的化合物。
催化剂B:选自含锌化合物中的一种以上的化合物;
(催化剂回收工序)从上述反应工序1得到的含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应产物中分离出含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的工序,
(反应工序2)使用从上述催化剂回收工序中得到的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体作为催化剂或催化剂的一部分,使醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序。
以下,详细说明本发明。
首先,说明反应工序1。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,作为原料使用的醇是分子中具有至少1个以上醇性羟基的脂族醇、脂环式醇、芳族醇、多元醇醚等。该醇可在分子内具有其他官能团或键,例如酚性羟基、酮基、酰基、醛基、硫醇基、氨基、亚氨基、氰基、硝基、醚键、酯键、碳酸酯键、酰胺键、酰亚胺键、肽键、尿烷键、缩醛键、半缩醛键、半缩酮键等。
作为具有1个醇性羟基的一元醇的具体例,可举出乙二醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚、二甘醇单乙基醚、三甘醇单甲基醚、四甘醇单甲基醚、聚乙二醇单甲基醚、二丙二醇单甲基醚、三丙二醇单丁基醚、聚丙二醇单乙基醚、1,6-己二醇单甲基醚、1,6-己二醇单乙基醚、四亚甲基二醇单甲基醚、四亚甲基二醇单乙基醚、聚四亚甲基二醇单甲基醚、聚四亚甲基二醇单乙基醚、缩水甘油、2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇、2-(2-二甲氨基乙氧基)乙醇、2-乙基己基醇的环氧烷改性物等分子内具有醚键的一元醇;2-羟乙基乙烯基醚(别名:乙二醇单乙烯基醚)、3-羟丙基乙烯基醚、2-羟丙基乙烯基醚、2-羟基异丙基乙烯基醚、4-羟基丁基乙烯基醚、3-羟基丁基乙烯基醚、2-羟基丁基乙烯基醚、3-羟基异丁基乙烯基醚、2-羟基异丁基乙烯基醚、1-甲基-3-羟丙基乙烯基醚、1-甲基-2-羟丙基乙烯基醚、1-羟甲基丙基乙烯基醚、4-羟基环己基乙烯基醚、1,6-己二醇单乙烯基醚、四亚甲基二醇单乙烯基醚、聚四亚甲基二醇单乙烯基醚1,4-环己烷二甲醇单乙烯基醚、1,3-环己烷二甲醇单乙烯基醚、1,2-环己烷二甲醇单乙烯基醚、异山梨醇单乙烯基醚、p-二甲苯二醇单乙烯基醚、m-二甲苯二醇单乙烯基醚、o-二甲苯二醇单乙烯基醚、二甘醇单乙烯基醚、三甘醇单乙烯基醚、四甘醇单乙烯基醚、五甘醇单乙烯基醚、低聚乙二醇单乙烯基醚、聚乙二醇单乙烯基醚、二丙二醇单乙烯基醚、三丙二醇单乙烯基醚、四丙二醇单乙烯基醚、五丙二醇单乙烯基醚、低聚丙二醇单乙烯基醚、聚丙二醇单乙烯基醚、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物单乙烯基醚等分子内具有乙烯基和醚键的一元醇;三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯醇(别名:羟基二环戊二烯)、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸醇、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基乙醇、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸氧基乙醇、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基丙醇、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸氧基丙醇、三环[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基乙氧基乙醇、三环[5.2.1.02 ,6]癸氧基乙氧基乙醇、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-羟基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶、氧杂环丁烷基甲醇、四氢糠醇、四氢吡喃醇、1,4-环己烷二甲醇单甲基醚、1,3-环己烷二甲醇单甲基醚、1,2-环己烷二甲醇单甲基醚、异山梨醇单甲基醚、异山梨醇单乙基醚、2,3-O-sec-亚丁基甘油、5-乙基-5-(羟甲基)-1,3-二烷、α-羟基-γ-丁内酯、1,2-碳酸甘油酯、1,3-二氧戊环-4-基甲醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-甲醇、β-羟基-γ-丁内酯、α-羟甲基-γ-丁内酯、β-羟甲基-γ-丁内酯等具有环结构的一元醇;苄醇、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基丙醇、p-二甲苯二醇单甲基醚、m-二甲苯二醇单甲基醚、o-二甲苯二醇单甲基醚、苯酚的环氧烷改性物、邻苯基苯酚的环氧烷改性物、对枯基苯酚的环氧烷改性物、壬基苯酚的环氧烷改性物等具有芳环的醇等。
作为具有2个醇性羟基的二元醇的具体例,可举出乙二醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、三亚甲基二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、聚丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、壬二醇、新戊二醇、环己二醇、环己烷二甲醇、二烷二醇、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、N-丁基二乙醇胺、N-叔丁基二乙醇胺、N-月桂基二乙醇胺、硬脂基二乙醇胺、N-苯基二乙醇胺、间甲苯基二乙醇胺、对甲苯基二乙醇胺、N,N’-双(2-羟丙基)苯胺、N-亚硝基二乙醇胺、N-(2-羟乙基)乳酰胺、N,N’-双(2-羟乙基)草酰二胺、3-吗啉-1,2-丙二醇、2,6-吡啶二甲醇、3-(二甲氨基)-1,2-丙二醇、3-(二乙氨基)-1,2-丙二醇、双阿脲二水合物、(+)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-L-酒石酸二酰胺、(-)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-D-酒石酸二酰胺、N-丙基-N-(2,3-二羟丙基)全氟-正辛基磺酰胺、胸苷、氯霉素、甲砜霉素、D-赤酮酸内酯、甲基-4,6-O-亚苄基-α-D-吡喃葡糖苷、苯基-4,6-O-亚苄基-1-硫代-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷、1,2:5,6-二-O-亚异丙基-D-甘露醇、1,2-O-亚异丙基-α-D-呋喃木糖、2,6-二-O-棕榈酰基-L-抗坏血酸、异山梨醇和它们的环氧烷加成物、以及,对苯二酚、双酚A、双酚AP、双酚AF、双酚B、双酚BP、双酚C、双酚E、双酚F、双酚G、双酚M、双酚S、硫代双酚、双酚P、双酚PH、双酚TMC和双酚Z等具有酚性羟基的化合物的环氧烷加成物、聚碳酸酯二醇等具有碳酸酯键的醇等。
作为具有3个醇性羟基的三元醇的具体例,可举出三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯、己三醇、辛三醇、癸三醇、三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、1-[双2-(羟乙基)氨基]-2-丙醇、D-泛醇、DL-泛醇、尿苷、5-甲基尿苷、胞苷、肌苷、腺苷、柱晶白霉素A3、柱晶白霉素A4、柱晶白霉素A6、柱晶白霉素A8、盐酸克林霉素一水合物、泼尼松龙、甲基-β-D-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷、甲基-β-L-吡喃岩藻糖苷、甲基-α-L-吡喃岩藻糖苷、D-半乳醛(D-Galactal)、4-甲氧基苯基-3-O-烯丙基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、4-甲氧基苯基-3-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、1,6-无水-β-D-葡萄糖、α-氯醛糖、β-氯醛糖、4,6-O-亚乙基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖、D-己烯糖、1,2-O-亚异丙基-α-D-呋喃葡萄糖、D-葡糖醛酸-6,3-内酯、2-脱氧-D-核糖、甲基-β-D-呋喃核糖苷、D-(+)-核糖酸-1,4-内酯、甲基-β-D-吡喃木糖苷、6-O-棕榈酰基-L-抗坏血酸、6-O-硬脂酰基-L-抗坏血酸、3-O-乙基-L-抗坏血酸和它们的环氧烷加成物等。
