CN107006861B - 甜组合物在制备预防高血糖与低血糖症状的食品中的应用 - Google Patents
甜组合物在制备预防高血糖与低血糖症状的食品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种甜组合物在制备预防高血糖与低血糖症状的食品中的应用,包括将所述甜组合物投予至个体,其中所述甜组合物含有D‑阿洛酮糖以及可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖作为活性成分。所述食品预防糖尿病患者的血糖水平急剧增高的高血糖症状,同时预防对糖尿病患者为致命性的低血糖症状。
Description
本申请是分案申请,母案的申请号:201280052150.6,申请日:2012年9月17日,名称:含有可缓慢消化成分的用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其含有D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖作为活性成分。本发明尤其涉及甜味组合物在制备预防高血糖与低血糖症状的食品中的应用。
背景技术
糖含有蔗糖作为主要成分,且为在加入到食品中后展现甜味的代表性甜味剂之一。糖具有杰出的甜度且因而已被视为加入到各种食品和加工食品中以改良食品味道和刺激食欲的最优选甜味剂之一。然而,最近随着已经揭示糖的有害作用,正在报导关于其使用的问题。具体地说,过量糖摄取是牙齿蛀蚀以及如肥胖症、糖尿病等各种生活方式相关疾病的主要原因。出于这些原因,全世界需要替代性糖作为糖的替代物。
糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌不足或由于分泌的胰岛素不能有效地发挥作用所致的一类代谢疾病。糖尿病的特征在于高血糖水平,由此引起各种症状且导致葡萄糖于尿液中排出。有两种类型糖尿病,即1型和2型。1型糖尿病称为“青少年糖尿病(juvenilediabetes)”且由身体无法产生胰岛素引起。在2型糖尿病中,产生的胰岛素不充足。2型糖尿病由胰岛素抗性引起,这是一种细胞由于胰岛素反应受到削弱而不能有效燃烧葡萄糖,从而使血糖水平升高的病状。已知2型糖尿病在很大程度上受如高卡路里、高脂肪及高蛋白饮食、缺乏运动、压力等环境因素影响。另外,已知糖尿病还可能由特定基因缺陷或胰脏手术、感染、药物等引起。
在糖尿病中,虽然一般来说高血糖症状是最明显和值得注意的,但低血糖症状可能正如高血糖症状一样致命。在血糖水平正常的人中,这个人一般在空腹血糖水平下降到55毫克/分升(mg/dL)以下时展现低血糖症状。然而,已知糖尿病患者可能展现低血糖症状,即使患者的血糖水平高于70毫克/分升。因此,无条件提供具有低卡路里的甜味剂或提供能够抑制糖吸收的甜味剂可能由于过度降低糖尿病患者的血糖水平而引起意料之外的不良反应。
在此情况下,强烈需要具有适合于替代糖的甜度和低卡路里的经改良甜味剂,从而通过仅抑制糖吸收来防止过量糖摄取。
D-阿洛酮糖(D-pscicose)是D-果糖(D-fructose)的差向异构体(epimer),并且是功能糖中被称为稀有糖的一个子类别。已知,D-阿洛酮糖具有等效于约60%到70%糖甜度的高甜度且具有接近于零的卡路里,且因而可有效预防或治疗如肥胖症等成人疾病。另外,还已知因为D-阿洛酮糖能够抑制如葡萄糖、D-果糖等糖的吸收,故D-阿洛酮糖具有预防和治疗糖尿病的功效。此外,已知D-阿洛酮糖具有优良溶解度,且因而在应用于食品方面受到极大关注。
D-阿洛酮糖具有相对良好的甜度,但与糖相比具有相对较低的甜度。就此而言,单独使用D-阿洛酮糖作为甜味剂用于食品添加剂无法满足已习惯于糖的味道的消费者,从而阻碍市场接受度。为了克服这些源于单独使用D-阿洛酮糖的问题,即,为了在获得满足一般消费者的甜度的同时单独使用D-阿洛酮糖,将不可避免地增加D-阿洛酮糖的量,此举可使利用D-阿洛酮糖的食品具有过度粘稠的感觉,从而引起食物质感劣化。
另一方面,抗消化麦芽糊精(digestion-resistant maltodextrin)是一类膳食纤维(多糖)。如由其名称可见,抗消化麦芽糊精是在人体中难消化的膳食纤维,且特征在于具有聚合度高于一般麦芽糊精的高分子量碳水化合物结构。
作为与本发明相关的现有技术,有韩国专利公开案第10-2011-0035805A号(2011年4月6日公开)、韩国专利第10-0815212B1号(2008年3月19日公开)、韩国专利第10-0910081B1号(2009年7月30日公开)等。
发明内容
【技术问题】
本发明旨在提供一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其含有D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖作为活性成分。本发明尤其旨在提供一种甜味组合物在制备预防高血糖与低血糖症状的食品中的应用。
