CN107853055A - A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na - Google Patents

A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107853055A
CN107853055A CN201711206267.6A CN201711206267A CN107853055A CN 107853055 A CN107853055 A CN 107853055A CN 201711206267 A CN201711206267 A CN 201711206267A CN 107853055 A CN107853055 A CN 107853055A
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fertilizer
fruit
management
plant
year
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郑婷
秦丁荣
朱本华
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Guilin Taisol Agricultural Science And Technology Ltd Co
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Guilin Taisol Agricultural Science And Technology Ltd Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na, comprise the following steps：1) place election 2) seedling management：3) Cultivate administration：4) florescence and period rich water quality management of bearing fruit：Weed with a hoe；Fertilising：Every plant is made base fertilizer with farm manure and the mixing of calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, during top dressing, applies the rotten farm manure of fermentation, seedling half a year of not bearing fruit applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time, applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time within 10 days after bearing fruit；5) pest management.

Description

A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting technical field, more particularly to a kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na.
Background technology
Bu Funa, also known as black tiger, Nan Buwang, kadsurae coccineae, thoroughly red mountain excessively, company's ball, the great Ye south five tastes, are Magnoliaceae south The wooden evergreen liana wild plant of Schizandra.Bu Funa be the Schisandraceae Plant thickness leaf fruit of Chinese magnoliavine fruit, the evergreen rattan of chain timbers matter This plant, it is primary in Southwestern China portion virgin forest.Bu Funa fruits are the fruit of seedling, Yao nationality people cultivation from generation to generation, and Miao claims " cloth Fu Na ", mean the fruit of beautifying and life-prolonging.Its root can be used for the promoting flow of qi and blood circulation, swelling and pain relieving.
Bu Funa belongs to liana, and complete stool is hairless.Leaf keratin, Long Circle to ovum shape lanceolar is long 7-18 centimetres, wide 3-8 centimetres, Tip is blunt or short tapering, base portion wide wedge shape or subcircular, full edge, and lateral vein is per side 6-7 bars, net vein unobvious；Petiole is long 1-2.5 lis Rice.Hua Dan is born in axil, dilute paired, monoecism.Male flower：Tapel is red, 10-16 pieces, middle maximum 1 ellipse of wheel, long 2-2.5 centimetres, wide about 14 millimeters, most lubrication groove 3 substantially thickens, meat；Holder conico-acuminate, long 7-10 millimeters, top tool 1- The brill shape appendage of 20 branches；Oecium oval shape is subsphaeroidal, footpath 6-7 millimeters, has 14-48 pieces of stamen；Filigree top Surrounded for two coyote holes；The long 1-4 centimetres of female flowers of bennet：Tapel is similar to male flower, and style stub boring shape, top is without peltate stigma Hat, the oval bodily form of carpel, 50-80 pieces, the long 5-10 millimeters of bennet.Aggregate fruit is subsphaeroidal, red or mulberry, 6-10 centimetres of footpath or It is bigger；Small berries obovate, up to 4 centimetres, exocarp keratin, do not show seed.
Bu Funa dioecism, primary in Southwestern China portion virgin forest, growth potential is stronger, and year increment is big, and main root is not Substantially, lateral root is flourishing, and its rhizome portion sprouts adventitious root, and ground vines are sprouted by the eye on rhizome or cutting, if vines It cannot get appropriate object to intertwind, growth can be caused tree crown in shape of growing thickly, new climing acquisition object in time by a certain degree of suppression Intertwind, growth and development of plants is smooth, is advantageous to tree crown outer layers spatial spread.
The big uniqueness of Bu Funa fruits, it is sweet during fruit maturation, eat tasty, the quality that fruit can all reach pollution-free food will Ask.Pulp starches more, sweet fragrance as grape；Fruit is containing abundant VC, VE and various trace elements.Yellowish pink such as lichee is milky white thin It is greasy；Its fruit energy dark hair moisturizing of often feeding, nourishes beauty treatment, clear away heart-fire intelligence development, braces up energy and delay senility.
Bu Funa, fruit type is peculiar, and nutrition and medical value are high, has edible, views and admires, beautifies, afforest etc. and act on, being new generation The dilute product of third generation fruit of discipline most Development volue.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na, by being applied in florescence and during bearing fruit Special nutrition fertilizer, nutrient solution, reach pest control, realize the effect that Bu Funa high yields increase income.
A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1) place election：Selection has the shallow mountain forest of the soil layer of irrigation conditions, a planting site of ventilation and penetrating light, selection it is neutral or The sandy soil building well plantation of subacidity, the whole thin leveling in soil；
2) seedling management：
Seed seedling-raising：The full seed sowing of seed selection no disease and pests harm, is sowed using Underground-Ditch-Pattern；
Transplant planting：After emergence, to after the 6-7 months, the too high seedling of temperature is too tender, easily dries up, and controls temperature, and it is fixed to transplant the 11-1 months Plant, keep root to have adequate water；
Planting patterns：Take shed frame type cultivation or trellis type cultivation；
3) Cultivate administration：
Field cultivation rich water quality management：Top dressing in 1 year 2 times；
Scaffolding management：2nd year and frame of puing up a shed thereafter；
Cut skill management：Period is divided into spring pruning, the summer cuts for trimming, fall pruning, winter cut；
4) florescence and period rich water quality management of bearing fruit：
Weed with a hoe；