作为具有4个醇性羟基的四元醇的具体例,可举出双三羟甲基乙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、二甘油、季戊四醇、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟乙基)丁二酰胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟丙基)丁二酰胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟乙基)己二酰胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟丙基)己二酰胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟乙基)乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺、N-己酰基-D-葡糖胺、N-戊酰基-D-葡糖胺、N-三氟乙酰-D-葡糖胺、N-苯甲酰基-D-葡糖胺、5-乙酰胺-N,N’-双(2,3-二羟丙基)-2,4,6-三碘异邻苯二甲酰胺、螺旋霉素、克拉霉素、柱晶白霉素A1、柱晶白霉素A5、柱晶白霉素A7、柱晶白霉素A9、柱晶白霉素A13、林可霉素盐酸盐一水合物、重氮烷基脲(Diazolidinyl urea)、D-(-)-阿拉伯糖、DL-阿拉伯糖、L-(+)-阿拉伯糖、meso-赤藓醇、D-(+)-岩藻糖、L-(-)-岩藻糖、烯丙基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、甲基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、甲基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷一水合物、4-甲氧基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、2-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、4-硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、N-乙酰基-D-半乳糖胺水合物、D-(+)-半乳糖胺盐酸盐、熊果苷、2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖、七叶苷1.5水合物、D-(+)-葡糖酸-1,5-内酯、D-葡糖醛酰胺、蜗牛素、甲基-α-D-吡喃葡糖苷、甲基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷0.5水合物、4-甲氧基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷、4-硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷一水合物、4-硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃葡糖苷、壬基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷、正辛基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷、苯基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷水合物、根皮苷水合物、云杉苷、葛根素、N-乙酰基-D-葡糖胺、N-苯甲酰基-D-葡糖胺、D-(+)-葡糖胺盐酸盐、N-己酰基-D-葡糖胺、N-戊酰基-D-葡糖胺、L-(+)-古洛糖酸-γ-内酯、D-(-)-来苏糖、L-(+)-来苏糖、3,4-O-亚异丙基-D-甘露醇、甲基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷、D-甘露糖酸-1,4-内酯、4-甲氧基苯基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷、N-乙酰基-D-甘露糖胺一水合物、D-(-)-核糖、L-核糖、D-(+)-木糖、DL-木糖、L-(-)-木糖、D-阿拉伯糖型抗坏血酸、L-抗坏血酸、L-苏糖醇和它们的环氧烷加成物等。
作为具有5个醇性羟基的五元醇的具体例,可举出三(三羟甲基)乙烷、三(三羟甲基)丙烷、三甘油、双(2-羟乙基)氨基三(羟甲基)甲烷、双(2-羟丙基)氨基三(羟甲基)甲烷、N,N,N’,N”,N”-五(2-羟乙基)二乙三胺、N,N,N’,N”,N”-五(2-羟丙基)二乙三胺、米格列醇、红霉素、阿奇霉素二水合物、D-(+)-阿糖醇、DL-阿糖醇、L-(-)-阿糖醇、D-(-)-果糖、L-(+)-果糖、D-(+)-半乳糖、L-(-)-半乳糖、β-D-葡萄糖、D-(+)-葡萄糖、L-(-)-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖二乙基缩硫醛、水杨苷、L-古洛糖、D-(+)-甘露糖、L-(-)-甘露糖、核糖醇、L-(-)-山梨糖、D-塔格糖、木糖醇、三氯半乳蔗糖、抗坏血酸甘油酯和它们的环氧烷加成物等。
作为具有6个以上醇性羟基的多元醇的具体例,可举出聚三羟甲基乙烷、聚三羟甲基丙烷、聚甘油、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇、聚季戊四醇、碘海醇、半乳糖醇、D-山梨糖醇、L-山梨糖醇、myo-肌醇、scyllo-肌醇、D-甘露醇、L-甘露醇、淫羊藿苷、苦杏仁苷、D-(+)-纤维二糖、地奥司明、2-O-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-L-抗坏血酸、橙皮苷、D-(+)-乳糖一水合物、乳果糖、D-(+)-麦芽糖一水合物、D-(+)-蜜二糖一水合物、甲基橙皮苷、麦芽糖醇、柚皮苷水合物、新橙皮苷双氢查尔酮水合物、帕拉金糖水合物、芦丁水合物、D-(+)-蔗糖、蛇菊苷、D-(+)-松二糖、D-(+)-海藻糖(无水)、D-(+)-海藻糖二水合物、D-(+)-松三糖水合物、D-(+)-棉子糖五水合物、瑞莱鲍迪苷A、水苏四糖、α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精、淀粉、聚乙烯醇和它们的环氧烷加成物等。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,可以将这些醇单独使用或任意组合2种以上使用。在这些醇中,优选具有3个以上醇性羟基的多元醇,特别优选三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、甘油的环氧烷加成物、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯、三乙醇胺、双三羟甲基乙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、二甘油、二甘油的环氧烷加成物、季戊四醇、季戊四醇的环氧烷加成物、木糖醇、二季戊四醇、二季戊四醇的环氧烷加成物、D-山梨糖醇、聚甘油。予以说明,关于这些醇,当存在其水合物或溶剂合物时,该水合物和溶剂合物可用作本发明的制造方法中的醇。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,用作原料的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯为分子中具有1个(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物,例如可举出下述通式(1)表示的化合物。
[化1]
式中,R1表示氢原子或甲基。R2表示碳数1~50的有机基团。
作为上述通式(1)中的R2的具体例,可举出甲基、乙基、正-或异-丙基、正-、异-或叔-丁基、正、仲-或叔-戊基、新戊基、正、仲-或叔-己基、正、仲-或叔-庚基、正、仲-或叔-辛基、2-乙基己基、辛基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、月桂基、十三烷基、肉豆蔻基、十五烷基、鲸蜡基、十七烷基、硬脂基、十九烷基、二十烷基、二十六烷基、三十烷基、蜂花基、乙烯基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、巴豆基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基、十六烯基、十七烯基、油烯基、十八碳二烯基、十八碳三烯基、环戊基、环戊基甲基、环己基、环己基甲基、4-甲基环己基、4-叔丁基环己基、三环癸基、异冰片基、金刚烷基、二环戊烷基、二环戊烯基、苯基、甲基苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、4-叔丁基苯基、苄基、二苯基甲基、二苯基乙基、三苯基甲基、肉桂基、萘基、蒽基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基乙基、3-甲氧基丁基、乙氧基乙基、乙氧基乙氧基乙基、环戊氧基乙基、环己氧基乙基、环戊氧基乙氧基乙基、环己氧基乙氧基乙基、二环戊烯氧基乙基、苯氧基乙基、苯氧基乙氧基乙基、缩水甘油基、β-甲基缩水甘油基、β-乙基缩水甘油基、3,4-环氧基环己基甲基、2-环氧丙烷基甲基、3-甲基-3-环氧丙烷基甲基、3-乙基-3-环氧丙烷基甲基、四氢呋喃基、四氢糠基、四氢吡喃基、二烷酮基(Dioxazolanyl)、二烷基、N,N-二甲氨基乙基、N,N-二乙氨基乙基、N,N-二甲氨基丙基、N,N-二乙氨基丙基、N-苄基-N-甲氨基乙基、N-苄基-N-甲氨基丙基等。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,可以将这些单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯单独或任意组合2种以上使用。这些单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯中,优选丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-二甲氨基乙酯。特别优选对几乎所有的醇显示出良好的反应性、且容易获得的丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。更优选促进醇的溶解、显示极为良好的反应性的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,醇与单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的使用比例没有特殊限制,相对于醇的羟基1摩尔,优选使用单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯0.4~10.0摩尔,更优选使用0.6~5.0摩尔。单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯少于0.4摩尔时,副反应增多。另外,多于10.0摩尔时,(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量减少,生产率差。
