CN105284532B - A kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae - Google Patents

A kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae Download PDF

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CN105284532B
CN105284532B CN201510724335.2A CN201510724335A CN105284532B CN 105284532 B CN105284532 B CN 105284532B CN 201510724335 A CN201510724335 A CN 201510724335A CN 105284532 B CN105284532 B CN 105284532B
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compartment
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CN105284532A (en
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高渐飞
李苇洁
张国群
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, it includes nursery arrangement, introduces a collection selection, seed seedling-raising, cuttage and seedling culture;Its percentage of seedgermination can reach more than 90%, and cuttage survival rate can reach more than 55%.The present invention can improve the artificial cultivation success rate of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, realize the large-scale planting of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, have good market development prospect and economic benefit.

Description

A kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for cultivating seedlings, particularly a kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae belongs to In the technical field of plant culture.
Background technology
Kadsurae coccineae (Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A.C.Smith), the black tiger of alias, Bu Funa, chain timbers orchid family south Schisandra plant is the rare wild plant resource for integrating edible, medicinal, ornamental greening that China originates in, is distributed in The ground such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong.In Guizhou, there are saying for " the good fruit of skin maintenance ", seedling in seedling, the Dong nationality settlement Language is known as " Bu Funa ", and Dong's language is known as " sweet top ", means beautifying and life-prolonging fruit.Kadsurae coccineae pulp contains 7 kinds of human bodies must amino acid With 8 kinds of nonessential amino acids, containing multiple mine trace element, wherein magnesium, iron, violent content higher than apple, Kiwi berry, cherry, The higher fruit of the market prices such as grape, lichee, longan, strawberry;Branch, leaf, root can be used as Chinese medicine, and whole body is all precious.Its fruit To hematopoiesis, cardiovascular protection, promote body growth, enhancing are immune and raising breeding is immune etc. effect more notable, have Higher health value.Guizhou is one of main distributed area of kadsurae coccineae, and per kilogram fresh fruit price is at 50~80 yuan or so at present, often More than 50,000 yuan of income of mu is the third generation novel fruits of great exploitation potential.But since habitat is special, artificial cultivation is more difficult, It is currently in the state of " having market, do not have technology ".
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are to provide a kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, improve The artificial cultivation success rate of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae realizes large-scale planting.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery arranges:Nursery lot is digged comprehensively with rotary cultivator, and depth is 20~30cm, and rake is thin smooth later, using water Flat ribbon land preparation mode carries out prepartion of land;Per 667m2Apply high-quality 800~1000kg of organic fertilizer, and with 1~3kg of Furadan, 4~6kg of fenaminosulf, which is sprinkled into soil, carries out soil disinfection, picks weeds rubble;Then compartment is dug along contour direction ridging, seedbed is wide Depending on 80~120cm, compartment 20~40cm of furrow width, length are with topography, bed soil is fine crushing, smooth;The thick thin river sands of 2~5cm are spread in compartment face, Ground is gently collected together with hoe, depth is no more than 10cm;Arched shed is built in compartment face with bamboo chip, with white plastic film bedding, shakeouts, both sides are buried Enter underground tension, both ends are left a door unlocked, 75% black sunshade net of plastic foil upper berth;
(2) introduces a collection selects:It selects more than mean fruit weight 200g, yielding ability is good, and growing way is strong, and appearance, quality are preferable Fruiting plant is as maternal;
(3) seed seedling-raising:1. seed collection and storage:Kadsurae coccineae fruit mid-October to the end of month is ripe, and pericarp takes on a red color Or aubergine, pinch soft feeling up with hand, fruit is mature on the whole at this time, and each small berries contain 1~3 seed, will Extraseminal pulp fraction removal is wrapped in, collects seed;Seed paving is dried in the air on cardboard, is gently pushed with hand, by seed It uniformly spreads out, guarantee is not overlapped, in ventilating and cooling place naturally dry;Then the seed dried is stored in ventilative, permeable sail In cloth bag or kraft paper bag, regular check, which to avoid, goes mouldy;2. seed treatment:It is 25~30 DEG C that seed is put into temperature Clear water invades bubble 12~24 hours, sand cutting, is fitted into the ventilative pocket such as gunny or snakeskin bag, after keeping 10~15 days moist, kind Son starts to emit bud, can sow;3. sowing time and mode:Mid-February~sowing mid-March is selected, after