CN1064685C - 四氢呋喃抗真菌剂 - Google Patents
四氢呋喃抗真菌剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1064685C CN1064685C CN94195025A CN94195025A CN1064685C CN 1064685 C CN1064685 C CN 1064685C CN 94195025 A CN94195025 A CN 94195025A CN 94195025 A CN94195025 A CN 94195025A CN 1064685 C CN1064685 C CN 1064685C
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 39
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 19
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 title description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- -1 ester amino acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 206010017533 Fungal infection Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001857 anti-mycotic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M magnesium;ethane;bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[CH2-]C FRIJBUGBVQZNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000066 S-methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 95
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- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluconazole Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(C=1C(=CC(F)=CC=1)F)(O)CN1C=NC=N1 RFHAOTPXVQNOHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 10
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Substances CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 8
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 8
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N (3S,8S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-isoquinolin-7-yl-N,N,10,13-tetramethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-amine Chemical compound CN(C)[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C)C3CC[C@@]4(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@H]4c4ccc5ccncc5c4)[C@@H]3CC=C2C1 IWZSHWBGHQBIML-ZGGLMWTQSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N trappsol cyclo Chemical compound CC(O)COC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](COCC(C)O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)COCC(O)C)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1COCC(C)O ODLHGICHYURWBS-LKONHMLTSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
公开了式(Ⅰ)的化合物,其醚或酯(如聚醚酯或磷酸酯)、其药物可接受的盐、其用于治疗和/或预防真菌感染的药物组合物:
其中X独立地都是F或都是Cl,或者一个X独立地为F的另一个独立地为Cl;R1是被一个或2个羟基基团取代的直链或支链C3-C8烷基。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及四氢呋喃抗真菌剂,即(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔(5-(2,4-二卤代苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-四氢呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔单羟基或二羟基取代的(C3-C8)烷基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮取代抗真菌剂、其药物可接受的醚、酯和盐,含有上述各物质的药物组合物,以及用这种四氢呋喃抗真菌剂治疗和/或预防包括温血动物,特别是人类的宿主所受到的真菌感染。
1990年6月1日公布的国际公布号WO89/04829和A.K.Saksena等的美国专利5,039,676公开了用下式代表的(±)顺和(±)反抗真菌化合物
式中,X=F、Cl;Z=低级烷基、2-低级烷基-3-氧-1,2,4-三唑-4-基取代的C2-C8烷酰基或苯基,比如有(±)-顺和(±)反-1-〔4-〔〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2〔(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基〕四氢-4-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-4-(1-甲基乙基)哌嗪。然而,WO89/04829并未公开本发明的化合物。
1993年5月5日公布的共同拥有的欧洲专利公布号No.05399381公开了比如〔(5R)-顺-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二卤代苯基)-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)四氢呋喃-3-7基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-(C1-C10)烷基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮抗真菌剂,但是并未公开本发明的化合物。
Janssen的美国专利4,791,111公开了比如(+)顺-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔(2-2,4-二氯苯基)-2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕-2,4-二氢-2-(2-羟基-1-甲基丙基)-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮用作抗菌剂,并具有增大的溶解度,但它并未公开本发明化合物。
对于具有增大溶解度,并对治疗系统真菌感染,特别是对霉菌属、念珠菌属、隐球菌和机会致病菌的感染具有良好活性分布的广谱抗真菌剂是有需求的。
发明概述
式中,X独立地表示都是F或都是Cl,或者一个X独立地是F而另一个独立地是Cl;
R1是被一个或两个羟基取代的直链或支链(C3-C8)烷基,或其立体异构体,或其酯或醚,或其药物可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个优选的方面,提出了一类由式Ⅱ代表的化合物,其酯或醚,或其药物可接受的盐。
式中X独立地都是F或都是Cl,或者一个X独立地是F,而另一个独立地是Cl;
式中R2是H或C1-C3烷基,R3是被一个羟基取代的C1-C3烷基,带有星号(*)的碳具有R或S的绝对构形。
这里R6是H。
本发明及优选实施方案详述
在本文中使用的术语“被1个或2个羟基取代的C3-C8烷基”意味着3至8个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,它包括但不限于一个或两个羟基取代的甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、仲戊基、异戊基、叔戊基、新戊基、正己基、仲己基、异己基、叔己基、新己基、正庚基、仲庚基、异庚基、叔庚基、新庚基、正辛基、仲辛基、异辛基、叔辛基、新辛基,并包括这些C3-C8烷基的R和S立体异构体。
