TWI695828B - (甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法 - Google Patents
(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI695828B TWI695828B TW105107204A TW105107204A TWI695828B TW I695828 B TWI695828 B TW I695828B TW 105107204 A TW105107204 A TW 105107204A TW 105107204 A TW105107204 A TW 105107204A TW I695828 B TWI695828 B TW I695828B
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- acrylate
- meth
- reaction
- alcohol
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 172
- -1 cyclic tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C=C HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 15
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate group Chemical group C(C(=C)C)(=O)[O-] CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002920 sorbitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003410 quininyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BSRUJCFCZKMFMB-YGHPHNMRSA-N 3-hydroxyquinine Chemical group C([C@H]([C@@](C1)(O)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 BSRUJCFCZKMFMB-YGHPHNMRSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(=O)C=C ARJOQCYCJMAIFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 21
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Natural products OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 16
- 239000012973 diazabicyclooctane Substances 0.000 description 16
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N quinidine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-LHHVKLHASA-N 0.000 description 11
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 10
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-methoxyphenol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NWVVVBRKAWDGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 7
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- BSRUJCFCZKMFMB-LGWHJFRWSA-N (2r,4s,5s)-5-ethenyl-2-[(s)-hydroxy-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methyl]-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-ol Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@@](C1)(O)C=C)C2)CN1[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 BSRUJCFCZKMFMB-LGWHJFRWSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N stevioside Natural products CC1(CCCC2(C)C3(C)CCC4(CC3(CCC12C)CC4=C)OC5OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C5OC6OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C6O)C(=O)OC7OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C7O OHHNJQXIOPOJSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019202 steviosides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- FXUAIOOAOAVCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N swainsonine Natural products C1CCC(O)C2C(O)C(O)CN21 FXUAIOOAOAVCGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005566 swainsonine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1CCCO1 BSYVTEYKTMYBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HSTZMXCBWJGKHG-CUYWLFDKSA-N trans-piceid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=CC(O)=CC(\C=C\C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=C1 HSTZMXCBWJGKHG-CUYWLFDKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940074410 trehalose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074409 trehalose dihydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- SXPSZIHEWFTLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tröger's base Chemical compound C12=CC=C(C)C=C2CN2C3=CC=C(C)C=C3CN1C2 SXPSZIHEWFTLEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004704 ultra performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002485 urinary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N zafuleptine Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(C(C)C)NCC1=CC=C(F)C=C1 YZYKBQUWMPUVEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Zn++].CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940098697 zinc laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940105125 zinc myristate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940057977 zinc stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O IFNXAMCERSVZCV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KVSXXOUZYJZCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;4-cyclohexylbutanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)CCCC1CCCCC1.[O-]C(=O)CCCC1CCCCC1 KVSXXOUZYJZCPY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibenzoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JDLYKQWJXAQNNS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dodecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GPYYEEJOMCKTPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;octanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O CHJMFFKHPHCQIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;oxalate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZPEJZWGMHAKWNL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O.CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O NHXVNEDMKGDNPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBFLQPIIIRJQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;tetradecanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GBFLQPIIIRJQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N {4-[(Vinyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl}methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(COC=C)CC1 INRGAWUQFOBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