本发明的制造方法中的反应工序1可以不使用溶剂实施,但也可以根据需要使用溶剂。作为溶剂的具体例,可举出正己烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、正壬烷、正癸烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、二乙基苯、异丙基苯、戊基苯、二戊基苯、三戊基苯、十二烷基苯、双十二烷基苯、戊基甲苯、异丙基甲苯、萘烷基、萘满基等烃类;乙醚、二丙基醚、二异丙基醚、二丁基醚、二戊基醚、二乙基缩醛、二己基缩醛、叔丁基甲基醚、环戊基甲基醚、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、三烷、二烷、苯甲醚、二苯基醚、二甲基溶纤剂、二甘醇二甲醚、三甘醇二甲醚、四甘醇二甲醚等醚类;18-冠醚-6等冠醚类;甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、乙二醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、甘油等醇类;苯甲酸甲酯、γ-丁内酯等酯类;丙酮、丁酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、苯乙酮、二苯甲酮等酮类;环丁砜等砜类;二甲亚砜等亚砜类;碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸1,2-丁烯酯等碳酸酯化合物;脲类或其衍生物;三丁基氧化膦等氧化膦类;咪唑盐、哌啶盐、吡啶盐等离子液体;硅油、水等。这些溶剂中,优选烃类、醚类、醇类、碳酸酯化合物、离子液体。这些溶剂既可以单独使用,也可以任意组合2种以上作为混合溶剂使用。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,催化剂A为选自具有氮杂双环结构的环状叔胺或其盐或其配合物中的一种以上的化合物。
具有上述氮杂双环结构的环状叔胺或其盐或其配合物的具体例,可举出1-氮杂双环[1,1,0]丁烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[1,1,0]丁烷、1-氮杂双环[2,1,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[2,1,0]庚烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[2,1,0]庚烷、1-氮杂双环[2,2,0]己烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[2,2,0]己烷、1-氮杂双环[2,1,1]己烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[2,1,1]己烷、1-氮杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[2,2,1]庚烷、1-氮杂双环[3,2,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[3,2,0]庚烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[3,2,0]庚烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[3,2,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷、1-氮杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[3,2,1]辛烷、1-氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,1,1]辛烷、1-氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,2,0]辛烷、1-氮杂双环[3,3,1]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[3,3,1]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[3,3,1]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[3,3,1]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[3,2,2]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,2,1]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[5,2,0]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1,3-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1,4-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1,5-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1,6-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1,7-氮杂双环[5,1,1]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[6,1,0]壬烷、1-氮杂双环[7,1,0]癸烷、1,9-二氮杂双环[7,1,0]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[6,2,0]癸烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[6,2,0]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[6,1,1]癸烷、1,8-二氮杂双环[6,1,1]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[5,3,0]癸烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,3,0]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[5,2,1]癸烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,2,1]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[4,3,1]癸烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[4,3,1]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[4,2,2]癸烷、1,6-二氮杂双环[4,2,2]癸烷、1-氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,4,0]十一烷、1-氮杂双环[5,3,1]十一烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,3,1]十一烷、1-氮杂双环[5,2,2]十一烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[5,2,2]十一烷、1-氮杂双环[4,4,1]十一烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,4,1]十一烷、1-氮杂双环[4,3,2]十一烷、1,7-二氮杂双环[4,3,2]十一烷、1-氮杂双环[3,3,0]辛烷、1-氮杂双环[4,3,0]壬烷、奎宁环、羽扇豆烷、羽扇豆宁、喹嗪、3-羟基奎宁环、3-奎宁环酮、Quincorine、Quincoridine、辛可尼丁、辛可宁、奎尼辛、奎宁、去甲奎宁、伊波加因、斯烷宁、澳栗碱、米安色林、米氮平、坎那丁、特勒格碱(base)、1-氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷-3-羧酸、三乙二胺(别名DABCO)、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺、六亚甲基四胺、3-喹嗪酮盐酸盐、3-氯-1-氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷盐酸盐、辛可尼丁二盐酸盐、辛可宁盐酸盐水合物、辛可尼丁硫酸盐二水合物、氢化奎尼丁盐酸盐、辛可宁硫酸盐二水合物、奎宁盐酸盐二水合物、硫酸奎宁二水合物、奎宁磷酸盐、奎尼辛硫酸盐二水合物、米安色林盐酸盐、1,1'-(丁烷-1,4-二基)双[4-氮杂-1-氮双环[2,2,2]辛烷]二溴化物、1,1'-(癸烷-1,10-二基)双[4-氮杂-1-氮双环[2,2,2]辛烷]二溴化物、双(三甲基铝)-1,4-二氮杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷加成物、三氧化铋、奎宁环盐酸盐、3-奎宁环酮盐酸盐、3-羟基奎宁环盐酸盐、DABCO盐酸盐、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺盐酸盐、奎宁环乙酸盐、3-奎宁环酮乙酸盐、3-羟基奎宁环乙酸盐、DABCO乙酸盐、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺乙酸盐、奎宁环丙烯酸盐、3-奎宁环酮丙烯酸盐、3-羟基奎宁环丙烯酸盐、DABCO丙烯酸盐、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺丙烯酸盐等。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,可以将这些催化剂A单独使用或任意组合2种以上使用。在这些催化剂A中,优选奎宁环、3-奎宁环酮、3-羟基奎宁环、DABCO、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺,特别优选对几乎所有的醇均显示出良好的反应性、且容易获得的3-羟基奎宁环、DABCO、2-(羟甲基)三乙二胺。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,催化剂A的使用量没有特殊限制,相对于醇的羟基1摩尔,优选使用催化剂A 0.0001~0.5摩尔,更优选使用0.0005~0.2摩尔。少于0.0001摩尔时,目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多于0.5摩尔时,副产物增多,反应液的着色增加,因而反应结束后的精制工序变得复杂。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,催化剂B为选自含锌化合物中的一种以上的化合物,可举出:
下述通式(2)表示的含有有机酸锌的化合物;
[化2]
(式中,R3和R4可以相同或不同,为碳数1~20的直链或支链状烷基、碳数1~20的直链或支链状烯基、碳数6~24的芳基、或碳数5~20的环烷基,可具有取代基。其中,R3和R4不具有氟和氯等卤原子。);
下述通式(3)表示的含有二酮烯醇锌的化合物;
[化3]
(式中,R5、R6、R7、R8、R9和R10可以相同或不同,为碳数1~20的直链或支链状烷基、碳数1~20的直链或支链状烯基、碳数6~24的芳基、或碳数5~20的环烷基,可具有取代基。);
草酸锌等。
作为上述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物的具体例,可举出乙酸锌、乙酸锌二水合物、丙酸锌、辛酸锌、新癸酸锌、月桂酸锌、肉豆蔻酸锌、硬脂酸锌、环己烷丁酸锌、2-乙基己酸锌、苯甲酸锌、叔丁基苯甲酸锌、水杨酸锌、环烷酸锌、丙烯酸锌、甲基丙烯酸锌等。予以说明,对于这些含锌化合物,当存在其水合物、溶剂合物、或者与催化剂A的配合物时,该水合物、该溶剂合物、以及与催化剂A的配合物也可以作为本发明制造方法中的催化剂B使用。
作为上述通式(3)表示的含锌化合物的具体例,可举出乙酰丙酮锌、乙酰丙酮锌水合物、双(2,6-二甲基-3,5-庚二酮)锌、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮)锌、双(5,5-二甲基-2,4-己二酮)锌等。予以说明,对于这些含锌化合物,当存在其水合物、溶剂合物、或者与催化剂A的配合物时,该水合物、溶剂合物、以及与催化剂A的配合物也可以作为本发明制造方法中的催化剂B使用。
作为催化剂B中的有机酸锌和二酮烯醇锌,可直接使用上述的化合物,但也可以在反应体系内使这些化合物生成来使用。例如可举出使用金属锌、氧化锌、氢氧化锌、氯化锌和硝酸锌等其他锌化合物作为原料,在有机酸锌的场合使这些锌化合物与有机酸反应的方法,在二酮烯醇锌的场合使这些锌化合物与1,3-二酮反应的方法等。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,可以将这些催化剂B单独使用或任意组合2种以上使用。这些催化剂B中,优选乙酸锌、丙酸锌、丙烯酸锌、甲基丙烯酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌。特别优选对几乎所有的醇均显示出良好的反应性、且容易获得的乙酸锌、丙烯酸锌、乙酰丙酮锌。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,催化剂B的使用量没有特殊限制,相对于醇的羟基1摩尔,优选使用催化剂B 0.0001~0.5摩尔,更优选使用0.0005~0.2摩尔。少于0.0001摩尔时,目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多于0.5摩尔时,副产物增多,反应液的色调变差,因而反应结束后的精制工序变得复杂。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,催化剂A与催化剂B的使用比例没有特殊限制,相对于1摩尔催化剂B,优选使用催化剂A 0.005~10.0摩尔,更优选使用0.05~5.0摩尔。少于0.005摩尔时,目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多于10.0摩尔时,副产物增多,反应液的色调变差,因而反应结束后的精制工序变得复杂。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,并用的催化剂A和催化剂B最优选催化剂A为DABCO、催化剂B为乙酸锌和/或丙烯酸锌的组合。该组合可有效地获得(甲基)丙烯酸酯,除此以外,反应结束后的色调也优异,因此,可优选用于重视色调的各种工业用途。进而,该组合由于是可比较廉价获得的催化剂,因而在经济上有利。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,酯交换反应推测如图1所示的反应机制进行。首先,通过将催化剂A加成在单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的β位碳上,使得羰基氧原子上的电子密度增加,其进一步攻击其他单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的羰基碳,由此生成图1所示的反应中间体。推测,其后通过使该中间体与醇发生酯交换反应,由此生成了目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。推测此时,具有路易斯酸性的催化剂B通过将(甲基)丙烯酰基活化,促进图1所示的反应机制。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,使用的催化剂A和催化剂B既可以从上述反应的最初添加,也可以从中途添加。另外,既可以将期望的使用量汇总性地添加,也可以分批添加。另外,催化剂A和/或催化剂B为固体时,可以用溶剂溶解后添加。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,反应温度优选为40~180℃,特别优选为60~160℃。反应温度低于40℃时,反应速度极慢,反应温度超过180℃时,引起(甲基)丙烯酰基的热聚合,或反应液的色调变差,因此反应结束后的精制工序变得复杂。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,反应压力只要是能维持规定的反应温度,就没有特殊限制,既可以在减压状态下实施,也可以在加压状态下实施。通常为0.000001~10MPa(绝对压力)。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,随着酯交换反应的进行,副产出来自用作原料的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的一元醇。该一元醇虽然可以原样共存在反应体系内,但通过将该一元醇排出到反应体系外,可进一步促进酯交换反应的进行。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,为了良好地维持反应液的色调,可以向体系内导入氩、氦、氮和二氧化碳等非活性气体。另外,为了防止(甲基)丙烯酰基的聚合,可以向体系内导入含氧气体。作为含氧气体的具体例,可举出空气、氧和氮的混合气体、氧和氦的混合气体等。作为含氧气体的导入方法,可举出在反应液中溶存、或者向反应液中吹入(所谓的鼓泡)的方法。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序1中,为了防止(甲基)丙烯酰基的聚合,优选向体系内添加阻聚剂。作为阻聚剂的具体例,可举出对苯二酚、叔丁基对苯二酚、对苯二酚单甲基醚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚、4-叔丁基邻苯二酚、苯醌、吩噻嗪、N-亚硝基-N-苯基羟胺铵、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基、4-羟基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧基等有机系阻聚剂;氯化铜、硫酸铜和硫酸铁等无机系阻聚剂;二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸铜、N-亚硝基-N-苯基羟胺铝盐等有机盐系阻聚剂。阻聚剂可以单独添加一种,也可以任意组合2种以上添加。另外,阻聚剂既可以从反应的最初添加,也可以从中途添加。进而,阻聚剂可以将期望的使用量汇总性地添加,也可以分批添加。阻聚剂可以经由精馏塔连续地添加。作为阻聚剂的添加量,优选向反应液中添加5~30,000质量ppm,更优选添加25~10,000质量ppm。少于5质量ppm时,阻聚效果不充分,多于30,000质量ppm时,反应液的色调变差,或者得到的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的固化速度低下,因而反应结束后的精制工序变得复杂。
本发明制造方法中的反应工序1的反应时间根据催化剂的种类和使用量、反应温度、反应压力等的不同而不同,但通常为0.1~150小时、优选为0.5~80小时。
本发明制造方法中的反应工序1可以通过间歇式、半间歇式、连续式中的任一种方法实施。作为间歇式的一例,可举出以下方式:向反应器中装入醇、单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯、催化剂、阻聚剂,一边使含氧气体鼓泡入反应液中,一边在规定温度下搅拌。然后,随着酯交换反应的进行,副产出来自用作原料的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的一元醇。通过将该一元醇在规定压力下从反应器中抽出,可生成目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
通过对由本发明制造方法中的反应工序1得到的反应产物,实施以下操作:冷却晶析、浓缩晶析等晶析操作,加压过滤、吸滤、离心过滤等过滤操作,单式蒸馏、分馏、分子蒸馏、水蒸汽蒸馏等蒸馏操作;固液提取、液液提取等提取操作;组合有倾析等的分离精制操作,由此能够以高纯度获得目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。在该分离精制操作中,可以使用溶剂。另外,也可以使用用于中和本发明中使用的催化剂和/或阻聚剂的中和剂、和/或用于吸附除去的吸附剂、用于分解或除去副产物的酸和/或碱、用于改善色调的活性炭、用于提高过滤效率和过滤速度的硅藻土等。