above-mentioned sand is hidden vernalization The seed bud to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is put upward is multicast to seedbed, and seeding row spacing is 15 × 25cm, and covering 2~3mm with rice hulls preserves soil moisture;With spraying Device is drenched compartment face with mist;4. seedling management:It checks 1 time within after planting every 3~4 days, according to soil moisture content, with sprayer with thin Mist supplements compartment face moisture so that compartment face to be kept to moisten;Young leaves starts to grow within 30 days or so, to grow the weaker shoot for being difficult to broken shell into Pedestrian's work decladding;2 blades can be observed at the beginning of 6 months;5. it emerges:Leaf growth promotes trunk to 20cm or so removably terminal bud It is sturdy;It can emerge, be transplanted during ground diameter >=3mm;
(4) cuttage and seedling culture:1. cuttings selects:Selection branch is sturdy from excellent plant, it is short, 1~2 year without disease pest to save Raw branch is as cuttings;2. cuttings is handled:Branch is cut into long 30cm or so cutting, and 20~25 are bundled into a bundle, with 400~600 Times liquid potassium permanganate carries out disinfection, and is hybridly prepared into mud using root-inducing powder dilution and sticky yellow earth, cuttings is stained with mud after slurry again Carry out cuttage;It is reduced moisture with sealing with wax, applying plant consolidant or wrapping plastic film sealing and is distributed in tip;3. cuttage:Annual 1 In~March, perpendicular to seedbed, trend opens 15~20cm depth ditches on the face of compartment, and cutting is arranged according to spacing in the rows for 15cm~20cm, Previous row is covered when opening next line soil, is in the ranks 20~25cm;The soil of cutting surrounding is gently compacted with hoe, cutting height is unearthed Face 10cm or so;Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling management:It checks 1 time within every 6~7 days, according to soil moisture content, Compartment face moisture is supplemented so that compartment face to be kept to moisten with mist with sprayer;Observe cutting whether blackening or water loss and wound Healing state finds significantly withered timely interpolation;Start rudiment May, retain 3 or so growth buds;5. it emerges:Grow bud 15cm or so removably terminal buds are grown into, promotion is sturdy, can emerge, be transplanted with Truck Connection position diameter >=2mm.
The method for cultivating seedlings of above-mentioned wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, in step (1), the nursery lot be preferably nonirrigated farmland or Well draining rice field, soil property is sa yellow earth, sand mud is native or well-drained sandy loam;It is preferably selected prepartion of land, profit Make nursery in the plot of draining.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:Compared with prior art, the present invention can improve the artificial cultivation of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae Success rate realizes the large-scale planting of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, has good market development prospect and economic benefit.
The technological highlights of the present invention:1st, sand is carried out to seed and hides Cui's root, then sowed, germination percentage significantly improves, reachable To more than 90%.2nd, mud being hybridly prepared into using root-inducing powder dilution and sticky yellow earth, cuttings is stained with mud after slurry and forms protective layer, The fine moisturizing of energy, Cui's root effect is more preferable, can significantly improve cuttage survival rate, can reach more than 55%.3rd, plastic foil upper berth 75% Black sunshade net can provide intensity of illumination needed for optimum kadsurae coccineae plant strain growth.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the seedbed plan view of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the seedbed cross-sectional view of the present invention.
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:The nursery technology of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, includes the following steps:
(1) nursery selection of land is with arranging:Nursery is made in selection north-south drainage condition preferable 1.5 mu of paddy field, after rice harvesting, It is digged comprehensively with rotary cultivator, depth 20cm, field surrounding excavates gutter, and after drying 3 months, rake is thin smooth, using water Flat ribbon land preparation mode carries out prepartion of land;2m high greenhouses are built, per 667m2High-quality organic fertilizer 1000kg is applied, and uses furans Red 1kg, fenaminosulf 4kg, which are sprinkled into soil, carries out soil disinfection, picks weeds rubble;Then compartment is dug along contour direction ridging, such as Fig. 1, shown in 2, the wide L1 in seedbed is 100cm, compartment furrow width L2 is that 30cm (stays 30cm wide gutters, depth is among compartment and compartment 20cm), depending on length is with topography, bed soil is fine crushing, smooth;In the thick thin river sands of compartment face paving 5cm, ground is gently collected together with hoe, depth is not More than 10cm;Arched shed is built in compartment face with bamboo chip, with white plastic film bedding, shakeouts, and both sides embedment underground tenses, and both ends are left a door unlocked, 75% black sunshade net of plastic foil upper berth.