依據本發明,提供包含以下之步驟的(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法:(反應步驟1)合併使用下述觸媒A及下述觸媒B,並且使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟,觸媒A:選自具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,觸媒B:選自包含鋅之化合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,(觸媒回收步驟)自包含前述反應步驟1或反應步驟所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反應生成物中,分離包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體的步驟,(反應步驟2)將包含以前述觸媒回收步驟所得之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體作為觸媒或觸媒一部分來使用,使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟。
Description
本發明係關於一種(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法。詳而言之,係關於一種(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其特徵為使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製得(甲基)丙烯酸酯。特別係關於所使用之觸媒的回收再利用。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯係藉由紫外線或電子束等之活性能量線的照射、或藉由加熱而會硬化,因此大量使用作為塗料、油墨、接著劑、光學透鏡、填充劑及成形材料等之摻合物的交聯成分、或作為反應性稀釋劑成分。
特別是具有3個以上之(甲基)丙烯醯基的多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯,因為其硬化物會展現高硬度與優良的耐磨耗性,故大量使用作為硬塗覆塗料之摻合成分。
作為該多官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯,已知有三羥甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、甘油三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二-三羥甲
基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇五(甲基)丙烯酸酯、二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯、三季戊四醇八(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
此等之(甲基)丙烯酸酯係藉由對應之醇與(甲基)丙烯酸之酯化反應、或酯交換反應而製造。
藉由酯化反應之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造中,可使用
作為觸媒之硫酸、對甲苯基磺酸、甲磺酸等之磺酸。然而,自酯化反應結束後所得之反應粗生成物中除去該磺酸,故必須以鹼水溶液進行萃取洗淨,步驟為繁雜且生產性降低為顯著。又,該萃取操作中目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之一部分藉由皂化,具有產率降低之問題。
一方面,藉由酯交換反應之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造中,不使用磺酸亦可進行反應。例如,已知將有機錫化合物作為觸媒之方法(參照專利文獻1)、合併使用鋅化合物與有機磷化合物作為觸媒之方法(參照專利文獻2)、將具有鏻構造的凝膠狀苯乙烯系聚合物或凝膠狀聚矽氧烷系聚合物作為觸媒之方法,該鏻構造係具備配位於包含特定的金屬原子的金屬化合物之構造(參考專利文獻3)等。此等之方法中,由經濟性及環境負荷之觀點看來,要求回收觸媒、進行再利用。
藉由酯交換反應之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造中,揭示將觸媒作為回收.再利用之方法、將有機錫化合物作為觸媒之方法(參照專利文獻1)。然而,專利文獻1中,為了回收觸媒,藉由溫水實施多次萃取操作後,必定更進
一步進行脫水操作,步驟為繁雜且生產性之降低為顯著。
又,專利文獻3中記載,可將反應結束後之觸媒藉由過濾而分離。然而,必定將具有特述的構造之聚合物經由繁雜的步驟且調製,難以說為經濟上有利的製造方法。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2003-190819號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特許第4656351號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開2003-286226號公報
本發明係有鑑於上述現狀而為者,其目標為將於(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造中回收觸媒,且再度將該回收觸媒於(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造使用之方法中,無需將繁雜的回收操作或特殊的聚合物之調製,以極為簡單的方法回收觸媒.進行再利用,以經濟上有利的方法得到之產率佳之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
本發明者等人為了解決上述課題進行努力探討。其結果,發現使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應來製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯時,藉由合併使用下述觸媒
A及下述觸媒B,自酯交換反應後之反應生成物將觸媒A及/或觸媒B作為固體,以極為簡單的操作可分離回收。再者,將所分離回收之固體使用作為觸媒或觸媒之一部分,即使進行醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯之酯交換反應,未見觸媒性能降低,以經濟上有利的方法,得到之產率佳之(甲基)丙烯酸酯(甲基)丙烯酸酯,而完成本發明。
即,本發明係包含以下之步驟的(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法:(反應步驟1)合併使用下述觸媒A及下述觸媒B,並且使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟,觸媒A:選自具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,觸媒B:選自包含鋅之化合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,(觸媒回收步驟)自包含以前述反應步驟1所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反應生成物中,分離包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體的步驟,(反應步驟2)將包含以前述觸媒回收步驟所回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體作為觸媒或觸媒一部分來使用,使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟。
又,本發明中「(甲基)丙烯酸酯」係意指於反應步驟1或反應步驟2中所得之反應生成物中包含之作為
目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯依據使用之醇之羥基數,成為單官能、2官能或多官能。本發明中「單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯」係意指作為原料使用之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
依照本發明之製造方法,可得到產率佳之(甲基)丙烯酸酯同時,以簡便的方法進行回收觸媒,不會引起觸媒性能之降低可再利用。藉由本發明之製造方法所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯係可使用適合於各種工業用途作為塗料、油墨、接著劑、光學透鏡、填充劑及成形材料等之摻合物的交聯成分、或作為反應性稀釋劑成分。
[圖1]表示本發明中之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法的反應機構之概略圖。
本發明係包含以下之步驟的(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法:
(反應步驟1)合併使用下述觸媒A及下述觸媒B,並且使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟,
觸媒A:選自具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,觸媒B:選自包含鋅之化合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物。
(觸媒回收步驟)自包含以前述反應步驟1所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反應生成物中,分離包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體的步驟,
(反應步驟2)將包含以前述觸媒回收步驟所回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體作為觸媒或觸媒一部分來使用,使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟。
以下,詳細地說明本發明。
最初對於反應步驟1進行說明。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中作為原料所使用之醇,為分子中具有至少1個以上之醇性羥基的脂肪族醇、脂環式醇、芳香族醇、多元醇醚等。該醇亦可於分子內具有其他官能基或鍵結,例如酚性羥基、酮基、醯基、醛基、硫醇基、胺基、亞胺基、氰基、硝基、醚鍵、酯鍵、碳酸酯鍵、醯胺鍵、醯亞胺鍵、胜肽鍵、胺基甲酸酯鍵、縮醛鍵、半縮醛鍵、半縮酮鍵等。
具有1個醇性羥基之1元醇的具體例子,可列舉乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇單甲基醚、二乙二醇單乙基醚、三乙二醇單甲基醚、四乙二醇單甲基醚、聚乙二醇單甲基醚、二丙二醇單甲基醚、三丙二醇單丁基醚、聚丙
