CN105918029A - Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation - Google Patents
Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105918029A CN105918029A CN201610270770.7A CN201610270770A CN105918029A CN 105918029 A CN105918029 A CN 105918029A CN 201610270770 A CN201610270770 A CN 201610270770A CN 105918029 A CN105918029 A CN 105918029A
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- rice
- crop rotation
- vegetable crop
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- paddy rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation. The main steps comprises: ploughing before sowing spring crops; in the middle days of February, starting to sow spring radishes, and covering a mulching film in time after sowing is completed; after sowing, controlling pest and disease damages, and preferably performing field nutrient and water management; in early May, harvesting the spring radishes, after harvesting is completed, recycling the mulching film or directly turning over the mulching film into land; and then selecting a proper rice variety and pretreating rice seeds; in the last ten-day of May, performing dry rice direct seedling; and then arranging an intelligent irrigation system in the land; strictly controlling weeding in rice field, nutrient and water management, and pest and disease damage control operation; and r harvesting rice, recycling straws to compost or generate marsh gas. In the method, rice field-upland field rotation is improved to crop rotation of the spring radishes and dry rice, water and labor are saved, and the intelligent irrigation system increases yield of the dry rice, reduces waste of water resources, and saves manual management cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to paddy rice planting method, be specifically related to the implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation.
Background technology
China is Rice Production big country, is again one of 13 countries of water resource critical shortage in the world.Traditional paddy rice waterflooding planting patterns water consumption is huge, accounts for the 65%～80% of China's year agricultural water total amount according to the irrigation water capacity of estimation paddy rice, and the research and extension therefore carrying out drought rice production technology for China is significant.
Rice dry-farming can alleviate the contradiction reduced year by year of rice area, the problem that can coordinate again water scarcity, and function served as bridge is played in the sustainable and stable development making to cultivate for rice；Rice dry-farming eliminates the arduous of seedling link and rice transplanting work, significantly reduces labour intensity, by using Mechanization sowing, weeding, improves efficiency.
Radish belongs to rhizome vegetable, originates in China, is one of very familiar and common vegetables of people.Kind is the most, has shagreen, red skin and Bai Pi；Radish has to plant vegetables more to be used and medical value, and nutritious, of many uses, be beneficial to man health；Spring radish then refers to the radish in sowing in spring, belongs to Fast-growing vegetables, can alleviate the spring light；Spring radish adaptability is very strong, and growth is rapid, storage tolerance, all has extensively plantation in various places, China north and south.
Spring radish and paddy rice crop rotation Appropriate application vegetables, grain can utilize complementarity principle to Mineral Nutrition Absorptions various in soil, it is achieved Term Fertilization intensive, drastically reduce the area again soil-borne disease insect pest, are the good selections producing pollution-free vegetable；And existing radish paddy rice crop rotation technology is mostly rice field-upland field rotation, water resource expends huge, and artificial work amount is higher, is unfavorable for that water-deficient area uses.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem of above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the crop rotation implantation methods of a kind of spring radish and drought rice.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation, and described mode comprises the following steps:
(1) carry out land for growing field crops preparation, turn over before spring crops is sowed；
(2) start to sow spring radish mid-February, and timely covering with plastic film after sowing completes；
(3) after planting management and control pest and disease damage, carries out field rich water quality management；
(4) carry out spring radish the first tenday period of a month in May to gather, after having gathered, mulch film reclaimed or directly turn in field；
(5) suitable rice varieties pretreated water rice are selected；
(6) drought rice is carried out the last ten-days period in may live；
(7) in land for growing field crops, Intelligent irrigation system it is laid with；
(8) paddy field weeding, rich water quality management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of keeping under strict control works；
(9) after rice harves, stalk is reclaimed compost or produces biogas.
Further, diameter about 4cm, the hole of the degree of depth about 8-9cm first with machinery or are manually beaten according to line-spacing 25cm or big micro-ridge 30 × 20cm kind form of planting in land for growing field crops by described step (6), in rice paddy seed access aperture after the most live process, finally pour water and fill up hole；Generally, can not feed water in sowing 40 days, make the container made of bamboo, wicker, ratten, etc. root length of rice seedling obtain very deep and have healthy and strong root system, can effectively draw the moisture of underground.While rice seedlings grow, can in weeding in the ranks once, the most not only weeding but also serve intertillage effect, as without rain after 40 days, can soak again and pour water once, gather in the crops until ripe.