(2) introduces a collection selects:It selects more than mean fruit weight 200g, yielding ability is good, and growing way is strong, and appearance, quality are preferable Fruiting plant is as maternal.
(3) seed seedling-raising:1. seed collection and storage:Kadsurae coccineae fruit is ripe November, and pericarp takes on a red color or aubergine, use Hand pinches soft feeling up, and fruit is mature on the whole at this time, and each small berries contain 1~3 seed, will be wrapped in outside seed Pulp fraction removal, collect seed;Seed paving is dried in the air on cardboard, is gently pushed with hand, seed is uniformly spread out, is ensured It is not overlapped, in ventilating and cooling place naturally dry;Then the seed dried is stored in ventilative, permeable canvas bag or brown paper In bag, regular check, which to avoid, goes mouldy;2. seed treatment:Seed with cold water is eluriated, removes flat kind, being then placed in temperature is 25~30 DEG C of clear water invades bubble 24 hours, and sand cutting is loaded into the ventilative pockets such as gunny, snakeskin bag, keeps 15 days moist Behind left and right, seed starts to emit bud, can sow;3. sowing time and mode:Sowing mid-March is selected, is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally after sand is hidden vernalization Seed bud put be multicast to seedbed upward, seeding row spacing (L3 × L4) is 15 × 25cm, is preserved soil moisture with rice hulls covering 3mm;With spray Day with fog is drenched compartment face with mist;4. seedling management:After planting every 3~4 days check 1 time, are supplemented with sprayer with mist within every 7 days Compartment face moisture with ensure keep compartment face moistening;Young leaves starts to grow within about 30 days or so, to grow the weaker shoot for being difficult to broken shell into Pedestrian's work decladding;2 blades, germination percentage 91% can be observed at the beginning of 6 months;5. it emerges:Seedling growth is to 20cm or so after 4 months Removably terminal bud promotes trunk sturdy;It can emerge, be transplanted during ground diameter≤3mm.
(4) cuttage and seedling culture:1. cuttings selects:Selection branch is sturdy from excellent plant, saves life in 1 year short, without disease pest Branch is as cuttings;2. cuttings is handled:Branch is cut into long 30cm or so, and 25 root cuttings are bundled into a bundle, with 500 times of liquid potassium permanganate It carries out disinfection, mud is hybridly prepared into using IBT root-inducing powders dilution and sticky yellow earth, cuttings is stained with mud after slurry, then carries out cuttage; Tip applies plant consolidant, reduces moisture and distributes;3. cuttage:In annual 1~March, perpendicular to seedbed, trend opens 20cm on the face of compartment Cutting according to spacing in the rows for 15cm is arranged, covers previous row when opening next line soil, is in the ranks 25cm by deep ditch;It is light with hoe The soil of light compacting cutting surrounding, cutting height are unearthed face 10cm or so;Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling management: It checks 1 time within every 7 days, according to soil moisture content, compartment face moisture is supplemented to ensure that compartment face is kept to moisten with mist with sprayer;Observation is inserted Item whether blackening or water loss and wound healing situation, find significantly withered timely interpolation;May starts rudiment, 3 strong buds for retaining different directions make growth bud;5. it emerges:Growth bud grows into 15cm or so removably terminal buds, and promotion is sturdy, It can emerge, be transplanted with Truck Connection position diameter >=2mm.
Embodiment 2:The nursery technology of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, includes the following steps:
(1) nursery selection of land is with arranging:Nursery is made in selection north-south drainage condition preferable 1.5 mu of paddy field, after rice harvesting, It is digged comprehensively with rotary cultivator, depth 30cm, field surrounding excavates gutter, and after drying 3 months, rake is thin smooth, using water Flat ribbon land preparation mode carries out prepartion of land;2m high greenhouses are built, per 667m2High-quality organic fertilizer 800kg is applied, and uses Furadan 3kg, fenaminosulf 6kg, which are sprinkled into soil, carries out soil disinfection, picks weeds rubble;Then compartment, seedbed are dug along contour direction ridging Wide L1 is 120cm, compartment furrow width L2 is 40cm (40cm wide gutters, depth 20cm are stayed among compartment and compartment), length with topography and Fixed, bed soil is fine crushing, smooth;In the thick thin river sands of compartment face paving 2cm, ground is gently collected together with hoe, depth is no more than 10cm;Compartment face bamboo chip Arched shed is built, with white plastic film bedding, is shakeout, both sides embedment underground tenses, and both ends are left a door unlocked, and 75% black of plastic foil upper berth hides Screened postive.