二醇單乙基醚、1,6-己二醇單甲基醚、1,6-己二醇單乙基醚、四亞甲二醇單甲基醚、四亞甲二醇單乙基醚、聚四亞甲二醇單甲基醚、聚四亞甲二醇單乙基醚、縮水甘油、2-(2-氯乙氧基)乙醇、2-(2-二甲基胺基乙氧基)乙醇、2-乙基己醇之環氧烷改質物等之分子內具有醚鍵之一元醇;2-羥基乙基乙烯基醚(別名乙二醇單乙烯基醚)、3-羥基丙基乙烯基醚、2-羥基丙基乙烯基醚、2-羥基異丙基乙烯基醚、4-羥基丁基乙烯基醚、3-羥基丁基乙烯基醚、2-羥基丁基乙烯基醚、3-羥基異丁基乙烯基醚、2-羥基異丁基乙烯基醚、1-甲基-3-羥基丙基乙烯基醚、1-甲基-2-羥基丙基乙烯基醚、1-羥基甲基丙基乙烯基醚、4-羥基環己基乙烯基醚、1,6-己二醇單乙烯基醚、四亞甲二醇單乙烯基醚、聚四亞甲二醇單乙烯基醚1,4-環己烷二甲醇單乙烯基醚、1,3-環己烷二甲醇單乙烯基醚、1,2-環己烷二甲醇單乙烯基醚、異山梨醇單乙烯基醚、p-二甲苯二醇單乙烯基醚、m-二甲苯二醇單乙烯基醚、o-二甲苯二醇單乙烯基醚、二乙二醇單乙烯基醚、三乙二醇單乙烯基醚、四乙二醇單乙烯基醚、五乙二醇單乙烯基醚、寡乙二醇單乙烯基醚、聚乙二醇單乙烯基醚、二丙二醇單乙烯基醚、三丙二醇單乙烯基醚、四丙二醇單乙烯基醚、五丙二醇單乙烯基醚、寡丙二醇單乙烯基醚、聚丙二醇單乙烯基醚、乙二醇-丙二醇共聚物單乙烯基醚等之分子內具有乙烯基與醚鍵之一元醇;三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯醇(別名羥基二環戊二烯)、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸醇、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基乙醇、三環
[5.2.1.02,6]癸氧基乙醇、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基丙醇、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸氧基丙醇、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸烯氧基乙氧基乙醇、三環[5.2.1.02,6]癸氧基乙氧基乙醇、4-羥基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-羥基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶、氧雜環丁烷基甲醇、四氫呋喃甲醇、四氫吡喃醇、1,4-環己烷二甲醇單甲基醚、1,3-環己烷二甲醇單甲基醚、1,2-環己烷二甲醇單甲基醚、異山梨醇單甲基醚、異山梨醇單乙基醚、2,3-O-sec-亞丁基甘油、5-乙基-5-(羥基甲基)-1,3-二噁烷、α-羥基-γ-丁內酯、甘油1,2-碳酸酯、1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-基甲醇、2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧雜環戊烷-4-甲醇、β-羥基-γ-丁內酯、α-羥基甲基-γ-丁內酯、β-羥基甲基-γ-丁內酯等之具有環構造之一元醇;苄醇、苯氧基乙醇、苯氧基丙醇、p-二甲苯二醇單甲基醚、m-二甲苯二醇單甲基醚、o-二甲苯二醇單甲基醚、酚之環氧烷改質物、o-苯基酚之環氧烷改質物、對異丙苯基酚之環氧烷改質物、壬基酚之環氧烷改質物等之具有芳香環之醇等。
具有2個醇性羥基之2元醇的具體例子,可列舉乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、三亞甲二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、聚丙二醇、丁二醇、戊二醇、己二醇、庚二醇、壬二醇、新戊二醇、環己二醇、環己烷二甲醇、二噁烷二醇、N-甲基二乙醇胺、N-乙基二乙醇胺、N-丁基二乙醇胺、N-tert-丁基二乙醇胺、N-月桂基二乙醇胺、硬脂基二乙醇胺、N-苯基二乙醇胺、m-甲苯基二乙醇胺、p-甲苯基二乙醇胺、N,N’-雙(2-羥基丙
基)苯胺、N-亞硝基二乙醇胺、N-(2-羥基乙基)乳醯胺、N,N’-雙(2-羥基乙基)草醯胺、3-嗎啉基-1,2-丙二醇、2,6-吡啶二甲醇、3-(二甲基胺基)-1,2-丙二醇、3-(二乙基胺基)-1,2-丙二醇、尿偶嘌呤二水合物、(+)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-L-酒石酸二醯胺、(-)-N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-D-酒石酸二醯胺、N-丙基-N-(2,3-二羥基丙基)全氟-n-辛基磺醯胺、胸苷、氯黴素、甲磺氯黴素、D-赤酮酸內酯、甲基4,6-O-亞苄基-α-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、苯基4,6-O-亞苄基-1-硫代-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、1,2:5,6-二-O-異亞丙基-D-甘露醇、1,2-O-異亞丙基-α-D-呋喃木糖、2,6-二-O-棕櫚醯基-L-抗壞血酸、異山梨醇及此等之環氧烷加成物;進而可列舉氫醌、雙酚A、雙酚AP、雙酚AF、雙酚B、雙酚BP、雙酚C、雙酚E、雙酚F、雙酚G、雙酚M、雙酚S、硫代雙酚、雙酚P、雙酚PH、雙酚TMC及雙酚Z等之具有酚性羥基之化合物的環氧烷加成物、聚碳酸酯二醇等之具有碳酸酯鍵之醇等。
具有3個醇性羥基之3元醇的具體例子,可列舉三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、甘油、參(2-羥基乙基)三聚異氰酸酯、己三醇、辛三醇、癸三醇、三乙醇胺、三異丙醇胺、1-[雙2-(羥基乙基)胺基]-2-丙醇、D-泛醇(D-panthenol)、DL-泛醇、尿苷、5-甲基尿苷、胞苷、肌苷、腺苷、白黴素A3、白黴素A4、白黴素A6、白黴素A8、鹽酸克林達黴素一水合物、去氫皮質醇(prednisolone)、甲基β-D-阿拉伯吡喃糖苷、甲基β-L-海
藻吡喃糖苷、甲基α-L-海藻吡喃糖苷、D-半乳醛、4-甲氧基苯基3-O-烯丙基-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、4-甲氧基苯基3-O-苄基-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、1,6-脫水-β-D-葡萄糖、α-氯醛糖、β-氯醛糖、4,6-O-亞乙基-α-D-葡萄吡喃糖、D-葡糖醛、1,2-O-異亞丙基-α-D-葡萄呋喃糖、D-葡糖醛酸-6,3-內酯、2-去氧-D-核糖、甲基β-D-核呋喃糖苷、D-(+)-核糖酸-1,4-內酯、甲基-β-D-木吡喃糖苷、6-O-棕櫚醯基-L-抗壞血酸、6-O-硬脂醯基-L-抗壞血酸、3-O-乙基-L-抗壞血酸及此等之環氧烷加成物等。
具有4個醇性羥基之4元醇的具體例子,可列舉二-三羥甲基乙烷、二-三羥甲基丙烷、二甘油、季戊四醇、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基乙基)丁二醯胺、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基丙基)丁二醯胺、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基乙基)己二醯胺、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基丙基)己二醯胺、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基乙基)乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-肆(2-羥基丙基)乙二胺、N-己醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-戊醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-三氟乙醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-苄醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、5-乙醯胺-N,N’-雙(2,3-二羥基丙基)-2,4,6-三碘間苯二甲醯胺、史黴素、克拉黴素、白黴素A1、白黴素A5、白黴素A7、白黴素A9、白黴素A13、林可黴素鹽酸鹽一水合物、重氮烷基尿素(diazolidinyl urea)、D-(-)-阿拉伯糖、DL-阿拉伯糖、L-(+)-阿拉伯糖、meso-赤藻糖醇、D-(+)-海藻糖、L-(-)-海藻糖、烯丙基α-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、甲基β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、甲基α-D-半乳吡喃糖苷一水合物、4-甲氧基苯基
β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、2-硝基苯基β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、4-硝基苯基α-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、4-硝基苯基β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、苯基β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷、N-乙醯基-D-半乳糖胺水合物、D-(+)-半乳糖胺鹽酸鹽、熊果素、2-去氧-D-葡萄糖、七葉苷1.5水合物、D-(+)-葡糖酸-1,5-內酯、D-葡糖醛醯胺、柳醛苷、甲基α-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、甲基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷0.5水合物、4-甲氧基苯基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、4-硝基苯基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷一水合物、4-硝基苯基α-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、壬基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、n-辛基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷、苯基β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷水合物、根皮苷水合物、白藜蘆醇苷(piceid)、葛根素(puerarin)、N-乙醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-苄醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、D-(+)-葡萄糖胺鹽酸鹽、N-己醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、N-戊醯基-D-葡萄糖胺、L-(+)-古洛糖酸γ-內酯、D-(-)-來蘇糖、L-(+)-來蘇糖、3,4-O-異亞丙基-D-甘露醇、甲基α-D-甘露吡喃糖苷、D-甘露糖酸-1,4-內酯、4-甲氧基苯基α-D-甘露吡喃糖苷、N-乙醯基-D-甘露糖胺一水合物、D-(-)-核糖、L-核糖、D-(+)-木糖、DL-木糖、L-(-)-木糖、D-阿拉伯抗壞血酸、L-抗壞血酸、L-蘇糖醇及此等之環氧烷加成物等。