接着,说明催化剂回收工序。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序为从上述反应工序1得到的反应产物中分离出含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的工序。分离方法没有特殊限制,可举出以下操作:冷却晶析、浓缩晶析等晶析操作;加压过滤、吸滤、离心过滤等过滤操作;单式蒸馏、分馏、分子蒸馏、水蒸汽蒸馏等蒸馏操作;固液提取、液液提取等提取操作;倾析等分离精制操作。它们既可以单独实施,也可以任意组合2种以上实施。在这些分离精制操作中,优选过滤操作、固液提取、倾析,更优选操作最简便的过滤操作。
在本发明制造方法的催化剂回收工序中,固体是指将反应工序1得到的反应产物投入到设置有过滤装置的过滤器中,实施过滤操作后在过滤装置上作为残渣而捕集到的物质。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序可以不使用溶剂而实施,但也可以根据需要使用溶剂。可以使用与反应工序1同样的溶剂,另外,也可以使用作为反应工序1的原料的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯作为溶剂。这些溶剂可以单独使用1种,也可以任意组合2种以上用作混合溶剂。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序的实施温度优选为-30℃至150℃。反应温度低于-30℃时,有时目标(甲基)丙烯酸酯析出,与含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的分离操作变得复杂。超过150℃时,有时引起(甲基)丙烯酰基的热聚合,或者将回收的该催化剂在反应工序2中使用时,反应产物的色调变差。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序的实施压力只要是能维持规定的反应温度,就没有特殊限制,既可以在减压状态下实施,也可以在加压状态下实施。通常为0.000001~10MPa(绝对压力)。
在本发明制造方法的催化剂回收工序中,为了良好地维持反应液的色调,可以向体系内导入氩、氦、氮和二氧化碳等非活性气体。另外,为了防止(甲基)丙烯酰基的聚合,可以向体系内导入含氧气体。作为含氧气体的具体例,可举出空气、氧和氮的混合气体、氧和氦的混合气体等。作为该气体的导入方法,可举出向反应产物中吹入(所谓的鼓泡)的方法、或者在进行加压过滤、吸滤等过滤操作时向气相部中导入的方法。
在本发明制造方法的催化剂回收工序中,为了防止(甲基)丙烯酰基的聚合,可以向体系内添加阻聚剂。可以使用与反应工序1相同的阻聚剂,可以单独使用1种,也可以任意组合2种以上使用。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序的实施时间没有特殊限制,通常为0.1~100小时,优选为0.5~70小时。
本发明制造方法中的催化剂回收工序可以通过间歇式、半间歇式、连续式中的任一种方法实施。作为间歇式过滤操作的一例,可举出如下方法:将由反应工序1得到的反应产物从上部投入到下部安装有过滤装置的间歇式加压过滤器中,向气相部导入含氧气体,使过滤器内的压力上升,然后,从过滤器底部的排出管经由过滤装置排出液部。由此,能够容易地分离回收过滤装置上捕集的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体。
在本发明制造方法的催化剂回收工序中分离回收的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体可以直接在反应工序2中使用,也可以用溶剂冲洗或者实施了加热干燥或真空干燥等干燥处理后在反应工序2中使用。
接着,说明反应工序2。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序2中,可以使用与反应工序1相同的醇、单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯和溶剂。关于优选的醇、优选的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯、优选的溶剂、以及它们的优选的使用比例等,也与反应工序1相同。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序2中,将催化剂回收工序中分离回收的含有催化剂A和催化剂B的固体作为催化剂使用,或者将含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体作为催化剂的一部分使用。也可以追加未经催化剂回收工序的新的催化剂A和/或催化剂B来实施。可使用的催化剂A和催化剂B与反应工序1相同,关于优选的催化剂A、优选的催化剂B、以及它们的优选的使用比例和添加方法,也与反应工序1相同。催化剂A和/或催化剂B优选使用经过催化剂回收工序而获得的回收催化剂10质量%以上,更优选使用40质量%以上,特别优选使用60质量%以上。
本发明制造方法的反应工序2可以在与反应工序1相同的反应温度、反应压力和反应时间下实施。关于优选的反应温度、优选的反应压力和优选的反应时间,也与反应工序1相同。另外,关于伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的一元醇,也与反应工序1同样地,既可以原样地共存在反应体系内,也可以通过将其排出到反应体系外来促进酯交换反应的进行。
在本发明制造方法的反应工序2中,与反应工序1同样地,可以向体系内导入气体,也可以添加阻聚剂。关于可使用的气体的种类、阻聚剂的种类、优选的阻聚剂的种类和添加量以及添加方法,也与反应工序1相同。
本发明制造方法的反应工序2可以与反应工序1同样地通过间歇式、半间歇式、连续式中的任一种方法来实施。另外,通过对反应产物实施与反应工序1相同的分离精制操作,能够以高纯度获得目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。在该分离精制操作中,可以使用溶剂,也可以使用用于中和本发明中使用的催化剂和/或阻聚剂的中和剂、和/或用于吸附除去的吸附剂、用于分解或除去副产物的酸和/或碱、用于改善色调的活性炭、用于提高过滤效率和过滤速度的硅藻土等。
本发明的制造方法可重复进行。即,可以重复进行以下工序:从反应体系中分离回收含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的催化剂回收工序、以及使用该回收的催化剂A和/或催化剂B来制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应工序2。
实施例
以下,举出实施例和比较例,更具体地说明本发明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。予以说明,以下中,只要没有特殊说明,“份”表示“质量份”,“%”表示“质量%”。
实施例和比较例中的反应收率通过对伴随酯交换反应进行而副产的一元醇(来自用作原料的单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯)进行定量,使用下述式来计算。予以说明,一元醇的定量使用具备差示折射率检测器的高效液相色谱(色谱柱:日本ウォーターズ株式会社制Atlantis(Part No.186003748,柱内径4.6mm,柱长度250mm)、溶剂:纯水或10体积%的异丙醇水溶液),采用内标法实施。
反应收率(摩尔%)=伴随酯交换反应进行而副产的一元醇的摩尔数/(用作原料的醇的摩尔数×用作原料的醇分子所具有的醇性羟基数)×100
实施例和比较例中的精制收率通过使用对酯交换反应结束后的反应产物实施蒸馏、晶析、过滤等分离精制操作后得到的含有目标(甲基)丙烯酸酯的精制处理物的质量来计算。
精制收率(%)=含有目标(甲基)丙烯酸酯的精制处理物(份)/(用作原料的醇所具有的醇性羟基全部被(甲基)丙烯酸酯化时生成的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的分子量×用作原料的醇的摩尔数)×100
在实施例和比较例中,目标(甲基)丙烯酸酯含有在反应产物和精制处理物中的确认使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱(色谱柱:日本ウォーターズ株式会社制ACQUITYUPLC BEH C18(Part No.186002350,柱内径2.1mm,柱长度50mm)、检测波长:210nm、溶剂:0.03质量%的三氟乙酸水溶液和甲醇的混合溶剂)来进行。
在实施例的催化剂回收工序中分离回收的含有催化剂A和/或催化剂B的固体的分析方法如下所述。
1H-NMR测定使用Bruker公司制AVANCEIII实施。频率为400MHz,测定温度为23℃,测定溶剂使用氘代DMSO。
CHN元素分析使用ヤナコテクニカルサイエンス株式会社制CHNコーダーMT-5实施。
Zn含量的分析通过使用スペクトロ社制SPECTRO ARCOS SOP的ICP发光分析来进行。
<实施例1>
(反应工序1和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的1升烧瓶中装入季戊四醇69.33份(0.51摩尔)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO2.038份(0.018摩尔)、作为催化剂B的乙酸锌3.260份(0.018摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚1.56份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为2036质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。一边在反应液温度105~120℃的范围加热搅拌,一边将反应体系内的压力调节至130~760mmHg的范围,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的2-甲氧基乙醇和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管而从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的2-甲氧基乙醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到30小时后,反应收率达到88%,因此,结束反应液的加热的同时,将反应体系内的压力恢复到常压而结束排出(抽出)。