术语“一个羟基取代的C1-C3烷基”意味着
和-(CH2)3-OH其中带有星号(*)的碳原子具有R或S绝对构形。
术语“羟基取代的C4或C5烷基”意味着其中每个带有星号(*)的碳都有R或S绝对构形。
术语“药物可接受的醚”意味着(a)1-20个碳、优选1-8个碳、更优选1-6个碳的直链和支链烷氧基;(b)通式为-O-(CHR7)n-Ar(其中R7是C1-C6的直链和支链烷基,n=0-6优选1-3、Ar是苯基、卤素特别是氯和氟或硝基、氰基和三卤甲基特别是三氟甲基取代的苯基)的芳基(C1-C6)烷氧基。最优选的醚基包括甲氧基和苄氧基。
术语“酯”意味着(a)聚醚酯;(b)磷酸酯;(c)杂环酯;(d)烷基羧酸和烯基羧酸酯;(e)氨基烷羧酸酯和(f)酸性酯以及(g)硫酸酯。这里使用的术语“聚醚酯”意味着由通式代表的聚醚酯,其中R7如本文中所定义,s是1-6的整数,优选s=1-3,更优选s=1;t是1-6的整数,优选t=1-3,更优选t=2或3。R8是R7或-(CHR7)s-CO2R7;优选R8为CH3或C2H5或-CH2CO2H或-CH2CO2CH3、适用的聚醚酯一般包括-COCH2O(CH2CH2O)1CH3;-COCH2O(CH2CH2O)2CH3,和-COCH2O(CH2CH2O)3CH3。
这里使用的术语“磷酸酯”意味着由通式代表的磷酸酯,其中Z为0或1;R7如本文前面所定义,优选H;n为0-6的整数;m为0或1,W是H、CH2Ar或
而且此处Ar如本文前面所定义。适宜的磷酸和酯一般包括
或
或它们药物可接受的盐,这里m=n=1-4。
这里使用的“烷基羧酸酯和烯基酸酯”意味着任选地被羟基或醚基取代的直链或支链烷基羧酸酯或烯基羧酸酯基或这些烷基羧酸酯或烯基羧酸酯的混合物。
优选的烷基羧酸酯包括乙酸酯至十二碳烷酸酯,特别是乙酸酯至丁酸酯。优选的羟基取代烷基羧酸酯包括含羟基基团,特别是取代的C1-C8烷基羧酸酯。优选的烯基羧酸酯为C10-C20烯基羧酸酯。包括C14-C18烯基羧酸酯,如顺-7-十六碳烯酸酯。
这里使用的“氨基烷羧酸酯”包括天然的和人工合成的氨基酸残基,优选其具有的氨基受到先有技术专业人员公知的传统保护基如醋酸苯酯保护的氨基酸残基。
这里使用的术语“醚”意味着一般通过公知的Williamson醚合成法制造的C1-C6烷基或芳基(C1-C6)烷基。适用的醚基一般包括甲基和苄基。
本发明的化合物以及它们的酯和醚在各种体外试验中,对念珠菌、其它酵母菌、皮肤真菌、曲霉菌和机会致病真菌显示出广谱抗真菌活性。在Sabouraud葡萄糖液体培养基(SDB)介质中通过传统的琼脂稀释法对多种真菌进行了体外抗真菌活性试验。在24、48和72小时的试验后测量介质抑制浓度(MIC)。
术语“机会致病菌”包括隐球菌,组织胞浆菌、芽生菌、球苞子菌、镰孢菌、毛霉菌、巴西芽生菌、产色芽生菌、Wangiella、孢子丝菌、肺孢子虫菌、毛孢子菌等,它们在适当的动物种属比如鼠、大白鼠或免子中都显示出体内活性。预期本发明的化合物对许多属、种的细菌、原虫、革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌、厌氧菌、Legionella、疏螺旋体、支原体、密螺旋体、加德纳氏菌、毛滴虫和锥虫。
在式中R5=羟基取代的C4和C5烷基的优选式Ⅲ化合物,在SDB中对37种黑曲霉、黄曲霉、烟曲霉和土曲霉,表现出如下的体外抗真菌活性:几何平均MICs为≤0.05至≥1.53(mcg/ml)几何平均MFCs为0.27至≥4.24(mcg/ml)。
式中R5为羟基取代的C5烷基的优选式Ⅲ化合物显示出:
(1)比氟康唑更优异的抗真菌活性,这可由对白色念珠菌(N=26)、克鲁斯氏念球菌(N=26)、无毛念珠菌(N=9)、热带念球菌(N=4)、星状念球菌(N=1)、新型隐球菌(N=3)和皮肤真菌、T rubrumT menta和T tonsurans(N=6)进行的各种体外试验中,在48或78小时后得到的几何平均MIC和MFC测得;
(2)在如下的体内模型中显示出更优异的抗真菌活性:在肺部免疫损失的鼠模型(PO-1XDX4D)中对黄曲霉和烟曲霉(四株)与其它吡咯类化合物如伊曲康唑相比;以及对正常和缺损的白鼠(PO-1XDX4D)的白色念珠菌(4株)系统模型中与其它吡咯类化合物,如氟康唑相比。
在白鼠曲霉菌肺部感染模型中,本发明化合物的口服活体内抗真菌活性与吡咯类化合物,比如和氟康唑相当。使用的是David Loedenberg等人在刊物“Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy(1992),36498-501”中题为“Sch42427,The Active Enantiomer of Antifunal agentSch39304;In vitro Activty”的文章中所述的方法。在1993年5月5日公布的欧洲专利申请书No.0,539,938Al中也叙述了黄曲霉肺感染模型。
在SDB中,式Ⅲ的优选化合物与下列化合物相比表现出对37种曲霉有更好的体外抗真菌性:(a)其几何平均MICs为≤0.05至≤0.81,而氟康唑的几何平均MIC≥32;(b)其几何平均MFCs为≤0.89至≤3.78,而氟康唑的几何平均MFC≥32。
下面的表Q、R和S显示出与氟康唑相比,三种优选的式Ⅲ化合物具有更好的体外抗真菌活性。表Q表示这三种优选的式Ⅲ化合物以各种不同的MICs≤1mcg/ml的真菌株数的百分比表示的抗真菌活性与氟康唑的比较。表R表示以相同的MFCs≤1mcg/ml菌株百分比表示的抗真菌活性。表S表示对于这三种优选的式Ⅲ化合物对如表Q和R中所列相同微生物的体外MIC90的数值。
在式中
的最优选式Ⅲ化合物比具有类似结构的吡咯化合物,在用甲基纤维素的口服给药方剂时,在老鼠、白鼠、狗和猴子身上始终都显示出较高的血清含量,也显示出很长的口服后血清半衰期和良好的组织分布性。上面所列的最优选式Ⅲ化合物在一个生物体内大鼠模型口服后不是各种不同的细胞色素P-450肝脏药物代谢酶的诱导剂。
2.F7=氟康唑
优选的式Ⅳ的本发明化合物的酯和醚对很广范围的真菌也显示出优良的活体内抗真菌活性。在对于老鼠、大白鼠、狗和猴子口服或肠外给药投入比如化合物Ⅳ后,优选的式Ⅳ化合物的酯和醚列在下面,其中R9是: 在上文中更优选的酯在活体内容易代谢成为相应的醇,比如R5是最优选的可代谢酯包括式中R9是以下各基团的式Ⅳ化合物:
式Ⅰ所代表的本发明抗真菌化合物,在四氢呋喃环上与二卤苯基和1H,1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基两段基团相连的碳原子上具有R绝对立体化学构形,而CH2OY链节具有与1H,1,2,4-三唑-1-基-甲基链呈“顺式”的立体化学构形。请见如下式Ⅰ
式中R1是被1个或2个羟基取代的直链或支链C3-C8烷基,它最好以单个的立体异构物的形式存在,但是立体异构体混合物也在本发明的预期范围之内。
在Saksena等人的美国专利5,039,676的第9栏、59-68行和在第5栏、16行至52栏、44行的实施例68中一般性而非特定性地公开式Ⅰ化合物为“顺式”系列、第ii类。
一般性合成制备
可以使用在下面示意图Ⅰ-Ⅴ中所叙述的一系列步骤制备本发明的化合物。在示意图Ⅰ中,由按照实施例1a、1b和1c的商品化合物1很容易制备化合物3。通过在四异丙氧基钛(i-PrO)4Ti存在下,在质子惰性溶剂如二氯甲烷中,在0-35℃下通过L(+)酒石酸二乙酯(L-DET)与分子筛反应来制备化合物4。请见比如T.Katsuki、K.B.Sharpless在J.Am.Chem.Soc.,102,5974(1980);和103,464(1981)中的叙述。在此反应混合物(示意图上的步骤d)加入氧化剂,比如叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)。当使用L(+)酒石酸二乙酯时,加入化合物3就产生式4的化合物。在0-80℃下,在质子惰性溶剂如DMF中,在强碱如NaH存在下,化合物4与1H-1,2,4三唑反应就得到式5的二元醇化合物。在碱比如三乙胺(Et3N)存在下,在质子惰性溶剂如二氯甲烷中,化合物5与比如甲磺酰氯(MsCl)反应,化合物5的伯羟基就转化为残基,如甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯(化合物6)。在室温下,在质子惰性溶剂如DMF中用强碱(NaH)处理化合物6就得到环氧乙烷类化合物7。在25-75℃下,在强碱如NaH存在下,在质子惰性溶剂如DMCO中,7与丙二酸二乙酯反应,得到内酯8。在醇如乙醇(EtOH)中用金属氢化物如硼氢化锂(LiBH4)还原8,得到三元醇化合物9。在碱如Et3N存在下,在质子惰性溶剂如THF中让9与过量的甲苯磺酰氯反应,将9的两个伯醇转化为残基(甲磺酸酯或甲苯磺酸酯),得到二(甲苯磺酸)酯10。在100-120℃的高温下,在质子惰性溶剂如甲苯中让化合物1O与强碱如NaH接触,得到两种甲苯磺酸酯(顺式和反式)的混合物,用色谱将它们分离,得到顺式甲苯磺酸酯11,在25-75℃的温度下,在强碱如NaH存在下,在质子惰性溶剂如DMSO中使化合物11与醇HOY反应,就得到式Ⅰ化合物。
示意图Ⅱ提供了得到本发明化合物的另一种反应顺序。在NaH存在下,化合物11与商品化合物12反应,得到化合物13。在正丁醇存在下,用强碱如NaOH完成13中N-乙酰基的水解,得到化合物14。应该清楚,如不用化合物12中的N-乙酰基,也可以用任何其它碱性不稳定基团,如N-甲酰基、N-苯甲酰基来提供化合物13的相应N-甲酰和N-苯甲酰衍生物。在盐酸清除剂如K2CO3存在下,13与对氯硝基苯反应,得到硝基化合物15。在铂或钯催化剂存在下对15进行催化还原,得到胺16。在吡啶存在下,用氯甲酸苯酯处理16,得到氨基甲酸酯类中间体17。17与肼反应产生氨基脲18,在醋酸甲脒存在下将其环化得到关键的三唑酮19。按照实施例19和20进行烷基化,得到包括式Ⅰ化合物在内的结构20的化合物,式中R1如前面所定义。
