CN1071093C - 控制和抑制植物病原真菌的方法 - Google Patents
控制和抑制植物病原真菌的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1071093C CN1071093C CN94106521A CN94106521A CN1071093C CN 1071093 C CN1071093 C CN 1071093C CN 94106521 A CN94106521 A CN 94106521A CN 94106521 A CN94106521 A CN 94106521A CN 1071093 C CN1071093 C CN 1071093C
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/38—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< where at least one nitrogen atom is part of a heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
N-丙基-N-〔2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基〕咪唑-1-羧酰胺(=咪鲜胺)或相盐或金属配合物,与4-环丙基-6-甲基-N-苯基-2-氨基嘧啶(=嘧菌环胺)或其盐或金属配合物的混合物可在控制植物疾病中产生活性的协同增强作用。这样的混合物特别适用于控制谷物中的植物疾病。两种杀真菌剂也可以彼此紧接着地单独施用于耕种植物的农作物上。
Description
本发明涉及具有提高的协同作用的杀微生物两成分混合物和在植物保护中使用所说的混合物的方法,所说的杀微生物剂特别是指用于谷物的杀真菌剂。
成分Ⅰ是有下列结构式的咪唑N-丙基-N-〔2-(2,4,6-三氯苯氧基)乙基〕咪唑-1-羧酰胺(=咪鲜胺)或其盐或金属配合物(参见GBP1469772;US-4154945)。
成分Ⅱ是有下列结构式的2-苯胺基嘧啶4-环丙基-6-甲基-N-苯基-2-氨基嘧啶(=嘧菌环胺)或其盐或金属配合物(参见EP-A310550)。
用于制备式Ⅰ或Ⅱ之盐的酸通常包括:氢卤酸如氢氟酸、盐酸、氢溴酸或氢碘酸、及硫酸、磷酸或硝酸,有机酸如乙酸、三氟乙酸、三氯乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、硫氰酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、草酸、甲酸、苯磺酸对位甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸,水杨酸、对位氨基水杨酸、2-苯氧基苯甲酸、2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸或1,2-萘二磺酸。
术语“盐”还包括两碱性成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ的金属配合物。这些配合物可单独地含有一种或两种成分。还可能以结合成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ彼此形成混合的配合物以制备金属配合物。
金属配合物由碱性有机分子和无机或有机金属盐组成,例如所说的盐可选自周期表在第二主族元素如钙和镁,第三和第四主族元素如铝、锡或铅,以及第一至第八亚族元素如铬、锰、铁、钴、镍、铜、锌及其他元素的卤化物、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、三氯乙酸盐、丙酸盐、酒石酸盐、磺酸盐、水杨酸盐和苯甲酸盐。最好选用第4族的亚族元素。根据其各自的不同,金属可以不同的价键形式存在。金属配合物可以是单核或多核的,即它们可含有一个或多个有机分子部分作为配基。
在实践中,可方便地使用成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ作为游离碱,并在其中进一步加入土壤化学物质,典型的如加入杀昆虫剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、除草剂、生长调节剂和肥料,但较好进一步加入杀微生物剂。
近年来,有越来越多的所谓麦角甾醇生物合成抑制剂进入市场。这些杀真菌制剂的作用在于它们可抑制真菌细胞膜中麦角甾醇的生物合成。分子中含有咪唑或1,2,4-三唑的的杀真菌剂通常起到14-c脱甲基抑制剂(=DMI)的作用。然而,因过去多年来使用这些基于咪唑和1,2,4-三唑的制剂,在某些情况下已经导致敏感性确已降低之真菌(Phylae)的出现。
令人惊奇的是,现已发现咪唑Ⅰ与苯胺基嘧啶Ⅱ之混合物的杀真菌活性不仅仅是加成的,而且可能有显著的协同增强作用,既使对于那些已获得了对咪唑或1,2,4-三唑杀真菌剂低敏感性的真菌分离体也这有这样的潜在作用。
因此本发明构成了对本技术的一个实质性的改进。
本发明不仅涉及上述两成分混合物,而且还涉及控制真菌的方法,该方法包括以任何次序或同时使用a)式Ⅰ的活性成分或其金属盐,和b)式Ⅱ的活性成分或其盐处理已受真菌感染或易于受到这种感染的场所,其中所说的盐也可这样选择,即两活性成分被连接到酸残基上,或在金属配合物的情况下连接到中心金属阳离子上。