(2) introduces a collection selects:It selects more than mean fruit weight 200g, yielding ability is good, and growing way is strong, and appearance, quality are preferable Fruiting plant is as maternal.
(3) seed seedling-raising:1. seed collection and storage:Kadsurae coccineae fruit is ripe November, and pericarp takes on a red color or aubergine, use Hand pinches soft feeling up, and fruit is mature on the whole at this time, and each small berries contain 1~3 seed, will be wrapped in outside seed Pulp fraction removal, collect seed;Seed paving is dried in the air on cardboard, is gently pushed with hand, seed is uniformly spread out, is ensured It is not overlapped, in ventilating and cooling place naturally dry;Then the seed dried is stored in ventilative, permeable canvas bag or brown paper In bag, regular check, which to avoid, goes mouldy;2. seed treatment:Seed with cold water is eluriated, removes flat kind, being then placed in temperature is 25~30 DEG C of clear water invades bubble 12 hours, and sand cutting is loaded into the ventilative pockets such as gunny, snakeskin bag, keeps 10 days moist Behind left and right, seed starts to emit bud, can sow;3. sowing time and mode:Sowing mid-February is selected, after above-mentioned sand is hidden vernalization The seed bud to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally is put upward is multicast to seedbed, and seeding row spacing (L3 × L4) is 15 × 25cm, is preserved soil moisture with rice hulls covering 3mm; Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling management:After planting every 4 days check 1 time, are mended with sprayer with mist within every 7 days Compartment face moisture is filled to ensure that compartment face moistens;Young leaves starts to grow within about 30 days or so, is carried out to growing the weaker shoot for being difficult to broken shell Artificial decladding;2 blades, germination percentage 91% can be observed at the beginning of 6 months;5. it emerges:Seedling growth is gone to 20cm or so after 4 months Except ground terminal bud, promote trunk sturdy;It can emerge, be transplanted during ground diameter >=3mm.
(4) cuttage and seedling culture:1. cuttings selects:Selection branch is sturdy from excellent plant, saves life in 1 year short, without disease pest Branch is as cuttings;2. cuttings is handled:Branch is cut into long 30cm or so, and 20 root cuttings are bundled into a bundle, with 600 times of liquid potassium permanganate It carries out disinfection, mud is hybridly prepared into using IBT root-inducing powders dilution and sticky yellow earth, cuttings is stained with mud after slurry, then carries out cuttage; Tip applies plant consolidant, reduces moisture and distributes;3. cuttage:In annual 1~March, perpendicular to seedbed, trend opens 15cm on the face of compartment Cutting according to spacing in the rows for 20cm is arranged, covers previous row when opening next line soil, is in the ranks 20cm by deep ditch;It is light with hoe The soil of light compacting cutting surrounding, cutting height are unearthed face 10cm or so;Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling management: It checks 1 time within every 6 days, according to soil moisture content, compartment face moisture is supplemented so that compartment face to be kept to moisten with mist with sprayer;Observing cutting is No blackening or water loss and wound healing situation find significantly withered timely interpolation;Start rudiment May, retain 3 strong buds of different directions make growth bud;5. it emerges:Growth bud grows into 15cm or so removably terminal buds, and promotion is sturdy, with master Dry connecting portion diameter >=2mm can emerge, and be transplanted.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae, which is characterized in that it includes seed seedling-raising and cuttage and seedling culture two Kind method, step are as follows:
(1) nursery arranges:Nursery lot is digged comprehensively with rotary cultivator, and depth is 20~30cm, and rake is thin smooth later, using horizontal stripes Shape land preparation mode carries out prepartion of land;Per 667m2Apply high-quality 800~1000kg of organic fertilizer, and with 1~3kg of Furadan, enemy gram 4~6kg of pine, which is sprinkled into soil, carries out soil disinfection, picks weeds rubble;Then compartment is dug along contour direction ridging, seedbed is wide by 80~ Depending on 120cm, compartment 20~40cm of furrow width, length are with topography, bed soil is fine crushing, smooth;The thick thin river sands of 2~5cm are spread in compartment face, with hoe Head gently collects together ground, and depth is no more than 10cm;Arched shed is built in compartment face with bamboo chip, with white plastic film bedding, shakeouts, both sides embedment ground Lower tension, both ends are left a door unlocked, 75% black sunshade net of plastic foil upper berth;