对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出3.89份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~95℃、压力0.001~100mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱,进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果,确认含有季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为96%。结果示于表1。
分析由伴随反应工序1的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,结果,该固体的主成分确认为由作为催化剂A的DABCO与作为上述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物的催化剂B以1:2(摩尔比)的比例形成的配合物。记载了分析结果和该配合物的结构式(4)。
1H-NMR分析(氘代DMSO):δ6.03ppm(m、6H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ5.55ppm(m、3H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ2.85ppm(s、12H、N-CH2CH2-N)、δ1.78ppm(s、3H、CH3CO-)
元素分析:C17H24O8N2Zn2计算值:C,39.64;H,4.70;O,24.85;N,5.44;Zn,25.38%。实测值:C,39.80;H,4.80;O,25.44;N,5.70;Zn,24.26%。
[化4]
(反应工序2和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的1升烧瓶中装入季戊四醇69.33份(0.51摩尔)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO1.233份(0.011摩尔)、作为催化剂B的乙酸锌0.625份(0.003摩尔)、由催化剂回收工序得到的固体3.699份(作为催化剂A,0.007摩尔;作为催化剂B,0.014摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚1.56份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为2035质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。一边在反应液温度105~120℃的范围加热搅拌,一边将反应体系内的压力调整至130~760mmHg的范围,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的2-甲氧基乙醇和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的2-甲氧基乙醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到30小时后,反应收率达到89%,因此,结束反应液的加热的同时,将反应体系内的压力恢复到常压而结束排出。
对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出3.98份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~95℃、压力0.001~100mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果确认,含有季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯和季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为97%。结果示于表1。
分析由伴随反应工序2的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,结果,该固体的主成分确认为由作为催化剂A的DABCO与作为上述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物的催化剂B以1:2(摩尔比)的比例形成的配合物。记载了分析结果和该配合物的结构式(5)。
另外,使用该固体作为催化剂,重复反应工序2和催化剂回收工序,结果示于表1。
1H-NMR分析(氘代DMSO):δ6.03ppm(m、8H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ5.55ppm(m、4H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ2.85ppm(s、12H、N-CH2CH2-N)
元素分析:C18H24O8N2Zn2计算值:C,41.01;H,4.59;O,24.28;N,5.31;Zn,24.81%。实测值:C,41.18;H,4.69;O,24.86;N,5.57;Zn,23.71%。
[化5]
<实施例2>
(反应工序1和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的1升烧瓶中装入二季戊四醇86.33份(0.34摩尔)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO4.077份(0.036摩尔)、作为催化剂B的乙酸锌6.520份(0.036摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚1.63份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为2061质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。一边在反应液温度120~145℃的范围加热搅拌,一边将反应体系内的压力调整至250~760mmHg的范围,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的2-甲氧基乙醇和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的2-甲氧基乙醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到24小时后,反应收率达到86%,因此,结束反应液的加热的同时,将反应体系内的压力恢复到常压而结束排出。对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出8.38份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~95℃、压力0.001~100mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果确认,含有二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为99%。结果示于表2。
分析由伴随反应工序1的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,结果,该固体的主成分确认为由作为催化剂A的DABCO与作为上述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物的催化剂B以1:2(摩尔比)的比例形成的配合物。另外,该配合物确认为上述结构式(5)。
(反应工序2和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的1升烧瓶中装入二季戊四醇86.33份(0.34摩尔)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO2.382份(0.021摩尔)、作为催化剂B的乙酸锌0.975份(0.005摩尔)、由催化剂回收工序得到的固体7.965份(作为催化剂A,0.015摩尔;作为催化剂B,0.030摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚1.63份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为2059质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。一边在反应液温度120~145℃的范围加热搅拌,一边将反应体系内的压力调整至250~760mmHg的范围,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的2-甲氧基乙醇和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的2-甲氧基乙醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到24小时后,反应收率达到87%,因此,结束反应液的加热的同时,将反应体系内的压力恢复到常压而结束排出。对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出8.38份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~95℃、压力0.001~100mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果确认,含有二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯和二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为99%。结果示于表2。