具有5個醇性羥基之5元醇的具體例子,可列舉三-三羥甲基乙烷、三-三羥甲基丙烷、三甘油、雙(2-羥基乙基)胺基參(羥基甲基)甲烷、雙(2-羥基丙基)胺基參(羥基甲基)甲烷、N,N,N’,N”,N”-伍(2-羥基乙基)二乙三胺、N,N,N’,N”,N”-伍(2-羥基丙基)二乙三胺、米格尼醇
(miglitol)、紅黴素、阿奇黴素二水合物、D-(+)-阿拉伯糖醇、DL-阿拉伯糖醇、L-(-)-阿拉伯糖醇、D-(-)-果糖、L-(+)-果糖、D-(+)-半乳糖、L-(-)-半乳糖、β-D-葡萄糖、D-(+)-葡萄糖、L-(-)-葡萄糖、D-葡萄糖二乙基縮硫醛、柳苷、L-古洛糖、D-(+)-甘露糖、L-(-)-甘露糖、核糖醇、L-(-)-花椒糖、D-塔格糖、木糖醇、蔗糖素、抗壞血酸甘油酯及此等之環氧烷加成物等。
具有6個以上之醇性羥基之多元醇的具體例子,可列舉聚三羥甲基乙烷、聚三羥甲基丙烷、聚甘油、二季戊四醇、三季戊四醇、聚季戊四醇、碘六醇、半乳糖醇、D-山梨醇、L-山梨醇、myo-肌醇、scyllo-肌醇、D-甘露醇、L-甘露醇、淫羊藿苷(icariin)、杏苷、D-(+)-纖維雙糖、地奧司明(diosmin)、2-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-L-抗壞血酸、橙皮苷、D-(+)-乳糖一水合物、乳酮糖、D-(+)-麥芽糖一水合物、D-(+)-蜜二糖一水合物、甲基橙皮苷、麥芽糖醇、柚苷水合物、新橙皮苷二氫查耳酮水合物、巴拉金糖水合物、芸香苷水合物、D-(+)-蔗糖、甜菊苷、D-(+)-松二糖、D-(+)-海藻糖(無水)、D-(+)-海藻糖二水合物、D-(+)-松三糖水合物、D-(+)-棉子糖五水合物、瑞鮑迪苷A(rebaudioside A)、水蘇糖、α-環糊精、β-環糊精、γ-環糊精、澱粉、聚乙烯醇及此等之環氧烷加成物等。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中,此等之醇可單獨或任意組合二種以上來使用。此等之醇當中,較佳為具有3個以上之醇性羥基的多元醇;特佳為三羥甲基
乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、甘油、甘油之環氧烷加成物、參(2-羥基乙基)三聚異氰酸酯、三乙醇胺、二-三羥甲基乙烷、二-三羥甲基丙烷、二甘油、二甘油之環氧烷加成物、季戊四醇、季戊四醇之環氧烷加成物、木糖醇、二季戊四醇、二季戊四醇之環氧烷加成物、D-山梨醇、聚甘油。再者,關於此等之醇,存在有其水合物或溶劑合物時,該水合物及溶劑合物亦可作為本發明之製造方法中的醇來使用。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中,作為原料使用之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯,係於分子中具有1個(甲基)丙烯醯基之化合物,例如,可列舉下述通式(1)表示之化合物。
式中,R1表示氫原子或甲基。R2表示碳數1~50之有機基。
上述通式(1)中之R2的具體例子,可列舉甲基、乙基、n-或i-丙基、n-、i-或t-丁基、n-、s-或t-戊基、新戊基、n-、s-或t-己基、n-、s-或t-庚基、n-、s-或
t-辛基、2-乙基己基、癸醯基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、月桂基、十三烷基、肉豆蔻基、十五烷基、鯨蠟基、十七烷基、硬脂基、十九烷基、花生基(arachidyl)、蟲蠟基、三十基、蜜蠟基、乙烯基、烯丙基、甲基烯丙基、巴豆基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、2-甲基丁烯基、3-甲基-2-丁烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、2-甲基-3-丁烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、庚烯基、辛烯基、壬烯基、癸烯基、十一烯基、十二烯基、十三烯基、十四烯基、十五烯基、十六烯基、十七烯基、油醯基、亞油醯基、次亞油醯基、環戊基、環戊基甲基、環己基、環己基甲基、4-甲基環己基、4-t-丁基環己基、三環癸基、異莰基、金剛烷基、二環戊基、二環戊烯基、苯基、甲基苯基、二甲基苯基、三甲基苯基、4-t-丁基苯基、苄基、二苯基甲基、二苯基乙基、三苯基甲基、桂醯基、萘基、蒽基、甲氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙基、甲氧基乙氧基乙氧基乙基、3-甲氧基丁基、乙氧基乙基、乙氧基乙氧基乙基、環戊氧基乙基、環己氧基乙基、環戊氧基乙氧基乙基、環己氧基乙氧基乙基、二環戊烯氧基乙基、苯氧基乙基、苯氧基乙氧基乙基、環氧丙基、β-甲基環氧丙基、β-乙基環氧丙基、3,4-環氧基環己基甲基、2-氧雜環丁烷甲基、3-甲基-3-氧雜環丁烷甲基、3-乙基-3-氧雜環丁烷甲基、四氫呋喃基、四氫呋喃甲基、四氫吡喃基、二氧雜環戊烷基、二噁烷基、N,N-二甲基胺基乙基、N,N-二乙基胺基乙基、N,N-二甲基胺基丙基、N,N-二乙基胺基丙基、N-苄基-N-甲基胺基乙基、N-
苄基-N-甲基胺基丙基等。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中,此等之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯可單獨或任意組合二種以上來使用。此等之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯當中,較佳為丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸n-丁酯、丙烯酸i-丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸2-二甲基胺基乙酯。特別以幾乎對所有的醇顯示良好反應性,且容易獲得的丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸n-丁酯、丙烯酸i-丁酯、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯為佳。進一步地,以促進醇溶解,顯示極良好的反應性之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯為較佳。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中之醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的使用比例並無特殊限制,較佳為相對於醇之羥基1莫耳而言,使用單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯0.4~10.0莫耳、較佳為使用0.6~5.0莫耳。單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯少於0.4莫耳時,副反應增多。又,多於10.0莫耳時,(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,生產性不佳。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1可不使用溶劑來實施,但亦可依需要使用溶劑。溶劑的具體例子,可列舉n-己烷、環己烷、甲基環己烷、n-庚烷、n-辛烷、n-壬烷、n-癸烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙基苯、二乙基苯、異丙基苯、戊基苯、二戊基苯、三戊基苯、十二烷基苯、二-十二烷基苯、戊基甲苯、異丙基甲苯、十氫萘、四氫萘等之烴類;二乙基醚、二丙基醚、二異丙基醚、二丁基醚、二戊基醚、二乙基縮醛、二己基縮醛、t-丁基甲基
醚、環戊基甲基醚、四氫呋喃、四氫吡喃、三噁烷、二噁烷、苯甲醚、二苯基醚、二甲基賽珞蘇、二乙二醇二甲醚、三乙二醇二甲醚、四乙二醇二甲醚等之醚類;18-冠-6等之冠醚類;甲醇、乙醇、n-丙醇、i-丙醇、n-丁醇、i-丁醇、t-丁醇、乙二醇、2-甲氧基乙醇、甘油等之醇類;安息香酸甲酯、γ-丁內酯等之酯類;丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基異丁基酮、環己酮、苯乙酮、二苯甲酮等之酮類;環丁碸等之碸類;二甲基亞碸等之亞碸類;碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸伸乙酯、碳酸伸丙酯、碳酸1,2-伸丁酯等之碳酸酯化合物;尿素類或其衍生物;三丁基膦氧化物等之膦氧化物類;咪唑鎓鹽、哌啶鎓鹽、吡啶鎓鹽等之離子液體;矽油、水等。此等之溶劑之中,較佳為烴類、醚類、醇類、碳酸酯化合物、離子液體。此等之溶劑可單獨使用或可任意組合二種以上作為混合溶劑來使用。
本發明中製造方法中反應步驟1中之觸媒A,為選自由具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物所成之群的一種以上之化合物。
上述具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物的具體例子,1-氮雜雙環[1,1,0]丁烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[1,1,0]丁烷、1-氮雜雙環[2,1,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[2,1,0]庚烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[2,1,0]庚烷、1-氮雜雙環[2,2,0]己烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[2,2,0]己烷、1-氮雜雙環[2,1,1]己烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[2,1,1]己烷、1-氮雜雙環[2,2,1]庚烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[2,2,1]庚烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環