本发明的发明人已发现,当D-阿洛酮糖(其为低卡路里甜味剂且已知具有预防和减轻糖尿病功效)单独使用时,D-阿洛酮糖由于低甜度而不能有效地发挥作为甜味剂的作用。出于这个原因,已进行各种努力以便通过混合D-阿洛酮糖与具有优良甜度的其它糖或糖醇(如塔格糖、木糖、木糖醇等)来产生具有经改良甜度的甜味剂。然而,发现这种混合可能过度抑制引入体内的糖的消化和吸收,且因而可能导致血糖水平过低,从而又引起对糖尿病患者为致命性的副作用。
发明人已开发了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其组合使用D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖,所述组合物可提供的优势包括缓慢消化体内的葡萄糖,使血糖水平在进食后逐渐升高,从而通过缓慢但持续不断且适当地提供糖来预防糖尿病患者的血糖水平急剧增高的高血糖症状,同时预防对糖尿病患者为致命性的低血糖症状。
【技术解决方案】
根据本发明的一个实施例,用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物含有D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖作为活性成分。
根据另一个实施例,可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖可包含至少一种从由巴拉金糖(palatinose)、海藻糖(trehalose)、抗消化麦芽糊精以及寡糖构成的群组中选出的多糖。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物还可以包含高强度甜味剂。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,高强度甜味剂可以包含从由甜菊糖苷、三氯蔗糖、阿司帕坦(aspartame)、罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenori)提取物、甘草(Glycyrrhizauralensis Fischer)提取物、索马甜(thaumatin)以及龙舌兰(agave)糖浆构成的群组中选出的至少一者。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖的存在量可以是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.01倍到200倍,且高强度甜味剂的存在量可以是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.001倍到2倍。
【有利作用】
通过组合使用D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖,本发明提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,所述组合物可实现非常缓慢地消化体内的葡萄糖以逐渐提高血糖水平,从而通过缓慢但持续不断且适当地提供糖而不过度抑制糖的供应来预防糖尿病患者的血糖水平急剧增高的高血糖症状,同时预防对糖尿病患者为致命性的低血糖症状。
另外,根据另一个实施例,本发明提供了一种甜味剂组合物,其包含特定比率的D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖,且因而与按其它任选成分比率制备的甜味剂组合物相比在减轻糖尿病方面具有杰出的性质。
根据另一个实施例,本发明提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其可通过加入特定的高强度甜味剂而在增加甜度的同时降低卡路里,并且具有经改良的甜度品质。
根据另一个实施例,通过使用高强度甜味剂中的三氯蔗糖,本发明提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,所述组合物在提供低血糖指数及实质上为零的卡路里的同时展现与糖相似的甜度,从而在1型或2型糖尿病患者中实现优良短期或长期血糖控制。
附图说明
图1是示出实验实例1中的血糖变化的图。
图2是示出实验实例2中的葡萄糖曲线下面积变化的图。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将更详细地描述本发明。本文中将省略对本技术领域或相关领域的技术人员显而易见的细节的描述。
本发明提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其含有D-阿洛酮糖和可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖作为活性成分。
术语“可缓慢消化”意指在人体的小肠中以缓慢速度进行消化的性质。
术语“抗消化”意指在人体的小肠中不易于进行消化的性质。
本发明的另一个实施例提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其包含从由巴拉金糖、海藻糖、抗消化麦芽糊精及寡糖构成的群组中选出的至少一种多糖作为可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖。