两成分的有用混合物比例是Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=10∶1到1∶20,较好是Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=6∶1至1∶6。在特别有用的混合物中,纯活性成分的比例是Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=3∶1至1∶3。
活性成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ的新的混合物对于保护耕种植物来说具有很有用的治病性、预防性和内吸性杀真菌性质。新的混合物可被用于抑制或破坏出现于有用植物的不同谷物中的植物或植物部分(果实、花、叶、茎、块茎、根)上的微生物,同时也可保护后期生长的植物部分免受这些微生物的攻击。它们也可被用作保护植物增殖材料,特别是种子(果实、块茎、谷粒)和植物插枝以对抗出现于土壤中之植物病原真菌的涂敷剂。植物能很好地耐受这些新的混合物并且在生态学上是安全的。这一点也特别适用于那些已降低了对咪唑和三唑类杀真菌剂之敏感性的微生物。
该成分混合物可有效夺对抗属于下列各纲的植物病原真菌:子囊菌纲(如黑星菌属,叉丝单囊壳属,白粉菌属,链核盘菌属和钩丝壳属)、担子菌纲(如驼孢锈菌属,丝核菌属,柄锈菌属等)、半知菌(如葡萄孢属,长蠕孢属,喙孢属,镰孢属,壳针孢属,尾孢属,链格孢属,Pyricularia,特别是Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides)。
适于本发明范围内公开之特征的农田靶作物典型地包括谷物(小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦、稻、玉米、高梁及相关品种)、甜菜(糖甜菜和饲料甜菜)、梨果、核果和软水果(苹果、梨、李、杏、桃、樱桃、草梅、树梅和欧洲黑梅)、豆科植物(菜豆、小扁豆、豌豆、大豆)、油料作物(野油菜、芥菜、罂粟、油橄榄、向日葵、椰子、蓖麻油作物、可可豆、落花生)、胡芦类作物(黄瓜、西胡芦、甜瓜)、纤维作物(棉花、亚麻、大麻、黄麻)、柑桔类果实(橙、柠檬、葡萄柚、桔)、蔬菜(菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、园白菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、西红柿、土豆、甜椒)、樟科植物(鳄梨、月桂、樟脑)或玉米、烟草、坚果、咖啡、甘蔗、茶、葡萄、啤酒花、香蕉和天然橡胶等植物以及装饰植物(花、小灌木、落叶树和针叶林)等,但适于本发明的植物并不只限于所列举的这些。
该新的成分混合物在谷物中是特别有效的,例如:
-在小麦中用于抗Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,禾白粉菌,小麦壳针孢,颖枯壳针孢和偃麦草核腔菌;
-在大麦中用于抗Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides,禾白粉菌,圆核腔菌,黑麦喙孢和肉孢核瑚菌;
-在油菜中用于抗芸苔链格孢,Cylindrosporicumconcentricum,黑胫茎点霉和Pseudocercosporella capsellae。
本发明的成分混合物可以其特殊的优点用于控制和抑制已对作为14-c去甲基化抑制剂的杀真菌剂产生了一定抗性的真菌。
该混合物可以特殊效力用于控制和抑制小麦中例如禾白粉菌,小麦壳针孢,颖枯壳针孢,偃麦草核腔菌,圆核腔菌和黑麦喙孢引起叶病。
也可以特殊效力控制和抑制小麦和大麦中的Pseudocercosporella capsellae。
本发明的活性成分混合物还可很有效地对抗苹果和葡萄中的Botrytis cinerea。
一般情况下式Ⅰ和Ⅱ之化合物的混合物是作为组合物使用的。它们可同时施用,但也可在同一天相继施用于待处理的场所或植物上,其中可以没有或加入此类配方中常用的载体、表面活性剂或施用增强佐剂。
适当的载体和佐剂可以是固体或液体并相当于配制技术中常用的适当物质,其中包括天然或再生的矿物物质、溶剂、分散剂、润湿剂、增粘剂、增稠剂、粘结剂或肥料。
施用至少含有Ⅰ和Ⅱ中一种成分之杀真菌混合物的优选是施用于植物的气生部分,特别是叶片上(叶上施用)。施用频率和施用速度将依据病原体的生物学和气候生活条件而定。然而,也可以用液体配方浸透植物生长场所,使杀真菌剂通过土壤经根部,整体植物,或者以固体如颗粒形式施用于土壤(土壤施用)。也可用杀真菌剂的液体配方浸渍种子或用已合并的湿的或固体的配方涂布种子,将式Ⅰ和Ⅱ的化合物施用于种子(涂布)。此外,在特殊情况下,还可以使用例如选择性处理芽或果序的施用方法。
以未修饰的形式,或者较好与常规用于配制技术的佐剂一起合用本发明的化合物。为此目的,可按已知方法将它们方便地配制成乳油、可包衣的糊剂、直接可喷雾或可稀释的溶液、稀乳液、可润湿粉末、可溶解粉末、粉剂或颗粒剂、并且还可以胶囊化包裹在聚合物中制成胶囊剂。鉴于组合物的类型,可根据预期目的和优势环境选用施用方法,如喷雾、喷、撒粉、散布、涂布或倾注。联合施用的有利比率一般为每公顷50g至2kg,较好每公顷100g至1000g,更好每公顷250-800g活性成分。
