CN107075656A - 用于制造用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑的方法以及蒸馏甑 - Google Patents
用于制造用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑的方法以及蒸馏甑 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 9
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000018459 dissociative disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑的方法，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其中所述蒸馏甑由不锈钢制成。本发明还包含一种用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑。最后，本发明包括一种具有本发明蒸馏甑的氮化炉。根据本发明，至少所述蒸馏甑的在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的表面用酸洗剂酸洗。优选地，所述表面在酸洗后用电镀浴中的电解质抛光。随后用硝酸钝化蒸馏甑的经抛光的表面。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于制造用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑(Retorte)的方法，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其中蒸馏甑由不锈钢制成。本发明还包含一种用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑。最后，本发明包括一种氮化炉。
金属工件可以在预定的气氛中以多种方式进行热处理。通常已知的方法是对由钢制成的工件进行氮化。这是一种用于钢的表面硬化的方法，其中来自含氮气氛的氮富集在钢部件的表面中。氮化是钢的表面硬化的方法。氮碳共渗(Nitrocarburieren)是氮化和渗碳的组合。
氮化-和氮碳共渗方法在氮化炉的可抽成真空的蒸馏甑中进行。蒸馏甑由不锈钢或由不锈钢构成。对于在500℃和580℃之间的氮化-和氮碳共渗方法，使用气态介质，确切地说主要是氮气（N2）、二氧化碳（CO2）、氢或H2、吸热型气体、烃（CxHy）和氨（NH3）。氨在该方法中必须作为氮供体(Stickstoffspender)存在。
为了将氮引入到钢部件或由钢制成的工件的表面中，氮必须以原子形式存在。由于键的高稳定性，作为分子的氮不再可用于该方法。
在该方法中在给定的温度-和压力条件下通过加入气态氨来产生原子氮。
氨根据以下反应表现：
NH3 → [N] + 3/2 H2
或
2 NH3 → N2 + 3 H2
其中仅在第一种情况下的原子氮即[N]可用于扩散传输到钢部件中。在此氨在钢部件或工件的表面上部分裂解，由此产生的原子氮沉积在工件中并形成硬化层。在氮化过程中释放的氢与未裂解的氨一起离开炉子并且通常被处理。若不可避免的再组合成N2已经进行完全，则氮化过程结束。
所供给的氨应优选直接在钢部件上分解，以便在那里提供足够量的原子氮，即高氮化势能。所谓的氮化特征参数KN实现该氮化势能的量化。这被定义为
其中p是分压。除了温度-和压力条件之外，离解反应也受催化影响。这种受催化影响的氨的离解是不期望的，但是其原则上发生在反应空间内的所有金属和活性表面上。在甑式炉设备中，这些主要是蒸馏甑的内表面，但也是用于工件的支承装置的表面。不锈钢1.4841（X15CrNiSi25-21）或不锈钢1.4828通常用于蒸馏甑。由于该不锈钢的组分的高镍含量，存在氨的过早裂解的明显倾向。为此，必须供给相对大量的氨以设定特定的氮化势能。此外，由于氮化过程，这种材料不可避免地氮化，这导致非期望的表面粗糙度的增加和关于使用寿命的缺点。
因此，本发明的目的在于，开发一种用于制造蒸馏甑的方法，以避免上述缺点，特别是避免在氮化过程中的氮化。此外，本发明的目的在于，提供一种改进的蒸馏甑和具有改进的蒸馏甑的氮化炉，该改进的蒸馏甑特别具有高的抗氮化性。
根据本发明，该目的通过根据权利要求1的方法实现。至少蒸馏甑的在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的表面用酸洗剂酸洗。特别地蒸馏甑的内表面或内壁与预定的气氛接触。预定的气氛特别是含氮的气氛。
本发明基于这样的认识，即如果在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的金属表面，特别是在蒸馏甑内部的表面具有尽可能高的钝性，则非期望的反应可以最小化。用酸洗剂处理的蒸馏甑的表面仅具有低的催化活性。由此用较低氨量在蒸馏甑中的氮化期间建立高的氮化势能将是可行的。所述酸洗剂优选包含硝酸和氢氟酸，特别是硝酸和氢氟酸的混合物。
优选地，在酸洗之后，用电镀浴中的电解质来抛光表面。这导致表面粗糙度的减小，即总体上导致小的总表面。因此作为离解的前级的氨在表面上的吸附减少。还有利的是更高的抗腐蚀性。由此延长了蒸馏甑的总使用寿命。经电解抛光的表面特别是蒸馏甑的内表面。根据本发明，所述电解质包含磷酸和硫酸。优选地，电解抛光在由磷酸和硫酸组成的电镀浴中进行。优选地，经抛光的表面用硝酸钝化。
在本发明的范围内，圆柱形的蒸馏甑由焊接的板坯件制成。优选地，蒸馏甑同心地包括用于在热处理期间接收工件的导筒。
此外，本发明实现了一种用于优选可抽成真空的氮化炉的蒸馏甑，在其中金属工件在预定的（含氮）气氛中进行热处理，其中该蒸馏甑由不锈钢(nichtrostenden Stahl)或不锈钢(Edelstahl)制成，其特征在于，至少所述蒸馏甑的在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的表面已经用酸洗剂酸洗。
工件的热处理在蒸馏甑中发生。经酸洗的表面特别是蒸馏甑的内表面。
在一个优选的实施方案中，蒸馏甑由焊接的板坯件制造。优选地，蒸馏甑为圆柱形。优选地，蒸馏甑同心地包括用于在热处理期间接收工件的导筒。
优选地，蒸馏甑的经酸洗的表面电解抛光。这些特别是蒸馏甑的内表面和导筒的在热处理期间与大气接触的表面。
优选地，蒸馏甑的经抛光的表面已用硝酸钝化。
最后，本发明包含一种氮化炉，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其特征在于，该氮化炉包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的蒸馏甑。用于进行氮化-和氮碳共渗方法的氮化炉通常具有在其中发生上述方法的可抽成真空的蒸馏甑。