示意图Ⅲ提供了应用酶化学得到顺式醇类26和顺式甲苯磺酸酯11的立体有择合成方法。比如,三醇化合物9与醋酸乙酯在猪胰脂肪酶存在下反应,得到单个的一醋酸酯21。用酸性不稳定基团,如四氢吡喃基保护21中剩下的伯羟基,得到如22的化合物。用碱如KOH使22中乙酰氧基水解,得到23。剩下的各步是:(i)将化合物23甲苯磺酰化,得到24;(ii)在NaH存在下将24环化得到25;(iii)用酸性催化剂如对甲苯磺酸将25中的THP醚解保护,得到26,再将得到的26甲苯磺酰化,得到关键中间体11。
在共同拥有的美国专利申请序列号No.08/055,268(1993年4月30日提交)中公开了关键中间体的优选制备方法的详细叙述,该专利在此引入作为参考。
示意图Ⅰ示意图Ⅱ示意图Ⅱ(续)反应物:(a)NaH;(b)NaOH/正丁醇;(c)p-Cl-C6H4NO2/K2CO3/DMSO;(d)H2/PVC;(e)C6H5OCOCl/吡啶/CH2Cl2;(f)NH2NH2/H2O/二噁烷;(g)醋酸甲脒DMF/加热(h)按照实施例19和20d20
示意图Ⅲ反应物(a)猪胰脂肪酶/EtOAc;(b)二氧吡喃/H+;(c)KOH;(d)甲苯磺酰氯/吡啶;(e)NaH;(f)甲醇/H+(g)甲苯磺酰氯/吡啶。
示意图Ⅴ
示意图Ⅵ(a)吡咯烷酮,室温,(b)R1x-X.NaH.DMF:(c)RED-AL.甲苯.-20°,(d)H2NNHCHO.MeOH:(e)R2xMgBr.Et2O,-10℃室温24h;(f)示意图Ⅴ中的17F和实施例32d的(g)H2,Pd.HCOOH,80℃.方法;示意图Ⅶ聚醚酯的制备 1DCCD=二环己基碳化二胺DMAP=4-(N,N-二甲氨基)吡啶
图Ⅶ的表
图Ⅶ的表42 43 45 M.S.CH3(OCH2CH2)OH ClCH2CO2Na -COCH2O(CH2CH2O)Me 817CH3(OCH2CH)2OH ClCH2CO2Na -COCH2O(CH2CH2O)2Me 861CH3(OCH2CH2)3OH- ClCH2CO2Na -COCH2(CH2CH2O)3Me 905HO2C(OCH2CH2)2OH ClCH2CO2Na -COCH2O(CH2CH2O)2COOH 905
42 | 43 | 45 | M.S. |
X | M- | ||
- | PGOCH2CO2HPG=保护基团如:CH2Ph | COCH2OH | 759.3 |
CH3(OCH2CH2)3OH | ClCH2CO2H | COCH2O(CH2CH2O)3Me | 905 |
磷酸酯
图ⅧB图ⅧA的表
示意图Ⅳ又提出一套反应程序来得到本发明的化合物。通过12的甲基醚进行示意图Ⅱ中步骤a-g的反应,由示意图Ⅱ中化合物12的甲基醚制备化合物27。化合物27与HBr或BBr3水溶液反应得到酚类化合物28。化合物28在环境温度下与1当量的NaH反应,然后用比如2-(三甲基)硅基乙氧基甲基氯(SEM-Cl)及DMF处理,得到SEM氮保护的化合物29。用NaH将化合物29去质子,然后在高温下,在DMF或DMSO中将如此形成的阴离子与甲苯磺酸酯反应,生成化合物30。通过比如在环境温度下用6N甲醇HCl溶液处理3小时,来除去30的氯保护基团,比如SEM,得到化合物19。在20℃用NaH和DMSO处理化合物19达3/4小时,然后用R1X烷基化就得到化合物1。在R1X中R1是至少具有一个被保护的羟基链节即O-SEM的C3-C8烷基,X是一个残基,比如说是对溴苯磺酸根通过比如6N的甲醇HCl溶液从化合物31上除去羟基保护基,比如O-SEM,就得到了式Ⅰ的本发明化合物。
示意图Ⅴ给示意图Ⅱ中所列本发明化合物的制备过程提供了一个优选路线。通过在50-60℃在无水DMSO中使4-〔4-(4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基〕酚与NaH反应30分钟制备出化合物31的钠盐,再在50-70℃使其与2,4-二氟苯基甲苯磺酸酯11F(在示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物11)反应1小时,在快速硅胶色谱或结晶之后得到化合物15F(示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物15)。在含有1NHCl的乙醇中,在5%的Pd/C存在下加氢还原15F得到氨基化合物16F(在示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物16)。在0-5℃,在无水吡啶中用氯甲酸苯酯与16F反应2小时,得到氨基甲酸苯酯17F(在示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物17)。在80℃,17F与水合肼在1,2-二甲氧基乙烷中反应4小时,得到氨基脲18F(在示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物18),在搅拌的反应器中,在80℃和干燥氩气保护下,使18F与醋酸甲脒和Et3N在2-甲氧基乙醇中反应过夜,得到3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮19F(在示意图Ⅱ中X=F的化合物19)。按照示意图Ⅳ的程序,化合物19(f)与R1X反应就得到式Ⅰ的化合物。
示意图Ⅵ为制备本发明的优选化合物提出另一个空间选择的路线。在室温,在二氯甲烷中使化合物35(比如S-乳酸甲酯)与过量的吡咯烷接触24小时,得到酰胺36。36与NaH在DMF中与比如氯化苄反应得到37,在-20℃用3.4M的二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)铝盐酸钠盐(“RED-AL”)甲苯溶液对酰胺37进行选择性还原,得到醛类38。醛38与H2NNHCHO在甲醇中反应得到39,它在-10℃-室温在无水乙醚中与格氏试剂反应,比如乙基溴化镁反应24小时,就得到40,其中S,S异构体:S,R异构体之比为94∶6。当在1.2当量的二(三甲基硅基)乙酰胺存在下进行格氏反应时,SS∶SR比为99∶1。在80℃,在甲苯中在DBU(1,8-二氮杂二环〔5,4,0〕十一碳-7-烯)存在下,使化合物40与示意图Ⅴ的化合物17F反应6小时,升高温度至100-11O℃进行环化,持续保持此温度过夜。通过薄层色谱提纯后,得到20F。在加热至60℃的含甲酸甲醇中用氢和钯黑处理20F,得到粗产物,将其分离并用薄层色谱提纯得到化合物20F,即在式中的式Ⅲ化合物。
对丙亚胺39进行格氏反应产生40,其中在40的新手性中心诱导的绝对空间化学与在39的手性碳上的基本是相同的(即S型)。这里使用“基本是相同的”这一术语意味着S∶S与S∶R(在比如40中)之比大于9∶1,优选大于15∶1,最优选至少为99∶1。
在此处以M+表示的质谱数据是由快速原子轰击技术(FAB)测得的母离子,并代表M+1峰。
示意图Ⅶ提出制备本发明醇的聚醚酯的一般方法。通过42与过量的纯碱如NaH在冰浴温度下,在无水醚如THF中反应就制备得醇醚42(如CH3(OCH2CH2)3OH,即式中R7=H,t=3的化合物42)的醇化物。将这样得到的反应混合物搅拌几个小时,如2小时或更多,然后向其中加入酸43的钠盐,如氯乙酸钠(即式中LG=Cl,R7=H,S=1的43)。在冰浴温度下将如此形成的反应混合物搅拌,随着让温度升至室温,继续搅拌。向反应混合物中小心加入水,用普通技术分离聚醚酸44并提纯。
在44在CH2Cl2的溶液中加入1.3-1.5当量的碱4(N,N-二甲基氨基)吡啶(DMAP)和式中的20F。使用冰浴将如此形成的反应混合物的温度下降,向其中加入1.3-1.5当量的二环己基碳化二胺(DCCP)。继续搅拌如此得到的反应混合物,边让温度升至室温。除去尿素的沉淀并用传统技术分离产物,用硅胶色谱提纯如此得到的残留物,得到FAB测得(M+H)+=906的纯化合物。用不同的原料42和43进行适当的替代,制备出示意图Ⅶ中表上所列的各种剂化合物45。使用FAB测定了示意图Ⅶ中表上在45一栏中所列各产物的MS值。
示意图ⅧA-C列出了本发明醇的磷酸酯的一般制备方法。示意图ⅧA提出了式中R6为z=m=n=o时的式Ⅳ化合物的磷酸酯的制备方法。在室温,在二氯甲烷中使示意图Ⅱ的化合物20F与1.5当量的N,N-二异丙基二苄基磷酰胺、1.5当量过氧化叔丁基(3M的异辛烷溶液)及碱如四唑反应几小时。用硅胶薄层色谱(5%甲醇:EtoAcv∶v)追踪反应的进程。用硫代硫酸钠溶液洗涤溶于EtoAc中的粗产品,再用标准技术提纯,得到二苄基磷酸酯46。在室温,将46溶于等体积的乙醇和冰醋酸中,在过量的10%Pd/C存在下在氢气氛下搅拌过夜,除去46的二苄基酯基得到47。继续反应直至用薄层色谱(或NMR)测不出原料时为止。过滤除去催化剂,用标准技术提纯粗磷酸酯47。在室温下,在甲醇中用2当量的碱如NMG(或Et3N)处理47得到47.2NMG。按照示意图ⅧA制备的46和47化合物列在示意图ⅦA的表中。
示意图ⅧB表示了式中
z=m=1,n=0的式Ⅳ的磷酸酯的制备方法。用1.3当量的DMAD、1.3当量的DCCD和1.3当量的通式为
的酸49(比如HO2C(CH2)4Br,即z=1、n=4、R7=H残基LG是Br)处理溶于二氯甲烷的化合物20F。在室温下搅拌反应物直至用薄层色谱检不出原料为止,提纯粗产物得到溴化物50,这是式中R1=
的白色固体。将溴化物50溶于苯中,与1.5当量的二苄基磷酸银(St,Louis的Sigma化学公司的商品)一起在80℃下加热过夜。冷却反应混合物,用碱如K2CO3水溶液洗涤。分离粗产品,用硅胶柱色谱提纯得到二苄基磷酸盐51。在室温下,在氢气氛下用过量10%Pd/C处理溶于乙醇/冰醋酸的51过夜,得到磷酸酯52。在甲醇中用2当量的碱如NMG(或Et3N)处理52得到52.2NMG。