按已知方法,均匀地混合和/或研磨活性成分与补充剂如溶剂、固体载体的以某些情况下加入的表面活性化合物(表面活性剂),以制成组合物。
适用的溶剂是:芳族烃,较好是含8至12个碳原子的烃,典型的有二甲苯混合物或取代的萘,邻苯二甲酸酯如邻苯二甲酸二丁酯或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,脂族烃如环己烷或石蜡;还有醇和乙二醇和它们的醚和酯,典型的包括乙醇、亚乙基二醇、乙二醇单甲或单乙醚,酮如环己酮;强极性溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺;以及植物油或环氧化植物油如环氧化椰油或大豆油;以及水。
用于粉剂和可分散粉末的固体载体通常是矿物充填剂如方解石、滑石、高岭土、蒙脱土或硅镁土。为了改善物质性质,也可加入高度分散的硅酸或高度分散的吸收剂聚合物。适用的颗粒化吸附剂载体是多孔型的,例如可以是浮石、碎砖、海泡石或硅藻土;适用的非吸附载体是方解石或沙等材料。另外,可使用许多无机或有机性质的预粒化的材料,如云母石或粉碎的植物残渣。
根据欲配制的式Ⅰ和Ⅱ化合物的性质,适用的表面活性化合物可以是有良好乳化、分散和润湿性质的非离子型、阳离子型和/或阴离子型表面活性剂。术语“表面活性剂”应被理解为包括表面活性剂的混合物。
有关常规用于配制技术中的表面活性剂还可从下列出版物中查找到:
-“Mc Cutcheon’s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”McPublishing Corp,Glen Rock, New Jersey,1988;
-M and J.Ash,“Encyclopedia lf Surfactants” ,Vol.Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Chemical Publishing Co.,New York,1980-1981。
另外,特别有用的施用增强佐剂是脑磷脂和卵磷脂系列的天然或合成磷脂,典型的有磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油和溶血卵磷脂。
该土壤化学组合物通常含有0.1-99%(重量),较好0.1至95%(重量)的式Ⅰ和Ⅱ的化合物、99.99%至1%(重量),较好99.9%至5%(重量)的固体或液体佐剂,以及0至25%(重量),较好0.1至25%(重量)的表面活性剂。
其商品可作为浓缩物配制,使用者一般将使用其稀释配制品。
本发明还涉及这些土壤化学配制品。
下述实施例将举例说明本发明,其中术语“活性成分”是指特定比例的化合物Ⅰ和化合物Ⅱ的混合物。
配方实例可湿粉末 a) b) c)活性成分〔Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=2∶3(a),1∶1(b),1∶6(C) 25% 50% 75%木素磺酸钠 5% 5% -十二烷基磺酸钠 3% - 5%二异丁基萘磺酸钠 - 6% 10%辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇(7-8mol EO) - 2% -高分散硅 5% 10% 10%高岭土 62% 27% -
将活性成分与佐剂充分混合并将此混合物用适当研磨机充分研磨,得到可用水稀释成有任何所需浓度之悬浮液的可湿粉末。
乳油
活性成分(Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=2∶5) 10%
十二烷基苯磺酸钙 3%
辛基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇
(4-5Mol EO) 3%
聚乙氧化蓖麻油(35MOL EO) 4%
环己酮 30%
二甲苯混合物 50%
可用水稀释后由这些浓缩物制得用于植物保护的有任何所需浓度的乳剂。粉剂 a) b) c)活性成分〔Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=1∶4(a),1∶5(b)和1∶1(C)〕 5% 6% 4%滑石 95% - -高岭土 - 94% -矿物质粉末 - 96% -
充分混合活性成分与载体并在适当磨机中将混合物研磨粉碎即得到粉剂。该粉末也可用于涂敷干燥种子。
挤压颗粒
活性成分(Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=2∶3) 10%
木素磺酸钠 2%
羧甲基纤维素 1%
高岭土 82%
将活性成分与佐剂混合,研磨该混合物并用水润湿。用榨压机榨压成颗粒后在空气流中干燥。F5.包衣颗粒活性成分(Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=3∶5) 8%聚乙二醇200 3%高岭土 89%
将研细的活性成分均匀地加到混合器内用聚乙二醇润湿的高岭土中得到非粉剂包衣颗粒。
悬浮液浓缩物
活性成分(Ⅰ∶Ⅱ=3∶7) 48%
乙二醇 10%
壬基苯氧基聚乙氧基乙醇
(15mol EO) 6%
木素磺酸钠 100%
羧甲基纤维素 1%
75%含水乳液形式的硅油 1%
水 32%
将精细研磨的活性成分与佐剂充分混合得到悬浮浓缩物,经加水稀释后可由之得到有任何所需浓度的悬浮液。可用这种稀释配制品处理活的植物植物增殖材料,并可用喷雾、倾注和浸渍方法保护植物和植物增殖材料防止微生物感染。