[2,2,1]庚烷、1-氮雜雙環[3,2,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[3,2,0]庚烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[3,2,0]庚烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[3,2,0]庚烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[2,2,2]辛烷、1-氮雜雙環[3,2,1]辛烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[3,2,1]辛烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[3,2,1]辛烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[3,2,1]辛烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[3,2,1]辛烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,1,1]辛烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,2,0]辛烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[4,2,0]辛烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[4,2,0]辛烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4,2,0]辛烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,2,0]辛烷、1-氮雜雙環[3,3,1]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[3,3,1]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[3,3,1]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[3,3,1]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[3,2,2]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,2,1]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環
[5,2,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5,2,0]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1,3-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1,4-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1,5-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1,6-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1,7-氮雜雙環[5,1,1]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,3-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,4-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,5-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[6,1,0]壬烷、1-氮雜雙環[7,1,0]癸烷、1,9-二氮雜雙環[7,1,0]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[6,2,0]癸烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[6,2,0]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[6,1,1]癸烷、1,8-二氮雜雙環[6,1,1]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,3,0]癸烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,3,0]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,2,1]癸烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,2,1]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,3,1]癸烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[4,3,1]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,2,2]癸烷、1,6-二氮雜雙環[4,2,2]癸烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,4,0]十一烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,4,0]十一烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,3,1]十一烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,3,1]十一烷、1-氮雜雙環[5,2,2]十一烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[5,2,2]十一烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,4,1]十一烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,4,1]十一烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,3,2]十一烷、1,7-二氮雜雙環[4,3,2]十一烷、1-氮雜雙環[3,3,0]辛烷、1-氮雜雙環[4,3,0]壬烷、昆啶(quinuclidine)、羽扇豆喃、羽扇豆寧、喹啶、3-羥基昆啶、3-奎寧酮、quincorine、quincoridine、辛可尼汀、辛可寧、奎寧啶、奎寧、銅色
樹鹼、伊波加因(ibogaine)、苦馬豆素(swainsonine)、栗精胺(castanospermine)、米塞林(mianserin)、米達紗賓(mirtazapine)、坎那丁(canadine)、朝格爾鹼(Tröger's base)、1-氮雜雙環[2,2,2]辛烷-3-羧酸、三乙二胺(別名:DABCO)、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺、六亞甲四胺、3-喹嗪酮鹽酸鹽、3-氯-1-氮雜雙環[2,2,2]辛烷鹽酸鹽、辛可尼汀二鹽酸鹽、辛可寧鹽酸鹽水合物、辛可尼汀硫酸鹽二水合物、氫奎寧啶鹽酸鹽、辛可寧硫酸鹽二水合物、奎寧鹽酸鹽二水合物、硫酸奎寧二水合物、奎寧磷酸鹽、奎寧啶硫酸鹽二水合物、米塞林鹽酸鹽、1,1'-(丁烷-1,4-二基)雙[4-氮雜-1-氮鎓雙環[2,2,2]辛烷]二溴化物、1,1'-(癸烷-1,10-二基)雙[4-氮雜-1-氮鎓雙環[2,2,2]辛烷]二溴化物、雙(三甲基鋁)-1,4-二氮雜雙環[2,2,2]辛烷加成物、氫化鉍(III)、昆啶鹽酸鹽、3-奎寧酮鹽酸鹽、3-羥基昆啶鹽酸鹽、DABCO鹽酸鹽、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺鹽酸鹽、昆啶乙酸鹽、3-奎寧酮乙酸鹽、3-羥基昆啶乙酸鹽、DABCO乙酸鹽、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺乙酸鹽、昆啶丙烯酸鹽、3-奎寧酮丙烯酸鹽、3-羥基昆啶丙烯酸鹽、DABCO丙烯酸鹽、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺丙烯酸鹽等。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中,可單獨或二種以上任意地組合使用此等之觸媒A。此等之觸媒A之中,奎寧環、3-奎寧環、3-羥基奎寧環、DABCO、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺為佳,特別以幾乎對所有的醇顯示良好反應性,且容易獲得的3-羥基奎寧環、DABCO、2-(羥
基甲基)三乙二胺為佳。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中之觸媒A的使用量並無特殊限制,較佳為相對於醇之羥基1莫耳而言,使用0.0001~0.5莫耳之觸媒A、更佳為使用0.0005~0.2莫耳。少於0.0001莫耳,則目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多於0.5莫耳,則副產物增多,反應液之著色增加,因此反應結束後之精製步驟變得繁雜。
(式中,R3及R4,可相同或可相異地,為碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烷基、碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烯基、碳數6~24之芳基、或碳數5~20之環烷基,亦可具有取代基。惟,R3及R4不具有氟及氯等之鹵素原子。)所表示之包含有機酸鋅的化合物;下述通式(3);
(式中,R5、R6、R7、R8、R9及R10,係相同或相異地,為碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烷基、碳數1~20之直鏈狀或分支狀烯基、碳數6~24之芳基、或碳數5~20之環烷基,亦可具有取代基,也包含R5以及R6為氫原子之情況。)表示之包含鋅二酮烯醇酯的化合物;草酸鋅等。
上述包含通式(2)表示之有機酸鋅的化合物的具體例子,可列舉乙酸鋅、乙酸鋅二水合物、丙酸鋅、辛酸鋅、新癸酸鋅、月桂酸鋅、肉豆蔻酸鋅、硬脂酸鋅、環己烷酪酸鋅、2-乙基己烷酸鋅、安息香酸鋅、t-丁基安息香酸鋅、水楊酸鋅、環烷酸鋅、丙烯酸鋅、甲基丙烯酸鋅等。再者,關於此等之含鋅之化合物,存在有其水合物、溶劑合物、或與觸媒A之錯合物時,該水合物、該溶劑合物、及與觸媒A之錯合物亦可作為本發明之製造方法中的觸媒B來使用。
上述包含通式(3)表示之鋅的化合物的具體例子,可列舉乙醯基丙酮酸鋅、乙醯基丙酮酸鋅水合物、雙
(2,6-二甲基-3,5-庚烷二酮酸)鋅、雙(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚烷二酮酸)鋅、雙(5,5-二甲基-2,4-己烷二酮酸)鋅等。再者,關於此等之含鋅之化合物,存在有其水合物、溶劑合物、或與觸媒A之錯合物時,該水合物、溶劑合物、及與觸媒A之錯合物亦可作為本發明之製造方法中的觸媒B來使用。