示意图ⅧC提出了式中R6如前面示意图ⅧB中所定义,z=1,n=1的式Ⅳ磷酸酯的另一种制备程序。在室温下将溶于甲醇水溶液及过量碱如K2CO3的乙酸甲酯苄基醚53搅拌过夜,得到苄基醚54。在室温下将20F和54在二氯甲烷中的溶液与1.3-1.5当量的DCCD和DMAP反应过夜,得到酯55。在室温下,在氢气氛下用在乙醇-冰醋酸中的过量10%Pd/C处理过夜,除去55的苄酯基。提纯粗产品得到56。按照示意图ⅧB的程序用1.5当量的二异丙基磷酸二苄酯和1.5当量的过氧化叔丁基及四唑处理56得到二苄酯57。在氢气氛下,在乙醇-冰醋酸中用10%Pd/C除去二苄基(如上所述)得到磷酸酯58。用2当量碱如NMG处理58得到58.2NMG。
示意图Ⅸ说明本发明杂环酯的制备方法。在0-5℃的温度下,在碱如吡啶存在下,将溶于二氯甲烷的式中
的化合物20用化合物62(其中Hal=Br或Cl,w=1-5如Cl-CH2COCl)处理4小时。将反应物放在冰箱中过夜。如有必要可加入化合物62和碱,反应持续到用薄层色谱不能检出20F为止。用硅胶柱色谱提纯粗产物,得到纯的59(w=1,Hal=Cl)。在50-60℃下使59与过量的含氮杂环化合物60(如Y=NH,R7=H,q=4)反应1小时得到61。用5元或6元环化合物如吗啉、N-甲基哌啶取代含氮杂环化合物60就得到示意图Ⅸ下面表中所列的化合物。
一般通过标准的合成技术制备20F的烷基羧酸酯和烯基羧酸酯,比如在碱如吡啶存在下,通过烷基羧酸或烯基羧酸的酸酐或酰卤的反应就得到式Ⅰ化合物的烷基羧酸酯或烯基羧酸酯。
通过式Ⅰ-Ⅳ的醇化合物在70-90℃,在过量吡啶存在下与三氧化硫反应至少2小时,按照R..M.Moriarty等人在Tetrahedron Letters,Vol.35,No.44,P8103-8106(1994)中提出的方法可以制备硫酸酯。
R1=被1个或2个含羟基链节取代的C3-C8烷基。
式Ⅰ所代表的化合物显示出很宽的抗真菌活性谱,在传统的抗真菌筛选试验中,能抵抗如下的人畜致病菌:曲霉菌、芽生菌、念珠菌、隐球菌、球孢子菌、表皮癣菌、产色芽生菌、镰孢菌、毛霉菌、酵母菌、球拟酵母菌、毛癣菌、毛孢子菌、孢子丝菌和肺孢子虫。
式Ⅳ的优选化合物在动物活体试验中显示出局部给药、口服和肠道外给药的抗真菌活性,此活性令人意外地优于现有的抗真菌剂,比如伊曲康唑、氟康唑以及由Saksena等人在美国专利5,039,676和国际公开号WO93/09114中公开的吡咯化合物。
预期式Ⅰ的抗真菌化合物和本发明的药物组合物会显示抗过敏、消炎和免疫调节活性、广谱抗感染活性,比如抗细菌、抗原生动物和抗蠕虫活性。
本发明也提供一种用于治疗或预防真菌感染的组合物,它含有抗真菌效果数量的式Ⅰ代表的化合物及其药物可接受的盐以及它们的药物可接受载体或稀释剂。
本发明的药物组合物也可含有抗真菌效果数量的其它抗真菌化合物,比如细胞壁活性化合物,此处所用术语“细胞壁活性化合物”意味着任何干扰真菌细胞壁的化合物,它包括但不限于阜孢霉素、棘霉素和阿库来霉素以及如烟霉素之类的真菌细胞壁抑制剂,比如烟霉素K和美国专利5,006,513所述的其它烟霉素,该专利在此引入作为参考。
本发明化合物的药物可接受盐包括药物可接受的酸加合盐和碱加合盐。
优选的药物可接受酸加合盐是在本发明化合物中加入计算数量的无机酸,如HCl、HBr、H2SO4、HNO3或H3PO,或有机酸,像烷基或芳基磺酸甲磺酸、羟基乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、萘磺酸等所形成的无毒酸加合盐。
适用于本发明的药物可接受碱是能与式Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ或Ⅳ的抗真菌化合物的酸性药物可接受酯形成药物可接受盐的化合物,它包括适当的有机和无机碱。适当的有机碱包括伯、仲、叔烷基胺、烷基醇胺、芳胺、烷基芳胺和环胺。有机胺的例子包括选自氯普鲁卡因、普鲁卡因、哌嗪、葡萄糖胺、N-甲基葡萄糖胺、N,N-二甲基葡萄糖胺、乙二胺、二乙醇胺、二异丙胺、二乙胺、N-亚苄基二胺、N-苄基-2-苯基乙胺、N-n’二苄基乙二胺、胆碱、氯咪唑、三乙胺(ET3N)、三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷,或D葡萄糖胺等的药物可接受的碱。优选的有机碱包括N-甲基葡萄糖胺(NMG)、二乙醇胺和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷(TRIS)。在本发明中最优选使用2当量的NMG。适当的无机碱也包括碱金属氢氧化物,如NaOH。
本发明的药物组合物可适用于任何服用方式,比如口服、肠道外给药,比如皮下注射、肌肉注射、静脉注射和腹膜腔内给药,表面给药或阴道给药,或者吸入(口或鼻)给药,可通过将式Ⅰ化合物或等当量的式Ⅰ化合物的药物可接受盐与适当的药物可接受的惰性载体或稀释剂组合形成配方。
适当的组合物的例子包括用于口服的固体或液体组合物,比如片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉剂、颗粒、溶液、栓剂、锭剂、含片、悬浮液或乳液。固体载体可以是一种或多种也可作为稀释剂、芳香剂、助溶剂、润滑剂、悬浮剂、粘合剂或片剂崩解剂的物质,也可以是一种成胶囊物。在粉剂中,载体是一种细分散的固体,它与细分散的活性化合物混在一起。在片剂中,活性化合物以适当比例与具有必要的粘接性的载体混合,再压成所需形状和尺寸。
可按照先有技术中已知的方法制备表面给药剂形,它可含有各种成份、赋形剂及添加剂。表面给药用的配方包括软膏、脂、洗剂、气溶胶、粉剂、阴道栓剂和喷剂。
为了制备栓剂,先将一种低熔点的蜡比如混合脂肪酸缩水甘油酯或可可脂熔化,然后将活性组分边搅拌边分散于其中。再将均匀的熔融混合物倒入传统的定型模具中,让其冷却,固化。
液体形式的制剂包括溶液、悬浮液和乳液。作为例子可提到用于肠道外注射入的水溶液或水-丙二醇溶液。也可以用适当数量的每个环糊精分子中含有2-11个羟丙基的羟丙基α-、β-或γ-环糊精、聚乙二醇如PEG-2000或丙二醇在溶液中进行配方,该溶液也可含有水。通过在水中加入活性组分及加入需要的适当着色剂、香味剂、稳定剂、甜味剂、增溶剂和增稠剂可制备适于口服用的水溶液。通过将呈细分散形的活性组分分散在水中可制备适于口服的水悬浮剂。由式Ⅰ-Ⅳ的化合物与羟丙基-β-环糊精在水中可制备特别优选的水剂药物组合物。N.Bodor在美国专利4,983,586中,Pitha在美国专利4,727,064中,Janssen在国际药品专利申请No.PCT/EP 84/00417中公开了使用α-、β-和γ-环糊精衍生物,比如羟丙基-β-环糊精。
通过在水中混合药物可接受载体,比如羟丙基-β-环糊精,并向其中加入有抗真菌效果量的本发明药物可制备本发明的药物组合物。将如此形成的溶液过滤,如有必要通过已知技术比如旋转汽化或冷冻干燥除去水分。可在约15-35℃的温度形成溶液。此处的水一般是灭菌的水,也可含有药物可接受的盐和缓冲剂,比如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐及防腐剂。式Ⅰ的抗真菌化合物与羟丙基-β-环糊精的摩尔比约1∶1-1∶80,优选1∶1-1∶2。羟丙基-β-环糊精的摩尔含量一般是过量的,
还有一种固体制剂,它是在使用前不久变成液体制剂,或用于口服,或用于注射。这种拟转变为液体形态的固态制剂,除含有如本发明化合物的活性物外可任意地含有细胞壁活性化合物,特别是真菌细胞壁抑制剂(比如烟霉素)、矫味剂、着色剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂、人工和天然甜味剂、分散剂、增稠剂和增溶剂等。制备液态制剂所用的溶剂可以是水、等渗水、乙醇、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇等以及它们的混合物。
似用于静脉、肌肉或皮下注射用的注射剂形一般呈灭菌溶液的形态,可含有盐或葡萄糖以使溶液具有等渗性。
人用来抗真菌的表面制剂呈一种药物配方形式,它含有式1的化合物(其浓度一般为约0.1-约20%重量,优选约0.5-约10%重量)及在一起的无毒药物可接受表面用载体,每天将其涂到患病皮肤上直至病状有所改善。
人用来抗真菌的口服制剂的剂量一般为每千克体重每天约1-约50mg,可一次或分数次服用,优选每千克体重每天约2-约20mg;最优选每千克体重每天约5-约10mg。
人用来抗真菌的注射制剂的剂量一般为每千克体重每天约0.5-约20mg,可一次或分数次给药,优选每千克体重每天约1-约10mg。
当然,用于抗真菌的本发明化合物的精确给药量、给药频率和间隔时间要根据病人的性别、年龄、医疗状态以及由临床护理医师确定的感染严重程度来变化。
一般实验
按照前面示意图1-1Ⅹ制备本发明化合物,下面各实施例都使用商品原料。
实施例1a
2-乙酰氧基-1-(2,4-二氟苯基)乙酮
向246g醋酸钠、3g NaI和3L DMF的混合物中加入191g 2-氯-2’,4’-二氟苯乙酮(Aldrich化学公司)。在20℃搅拌该混合物18小时,然后将其浓缩至1L。将残液倒入6L的稀HCl冷水溶液中并用EtOAc萃取,用盐水洗涤萃取液,用无水Na2SO4将其干燥,过滤如此形成的混合物,蒸发滤液剩下残渣。用CH2Cl2-己烷对残渣进行硅胶色谱提纯,得到198g标题化合物。
实施例1b
1-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)〕-2-丙烯醇乙酸酯