多糖是指由两个以上单糖单元结合而形成的糖,即,高于二糖的糖。
巴拉金糖(palatinose)是在自然界中发现的一种天然二糖。巴拉金糖可以从蜂蜜、甘蔗等获得。在工业上,巴拉金糖可以通过使用能够改变糖结构的酶处理糖来产生。巴拉金糖具有葡萄糖分子与果糖分子结合的二糖结构。
当与如糖或淀粉等糖一起食用时,巴拉金糖可以提供延迟糖吸收的作用。巴拉金糖以对应于1/5糖消化速率的缓慢速率消化。即,因为巴拉金糖的消化和吸收是以缓慢速率进行并且避免血糖水平增加,所以巴拉金糖提供抑制胰岛素分泌和脂肪积聚的作用。
海藻糖(trehalose)是一类储存碳水化合物且主要发现于各种细菌、真菌、酵母、昆虫、动物、植物等相似物中。海藻糖是一种非还原性二糖,其中两个葡萄糖分子结合。
抗消化麦芽糊精(digestion-resistant maltodextrin)是一类膳食纤维并且是指在体内难消化的多糖。
寡糖(oligosaccharide)是指两个以上单体单元经由糖苷键结合的多糖。具体地说,因为对应于抗消化寡糖的低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharide)、半乳糖寡糖(galactooligosaccharide)、大豆寡糖(soybean oligosaccharide)、分支寡糖、低聚半乳糖(lactooligosaccharide)、壳寡糖(chitooligosaccharide)、低聚龙胆糖(gentiooligosaccharide)等相似物不会被体内的消化酶消化,所以在摄取寡糖后血糖水平不会上升。因此,寡糖不会实质上影响血糖水平,且由肠发酵产生的有机酸的吸收不会实质上影响血糖水平。
本发明中所使用的寡糖在键结的单糖的数目方面不受限制(例如二糖、三糖、四糖、五糖等),并且可以利用还原性或非还原性寡糖。
本发明的另一个实施例提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,其还包含高强度甜味剂。
高强度甜味剂是指展现出的甜度是糖的数倍到数百倍高的甜味剂。
高强度甜味剂不受特别限制,但高强度甜味剂可以包含从由甜菊糖苷、三氯蔗糖、阿司帕坦、罗汉果提取物、甘草提取物、索马甜(thaumatin)以及龙舌兰糖浆中选出的至少一者。
甜菊糖苷(steviol glycoside)是指通过处理甜菊(Stevia rebaudiana)叶的水溶性提取物而获得的材料。优选使用瑞鲍迪苷A(rebaudioside A;Reb A)作为甜菊糖苷。当使用瑞鲍迪苷A作为高强度甜味剂时,可以避免如甜菊糖苷等高强度甜味剂的苦味、金属味等特征,从而提供一种用于预防和治疗肥胖症的甜味剂组合物,所述组合物具有优良口味。
三氯蔗糖(sucralose)是指通过用氯取代糖的羟基而获得的合成糖类似物。
阿司帕坦(aspartame)是指由苯丙氨酸和天冬氨酸(aspartic acid)制备的氨基酸型合成甜味剂。
罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenori)提取物是指由罗汉果的果实获得的提取物,罗汉果是属于葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)的多年生草本植物。本发明中所使用的提取物在提取方法方面不受特别限制。通过本发明技术领域或类似领域中已知的方法制备的任何提取物都可以使用。
甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer)提取物是指由甘草获得的提取物,甘草是属于肉桂属(genus Cassia)的多年生草本植物。本发明中所使用的提取物在其提取方法方面不受特别限制。通过本发明技术领域或类似领域中已知的方法制备的任何提取物都可以使用。
索马甜(thaumatin)是指从非洲竹芋(Thaumatococcus daniellii)的果实中提取,随后对提取物进行纯化而获得的蛋白质型甜味剂。提取物在提取方法方面不受限制,并且通过本发明技术领域或类似领域中已知的方法制备的任何提取物都可以使用。
龙舌兰(agave)糖浆是指得自于蓝色特奎拉韦伯龙舌兰(Blue Tequilana WebreAgave)的糖浆,这种龙舌兰属于沙漠龙舌兰(Agave deserti Engelm)类。本发明中所使用的龙舌兰糖浆不受特别限制,而是通过收集六年龄的蓝色特奎拉韦伯龙舌兰,提取所收集的蓝色特奎拉韦伯龙舌兰以获得汁液,以及将所述汁液加热到适当温度以将其浓缩而获得的呈糖浆形式的天然有机产物。
龙舌兰糖浆是甜度为一般糖的1.5倍且血糖指数(GI)为一般糖的约1/3的天然甜味剂。龙舌兰糖浆的主要成分是对应于多糖集合的菊糖,其中多糖是指其中称为果聚糖(fructan)的果糖聚合物(其为膳食纤维)连续连接的一类糖。与果糖不同,菊糖实质上不影响血糖和胰岛素,且不增高三酸甘油酯水平。因此,龙舌兰糖浆适用于糖尿病患者且具有可帮助预防和控制与血糖水平相关的疾病的作用。另外,龙舌兰糖浆可以含有如铁、钙、钾、镁等矿物质。