觸媒B中有機酸鋅及鋅二酮烯醇酯係可直接使用前述之化合物,但亦可於反應系內使此等化合物產生來予以使用。例如,使用金屬鋅、氧化鋅、氫氧化鋅、氯化鋅及硝酸鋅等之其他鋅化合物作為原料,有機酸鋅的情況時,可列舉使此等之鋅化合物與有機酸反應之方法;鋅二酮烯醇酯的情況時,可列舉使此等之鋅化合物與1,3-二酮反應之方法等。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中,此等之觸媒B可單獨或任意組合二種以上來使用。此等之觸媒B之中,較佳為乙酸鋅、丙酸鋅、丙烯酸鋅、甲基丙烯酸鋅、乙醯基丙酮酸鋅。特別以幾乎對所有的醇顯示良好反應性,且容易獲得的乙酸鋅、丙烯酸鋅、乙醯基丙酮酸鋅為佳。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的觸媒B之使用量並無特殊限制,較佳為相對於醇之羥基1莫耳而言,使用0.0001~0.5莫耳之觸媒B、更佳為使用0.0005~0.2莫耳。少於0.0001莫耳,則目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多於0.5莫耳,則副產物增多,反應液之色調惡化,因此反應結束後之精製步驟變得繁雜。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的觸媒A與觸媒B之使用比例並無特殊限制,較佳為相對於1莫耳觸媒B而言,使用0.005~10.0莫耳之觸媒A、更佳為使用0.05~5.0莫耳。少於0.005莫耳,則目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的生成量少,多於10.0莫耳,則副產物增多,反應液之色調惡化,因此反應結束後之精製步驟變得繁雜。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的合併使用之觸媒A與觸媒B,最佳係觸媒A為DABCO,且觸媒B為乙酸鋅及/或丙烯酸鋅之組合。該組合可產率佳地得到(甲基)丙烯酸酯,此外反應結束後之色調優良,因此可適合使用於重視色調之各種工業用途。進一步地,該組合由於係可較便宜地獲得的觸媒,故經濟上有利。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的酯交換反應推測係藉由圖1所示之反應機構進行。首先藉由觸媒A加成於單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯之β位碳上,羰基氧原子上之電子密度增加,其藉由進一步攻擊其他單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯之羰基碳,而產生圖1所示之反應中間體。之後,推測該中間體藉由與醇發生酯交換反應,而生成目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。此時,推測具有路易士酸性之觸媒B,藉由使(甲基)丙烯醯基活化,而促進圖1所示之反應機構。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的使用之觸媒A及觸媒B,可由上述反應之最初起添加、亦可由途
中添加。又,可一次添加所期望之使用量、亦可分割添加。又,觸媒A及/或觸媒B為固體時,亦可以溶劑溶解後添加。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的反應溫度,較佳為40~180℃、特佳為60~160℃。反應溫度未達40℃時,反應速度極慢,超過180℃,則會發生(甲基)丙烯醯基之熱聚合、或反應液之色調惡化,因此反應結束後之精製步驟變得繁雜。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的反應壓力,只要係可維持特定之反應溫度即可無特殊限制,可於減壓狀態實施、亦可於加壓狀態實施。通常,係0.000001~10MPa(絕對壓力)。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的伴隨酯交換反應之進行,會副產來自作為原料使用之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的1元醇。該1元醇雖亦可維持於反應系內共存,但藉由將該1元醇排出於反應系外,可更加促進酯交換反應之進行。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的能夠以將反應液之色調良好維持為目的,對系內導入氬、氦、氮及碳酸氣等之惰性氣體。又,亦可以防止(甲基)丙烯醯基之聚合為目的,對系內導入含氧氣體。含氧氣體的具體例子,可列舉空氣、氧與氮之混合氣體、氧與氦之混合氣體等。含氧氣體之導入方法,具有使其於反應液中溶存或吹入反應液中(即所謂起泡)之方法。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的較佳為以防止(甲基)丙烯醯基之聚合為目的,對系內添加聚合禁止劑。聚合禁止劑的具體例子,可列舉氫醌、tert-丁基氫醌、氫醌單甲基醚、2,6-二-tert-丁基-4-甲基酚、2,4,6-三-tert-丁基酚、4-tert-丁基兒茶酚、苯醌、酚噻嗪、N-亞硝基-N-苯基羥基胺銨、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基、4-羥基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基等之有機系聚合禁止劑;氯化銅、硫酸銅及硫酸鐵等之無機系聚合禁止劑;二丁基二硫代胺基甲酸銅、N-亞硝基-N-苯基羥基胺鋁鹽等之有機鹽系聚合禁止劑。聚合禁止劑可一種單獨添加或可任意組合二種以上來添加。又,聚合禁止劑可由反應之最初起添加、亦可由途中添加。進一步地,聚合禁止劑可一次添加所期望之使用量、亦可分割添加。聚合禁止劑亦可經由精餾塔連續地添加。聚合禁止劑之添加量,較佳為於反應液中為5~30,000質量ppm、更佳為25~10,000質量ppm。少於5質量ppm,則聚合禁止效果不充分,多於30,000質量ppm,則反應液之色調惡化、或所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之硬化速度降低,因此反應結束後之精製步驟變得繁雜。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中的反應時間,雖然依觸媒之種類與使用量、反應溫度、反應壓力等而不同,但是通常為0.1~150小時、較佳為0.5~80小時。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中可藉由批式、半批式、連續式之任意方法實施。作為批式之一例,
係於反應器中加入醇、單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯、觸媒、聚合禁止劑,一邊使含氧氣體於反應液中起泡,同時於特定之溫度攪拌。之後,伴隨酯交換反應之進行,副產來自作為原料使用之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯的1元醇。藉由將該1元醇以特定壓力自反應器中抽出,可生成目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。
相對於本發明之製造方法中反應步驟1中所得之反應生成物,藉由可實施組合了冷卻結晶化、濃縮結晶化等之結晶化操作;加壓過濾、吸引過濾、離心過濾等之過濾操作;單式蒸餾、分餾、分子蒸餾、水蒸氣蒸餾等之蒸餾操作;固液萃取、液液萃取等之萃取操作;傾析等的分離精製操作,得到純度佳地目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。該分離精製操作中亦可使用溶劑。又,亦可使用用以將本發明中使用之觸媒及/或聚合禁止劑中和之中和劑、或用以吸附除去之吸附劑、用以分解或去除副產物之酸及/或鹼、用以改善色調之活性碳、用以提高過濾效率及過濾速度之矽藻土等。
接著,對於觸媒回收步驟進行說明。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟係自前述反應步驟1所得之反應生成物中分離包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體之步驟。分離方法並不特別限制,可舉例冷卻結晶化、濃縮結晶化等之結晶化操作;加壓過濾、吸引過濾、離心過濾等之過濾操作;單式蒸餾、分餾、分子蒸餾、水蒸氣蒸餾等之蒸餾操作;固液萃取、液液萃取等之
萃取操作;傾析等的分離精製操作。此等係可單獨實施或任意地組合二種以上實施。此等分離精製操作之中,過濾操作、固液萃取、傾析為佳,特別是操作最簡便的過濾操較佳。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟中所謂固體係意指將反應步驟1所得之反應生成物,投入設置有濾波器之過濾器,於實施過濾操作後之濾波器上可捕集作為殘渣之物質。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟,不使用溶劑亦可實施,但必要時亦可使用溶劑。可使用與反應步驟1相同之溶劑,且亦可將反應步驟1之原料的單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯作為溶劑使用。此等之溶媒係可單獨使用一種或任意地組合二種以上作為混合溶劑來使用。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟之實施溫度係-30℃至150℃為佳。反應溫度未達-30℃中,析出目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,具有包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體的分離操作變得繁雜。超過150℃,則具有發生(甲基)丙烯醯基之熱聚合、或將所回收知該觸媒以反應步驟2使用時反應生成物之色調惡化。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟之實施壓力係維持特定之反應溫度即可並無特別限制,可於減壓狀態下實施或於加壓狀態下實施。通常為0.000001~10MPa(絕對壓力)。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟中,能夠
以將反應液之色調良好維持為目的,對系內導入氬、氦、氮及碳酸氣等之惰性氣體。又,亦可以防止(甲基)丙烯醯基之聚合為目的,對系內導入含氧氣體。含氧氣體的具體例子,可列舉空氣、氧與氮之混合氣體、氧與氦之混合氣體等。該氣體之導入方法,可列舉吹入反應生成物中(即所謂起泡)之方法、或加壓過濾或吸引過濾等之過濾操作時導入氣相部之方法。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟中,可以防止(甲基)丙烯醯基之聚合為目的,對系內添加聚合禁止劑。可使用與反應步驟1相同之聚合禁止劑,可單獨使用一種或任意地組合使用二種以上。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟之實施時間並不特別限制,通常為0.1~100小時,0.5~70小時為佳。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟係可藉由批式、半批式、連續式之任意方法實施。作為批式過濾操作之一例,將以反應步驟1所得之反應生成物自上部投入下部附有濾波器之批式加壓過濾器,於氣相部導入含氧氣體且使過濾器之壓力上昇後,經由濾波器自過濾器底部之抽出管中抽出液部。藉由此,可容易地分離回收包含濾波器所捕集之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體。
本發明之製造方法中觸媒回收步驟中包含分離回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體係可維持原狀於反應步驟2中使用,但以溶劑漂洗或實施加熱乾燥與真空乾燥
等之乾燥處理後可於反應步驟2使用。