生物学实施例
如果联合使用的活性成分的杀真菌作用大于个别杀真菌剂之作用的总合,即认为杀真菌剂已具有协同作用杀真菌剂。
用所谓的COLBY公式表达给定组合如两种杀真菌剂组合的预计植物生长E并计算如下(参见COLBY,S.R.,“Calculatingsynergistic and ant agonistic response of herbicide combinations”,Weeds 15,pages 20-22,1967):ppm=每升喷雾混合物中活性成分(=AⅠ)的毫克数X=使用p ppm活性成分时杀真菌剂Ⅰ的百分作用Y=使用q ppm活性成分时杀真菌剂Ⅱ的百分作用E=使用p+q ppm活性成分时杀真菌剂Ⅰ+Ⅱ的预计作用(加和作用)
根据Colby公式:E=X+Y+(X·Y)/100
如果实际观察的值(0)高于预计的值,则组合的作用大于加和作用,即存在协同作用。
下列实施例中,将未处理植物的侵染率定为100%,相当于0%作用。
实施例1:抗小麦pseudocerosporeUa herpotichoides的作用
将从杀真菌剂或杀真菌剂组合配方制备的喷雾混合物喷洒在10天岭小麦植物的滴水尖上。48小时后用真菌(小麦或黑麦型)的分生孢子悬浮液感染被处理的植物。然后在90-100%相对湿度和
20℃下保温2天并在12℃的气候小室中放置8周。感染后9周估
测真菌侵染率。
以60ppm化合物Ⅰ和200化合物Ⅱ的浓度得到下列结果:真菌型 %作用: 协同系数:AⅡ AⅢ 计算的E 检出的O O/E60ppm 200ppm WS(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)(60+200)ppm小麦: 13 20 30.4 52 1.71黑麦 2 10 11.8 45 3.81
实施例2:抗苹果上灰葡萄孢的作用
经将喷雾混合物(30μl试验化合物或其组合)溶在损伤部位上处理人工损伤的苹果。然后用真菌的孢子悬浮液接种被处理的果实并在高湿度和约20℃保温1周。根据受腐败攻击之损伤位点的数目确定试验化合物或其组合的杀真菌作用。以6ppm化合物Ⅰ和2ppm化合物Ⅱ的浓度得到下列结果:
%作用 协同系数
AⅡ AⅢ 计算的E 检出的O O/E
6ppm 2ppm AⅠ(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)
(6+2)ppm
40 40 64 85 1.33
实施例3:抗葡萄上灰葡萄孢的作用
将从杀真菌剂之可湿粉末配方制备的喷雾混合物喷洒到4至5片叶生长阶段之葡萄籽苗的滴水点上,并于24小时后用真的孢子囊悬液感染之。在95-100%相对湿度和20℃温度下保持6天后估计真菌浸染率。
实验A):杀真菌剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ浓度各为6ppm
作用% 协同系数
AⅡ AⅢ 计算的E 检出的O O/E
6ppm 6ppm AⅠ(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)
(6+6)ppm
18 18 33 76 2.3
实验B):杀真菌剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ浓度各为2ppm
作用% 协同系数
AⅡ AⅢ 计算的E 检出的O O/E
2ppm 2ppm AⅠ(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)
(2+2)ppm
18 0 18 35 1.9
实施例4:抗冬小麦上禾白粉菌的作用
将约20株“Bernina”冬小麦变种植物培养在16cm直径花盆内,培养的温室条件为白天20℃和60%相对湿度,夜间16℃和80%相对湿度。分蘖开始时(EC21)用降低了对DMI杀真菌剂之敏感性的禾白粉菌f.sp.tritici的分离物接种植物。
接种后3天,在大田条件下以500l水/公顷的施用比率,用喷雾转臂施用作为水悬浮液的单一杀真菌剂或杀真菌剂混合物。施用后4和11天确定得到接种物之时表面上侵染率的改变(估计初步浸染率)。各实验重复进行3次。不同比例之成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ的混合物均出现杀真菌活性的协同增强作用。
实施例5:抗大麦上圆核腔菌的作用
将从杀真菌剂或杀真菌剂混合物配方制备的喷雾混合物喷洒到6天龄大麦植物的滴水点上。2天后用圆核腔菌的孢子悬液接种植物并在21℃和90-100%湿度的温室内保温。1周后估计真菌侵染率。不同混合比例的成分Ⅰ和Ⅱ均出现杀真菌活性的协同增强作用。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中Ⅰ∶Ⅱ的重量比例为3∶1至1∶3。
3.根据权利要求1的成分Ⅰ和成分Ⅱ用于控制和抑制植物病原真菌。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其中谷物受到处理。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其包括控制和抑制小麦和大麦中的真菌Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其包括控制和抑制小麦和大麦的叶病。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其中植物增殖材料受到处理。