根据另一个实施例,通过采用高强度甜味剂中的三氯蔗糖,本发明提供了一种用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物,所述组合物在提供低血糖指数及实质上为零的卡路里的同时展现与糖最相似的甜度,从而在1型或2型糖尿病患者中实现优良短期或长期血糖控制。
根据另一个实施例,用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物所含有的可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖的量是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.01倍到200倍,优选为0.01倍到100倍,更优选为0.1倍到50倍。
此外,用于减轻糖尿病的甜味剂组合物所含有的高强度甜味剂的量是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.001倍到2倍,优选为0.001倍到1.5倍,更优选为0.001倍到1倍。
在这个含量范围内,甜味剂可以具有以下优势:可以抑制摄取甜味剂后血糖水平急剧上升的问题或空腹血糖水平过低的低血糖症状,且甜味剂具有与糖相似的甜度。
在下文中,将参考实例、比较例以及实验实例更详细地描述本发明。提供这些实例仅用于说明且不应被视为以任何方式限制本发明。
实例1、实例2以及比较例1到比较例3
甜味剂组合物的制备
制备如表1中所列出的甜味剂组合物。
在比较例1中,使用5克糖。通过调配如表1中所列出的组分以使得组合物展现出与5克糖相似的甜度来制备比较例2和比较例3以及实例1和实例2的甜味剂组合物。
表1
在甜味剂组合物中,比较例2中所使用的赤藻糖醇对应于实质上零卡路里且仅提供甜度而不影响血糖水平的材料。实例2中所使用的瑞鲍迪苷A是一种甜菊糖苷且是通过从甜菊糖苷中提取具有甜味的组分而制备的天然高强度甜味剂。
实验实例1
测量血糖变化
(1)制备用于测量血糖的试样和摄取方法
为了测量食用比较例1到比较例3以及实例1和实例2中所制备的各甜味剂组合物后的血糖水平变化,对空腹血糖指数为100毫克/分升以下且由二十来岁到四十来岁的五名男性和五名女性组成的正常群组进行以下实验。
甜味剂组合物摄取是通过向个体提供相同的膳食并且然后允许他们饮用含有甜味剂组合物的咖啡来进行。
给予个体的膳食如表2中所列出。
表2
食品材料 | 用量(克) |
面包 | 75 |
火腿 | 20 |
生菜 | 20 |
草莓酱 | 20 |
蟹柳 | 30 |
切达奶酪(Cheddar cheese) | 10 |
如表2中所示,给予个体的膳食由75克面包、20克火腿、20克生菜、20克草莓酱、30克蟹柳以及10克切达奶酪组成。作为使用韩国食品组成表(CanPro 3.0,韩国营养协会)的分析结果,发现膳食的总卡路里含量为356.4千卡,其由59.57%糖、18.14%蛋白质以及22.27%脂质组成。
进食后,个体饮用咖啡,所述咖啡是通过将1.6克无糖咖啡与比较例1到比较例3以及实例1和实例2中所制备的甜味剂组合物混合在200克热水中而制成。
给予个体的咖啡组合物如表3中所列出。
表3
(2)测量血糖水平变化
为了测量进食后的血糖变化,检查进食前的血糖水平,随后为个体提供膳食,然后给予咖啡。以30分钟间隔测量血糖,持续2小时。
进食和咖啡摄取后的血糖水平变化概述于表4中(参见图1)。
表4
*对应于实例1和实例2中的时间区域,表明与比较例1(糖)相比p<0.01以下的血糖显著差异
实验实例2
测量血糖曲线下面积的变化
以30分钟间隔进行与实验实例1中相同的实验,持续2小时,以便测量个体的G-AUC(Area under the curve of glucose;葡萄糖的曲线下面积)。
G-AUC的结果概述于表5中。
表5
如表5中所示,与比较例1的组合物相比,实例1和实例2都显示120分钟内的G-AUC显著减小(参见图2)。
如由实验实例1和实验实例2的结果可见,进食后血糖增高持续约60分钟,且在进食60分钟后,血糖水平显示倾向于恢复到空腹血糖水平。
当个体在进食后饮用含有甜味剂组合物的咖啡时,到饮用咖啡后60分钟时的血糖增高程度从高到低按顺序为比较例1、比较例2、比较例3、实例2以及实例1。在进食且饮用咖啡后90分钟到120分钟时,实例1和实例2中的血糖水平高于比较例1到比较例3。
糖尿病的主要原因之一是胰岛素控制能力不佳,由此导致一些问题。即,进食后血糖水平急剧上升,导致胰岛素过度分泌、以及空腹血糖水平引起低血糖病状。
比较例1显示由膳食与含糖咖啡所致的组合血糖增高引起的血糖增高程度最大。比较例2显示仅由膳食所致的血糖增高。比较例3显示D-阿洛酮糖具有降低进食后的血糖增高程度的作用。
可见,实例1和实例2的组合物抑制进食后血糖急剧上升且与比较例的组合物相比显示空腹血糖增高。可以理解,实例1的组合物提供在空腹时或在进食后经过某一段时间后通过持续不断地供应血糖来防止低血糖症的作用,且同时抑制血糖急剧变化。
换句话说,在实例1和实例2中,已确定小肠中由D-阿洛酮糖所致的碳水化合物吸收抑制作用和由抗消化麦芽糊精所致的食物消化延迟作用可以显著降低进食后血糖急剧上升,由此允许缓慢消化食物,从而即使在进食后2小时仍持续不断地向身体供应糖。
实验实例3