在机械搅拌的无水THF(270ml,20℃)中悬浮131gMePh3PBr。在5分钟时间内先缓慢,后快速地加入393ml1M的NaN(Me3Si)2的THF溶液,同时给其恰好足够的冰冷却以维持温度<23℃。在20-24℃下搅拌如此得到的混合物1小时,将其冷至-70℃,再将其搅拌1/2小时。然后在其中加入65.5g实施例1a产物在140ml无水THF中的溶液,加入速度要足够慢到保持温度低于-70℃。在冷浴中继续搅拌如此形成的反应混合物过夜,其间温度升至20℃,在如此形成的悬浮液中加入50mlEtOAc,然后加入3L己烷,放置如此形成的混合物约15分钟,吸滤除去Ph3PO,乘滤饼仍潮湿时将其转移至一烧杯中。用1/2L的己烷充分研制滤饼并再次吸滤以除去产品的残留部分,用2×1L的1∶1(v/v)MeOH-水洗涤合并到一起的己烷过滤液,然后用盐水洗涤。用MgSO4干燥有机层,过滤并蒸发滤液,剩下红色油状物,加入1.5L己烷并通过硅藻土层吸滤,剩下透明黄色溶液,先用1/2L己烷,再用1L15∶1(v/v)己烷-EtOAc洗脱,对黄色油状物进行硅胶色谱提纯。合并均匀的各级分,得到38.6g油状标题化合物。
实施例1c
2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-丙烯醇
将40g实施例1b的产物溶于400ml二噁烷中,加入18g85%KOH在315ml水中的溶液。剧烈搅拌如此得到的混合物1小时,然后将混合物倒入1L Et2O中,分离水层并用250ml Et2O萃取之,合并有机萃取液,先用水再用盐水将其洗涤。用无水K2CO3干燥有机萃取液,再向其中加入10g焦炭,过滤并蒸发滤液,剩下31.3g浅黄色油状标题化合物。
实施例1d
(S)(-)-〔2-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)〕环氧乙烷基〕甲醇
将33g活化3_分子筛粉末加到13g L-(+)-酒石酸二乙酯在2.3LCH2Cl2的溶液中,将如此形成的混合物冷却至-5℃。在2-3分钟内加入15.4ml四异丙氧基钛在100ml CH2Cl2中的溶液,然后将如此形成的混合物冷至-22℃。在4-6分钟内加入109.5ml5.5M的叔丁基过氧化氢在2,2,4-三甲基戊烷中的溶液,将如此形成的混合物冷却至-25℃。在-25℃搅拌该混合物25分钟,然后在3-4分钟内加入40g实施例1c中的2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-丙烯醇在100ml CH2Cl2中的溶液。在-27℃搅拌如此形成的混合物41/2小时。加入102ml被NaCl饱和的30%NaOH水溶液并搅拌如此形成的混合物,同时在1/2小时内使温度回升到+10℃,向其中加入100g无水MgSO4和33g硅藻土并在+10℃下搅拌1/2小时,吸滤此混合物,并用1.2L乙醚(Et2O)再用1.5L甲苯洗涤形成的滤饼,然后用无水MgSO4干燥合并的有机层。过滤此有机层并在真空下蒸发滤液形成残渣。将此渣溶于1LEt2O中,吸滤该混合物以除去不溶物,通过100g硅胶吸滤此滤液并用200ml新鲜Et2O洗涤滤饼。在真空下蒸发滤液得到41g(94%)淡黄色粗标题化合物,[α]D 25-36.7°(c=1,MeOH);PMR(CDCl3)d7.40(m,1H),6.85(m,2H),3.95(m,2H),3.31(d,1H),2.84(d,1H),1.91(m,1H,可交换氘)。
实施例2
(R)-(+)-〔2-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基〕环氧乙烷基〕甲醇
按照实施例1d的操作,只是用等当量的D-(-)酒石酸二乙酯代替L-(+)酒石酸二乙酯,得到粗的标题化合物[α]D 25+33.9°(c=1,MeOH)。用硅胶色谱提纯部分粗化合物,得到用薄层色谱(TLC)检测是均匀的试样,[α]D 25+40.0°(c=1,MeOH)。
实施例3
(R)-(-)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2-丙二醇
将8.91g1H-1,2,4三唑溶于150ml无水DMF中,将如此形成的混合物冷却至0-5℃。加入2.81gNaH(60%的油分散液),并在室温下搅拌如此得到的混合物30分钟,再向其中加入10.9g实施例1d的产物。在60-70℃搅拌如此形成的反应混合物2小时,将混合物冷却至室温,向其中加入10ml水并在真空下蒸发至得到残渣。将残渣溶于100ml水和900ml EtOAc中。再用250ml EtOAc萃取水层。将两次EtOAc合并用100ml盐水洗涤。用无水MgSO4干燥EtOAc合并用100ml盐水洗涤。用无水MgSO4干燥EtOAc萃取液,蒸发该萃取液。用10mlCH2Cl2研制如此得到的油状残渣,再加入100mlEt2O,在室温下搅拌CH2Cl2-Et2O混合物1小时,过滤得到11.2g(75%)标题化合物,[α]D 25-70.7°(c=1,MeOH)质谱(FAB):256(M+H)+。用5ml CH3CN重结晶1.0g过滤后的产物得到0.83g标题化合物,m.p.99-100℃;
-71.5°(c=1.0,MeOH);元素分析:计算elemental analysis:Calculated for C11H11F2N3O21/2CH3CN;52.27C,4.57H.17.78N,13.78F;Found: 52.26C,4.58H,17.54N,13.78F;PMR(DMSO)d3.25(s,1),7.66(s,1),7.33,(m,1),7.09(t,1),6.90(t,1),5.72(s,1),5.05(t,1),4.53(s,2)3.61(m,2).
实施例4
(S)-(+)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基〕-3-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2-丙二醇
按照实施例3的步骤,只是用等当量的实施例2的产物代替实施例1的产物,得到标题化合物,Mp 95-101℃,[α]D 25-70.O°(c=1,MeOH)PMR和质谱与标题化合物的结构一致。
实施例5
(R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2-丙二醇-1-甲磺酸酯
将10.9g实施例3的粉末产物悬浮在150ml二氯甲烷中,向其中加入8.95ml三乙胺并将如此得到的混合物冷却至0-5℃。在10分钟内加入溶于20mlCH2Cl2中的3.64ml甲磺酰氯。在室温下搅拌如此形成的混合物1小时,并将其冷却至0-5℃,先后用100ml冷(0-5℃)5%KH2PO4、100ml冷(0-5℃)水和50ml盐水萃取。用无水MgSO4干燥分离的有机层,蒸发,得到13.7g(96%)标题化合物[M+H+]+;PMR(CDCl3)d7.95(s,1),7.82(s,1),7.53(m,1),6.81(m,2),4.84(d,1).4.65(d,1),4.46(m,2),3.05(s,3).
实施例6
(S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-1,2-丙二醇-1-甲磺酸酯
按照实施例5的方法,只是用等当量的实施例4的产物代替实施例3的产物,得到标题化合物。PMR与标题化合物的结构相符。
实施例7
(R)-1-〔2-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)〕环氧乙烷基甲基〕-1,2,4-三唑
将13.7g实施例5的产物溶于无水200ml DMF中,并将如此形成的溶液冷却至10-15℃,向其中加入1.71gNaH(60%的油分散液)并在室温下搅拌如此得到的反应混合物90分钟,并真空浓缩至50ml。向其中加入200ml冷水(0-5℃)并用3×200ml EtOAc萃取。用100ml盐水洗涤合并的EtOAc萃取液,用无水MgSO4干燥EtOAc萃取液并将其蒸发,得到10.8g残渣。将溶于CH2Cl2的残渣通过400g预先用含有1ml Et3N/l的CH2Cl2进行淤浆充填而制备的MPLC级硅胶柱,先后用1LEtOAc;CH2Cl2(v/v)为25、50和75的溶液,然后用2L EtOAc洗脱。合并各级分得到6.92g(68%)标题化合物。质谱(FBA)238[M+H]+;PMR(CDCl3)d7.97(s,1) 7.77(s,1),7.07(m,1),6.73(m,2);4.73(d,1),4.41(d,1),2.84(d,1),2.78(d,1).
实施例8
(S)-1-〔2-〔2-(2,4-二氟苯基)〕环氧乙烷基甲基〕-1,2,4-三唑
按照实施例7的方法,只是用等当量的实施例6的产物代替实施例5的产物,得到标题化合物,PMR与标题化合物的结构相符。
实施例9
(5R-顺)和(5R-反)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-氧代-5-〔(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基〕四氢-3-呋喃羧酸乙酯
将935ml丙二酸二乙酯溶于70ml无水DMSO中。分两份加入2.24gNaH(60%油分散液),并在室温搅拌如此形成的反应混合物1小时。加入6.65g实施例7的产物并在50-55℃搅拌18小时。冷至室温,并将反应混合物倒入充分搅拌的500ml KH2PO4、500ml盐水和1L EtOAc混合物中,分离并再用300ml EtOAc萃取水层。用500ml盐水洗涤合并的EtOAc萃取液。用无水MgSO4干燥EtOAc萃取液并蒸发,得到油状物。用CH2Cl2将此油状物送过400g用己烷制备过的MPLC级硅胶柱。先后用500ml己烷、2L50%EtOAc:己烷(v/v)、2L EtOAc洗脱。合并各级分得到8.66g(80%)标题化合物。质谱(FAB):352[M+H]+,PMR(CDCl3)d8.08(s,2),7.91(s,1),7.71(s,1),7.42(m,1),7.13(m,1),7.85(m,2),4.60(m,4),4.10(m,4),3.49(t,1),3.14(t,1),3.89(m,4),1.18(m,6).