接者,對於反應步驟2進行說明。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟2中,可使用與反應步驟1相同之醇、單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯及溶劑。即使對於較佳的醇、較佳的單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯、較佳的溶劑、及此等之較佳的使用比例等,與反應步驟1相同。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟2中,包含將觸媒回收步驟中所分離回收之觸媒A及觸媒B之固體作為觸媒、或將包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體作為觸媒之一部分使用。亦可追加不經由觸媒回收步驟之新觸媒A及/或觸媒B來實施。可使用之觸媒A及觸媒B係與反應步驟1相同,關於較佳的觸媒A、較佳的觸媒B及此等之較佳的使用比例與添加方法也與反應步驟1相同。觸媒A及/或觸媒B係使用經由觸媒回收步驟之回收觸媒10質量%以上為佳,使用40質量%以上較佳,使用60質量%以上特別佳。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟2係可實施與反應步驟1相同之反應溫度、反應壓力及反應時間。即使對於較佳的反應溫度、較佳的反應壓力及較佳的反應時間,與反應步驟1相同。又,即使對於伴隨酯交換反應進行所副產之1元醇,與反應步驟1相同,可維持共存於反應系內共存反応系內,或藉由排出於反應系外,促進酯交換反應之進行。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟2中,與反應步驟1相同,可於系內導入氣體或添加聚合禁止劑。即使對於可使用之氣體之種類、聚合禁止劑之種類、較佳之聚合劑之種類與添加量及添加方法,與反應步驟1相同。
本發明之製造方法中反應步驟2係與反應步驟1相同,亦可依據批式、半批式、連續式之任意方法實施。又,對於反應生成物而言,藉由實施與反應步驟1相同之分離精製操作,可製得目標之純度佳之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。該分離精製操作中亦可使用溶劑。又,亦可使用用以將本發明中使用之觸媒及/或聚合禁止劑中和之中和劑、或用以吸附除去之吸附劑、用以分解或去除副產物之酸及/或鹼、用以改善色調之活性碳、用以提高過濾效率及過濾速度之矽藻土等。
本發明之製造方法係可反覆進行。即,使用自反應系中分離回收包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體之觸媒回收步驟、與所該回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B,可反覆進行製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之反應步驟2。
以下,列舉實施例及比較例以更具體說明本發明,但本發明不限定於此等實施例。再者,以下只要無特別指明,「份」的表述意指「質量份」、「%」的表述意指「質量%」。
實施例及比較例中的反應產率,係定量伴隨
酯交換反應之進行所副產的1元醇(來自作為原料使用之單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯),使用下述式算出。再者,1元醇之定量,係使用備有示差折射率檢測器之高速液體層析(管柱:日本Waters股份有限公司製Atlantis(Part No.186003748、管柱內徑4.6mm、管柱長度250mm)、溶劑:純水或10容積%異丙醇水溶液),以內部標準法實施。
反應產率(莫耳%)=伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的1元醇莫耳數/(作為原料使用之醇的莫耳數×作為原料使用之醇分子所具有的醇性羥基數)×100
實施例及比較例中之精製產率,係使用對酯交換反應結束後之反應生成物施以蒸餾、結晶化、過濾等之分離精製操作後所得到之包含目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的精製處理物之質量來算出。
精製產率(%)=含有目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的精製處理物(份)/(作為原料使用之醇所具有的醇性羥基全部被(甲基)丙烯酸酯化時所生成之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的分子量×作為原料使用之醇的莫耳數)×100
實施例及比較例中,確認於反應生成物及精製處理物中含有目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯,係使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析(管柱:日本Waters股份有限公司製ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(Part No.186002350、管柱內徑2.1mm、管柱長度50mm)、檢測波長:210nm、溶劑:0.03質量%三氟乙酸水溶液與甲醇之混合溶劑)來進行。
對於包含實施例之觸媒回收步驟中所分離回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體之分析方法記述於以下。
1H-NMR測定可使用Bruker社製AVANCEIII實施。周波數係使用400MHz、測定溫度係使用23℃、測定溶劑係使用重DMSO。
CHN元素分析係使用YANACO股份有限公司製CHN CORDERMT-5實施。
Zn之含量之分析係藉由使用SPECTRO公司製SPECTRO ARCOS SOP之ICP發光分析進行。
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之1公升燒瓶中,加入季戊四醇69.33份(0.51莫耳)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 2.038份(0.018莫耳)、作為觸媒B之乙酸鋅3.260份(0.018莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚1.56份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係2036質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度105~120℃之範圍加熱攪拌,一邊將反應系內之壓力調整為130~760mmHg之範圍,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的2-甲氧基乙醇與丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯於反應系中。定
量來自反應系之抽出液中所含的2-甲氧基乙醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起30小時後反應產率到達88%,因此結束反應液之加熱同時,並且使反應系內之壓力回到常壓,結束抽出。
對於將所得之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反応液冷卻至室溫,將3.89部之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~95℃、壓力0.001~100mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認包含季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯及季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理物所算出之精製產率為96%。結果示於表1。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟1之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認該固體之主成分係觸媒A之DABCO與上述通式(2)表示之包含鋅之化合物之觸媒B為以1:2(莫耳比)之比例形成之錯合物。記述分析結果及該錯合物之構造式(4)。
1H-NMR分析(重DMSO):δ6.03ppm(m、6H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ5.55ppm(m、3H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ2.85ppm(s、12H、N-CH2CH2-N)、δ1.78ppm(s、3H、CH3CO-)
元素分析:Calcd.for C17H24O8N2Zn2:C,39.64;H,4.70;O,24.85;N,5.44;Zn,25.38%.Found:C,
39.80;H,4.80;O,25.44;N,5.70;Zn,24.26%.
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之1公升燒瓶中,加入二季戊四醇69.33份(0.51莫耳)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 1.233份(0.011莫耳)、作為觸媒B之乙酸鋅0.625份(0.003莫耳)、以觸媒回收步驟所得到之固體3.699份(作為觸媒A0.007莫耳、作為觸媒B之0.014莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚1.56份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係2035質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度105~120℃之範圍加熱攪拌,一邊將反應系內之壓力調整為130~760mmHg之範圍,將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的2-甲氧基乙醇與丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之丙烯酸
2-甲氧基乙酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所包含的2-甲氧基乙醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起30小時後反應產率到達89%,因此結束反應液之加熱同時,並且使反應系內之壓力回到常壓,結束抽出。
對於所得之反應生成物而言,作為觸媒回收步驟將反應液冷卻至室溫後,將3.98份之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~95℃、壓力0.001~100mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認包含季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯及季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理物所算出之精製產率為97%。結果示於表1。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟2之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認該固體之主成分係觸媒A之DABCO與上述通式(2)表示之包含鋅之化合物之觸媒B為以1:2(莫耳比)之比例形成之錯合物。記述分析結果及該錯合物之構造式(5)。
又,將該固體作為觸媒使用,反覆反應步驟2及觸媒回收步驟之結果表示於表1。
1H-NMR分析(重DMSO):δ6.03ppm(m、8H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ5.55ppm(m、4H、CH2=CHCO-)、δ2.85ppm(s、12H、N-CH2CH2-N)
元素分析:Calcd.for C18H24O8N2Zn2:C,41.01;H,
4.59;O,24.28;N,5.31;Zn,24.81%.Found:C,41.18;H,4.69;O,24.86;N,5.57;Zn,23.71%.