Further, in described step (5), pretreated water rice is first within two days, then to be screened with the salt solution of 25% in fine day airing by seed, uses insecticide seed soaking sterilization 3-4d afterwards, treats seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally then and sowed；Seed soaking time is longer can make rice paddy seed absorb enough moisture in the case of not rudiment, makes neat and consistent after rice seedling.
Further, described step (6) after rice growing in land for growing field crops covering with plastic film, described mulch film is degradable mulch or paper membrane, by covering with ground sheeting at earth surfaces；Covering with ground sheeting is a kind of agriculture cultivation technology, there is insulation, water conservation, fertilizer conservation, improve soil physico-chemical property, increase soil fertility, suppression weed growth, alleviate the effect of disease, in the case of continuous rainfall, also have the function reducing humidity, thus promote vine growth and development, yield positive results ahead of time, increase yield, reduce the effects such as labor cost.
Further, described step (6) must be irrigated after the paper membrane covered and after once making paper membrane immersion, be attached to earth surfaces；So making paper membrane both will not be blown off by wind, can block again direct sunlight, prevent moisture evaporation, water-retaining effect and minimizing weed growth, this method can reduce water consumption 55% 70%.
Further, turning over twice totally in described step (1), in November, land for growing field crops to be ploughed deeply for the first time, second time is in February in next year, and applies farm organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, the then thin rake of deep ploughing；Spring radish should be kept under strict control seedtime, it is to avoid the phenomenon of bolting occurs in spring radish under cryogenic.
Further, reclaiming mulch film in described step (4) is to use machine for recycling mulch film to carry out mulch film in land for growing field crops to reclaim operation；Machine for recycling mulch film is mainly used in the damaged film gathering in overlay film field, Dry crop agricultural district, generally pulls traction, it is possible to supporting multiple drafting tool uses, maneuverability.
Further, the described Intelligent irrigation system described in step (7) includes solar energy Humidity Detection stake and irrigation system, and solar energy Humidity Detection stake is connected with irrigation system by power line；Rice dry-farming is rigorous concentration moisturizing to irrigate, and soil moisture can be detected in real time by solar energy Humidity Detection stake, solar energy Long-Time Service can be utilized, and control automatic irrigation system by detection soil moisture in real time, kept the skin wet timely by automatic irrigation system when humidity reaches default low spot, accomplish intelligent control management.
Further, in the tiller of paddy rice in the rich water quality management of described step (8), jointing, booting, flowering need to respectively be poured water once period；Rational utilization of water resources, ensure that normal growth and the high yield of paddy rice on the premise of water saving.
Further, the weeding work in described step (8) is to utilize chemical herbicide repeatedly to carry out weeding operation in early stage, manually pulls out at later-stage utilization；Because rice dry-farming does not has waterlayer control, after one rainfall event, all can sprout a large amount of weeds, if the growth of weeds can not be controlled in time, the growth of paddy rice will be had a strong impact on, and chemical weeding the most once can not reach effect, also want indirect labor's weeding.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and beneficial effect:
(1) present invention utilizes the dry farming crop rotation method of radish and paddy rice, Appropriate application vegetables, grain that Mineral Nutrition Absorptions various in soil are utilized complementarity principle, it is achieved Term Fertilization intensive；
(2) present invention utilizes rice dry-farming technology, not only saving water resource, moreover it is possible to reduce the popularization of the human cost of whole field bedding, beneficially water-deficient area；
(3) present invention utilizes intelligent irrigation system, it is possible to during paddy growth, moisturizing is irrigated timely, solves rice dry-farming and ties the less poky shortcoming of fringe because of crop water shortage.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1:
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation, described mode comprises the following steps: 1. the turning over of land for growing field crops；2. the plantation of spring radish；3. the field management of spring radish；4. spring radish is gathered and land for growing field crops prepares；5. the plantation of paddy rice；6. the field management of paddy rice；7. rice harves.