实施例10
(5S-顺)和(5S-反)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-氧代-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基〕四氢-3-呋喃羧酸乙酯
按照实施例9的方法,只是用等当量的实施例8的产物代替实施例7的产物,得到标题化合物。〔PMR和质谱与标题化合物的结构相符〕。
实施例11
(R)-(-)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-羟甲基-5-〔1H-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)〕-1,4戊二醇
将8.5g实施例9的产物溶于125ml EtOH中并加入2.15gLiCl。将搅拌的混合物冷却至0℃并分批加入1.92g NaBH4搅拌该混合物18小时,无需进一步冷却。向混合物中加入125ml MeOH和10ml水并搅拌4小时。将混合物蒸干并用温EtOH萃取沉淀。蒸发萃取液至干,向残渣加入200ml THF,并对搅拌着的混合物进行15分钟的声裂处理。过滤混合物并蒸发滤液。在硅胶上对残渣进行色谱提纯,用CH2Cl2-MeOH-NH4OH(95∶5∶1)(v/v/v)洗脱,得到3.9g标题化合物。质谱(FAB):314(M+H+);PMR(DMSO)d8.25(s,1),7.69(s,1),7.35(m,1),7.13(m,1),6.94(m,1),6.27(s,1),5.16(t,1),4.44(m,4),3.39(m,1),3.20(m,1),3.05(t,2),2.11(m,1),1.52(m,1).
实施例12
(S)-(+)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-羟甲基-5-〔1H-(1,2,4-三唑)〕-1,4-戊二醇
按照实施例11的方法,只是用等当量的实施例10的产物代替实施例9的产物得到标题化合物。在硅胶上将一部分粗产物进行色谱提纯,用CH2Cl2-MeOH-NH4OH洗脱,得到用TLC检测均匀的产物。将该物溶于水中,过滤并冷却干燥滤液,得到标题化合物。[α]D 25+54.50(c=1.0,MeOH)
实施例13
(R)-(-)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-〔〔(4-甲基苯基)-磺酰氧基〕甲基〕-5-〔1H-(1,2,4-三唑基)〕-1,4-戊二醇-1-(4-甲基苯)磺酸酯
将4.4g实施例11的产物溶于50ml CH2Cl2-THF(1∶1,v/v)中,加入4.7ml Et3N和180mg N,N-二甲氨基吡啶,将溶液冷至0℃。分批向其中加入5.9g对甲苯磺酰氯,并在0℃搅拌如此形成的反应混合物1/2小时,然后在室温搅拌5小时。加入100ml EtOAc并将混合物吸滤。浓缩滤液,加入150ml EtOAc,用5%KH2PO4水溶液洗涤。先用冷的5%NaHCO3水溶液,再用饱和盐水洗涤有机层,然后用无水MgSO4干燥。过滤混合物并蒸发滤液。在硅胶上色谱提纯残渣,用EtOAc-己烷洗脱,得到6.4g(73%)标题化合物,PMR(CDCl3)d7.95(s,1),7.67(m,5),7.30(m,6)6.70(t,2),4.74(d,1),4.53(d,1),4.13(m,1),3.97(m,1),3.8(m,2),2.43(s,6),1.95(m,2),1.77(m,1).质谱(FAB):622[M+H]+.
实施例14
(S)-(+)-4-(2,4-二氟苯基)-2-〔〔(4-甲基苯基)-磺酰氧基〕甲基〕-5-〔1H(1,2,4-三唑基)〕-1,4-戊二醇-1-(4-甲基苯)磺酸酯
按照实施例13的方法,只是用等当量的实施例12的产物代替实施例11的产物,得到标题化合物,[α]D 25+14.2°(c=1,MeOH)。
实施例15
(-)-(5R-顺)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-〔(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基〕-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇-4-甲苯磺酸酯
将6.3g实施例13的产物溶于150ml甲苯中,将所形成的溶液加热至100℃。逐滴加入2.4g60%的NaH油分散液,然后加热回流如此形成的反应混合物直至完成环化(大约3-4小时)。冷却混合物并将溶液与过量NaH倾析分离。用5%的冷KH2PO4水溶液洗涤溶液,蒸发有机层形成残渣,在硅胶上对残渣进行色谱提纯,用丙酮-己烷洗脱,得到1.6g(35%)作为两种产物中极性较小的一种的标题化合物,[α]D 25-39.4°(c=1,CHCl3);PMR(CDCl3)d8.09(s.1),7.88(m,3),7.31(m,3),6.81(m.2),4.52(ASc,2),3.99(m,1),3.85(m,1),3.70(m,1),3.59(m,1),2.49(m,2),2.47(s,3),1.90(m,1).质谱(FAB):450(M+H)+。
实施例16
(+)-(5S-顺)-5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-〔(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基-四氢-3-呋喃甲醇-4-甲苯磺酸酯
按照实施例15的方法,只是用等当量的实施例14的产物代替实施例13的产物,得到标题化合物,[α]D 25+43.3°(c=0.3,CHCl3)mp96-98℃。
实施例17
(-)-〔(2R)顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮。
以实施例15的甲苯磺酸酯和4-〔4-(4-硝基苯基)-1-哌嗪基〕苯酚(美国专利4,791,111的实施例3a)为原料,使用示意图Ⅴ中概述的和J.Heeres等在J.Med.Chem.1984,Vol 27,p894-900中的898和900所述的合成路线制备标题化合物。
实施例18
(-)-〔(2R)顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔1(S)-甲基-2(R)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.(2R,3R)-2,3-丁二醇-2-O-SEM醚
搅拌4.95g(55mmol)(2R,3R)-2,3-丁二醇和9.3g(55.7mmol)SEM-C在55ml无水DMF溶液中,在0℃下在10分钟内分4份向该溶液中加入2.34g60%的NaH油分散液(58.5mmol)。在0℃搅拌得到的混合物4小时,并在室温下过夜。将混浊的反应混合物倒到0.5L5%KH2PO4溶液并用2×300ml乙醚萃取,合并醚溶液,用蒸馏水、饱和盐水洗一次,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到无色液体。在350g硅胶上用1L7%的EtOAc/己烷、2L10%EtOAc/己烷和1L15%EtOAc进行快速色谱提纯,得到1.74g标题化合物(得率14.4%)。MS:(M+H)+=221。
b.对溴苯磺酰化
在N2气氛下,在环境温度将0.7g(3.18mmol)实施例18(a)的2-O-SEM醚和0.97g(3.82mmol)4-溴苯磺酰氯在5ml无水吡啶中的混合物搅拌6小时。用50ml冰水稀释淡红色浆状反应混合物,用2×25ml乙醚萃取。合并醚溶液,用2×25ml1%硫酸铜溶液、蒸馏水、饱和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到淡红色油状残液,在50g氧化硅胶上用1L10%EtOAc/己烷进行快速色谱提纯,得到无色液体溴苯磺酸酯(产率72.9%)[α]D 23=-3.69°(CHCl3;c=1)
c.烷基化反应
在80℃和氮气氛下搅拌0.98g(2.23mmol)实施例18(b)的溴苯磺酸酯、0.69g(1.12mmol)实施例17的3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮和0.37g(1.12mmol)碳酸铯在12ml无水DMF中的混合物过夜(~20小时)。用100ml冰水稀释反应混合物,用2×50ml EtOAc萃取。合并有机溶液并用蒸馏水、饱和盐水洗一次,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到棕色固体残渣。在125g硅胶上用1.2L80%EtOAc/己烷进行快速色谱提纯,得到0.327g褐色固体产物(产率35.7%)MS=(M+H)+=81.7
d.18(c)酸性水解为标题化合物
在环境温度下将0.32g实施例18(c)的SEM醚6ml6N HCl溶液在6ml甲醇中的混合物搅拌4小时,并减压蒸发。用5ml冰水稀释残渣,并仔细用10%Na2CO3溶液碱化直至pH=8-9。用2×25ml CH2Cl2萃取如此形成的反应混合物,再用饱和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到棕色固体。将棕色固体用0.75L 4%的MeOH/CH2Cl2洗脱通过50g硅胶柱,得到0.26g棕色固体标题化合物,产率96.6%。MS=(M+H)+=687;[α]D 23=-23.65°(CHCl3;c=1)。
实施例19
(-)-〔(2R)顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-1-〔1(R)-甲基-2(R)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.Mitsunobu反应
在0℃下向搅拌着的0.72g(3.27mmol)实施例18(a)的2-O-SEM醚、2.1g(8.06g)三苯基膦和1.2g(7.17mmol)p硝基苯甲酸在30ml无水苯中的溶液里逐滴加入1.25ml(8.06mmol)偶氮二羧酸二乙酯(DEAD)。如此形成的清彻黄色溶液变浑,在环境温度搅拌混合物2小时,并将混合物加到100g硅胶柱上,用15%EtOAc/己烷洗脱柱子,得到1.5g具有S绝对构形的3-β-硝基苯甲酸酯(95%产率),MS:219(M+-150),252(M+-117)。