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之1公升燒瓶中,加入二季戊四醇86.33份(0.34莫耳)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 4.077份(0.036莫耳)、作為觸媒B之乙酸鋅6.520份(0.036莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚1.63份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係2061質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度120~145℃之範圍加熱攪拌,一邊將反應系內之壓力調整為250~760mmHg之範圍,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的2-甲氧基乙醇與丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所包含的2-甲氧基乙醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起24小時後反應產率到達86%,因此結束反應液之加熱同時,並且使反應系內之壓力回到常壓,結束抽出。對於將所得之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反應液冷卻至室溫後,將8.38部之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~95℃、壓力0.001~100mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾
後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認包含二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯及二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理物所算出之精製產率為99%。結果示於表2。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟1之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認該固體之主成分係觸媒A之DABCO與上述通式(2)表示之包含鋅之化合物之觸媒B為以1:2(莫耳比)之比例形成之錯合物。又,已確認該錯合物係上述構造式(5)。
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之1公升燒瓶中,加入二季戊四醇86.33份(0.34莫耳)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯690.05份(5.30莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 2.382份(0.021莫耳)、作為觸媒B之乙酸鋅0.975份(0.005莫耳)、觸媒回收步驟所得之固體7.965份(作為觸媒A之0.015莫耳、作為觸媒B之0.030莫耳)氫醌單甲基醚1.63份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係2059質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度120~145℃之範圍加熱攪拌,一邊將反應系內之壓力調整為250~760mmHg之範圍,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的2-甲氧基乙醇與丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之丙烯
酸2-甲氧基乙酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所含的2-甲氧基乙醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起24小時後反應產率到達87%,因此結束反應液之加熱同時,並且使反應系內之壓力回到常壓,結束抽出。對於將所得之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反應液冷卻至室溫厚,將8.38部之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~95℃、壓力0.001~100mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認含有二季戊四醇五丙烯酸酯及二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理物所算出之精製產率為99%。結果示於表2。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟2之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認與以伴隨著反應步驟1之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體相同,將已上述構造式(5)表示之錯合物作為主成分。該固體作為觸媒使用,反覆反應步驟2及觸媒回收步驟之結果表示於表2。
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之300公升燒瓶中,加入二乙二醇單乙烯基醚85.00份(0.64莫耳)、甲基丙烯酸酯110.67份(1.29莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 1.082份(0.010莫耳)、作為觸媒B之丙烯酸鋅4.004份(0.019莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚0.053份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係265質量ppm)、吩噻嗪0.025份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係123質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度85~105℃之範圍進行加熱攪拌,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的甲醇與甲基丙烯酸酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之甲基丙烯酸酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所包含的甲醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起25小時後反應產率到達90%,因此結束反應液之加熱。對於將所得之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反應液冷卻至室溫,將4.32份之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~80℃、壓力0.001~700mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之甲基丙烯酸酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認包含2-(2-乙烯氧基乙氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理
物所算出之精製產率為98%。結果示於表3。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟1之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認該固體之主成分係觸媒A之DABCO與上述通式(2)表示之包含鋅之化合物之觸媒B為以1:2(莫耳比)之比例形成之錯合物。又,已確認該錯合物係上述構造式(5)。
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之300公升燒瓶中,加入二乙二醇單乙烯基醚85.00份(0.64莫耳)、甲基丙烯酸酯110.67份(1.29莫耳)、作為觸媒A之DABCO 0.195份(0.002莫耳)、作為觸媒B之丙烯酸鋅0.721份(0.003莫耳)、以觸媒回收步驟所得之固體4.170份(作為觸媒A之0.008莫耳、作為觸媒B之0.016莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚0.053份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係265質量ppm)、吩噻嗪0.025份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係123質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度85~105℃之範圍進行加熱攪拌,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的甲醇與甲基丙烯酸酯2之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之甲基丙烯酸酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所包含的甲醇之結果,自加熱攪拌開始起25小時後反應產率到達91%,因此結束反應液之加熱。對於將所得
之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反應液冷卻至室溫,將4.37部之固體藉由加壓過濾分離。一邊使乾燥空氣於過濾後之濾液中起泡,一邊於溫度70~80℃、壓力0.001~700mmHg之範圍進行8小時之減壓蒸餾,分離包含未反應之甲基丙烯酸酯的餾出液。使用備有UV檢測器之高速液體層析進行減壓蒸餾後之蒸餾器液的組成分析之結果,確認含有2-(2-乙烯氧基乙氧基)乙基丙烯酸酯作為主要成分。將該蒸餾器液視為精製處理物所算出之精製產率為98%。結果示於表3。
分析以伴隨著反應步驟2之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體時,已確認與以伴隨著反應步驟1之觸媒回收步驟之過濾分離所得到之固體相同,將上述構造式(5)表示之錯合物作為主成分。該固體作為觸媒使用,反覆反應步驟2及觸媒回收步驟之結果表示於表3。
雖表示實施例中的反應步驟與伴隨該反應步驟之觸媒回收步驟反覆5次之結果,但可了解藉由極為簡便的過濾操作回收觸媒,即使使用該回收觸媒反覆反應步驟,也可製得觸媒性能不降低且產率佳地之目標之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。又,比較不使用回收觸媒,且僅使用新的觸媒A及B且實施5次反應步驟1時,則可了解必要之觸媒A及觸媒B之總量係大幅少,本發明之製造方法與以往技術比較為經濟上極為有利的方法。
於安裝有攪拌機、溫度計、氣體導入管、精餾塔及冷卻管之1公升燒瓶中,加入季戊四醇97.07份(0.71莫耳)、丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯668.81份(5.14莫耳)、作為觸媒A之N-甲基咪唑2.479份(0.030莫耳)、作為觸媒B之乙酸鋅6.155份(0.034莫耳)、氫醌單甲基醚1.22份(相對於所加入原料之總質量而言係1573質量ppm),使含氧氣體(氧5容積%、氮95容積%)於液中起泡。一邊於反應液溫度105~120℃之範圍加熱攪拌,一邊將反應系內之壓力調整為130~760mmHg之範圍,一邊將伴隨酯交換反應之進行所副產的2-甲氧基乙醇與丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯之混合液透過精餾塔及冷卻管由反應系中抽出。又,隨時追加與該抽出液同質量份之丙烯酸2-甲氧基乙酯於反應系中。定量來自反應系之抽出液中所包含的2-甲氧基乙醇之結
果,自加熱攪拌開始起20小時後反應產率到達89%,因此結束反應液之加熱,並且使反應系內之壓力回到常壓,結束抽出。
對於將所得之反應生成物,將作為觸媒回收步驟之反應液冷卻至5℃,但無法確認固體之生成。再者,於反應液中投入n-己烷100g,還是無法確認固體之生成,無法回收觸媒。
改變觸媒A、觸媒B,以與比較例1相同之方法實施反應步驟1及觸媒回收步驟。以反應步驟1進行酯交換反應,但是無法於觸媒回收步驟中確認固體之生成、無法回收觸媒。結果表示於表4。
依據本發明之方法,可自醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯中製得產率佳地之(甲基)丙烯酸酯。藉由本發明之方法所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯係作為塗料、油墨、接著劑、光學透鏡、填充劑及成形材料等之摻合物的交聯成分、或作為反應性稀釋劑成分,並且適合地使用於各種工業用途。
Claims (9)
- 一種(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其特徵為包含以下之步驟:(反應步驟1)合併使用下述觸媒A及下述觸媒B,並且使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟,觸媒A:選自具有氮雜雙環構造之環狀三級胺或其鹽或是其錯合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,觸媒B:選自包含鋅之化合物所成之群中一種以上之化合物,(觸媒回收步驟)自包含以前述反應步驟1所得之(甲基)丙烯酸酯的反應生成物中,分離包含觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體的步驟,(反應步驟2)將包含以前述觸媒回收步驟所回收之觸媒A及/或觸媒B之固體作為觸媒或觸媒一部分來使用,使醇與單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯進行酯交換反應,製造(甲基)丙烯酸酯之步驟。
- 如請求項1之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述醇為具有3個以上之醇性羥基的多元醇。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述醇為三羥甲基乙烷、三羥甲基丙烷、甘油、甘油之伸烷基氧化物加成物、參(2-羥基乙基)異氰脲酸酯、三醇胺、二(三羥甲基)乙烷、二(三羥甲基)丙烷、二甘油、二甘油之伸烷基氧化物加成物、季戊四醇、季戊四 醇之伸烷基氧化物加成物、木糖醇、二季戊四醇、二季戊四醇之伸烷基氧化物加成物、D-山梨糖醇、聚甘油之任一者。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述醇為季戊四醇或二季戊四醇。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯為甲基丙烯酸酯、乙基丙烯酸酯、n-丁基丙烯酸酯、i-丁基丙烯酸酯、2-甲氧基乙基丙烯酸酯之任一者。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述單官能(甲基)丙烯酸酯為2-甲氧基乙基丙烯酸酯。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述觸媒A為奎寧環、3-羥基奎寧環、三乙二胺、2-(羥基甲基)三乙二胺之任一者。
- 如請求項1或請求項2之(甲基)丙烯酸酯之製造方法,其中前述觸媒A為三乙二胺,且前述觸媒B為上述通式(2)表示之包含鋅的化合物。
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US20180105483A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
KR20170128396A (ko) | 2017-11-22 |
JPWO2016143677A1 (ja) | 2018-03-22 |
EP3269700A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
JP6643546B2 (ja) | 2020-02-12 |
US10065916B2 (en) | 2018-09-04 |
TW201708179A (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
KR102614203B1 (ko) | 2023-12-14 |
CN107406363A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
WO2016143677A1 (ja) | 2016-09-15 |
CN107406363B (zh) | 2021-10-08 |
EP3269700A4 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
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