(2) introduces a collection selects:It selects more than mean fruit weight 200g, yielding ability is good, and growing way is strong, the preferable fruiting of appearance, quality Plant is as maternal;
(3) seed seedling-raising:1. seed collection and storage:Kadsurae coccineae fruit mid-October to the end of month is ripe, and pericarp takes on a red color or purple Red pinches soft feeling up with hand, and fruit is mature on the whole at this time, and each small berries contain 1~3 seed, will wrap up It is removed in extraseminal pulp fraction, collects seed;Seed paving is dried in the air on cardboard, is gently pushed with hand, and seed is uniform It spreads out, guarantee is not overlapped, in ventilating and cooling place naturally dry;Seed is stored in ventilative, permeable canvas bag or brown paper In bag, regular check, which to avoid, goes mouldy;2. seed treatment:Seed is put into the clear water that temperature is 25~30 DEG C and impregnates 12~24 Hour, sand cutting is fitted into gunny or snakeskin bag, and after keeping 10~15 days moist, seed starts to emit bud, can sow;3. it sows Time and mode:Mid-February~sowing mid-March is selected, the seed bud to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after the Tibetan vernalization of above-mentioned sand is put upward and is multicast to seedling Bed, seeding row spacing are 15 × 25cm, and covering 2~3mm with rice hulls preserves soil moisture;Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling Period management:It checks 1 time within after planting every 3 days, according to soil moisture content, compartment face moisture is supplemented to ensure to keep compartment with mist with sprayer Face moistens;Young leaves starts to grow within about 30 days, and artificial decladding is carried out to growing the weaker shoot for being difficult to broken shell;It can be observed 2 at the beginning of 6 months A blade;5. it emerges:Leaf growth removes terminal bud to 15~20cm, to promote trunk sturdy;It can emerge during ground diameter >=3mm, It is transplanted;
(4) cuttage and seedling culture:1. cuttings selects:Selection branch is sturdy from excellent plant, saves short, 1~2 year without disease pest raw branch Item is as cuttings;2. cuttings is handled:Branch is cut into long 30~40cm cuttings, and 20~25 are bundled into a bundle, with 400~600 times of liquid Potassium permanganate carries out disinfection, and mud is hybridly prepared into using root-inducing powder dilution and sticky yellow earth, and cuttings is stained with mud after slurry and carries out again Cuttage;It is reduced moisture with sealing with wax, applying plant consolidant or wrapping plastic film sealing and is distributed in tip;3. cuttage:Annual 1~3 Month, perpendicular to seedbed, trend opens 15~20cm depth ditches on the face of compartment, and cutting according to spacing in the rows for 15cm~20cm is arranged, is opened down Previous row is covered during a line soil, is in the ranks 20~25cm;Gently it is compacted the soil of cutting surrounding with hoe, cutting height is unearthed face 10 ~15cm;Compartment face is drenched with mist with sprayer;4. seedling management:It checks 1 time within every 6~7 days, according to soil moisture content, with spray Day with fog supplements compartment face moisture so that compartment face to be kept to moisten with mist;Observe cutting whether blackening or water loss and wound healing Situation finds significantly withered timely interpolation;Start rudiment May, retain 3~5 growth buds;5. it emerges:Grow bud growth Terminal bud is removed to 15~20cm, promotion is sturdy, can emerge, be transplanted with Truck Connection position diameter >=2mm.
2. the method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), institute The nursery lot stated is nonirrigated farmland or well draining rice field, and soil property is sa yellow earth, sand mud is native or well-drained sandy loam;Choosing It selects prepartion of land, make nursery conducive to the plot of draining.
CN201510724335.2A 2015-10-24 2015-10-24 A kind of method for cultivating seedlings of wild fruit kadsurae coccineae Expired - Fee Related CN105284532B (en)

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