b.对硝基苯甲酸酯的碱性水解
在环境温度下搅拌1.12g(3mmol)实施例19(a)对硝基苯甲酸酯和3.5ml1N NaOH溶液在20ml甲醇中的溶液3小时。蒸出溶剂用10ml蒸馏水稀释残渣,并用2×20ml乙醚萃取。合并醚溶液用饱和盐水洗一次,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到0.67g无色液体状的相应醇(~100%)不经精制直接用于下一步反应。
c.溴苯磺酸酯化、烷基化和酸性水解
按照实施例18(c)和(d)的方法,由实施例19(b)和实施例17的产物在3步中以总产率32%制备出标题化合物。MS:[M+H]+=687;[α]D 23=-23.65°(CHCl3;c=1)
实施例20
(-)-〔(2R)-顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔(5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(S)-1-甲基-3-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.形成TBDPS醚
在0℃向0.9g(10mmol)(R)-(-)-1,3丁二醇、1.5g(22mmol)咪唑在10ml无水DMF中的溶液里在3分钟内加入3ml(11mmol)叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(TBDPS)。在0℃搅拌反应混合物4小时,用50ml冰水稀释并用2×30ml乙醚萃取。用50ml乙醚反萃取水相,将合并的醚溶液用饱和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并蒸发,得到无色残渣。在150g硅胶上用1.5L5%EtOAc/己烷和1L10%EtOAc/己烷进行快速色谱提纯,得到2.87gTBDPS醚(87.5%)。MS:(M+H)+:329;[α]D 23=+0.64°(CHCl3;c=1)。
b.溴苯磺酸酯化
向0.984g(3mmol)实施例20(a)的TBDPS醚在7ml无水吡啶的溶液中加入0.845g(3.3mmol)4-溴苯磺酰氯。按照实施例18(b)的方法进行、完成反应并提纯,以61.1%的产率得到1.02g溴苯磺酸酯;(M+23)+=569/571;[α]D 23=+2.45°(CHCl3;c=1)。
c.烷基化
按照实施例18(c)的方法,使0.95g(1.74mmol)实施例20(b)的溴苯磺酸酯与实施例17的化合物反应,得到0.49g相应烷基化产物,产率60.3%,MS:(M+H)+925[α]D 23=-32.27°(CHCl3;c=1)。
d.酸性水解
按照实施例18(d)的方法,用6N HCl溶液水解0.32g(0.35mmol)实施例20(c)的化合物,得到0.22g标题化合物(产率92.4%);MS:M+=686;(M+Na)+=709;[α]D 23=-38.52°(CH3Cl;c=1)。
按另一种方式,在环境温度下搅拌0.19g实施例20(c)的化合物和60mg(0.23mmol)四甲基氟化铵在5ml THF中的溶液24小时。将棕色溶液浓缩至糖浆状。在50g硅胶上用各0.5L的2%和4%的MeOH/CH2Cl2进行快速色谱提纯得到0.11g标题化合物(产率88.7%)。
实施例21
(-)-〔(2R)-顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(R)-1-甲基-3-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
按照实施例20的方法,只是用等当量的(S)-(+)-1,3-丁二醇代替相应的R对映体,在4步骤的总产率为31.8%,得到标题化合物;MS=[M+H]+=687。
实施例22
(-)-〔(2R)-顺〕-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔1(S)-甲基-2-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.苄基化
在0℃向10g(111mmol)(2R,3R)-(-)-2,3丁二醇在40ml无水CH2Cl2和80ml环己烷的溶液中加入1ml三氟甲磺酸(FfOH),再逐滴加入21ml(113mmol)三氯乙酰亚胺酸苄酯。在环境温度下搅拌得到的浆状物过夜,用125ml己烷稀释并过滤。合并滤液浓缩为黄色浆状物。将黄色浆状物在250g硅胶上用1.5L7%EtOAc/己烷、2L15%EtOAc/己烷和2L25%EtOAc/己烷、1.5L10%MeOH/CH2Cl2进行快速色谱提纯,得到11.88g原料的单苄基醚(产率74.5%)和2.03g未反应的原料,MS:[M+H]+:181。
b.Mitsunobu反应
按照实施例19(a)的方法将5.4g实施例22(a)的2-单苄基醚转化为6.6g3-苯甲酸酯(产率66.9%);MS:[M+H]+=330。
c.碱性水解
按照实施例19(b)的方法将5.3g实施例22(b)的产物进行碱性水解,得到2.33g(2R,3S)-2,3-丁二醇的单苄基醚(产率80.3%)(M+H)+=181;[α]D 23=-23.75°(CHCl3;c=1)。
d.生成SEM醚
在环境温度下,向搅拌着的3.14g(17.44mmol)实施例22(c)产物和3.8ml(2.82g,21.8mmol)二异丙基乙胺在30ml无水CH2Cl2中的溶液里加入一份3.8ml(3.64g,21.8mmol)SEM-Cl。形成烟雾;将得到的黄色溶液搅拌20小时。减压蒸发橙黄色反应混合物,在乙醚和水之间分配固体残渣。用蒸馏水、饱和盐水洗涤乙醚溶液一次,用mg504干燥并浓缩,得到粗产物。在200g硅胶上用2L3%EtOAc/己烷对粗产物进行快速色谱提纯,得到5.3g实施例22(c)产物的3-O-SEM醚,(98%产率)为无色液体;MS:[M+H]+=311。
e.氢分解
在大气压力下对5.25g(16.94mmol)实施例22(d)的化合物和0.5g10%Pd/C在150ml甲醇中的混合物加氢6小时。过滤催化剂并另用甲醇洗涤,浓缩合并的滤液得到无色液体。在100g硅胶上用2L10%EtOAc/己烷对液体进行快速色谱提纯,得到3.53g无色液体状游离醇(产率95%);MS:174,103。
f.溴苯磺酸化
按照18(d)的方法将1g实施例22(e)的产物转化为1.52g相应的溴苯磺酸酯,产率76.2%;[α]D 23=-1.53°(CHCl3;c=1)
g.烷基化反应
将1.48g实施例22(f)的溴苯磺酸酯与实施例17的产物反应,得到0.75g 2-烷基化三唑-3-酮,产率54.3%;[α]D 23=-32.69°(CHCl3;c=1)。
h.酸性水解
按照实施例18(d)的方法水解0.7g实施例22(g)的产物,得到0.51g脂状固体标题化合物,产率86.7%;[α]D 23=-32.69°(CHCl3;c=1)
实施例23
(-)-〔(2R)-顺〕-4-〔-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔1(S)-甲基-2-(S)羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮。
a.Mitsunobu反应
按照实施例19(a)的方法将1.99g(9.05mmol)实施例22步骤e的产物与对硝基苯甲酸反应,得到3.3g产物,产率98.8%;MS=[M+H]+=221。
b.碱性水解
用7ml1N NaOAc水解2.36g(6.4mmol)本实施例a步的产物,得到1.18g(2S,3S)-2,3-丁二醇的3-O-SEM醚,产率83.7%。MS:[M+H]+=221,[α]D 23=+55.15°(CHCl3;c=1)。
c.形成溴苯磺酸酯
按照实施例18(b)的方法,将1.15g本实施例步骤(b)的产物转化为溴苯磺酸酯,得到3.47g溴苯磺酸酯,产率97.7%。
d.烷基化和酸性水解
按照实施例18(c)和(d)的操作,只是用实施例23(c)的产物代替18(b)的产物,得到标题化合物。
实施例24
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(S)-1-乙基-2(S)羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.按照W.C.Still等人在Tetrahedron Letters,21,1035-1038(1980)中所述的方法,将(S)-乳酸甲酯转化为相应的苄氧基甲酯。
b.还原为醛
在-78℃(干冰/丙酮浴)和氮气气氛下,向7.67g搅拌着的本实施例步骤(a)的酯在甲苯的溶液中逐滴加入37.7ml1M的DlBAL溶液。6分钟后加入1Oml甲醇,再加入Rochelles盐水溶液。温热至室温后,在EtOAc和水之间分配所含的水。分离有机相,用水洗涤有机相并用MgSO4干燥,浓缩为粗醛产物,不用提纯即用在下一步中。
b.格氏反应
在-78℃(干冰/丙酮浴)和氮气气氛下,向搅拌着的本实施例步骤(b)所得到的粗醛在THF的溶液中逐滴加入80ml1M的乙基溴化镁格氏试剂的THF溶液。在完成添加后,慢慢让得到的混合物温热至室温过夜,再搅拌48小时。加入Rochelles盐水溶液,然后在丙酮和水之间分配得到的混合物。分离有机相,用水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥及浓缩。在硅胶上用EtOAc/己烷(1∶10)洗脱对残渣进行柱色谱提纯,得到
(i)2.31g无色油状非极性醇(2S,3S),31%;
(ii)1.23g两种醇的混合物,41%;
(iii)1.23g无色油状物极性醇(2S,3R),16%。
c.极性醇溴苯磺酰化
在室温和氮气气氛下,将1.035g(4.1mmol)4-溴苯磺酰氯加到搅拌着的0.605g(2.7mmol)本实施例步骤(b)的极性(2S,3R)醇及2.20g(5.9mmol)DMAP在CH2Cl2的溶液中。将得到的混合物搅拌12小时,然后在EtOAc和水之间分配。分离有机相,用水洗涤,干燥及浓缩。在硅胶上用EtOAc/己烷(1∶10)洗脱柱色谱提纯残渣,得到无色油状物所需的溴磺酸酯(85%)。
d.烷基化和酸性水解
按照实施例18(c)和(d)的操作,只是用本实施例步骤(c)的(2S,3R)溴苯磺酸酯代替在实施例18(c)中所用的化合物。酸性水解产生白色固体状标题化合物,mp170-172℃。