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CN102007912B (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-08-14 | 陕西美邦农药有限公司 | 一种含有嘧菌环胺的杀菌组合物 |
CN103314983B (zh) * | 2012-03-23 | 2016-06-08 | 陕西韦尔奇作物保护有限公司 | 一种含有嘧菌胺的杀菌组合物 |
JP2013032375A (ja) * | 2012-10-05 | 2013-02-14 | Japan Enviro Chemicals Ltd | 防かび組成物 |
AT516549B1 (de) * | 2014-11-20 | 2017-05-15 | Wenatex Forschung - Entw - Produktion Gmbh | Antimikrobielles Mittel zum biociden Ausrüsten von Polymeren |
CN107853316A (zh) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-03-30 | 广东中迅农科股份有限公司 | 一种含有嘧菌环胺和咪鲜胺的杀菌组合物 |
KR102099419B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-02 | 2020-04-09 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | 폴리에틸렌글리콜, 탈지유 및 유용 미생물을 유효성분으로 포함하는 식물병 방제를 위한 비-벡터링용 조성물 |
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- 1994-05-26 DK DK94810303T patent/DK0627164T4/da active
- 1994-05-26 ES ES94810303T patent/ES2089899T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-26 DE DE59400429T patent/DE59400429D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-31 BG BG98819A patent/BG62027B1/bg unknown
- 1994-06-01 PL PL94303678A patent/PL175601B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-01 RO RO94-00909A patent/RO109268B1/ro unknown
- 1994-06-02 CA CA002125019A patent/CA2125019A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-02 IL IL10986594A patent/IL109865A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-02 SK SK672-94A patent/SK280213B6/sk unknown
- 1994-06-02 CZ CZ941358A patent/CZ285959B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-03 RU RU94019319A patent/RU2121792C1/ru active
- 1994-06-03 CN CN94106521A patent/CN1071093C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-03 JP JP6145676A patent/JPH06345607A/ja active Pending
- 1994-06-03 HU HU9401672A patent/HU214301B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-03 AU AU64524/94A patent/AU676292B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-06-03 BR BR9402169A patent/BR9402169A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
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1996
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2001
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