以下将借助优选的实施例更详细地描述本发明。
制造用于可抽成真空的氮化炉的蒸馏甑。首先，由轧制不锈钢板制成板坯件，形成基本上圆柱形的蒸馏甑，和将板坯件焊接。蒸馏甑包括本身已知的由不锈钢制成的导筒。导筒用于在氮化过程期间接收或存放工件。蒸馏甑和导筒的内表面被酸洗。为此，使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合物。用酸洗剂处理的表面仅具有低的催化活性。由此用较低氨量在蒸馏甑中的氮化期间建立高的氮化势能将是可行的。
酸洗后，将经酸洗的表面在由磷酸和硫酸组成的电镀浴中电解抛光。然后，用硝酸钝化经酸洗的表面。电解抛光导致表面粗糙度减小，即总体上导致小的总表面。因此作为离解的前级的氨在表面上的吸附减少。还有利的是更高的抗腐蚀性。由此显著延长了蒸馏甑的使用寿命。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于制造用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑的方法，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其中所述蒸馏甑由不锈钢制成，其特征在于，至少所述蒸馏甑的在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的表面用酸洗剂酸洗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述酸洗剂包含硝酸和氢氟酸。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在酸洗后，所述表面用电镀浴中的电解质抛光。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电解质包含磷酸和硫酸。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的方法，其特征在于，用硝酸钝化经抛光的表面。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑为圆柱形，所述蒸馏甑由焊接的板坯件制成。
7.一种用于氮化炉的蒸馏甑，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其中所述蒸馏甑由不锈钢制成，其特征在于，至少所述蒸馏甑的在氮化炉的运行状态中与预定的气氛接触的表面已经用酸洗剂酸洗。
8.根据权利要求7所述的蒸馏甑，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑由焊接的板坯件制造。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的蒸馏甑，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑为圆柱形。
10.根据权利要求7至9中任一项所述的蒸馏甑，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑同心地包括用于在热处理期间接收所述工件的导筒。
11.根据权利要求7至10中任一项所述的蒸馏甑，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑的经酸洗的表面电解抛光。
12.根据权利要求11所述的蒸馏甑，其特征在于，所述蒸馏甑的经酸洗且经电解抛光的表面已用硝酸钝化。
13.一种氮化炉，在其中金属工件在预定的气氛中进行热处理，其特征在于，所述氮化炉包括根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的蒸馏甑。
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| DE102014111779.4A DE102014111779A1 (de) | 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-18 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Retorte für einen Nitrierofen sowie Retorte |
| DE102014111779.4 | 2014-08-18 | ||
| PCT/EP2015/068805 WO2016026795A1 (de) | 2014-08-18 | 2015-08-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer retorte für einen nitrierofen sowie retorte |
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| US10294537B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
| EP3183378A1 (de) | 2017-06-28 |
| RU2686710C2 (ru) | 2019-04-30 |
| DE102014111779A1 (de) | 2016-02-18 |
| RU2017108904A3 (zh) | 2018-11-19 |
| HRP20181062T1 (hr) | 2018-09-07 |
| JP2017531092A (ja) | 2017-10-19 |
| US20170226604A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
| RS57408B1 (sr) | 2018-09-28 |
| PL3183378T3 (pl) | 2018-09-28 |
| EP3183378B1 (de) | 2018-06-20 |
| SI3183378T1 (sl) | 2018-10-30 |
| DE202015100285U1 (de) | 2015-08-24 |
| JP6530054B2 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
| WO2016026795A1 (de) | 2016-02-25 |
| RU2017108904A (ru) | 2018-09-21 |
| TR201809755T4 (tr) | 2018-07-23 |
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