甜味剂组合物的感官评估
为了评估实例1和实例2中所制备的甜味剂组合物的感官知觉,使用以与实验实例1相同的方式所制备的各自含有蔗糖的咖啡(对应于实验实例1的比较例1)和各自含有实例1和实例2的甜味剂组合物的咖啡对25名二十来岁到五十来岁的成年男性和女性进行感官评估。
在1到5范围内来评估感官分析。感官分析的结果概述于表6中。
表6
总体接受度 | 颜色接受度 | 总体风味接受度 | 口味接受度 | 回味接受度 | |
含糖咖啡 | 3.30 | 3.62 | 3.52 | 3.34 | 3.22 |
实例1 | 3.15 | 3.50 | 3.35 | 3.30 | 3.20 |
实例2 | 3.28 | 3.55 | 3.47 | 3.20 | 3.24 |
如由实验实例1到实验实例3的结果可见,已确定本发明的甜味剂组合物具有与糖相似的甜度和感官品质以及防止血糖急剧上升和空腹低血糖病状的作用。因此,甜味剂组合物符合用于糖尿病患者的有效甜味剂。此外,甜味剂组合物可以多种方式应用于需要控制/管理血糖的人士。
Claims (7)
1.一种甜组合物在制备预防高血糖症状与低血糖症状的健康功能性食品中的应用,包括将所述甜组合物在进食后投予至个体,其中所述甜组合物含有D-阿洛酮糖、可缓慢消化多糖或抗消化多糖以及瑞鲍迪苷A作为活性成分,
其中所述可缓慢消化多糖或所述抗消化多糖包括抗消化麦芽糊精,
其中所述瑞鲍迪苷A的量是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.001倍到2倍,且
其中所述甜组合物不含其它高强度甜味剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中预防高血糖症状与低血糖症状包括预防进食后的高血糖症状与空腹的低血糖症状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述可缓慢消化多糖或所述抗消化多糖还包括至少一种寡糖。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述可缓慢消化多糖或所述抗消化多糖还包括从由巴拉金糖以及海藻糖构成的群组中选出的至少一种多糖,其中所述多糖是由两个以上单糖单元结合而形成的糖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述可缓慢消化多糖或所述抗消化多糖的存在量是D-阿洛酮糖重量的0.01倍到200倍。
6.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其中所述进食后表示在进食后1个小时内。
7.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其中所述进食后表示在进食后2个小时内。
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WO2013039365A3 (ko) | 2013-05-10 |
TR201802346T4 (tr) | 2018-03-21 |
JP2014529994A (ja) | 2014-11-17 |
KR20130029754A (ko) | 2013-03-25 |
ES2657021T3 (es) | 2018-03-01 |
US20160324201A1 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
JP2016127836A (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
CN103906437A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2756763B1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
US20140342074A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
JP6482480B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
WO2013039365A2 (ko) | 2013-03-21 |
NO2756763T3 (zh) | 2018-05-12 |
EP2756763A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
KR101486367B1 (ko) | 2015-01-26 |
DK2756763T3 (en) | 2018-03-19 |
CN107006861A (zh) | 2017-08-04 |
EP2756763A2 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
PL2756763T3 (pl) | 2018-05-30 |
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