分析由伴随反应工序2的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,结果确认,与伴随反应工序1的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体同样地,以上述结构式(5)表示的配合物为主要成分。使用该固体作为催化剂,重复反应工序2和催化剂回收工序,结果示于表2。
<实施例3>
(反应工序1和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的300ml烧瓶中装入二甘醇单乙烯基醚85.00份(0.64摩尔)、丙烯酸甲酯110.67份(1.29摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO1.082份(0.010摩尔)、作为催化剂B的丙烯酸锌4.004份(0.019摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚0.053份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为265质量ppm)、吩噻嗪0.025份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为123质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。在反应液温度85~105℃的范围进行加热搅拌,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的甲醇和丙烯酸甲酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸甲酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的甲醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到25小时后,反应收率达到90%,因而结束反应液的加热。对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出4.32份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~80℃、压力0.001~700mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸甲酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱,进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果确认,含有丙烯酸2-(2-乙烯氧基乙氧基)乙酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为98%。结果示于表3。
分析由伴随反应工序1的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,该固体的主成分确认为由作为催化剂A的DABCO与作为上述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物的催化剂B以1:2(摩尔比)的比例形成的配合物。另外,该配合物确认为上述结构式(5)。
(反应工序2和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的300ml烧瓶中装入二甘醇单乙烯基醚85.00份(0.64摩尔)、丙烯酸甲酯110.67份(1.29摩尔)、作为催化剂A的DABCO0.195份(0.002摩尔)、作为催化剂B的丙烯酸锌0.721份(0.003摩尔)、由催化剂回收工序得到的固体4.170份(作为催化剂A,0.008摩尔;作为催化剂B,0.016摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚0.053份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为265质量ppm)、吩噻嗪0.025份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为123质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。在反应液温度85~105℃的范围进行加热搅拌,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的甲醇和丙烯酸甲酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸甲酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的甲醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到25小时后,反应收率达到91%,因而结束反应液的加热。对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却到室温后,通过加压过滤而分离出4.37份固体。一边在过滤后的滤液中鼓泡入干燥空气,一边在温度70~80℃、压力0.001~700mmHg的范围,进行8小时的减压蒸馏,分离出含有未反应的丙烯酸甲酯的馏出液。使用具备UV检测器的高效液相色谱,进行减压蒸馏后的釜液的组成分析,结果确认,含有丙烯酸2-(2-乙烯氧基乙氧基)乙酯作为主要成分。将该釜液视为精制处理物而计算出的精制收率为98%。结果示于表3。
分析由伴随反应工序2的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体,结果确认,与伴随反应工序1的催化剂回收工序的过滤分离而得到的固体同样地,以上述结构式(5)表示的配合物为主成分。使用该固体作为催化剂,重复反应工序2和催化剂回收工序,结果示于表3。
示出重复5次实施例中的反应工序和与之相伴的催化剂回收工序的结果,可知,通过极其简便的过滤操作回收催化剂,即使使用该回收催化剂重复反应工序,也能在不降低催化剂性能的情况下高收率地获得目标的(甲基)丙烯酸酯。另外可知,与不使用回收催化剂而仅使用新的催化剂A和B来实施5次反应工序1的情况相比,所需要的催化剂A和催化剂B的总量大幅减少,本发明的制造方法是与以往技术相比经济上极为有利的方法。
<比较例1>
(反应工序1和催化剂回收工序)
向安装有搅拌机、温度计、气体导入管、精馏塔和冷凝管的1升烧瓶中装入季戊四醇97.07份(0.71摩尔)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯668.81份(5.14摩尔)、作为催化剂A的N-甲基咪唑2.479份(0.030摩尔)、作为催化剂B的乙酸锌6.155份(0.034摩尔)、对苯二酚单甲基醚1.22份(相对于装入原料的总质量,为1573质量ppm),使含氧气体(氧5体积%、氮95体积%)鼓泡入反应液中。一边在反应液温度105~120℃的范围加热搅拌,一边将反应体系内的压力调整至130~760mmHg的范围,将伴随酯交换反应的进行而副产的2-甲氧基乙醇和丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的混合液经由精馏塔和冷凝管从反应体系中排出。另外,向反应体系中随时追加与该排出液相同质量份的丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。对从反应体系的排出液中含有的2-甲氧基乙醇进行定量,结果,从加热搅拌开始到20小时后,反应收率达到89%,因此,结束反应液的加热的同时,将反应体系内的压力恢复到常压而结束排出。
对得到的反应产物进行催化剂回收工序,将反应液冷却至5℃,但确认没有固体生成。进而,向反应液中投入100g正己烷,仍然确认没有固体生成,不能回收催化剂。
<比较例2~3>
改变催化剂A、催化剂B,采用与比较例1同样的方法,实施反应工序1和催化剂回收工序。虽然在反应工序1中酯交换反应进行,但在催化剂回收工序中确认没有固体生成,不能回收催化剂。结果示于表4。
[表4]
产业实用性
根据本发明的方法,可由醇和单官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯高收率地获得(甲基)丙烯酸酯。通过本发明方法得到的(甲基)丙烯酸酯可以作为涂料、油墨、粘接剂、光学透镜、填充剂和成形材料等的配合物的交联成分,或者作为反应性稀释剂成分,适用于各种工业用途。
Claims (6)
1.(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,包括以下工序:
反应工序1:并用下述催化剂A和下述催化剂B,使具有3个以上醇性羟基的多元醇与分子中具有1个(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序,
催化剂A:三亚乙基二胺或2-(羟甲基)三亚乙基二胺,
催化剂B:下述通式(2)表示的含锌化合物,
式中,R3和R4可以相同或不同,为碳数1~20的直链或支链状烷基、或碳数1~20的直链或支链状烯基,其中,R3和R4不具有卤原子;
催化剂回收工序:从上述反应工序1得到的含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反应产物中分离出含有催化剂A和催化剂B的固体的工序;
反应工序2:使用从上述催化剂回收工序中回收的含有催化剂A和催化剂B的固体作为催化剂或催化剂的一部分,使具有3个以上醇性羟基的多元醇与分子中具有1个(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯发生酯交换反应,制造(甲基)丙烯酸酯的工序。
2.权利要求1所述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其中,上述醇为三羟甲基乙烷、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、甘油的环氧烷加成物、三(2-羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯、三乙醇胺、双三羟甲基乙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、二甘油的环氧烷加成物、季戊四醇、季戊四醇的环氧烷加成物、木糖醇、二季戊四醇、二季戊四醇的环氧烷加成物、D-山梨糖醇、和聚甘油中的任一种。