Further, described step 1 is first to carry out the deep ploughing in land for growing field crops in November, ploughed depth is not less than 20cm, and carry out second time in the February in next year and turn over, to apply fertilizer after turning over, every mu of composite fertilizer applying 3000kg farm organic fertilizer and 50kg respectively is as base manure, then according to bag ditch 100cm bedding, wherein furrow face width is between 50cm-70cm, furrow height 20cm, and furrow face is made into turtleback shape.
Further, in described step 2, white jade spring kind is selected in the plantation of spring radish, and this kind winter habit is strong, at low ambient temperatures can fast-growth, and excellent quality, to reduce the risk of early bolting；Spring radish after planting at covered ground mulch film, it is incubated by mulch film.
Further, in described step 3, the fertilising of field management is based on base manure, and it is auxiliary for topdressing, the unsuitable practical excess fertilizer of spring radish, is entering rosette state composite fertilizer to be imposed, is entering expanding stage then to impose potash fertilizer at meat；After spring radish emerges should rupture of membranes in time, after rupture of membranes, carry out looking into seedling fill the gaps with seedlings.
Further, in described step 3, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of field management mainly utilizes organic agricultural chemicals to spray, it is to avoid use chemical pesticide to cause osmosis pollution for soil and groundwater.
Further, in described step 4, the preparation in land for growing field crops mainly tillage operation is to reach Horizon, native broken unrooted stubble, should be reclaimed by mulch film or directly turns over and carry out tillage operation after spring radish is gathered in the crops.
Further, Fruit variety Zheng drought No. 6 or the super upland rice 502 of paddy rice in described step 5, these kind moderate growth duration, strong for drought adaptability, under dry farming, it is obtained in that higher and stable yield, carries out Rice Cropping the middle ten days the most in may.
Further, answering pretreated water rice in described step 5 before Rice Cropping is first within two days, then to be screened with the salt solution of 25% in fine day airing by seed, uses insecticide seed soaking sterilization 3-4d afterwards, treats seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally then and sowed.
Further, in described step 5, rice cultivation uses the mode that field is live, diameter about 4cm, the hole of the degree of depth about 8-9cm is beaten according to line-spacing 25cm or big micro-ridge 30 × 20cm kind form of planting big Tanaka, in rice paddy seed access aperture after the most live process, finally pour water and fill up hole and be only advisable with ground moistening.
Further, timely at earth surfaces covering with plastic film after direct sowing of rice completes in described step 5, mulch film is degradable mulch or paper membrane, owing to the air-tightness of mulch film is strong, soil water evaporation can be significantly reduced after covering with ground sheeting, make soil moisture stable, and can keep moistening for a long time, the beneficially growth of root system；Film mulching cultivation can improve the ecological environment of rice field, improves the early season soil moisture 1～3 DEG C, and compared with bare area dry farming, film mulching cultivation can increase total root length of rice root at heading stage, specific root length, and these indexs and routine water to make difference little.
Further, weeding work in the field management of described step 6 utilizes chemical herbicide and manually carries out, the crop smothering problem of rice dry-farming always hinders one of key that its area develops on a large scale, the agriculture using 12% think the confection that it and butachlor be watered carry out sprinkling can effective management of weeds, and later stage weeds more greatly can not medication agent, can only use and manually pull out.
Further, the rich water quality management in the field management of described step 6 is main or based on base fertilizer, base fertilizer is organic farm manure and conventional composite fertilizer, and every mu of organic farm manure applying about 3000kg and the composite fertilizer of about 50kg topdressed twice in tillering stage；Pour water then in the repeatedly moisturizing of tillering stage, boot stage and During Grain-filling, if natural precipitation abundance can suitably reduce moisturizing number of times or not carry out moisturizing；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is mainly to spray organic agricultural chemicals.