实施例25
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(R)-1-乙基-2(S)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
按照实施例24的操作,只是从实施例25步骤(b)的非极性(2S,3S)醇转化为(2S,3S)溴苯磺酸酯。按照实施例24(d)的方法进行烷基化及随后的酸性水解SEM保护基,得到标题化合物。
实施例26
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(R)-1-乙基-2(R)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
按照实施例24的操作,只是用(R)乳酸甲酯代替实施例24步骤(a)的(s)乳酸甲酯,在步骤(c)和(d)使用(2R,3S)醇,得到标题化合物。
实施例27
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(S)-1-乙基-2(R)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
按照实施例26的操作,只是在步骤(c)和(d)使用(2R,3R)醇,得到标题化合物。
实施例28
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(R)-1-乙基-3-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
在0-5℃,向溶于100ml无水THF的5.289(40.0mmol)(3R)羟基戊酸甲酯溶液中逐滴加入60ml 1M的LiAlH4在THF中溶液(60mmol)。让溶液温热至环境温度,然后在如此形成的混合物中逐滴加入2.5ml水,再加入2.5ml15%的NaOH和7.5ml水。在环境温度搅拌如此得到的混合物4小时,过滤除去无机固体,蒸发滤液得到4.31g(3R)-1,3-戊二醇。
b.生成1-O-SEM醚
按照实施例18(a)的操作,只是用等当量的本实施例步骤(a)的产物代替(2R,3R)-2,3-丁二醇,得到标题化合物。
c.Mitsunobu反应
按照实施例19(a)的操作,只是用等当量的本实施例步骤(a)的产物代替(2R,3R)-2,3-丁二醇的2-SEM醚,得到3.34g相应的p-硝基苯甲酸酯。
d.碱性水解
按照实施例19(b)的操作,只是用等当量的本实施例步骤(c)的p-硝基苯甲酸酯,得到1.88g(3S)-1,3-戊二醇的1-O-SEM醚。
e.溴苯磺酰化、烷基化和酸性水解
按照实施例18(b)、(c)和(d)的操作,只是用等当量的本实施例步骤(d)的产物代替实施例19(b)中使用的相应的(2R,3R)2,3-丁二醇的1-O-SEM醚,得到1.04g本实施例标题化合物。[α]D 23=-8.42°(CHCl3;c=1)。
实施例29
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔 5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔(S)-1-乙基-3-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
按照实施例28(a)和(b)的操作制造出1-O-SEM-(3R)-1,3-戊二醇,按照实施例18(b)的操作将其直接转化为3R溴苯磺酸酯,按照实施例18(c)的操作用此3R溴苯磺酸酯使实施例17的产物烷基化。按照实施例18(d)的方法使如此形成的产物进行酸性水解,得到368mg标题化合物,产率90%;[α]D 23=-47.11°(CHCl3;c=1)。
实施例30
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔1-羟基-(2R)-丁基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.制备(2S)-1,2-丁二醇
在300mg10%Pd/C存在下对3g(0.034mmol)购自Eastman Kodak公司的(2S)-3-丁烯-1,2-二醇在40ml乙醇中的溶液加氢过夜。通过硅藻土过滤如此形成的反应混合物。用乙醇洗涤如此形成的滤饼,蒸发合并的滤液,得到2.08g标题化合物,产率68%。
b.形成1-O-SEM醚、溴苯磺酰化、烷基化和酸性水解
按照实施例18(a)-(d)的操作,只是用等当量的本实施例步骤(a)的产物代替实施例18的(2R,3R)2,3-丁二醇,得到标题化合物,[α]D 23=-24.3°(CHCl3;c=1)。
实施例31
(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔4-〔〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基〕-2,4-二氢-2-〔1-羟基-(2S)-丁基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮。
按照实施例30的操作,只是用等当量的(2R)-3-丁烯-1,2-二醇(购自Eastman Kodak公司)代替实施例30步骤(a)的(2S)-3-丁烯-1,2-二醇。此后按照实施例30(b)的操作制造出标题化合物。[α]D 23=-29.4°(CHCl3;c=1)。
实施例32
(-)(2R-顺)-4-〔4-〔4-〔5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)呋喃-3-基〕甲氧基〕苯基〕-1-哌嗪基〕苯基-2,4-二氢-2-〔(S)-1-乙基-2(S)-羟丙基〕-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮
a.由(S)-(O-苯基)乳酸吡咯烷酮酰胺经选择性还原制造(S)-2-(苄氧基)丙醛
边搅拌边向5g(0.0214mmol)按照在Tetrahedron 1989,Vol 45,p57-67所述方法制备的S-(O-苄基)乳酸吡咯烷酮酰胺溶于20ml在冰浴中冷却的甲苯里的溶液中加入4.25mlRED-AL(3.4M的二(2-甲氧基乙氧基)氢铝化钠的甲苯溶液,购自Aldrich公司,货号#19,619-3)。搅拌该溶液5小时,先用2.5ml丙酮,再用35ml2NHCl中止反应,用EtOAc萃取如此得到的混合物。用水、NaHCO3和盐水洗涤萃取液,用Na2SO4干燥,蒸发得到标题化合物。
b.(S)-2-(苄氧基)-N-甲酰氨基丙亚胺
将1g(16.09mmol)步骤(a)的丙醛滴加到溶于5ml甲醇的甲肼(0.73g,12.18mmol)中。搅拌如此形成的反应混合物过夜。蒸发除去溶剂,与乙醚一起搅拌如此形成的残渣。过滤除去不溶的过量甲肼,除去醚得到残渣,在硅胶上用20%EtOAc/己烷(v∶v)洗脱将其色谱提纯,得到805mg具有强紫外线活性的浅黄色蜡状固体标题产物;ms[M+H]+=207。
c.2-〔3-(2S,3S)-2(苄氧基)戊基〕甲酰肼
在0℃下向搅拌着的200mg(0.97mmol)步骤(b)的丙亚胺在10ml乙醚溶液中加入1.3ml(3.9mmol)乙基溴化镁的3.0M乙醚溶液。在室温下将如此得到的反应混合物搅拌过夜,并用水中止反应,分离有机层,除去溶剂得到残渣,在硅胶上用30-50%EtOAc/己烷(v∶v)对其进行色谱提纯,得到113mg油状标题化合物,产率50%。产物中S,S异构体与S,R异构体之比为94∶6。在1.2当量二(三甲硅基)乙酰胺存在下重复此反应,S,S/S,R比提高到99∶1,MS:[M+H]+=237
d.环化反应
在80℃下搅拌156.3mg(0.66mmol)步骤(c)的产物和400mg(0.60mmol)示意图Ⅴ的17F和1mol DBU(1,8-二氮杂双环〔5,4,0〕十一-7-烯)在体积中的溶液6小时;温度升至100-110℃,在此温度下继续搅拌过夜。让反应混合物冷却至室温并在周末继续进行搅拌。蒸发除去溶剂,用制备TLC提纯粗产物(80%EtOAc/己烷v∶v)得到200mg泡沫状固体本实施例标题产物的苄基醚;MS:[M+H]+=792。此环化反应是Mergelsberg,Gala等人的发明,公开在共同拥有的美国专利申请书S.N.(代理人记录#CD0475)。
e.加氢分解
向190mg(0.24mmol)步骤d的苄基醚溶于10ml甲醇的溶液中加入40mg Pd/C和4ml甲酸。用一个球形瓶密封反应烧杯,在60℃下加热4小时。通过硅藻土饼过滤除去催化剂,将滤液倒入冷水中。用NH3将如此形成的溶液pH值调到4-5,用EtOAc萃取如此形成的混合物。分离有机层并用Na2SO4干燥。除去溶剂得到粗产物,用制备TLC将其提纯(5%甲醇/CH2Cl2,v/v)得到95mg棕色固体本实施例的标题化合物,产率57%。MS:[M+H]+=701,[α]-28.4(c=1.0,CHCl3)。
Claims (15)
1.式1代表的化合物、其酯或醚或其药物可接受的盐,
式中,X独立地都是F或都是Cl,或一个X独立地为F而另一个独立地是Cl;
R1是被1个或2个羟基基团取代的直链或支链C4-C5烷基。
2.根据权利要求1的化合物或其酯或醚或其药物可接受的盐,其中R1是被至少一个羟基基团取代的直链或支链C4-C5烷基。
5.根据权利要求4的化合物,具有下式,或其酯或醚或其药物可接受的盐。
6.根据权利要求4的化合物,具有式Ⅳ,式中
或
其中R6是H、其聚醚酯、磷酸酯、硫酸酯、杂环酯、链烷酸酯、链烯酸酯、氨基酸酯、酸性酯或药物可接受的盐。
7.根据权利要求6的化合物,其中R6是由下式代表的聚醚酯,式中,R7是H或C1-C6直链或支链烷基,R8是R7或
s为1-6,t为1-6。
10.防治真菌感染的药物组合物,包括抗真菌有效量的任一前述权利要求的化合物及与其在一起的药物可接受载体。
11.根据权利要求10的药物组合物,用于口服或肠道外给药。
12.权利要求1-9中任一项的化合物的应用,用于制备治疗和/或预防哺乳动物真菌感染的药物。
13.根据权利要求12的应用,其中的药物用于口服或肠道外给药。
15.根据权利要求14的方法,其中PG为苄基。
16.根据权利要求14的方法,其中用S-乳酸甲酯为原料,在多于1当量二(三甲基甲硅烷)乙酰胺存在下进行格氏反应。
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