3.权利要求2所述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其中,上述聚甘油为二甘油。
4.权利要求2所述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其中,上述醇为季戊四醇或二季戊四醇。
5.权利要求1或2所述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其中,上述分子中具有1个(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯中的任一种。
6.权利要求5所述的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的制造方法,其中,上述分子中具有1个(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯为丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯。
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WO2017033611A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 多官能(メタ)アクリレートの製造方法 |
TWI796324B (zh) * | 2017-03-09 | 2023-03-21 | 日商東亞合成股份有限公司 | (甲基)丙烯酸酯的製造方法 |
JP6911620B2 (ja) * | 2017-08-03 | 2021-07-28 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 硬化型組成物 |
KR102379597B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-03-29 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 여과막을 이용한 유기 아연 촉매의 분리 방법 |
CN114249647B (zh) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-05-03 | 广东希必达新材料科技有限公司 | 一种制备2-乙烯氧基乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯的方法及装置 |
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JPS603292B2 (ja) * | 1977-02-28 | 1985-01-26 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | アクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステルの製造法 |
JPH05154515A (ja) * | 1991-11-29 | 1993-06-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 圧延ロール研磨方法 |
JPH06234699A (ja) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-08-23 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | (メタ)アクリル酸エステル類の製法 |
FR2747596B1 (fr) * | 1996-04-19 | 1998-06-05 | Atochem Elf Sa | Procede de regeneration de catalyseurs au zirconium et procede de preparation de (meth)acrylates integrant une telle regeneration du catalyseur |
JP3943180B2 (ja) * | 1997-02-18 | 2007-07-11 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アリルエーテル化合物の製造方法 |
JP4656351B2 (ja) | 2000-03-01 | 2011-03-23 | Dic株式会社 | エステル交換反応によるエステルの製造方法 |
JP4754712B2 (ja) | 2000-06-16 | 2011-08-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 脂環式(メタ)アリルエステルモノマーの製造方法、脂環式(メタ)アリルエステル化合物、該化合物の製造方法、該化合物を含有するプラスチックレンズ用組成物、該組成物を硬化してなるプラスチックレンズ及びその製造方法 |
JP2003190819A (ja) | 2001-09-28 | 2003-07-08 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | エステル交換触媒の回収方法 |
JP2003171345A (ja) * | 2001-12-05 | 2003-06-20 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | エステル交換反応法、及びこれに用いる新規触媒 |
JP2003286226A (ja) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-10 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | エステル交換反応方法、及びエステル交換反応触媒 |
JP2005075973A (ja) | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-24 | Showa Denko Kk | オリゴ(メタ)アクリレート含有組成物の製造方法、該製造方法により得られるオリゴ(メタ)アクリレート含有組成物、該組成物の硬化方法および該硬化方法により得られる硬化物 |
JP2005298404A (ja) | 2004-04-12 | 2005-10-27 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | カルボン酸エステルの製造方法 |
FR2909377A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-05 | 2008-06-06 | Arkema France | Procede de synthese d'esters (meth)acryliques catalyse par un titanate de polyol |
JP5801296B2 (ja) | 2010-05-24 | 2015-10-28 | 株式会社日本触媒 | α位置換アクリル酸エステル類及びそれを含む組成物、並びに、それらの製造方法 |
GB201009969D0 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2010-07-21 | Ecosynth Bvba | Transesterification process using mixed salt acetylacetonates catalysts |
JP5592330B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-07 | 2014-09-17 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 仮接着剤組成物、及びそれを用いた薄型ウエハの製造方法 |
CN102850155B (zh) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-07-08 | 上海和创化学股份有限公司 | 甲基丙烯酸酯类产品的制备方法 |
JP6273539B2 (ja) * | 2014-04-16 | 2018-02-07 | 東亞合成株式会社 | 多官能(メタ)アクリレートの製造方法 |
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KR102614203B1 (ko) | 2023-12-14 |
TW201708179A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
US20180105483A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
TWI695828B (zh) | 2020-06-11 |
US10065916B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
EP3269700A4 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
KR20170128396A (ko) | 2017-11-22 |
WO2016143677A1 (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
CN107406363A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
EP3269700A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
JP6643546B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
JPWO2016143677A1 (ja) | 2018-03-22 |
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