Further, described step 7 is to utilize disintegrating machine to crush rice straw in rice harves, then turns over into Tanaka or for compost.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is to optimize further on the basis of above-described embodiment, the most to better implement the present invention；Described step 5 is laid with Intelligent irrigation system in field after direct sowing of rice completes, Intelligent irrigation system includes irrigation system and solar energy Humidity Detection stake, irrigation system is laid in furrow ditch, by power line and solar energy humidity sensor, multiple solar energy Humidity Detection stakes are evenly distributed on big Tanaka, and can independently control the irrigation system near each solar energy Humidity Detection stake；Solar energy Humidity Detection stake detects a range of soil moisture bottom stake in real time, implements a certain amount of water replenishment by irrigation system after humidity is less than the threshold values preset, and reaches the purpose that intelligentized control method is irrigated.
The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention not does any pro forma restriction, every above example is made according to the technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations, each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the implantation methods of a paddy rice vegetable crop rotation, it is characterised in that described mode comprises the following steps:
(1) carry out land for growing field crops preparation, turn over before spring crops is sowed；
(2) start to sow spring radish mid-February, and timely covering with plastic film after sowing completes；
(3) after planting management and control pest and disease damage, carries out field rich water quality management；
(4) carry out spring radish the first tenday period of a month in May to gather, after having gathered, mulch film reclaimed or directly turn in field；
(5) suitable rice varieties pretreated water rice are selected；
(6) drought rice is carried out the last ten-days period in may live；
(7) in land for growing field crops, Intelligent irrigation system it is laid with；
(8) paddy field weeding, rich water quality management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of keeping under strict control works；
(9) after rice harves, stalk is reclaimed compost or produces biogas.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: diameter about 4cm, the hole of the degree of depth about 8-9cm first with machinery or are manually beaten according to line-spacing 25cm or big micro-ridge 30 × 20cm kind form of planting in land for growing field crops by described step (6), in rice paddy seed access aperture after the most live process, finally pour water and fill up hole.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step (5), pretreated water rice is first within two days, then to be screened with the salt solution of 25% in fine day airing by seed, use insecticide seed soaking sterilization 3-4d afterwards, treat seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally then and sowed.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described step (6) after rice growing in land for growing field crops covering with plastic film, described mulch film is degradable mulch or paper membrane, by covering with ground sheeting at earth surfaces.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described step (6) must be irrigated after the paper membrane covered and after once making paper membrane immersion, be attached to earth surfaces.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: turning over twice totally in described step (1), being ploughed deeply in land for growing field crops in November for the first time, second time is in February in next year, and apply farm organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, the then thin rake of deep ploughing.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: reclaiming mulch film in described step (4) is to use machine for recycling mulch film to carry out mulch film in land for growing field crops to reclaim operation.
8. according to the paddy rice vegetable crop rotation mode described in any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that: the described Intelligent irrigation system described in step (7) includes solar energy Humidity Detection stake and irrigation system, solar energy Humidity Detection stake is connected with irrigation system by power line.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that: in the tiller of paddy rice in the rich water quality management of described step (8), jointing, booting, flowering need to respectively be poured water once period.
The implantation methods of a kind of paddy rice vegetable crop rotation the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the weeding work in described step (8) is to utilize chemical herbicide repeatedly to carry out weeding operation in early stage, manually pulls out at later-stage utilization.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610270770.7A CN105918029A (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation |
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| CN201610270770.7A CN105918029A (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2016-04-27 | Planting method for rice and vegetable crop rotation |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110301311A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich rice and rich selenium vegetables crop rotation |
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| CN1298633A (en) * | 1999-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | 林国标 | Cultivation method for dry-land crops for five high-yield harvests in one year |
| CN104718837A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for deepening and fertilizing middle-low yield argil rice field plough layer |
-
2016
- 2016-04-27 CN CN201610270770.7A patent/CN105918029A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1298633A (en) * | 1999-06-13 | 2001-06-13 | 林国标 | Cultivation method for dry-land crops for five high-yield harvests in one year |
| CN104718837A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-06-24 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for deepening and fertilizing middle-low yield argil rice field plough layer |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 朱立民等: "稻-菜轮作高产高效栽培技术探讨", 《园艺与种苗》 * |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110301311A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-10-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich rice and rich selenium vegetables crop rotation |
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