Fertilising：Every plant is made base fertilizer with farm manure and the mixing of calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, during top dressing, applies the rotten farm manure of fermentation, Seedling half a year of not bearing fruit applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time, applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time within 10 days after bearing fruit；
Nutrition fertilizer described in step 4), obtained by following preparation method：
1. immersion treatment：Hypericum perforatum is loaded into woven bag, ties mouth, is placed in pond, pond topped up with water, and in pond Weight in upper face pressure, soak 15-24h；
2. Feedstock treating：1. hypericum perforatum that step is obtained crushes, and adds pure equivalent to 2-3 times of weight of raw material Water, 50-60 DEG C of maintenance 5-10min is heated to, obtains paste serous material；
3. digest：2. paste serous material that step is obtained, tune pH are 4-5, add paste serous material 0.05-0.1% parts by weight Pectin-cellulose complex enzyme and the mannitol of 0.001 parts by weight carry out enzymolysis 40-60min, obtain enzymolysis liquid；
4. deoil：3. enzymolysis liquid that step is obtained, the pure water of 2-3 times of weight is added, be heated to 60-70 DEG C of extraction 60-120min, upper strata oil slick liquid and subnatant, slag mixture are obtained, the slag of isolated lower floor is as nutrition fertilizer；
5) pest management：
10 days spraying nutrient solutions 1 time after bearing fruit, nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1. Feedstock treating：By Herba Andrographitis it is clean, it is drying, crush；
2. Steam explosion treatment：1. material that step is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank The 1/4-1/3 of volume, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, dwell time maintain 150-200s；
3. distillation is handled：2. material that step is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe Device, collect essential oil；
4. high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：3. essential oil that step is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30- 40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
The climatic environment of planting site described in step 1) of the present invention, preferably 15-21 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, the dim moistening of temperature；
The whole thin leveling in soil described in step 1), Bu Funa seeds require the loose just easily germination of soil property, and cultivating preceding soil will Plough deeply, and apply organic matter more, for example, crush tangerine bar, animal wastes, decomposed leaves, according to wood powder etc., organic matter contains in addition Amount height has certain water-retaining property, is advantageous to the loose of soil property and is just more beneficial for surviving for seedling, steady and sure after being banketed when planting seedling, watering.
Seed seedling-raising described in step 2), the fresh seeds preferably harvested then are directly sowed then, it is impossible to are exposed to the sun, are washed out Can directly be sowed with the live moisture content that can also dry after seed, if the second half year bad sowing want to be left to Second Year sowing, it is necessary to Sand storage was sowed to the Second Year beginning of spring, the plantation of general Bu Funa seeds autumn and winter, it is necessary to emergence in or so Second Year April in the beginning of spring.
Underground-Ditch-Pattern sowing described in step 2), preferably 5cm broadcast a seed, sowing bonnet 2cm or so soil, one mu 25000-35000 strains are advisable, and 1.2m digs a ridge, dig 25-30cm ditch depths, timely draining when convenient rainy, ditch depth is according to field drought Flooded situation is formulated, it is necessary to cover sunshade net, it is necessary to keep soil humidity, unsuitable overdrying and excessively flooded, and soil property can not be hardened, not so shadow Germination percentage is rung, due to Bu Funa freexing tolerance, so winter can not influence germination percentage, but be unable to rain with outdoor sowing completely Dilutional hyponatremia, if soil the inside water content is too high, seed will rot, seedling in greenhouse of such as having ready conditions, than outdoor nursery emergence rate Height, and it is early to emerge.
Control temperature described in step 2), preferably lid sunshade net, night water spray etc..
Transplant planting described in step 2), Bu Funa into transplantation of seedlings and management Bu Funa seedlings be divided into 1 year seedling, 2 years seedlings, 3 years seedlings, wherein 1 year seed, which is planted, needs 3 years ability results, 2 years seeds plant 2 annual bearings, 3 years seedling time annual bearings；Bu Funa seedlings Transplanting is planted suitable weather and should not overheated, and to keep root to have adequate water during transplanting, transplanting implantation time is with November-(year in January Before) most preferably, south is colonized in March November to next year, and the north is colonized in the month in spring 3-4, and every mu is planted 170 plants, seeding row spacing 2X2m；Beat Cave need not be too deep, is advisable with each 0.5m of length and width, deep 0.4m, draining is carried out in ditching, using Ridged plant.
Top dressing in 1 year described in step 3) 2 times, preferably the 1st time before lamina, the 2nd time is before flowering, the 1st time apply fertilizer every plant Well-rotted farmyard manure 2.5-5kg is applied, starts out the deep annular grooves of 10-20cm around away from root 30-50cm, applies rear overburden soil；2nd Secondary top dressing increase phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, to promote fruit normal development ripe；If in fruit expanding period combination tillage and weeding and apply Some muck or biogas slurry fertilizer, then fruit is big full, and how sweet juice is, and quality is superior.Bu Funa like water, it is manurial-philous, grow compared with Hurry up, often to water, weeding, fertilising, pregnant flower bud, bloom, period in addition to supplying enough moisture, fertilizer also must assure that confession Should.
Scaffolding management described in step 3), preferably the 2nd year and built thereafter, material can use bamboo and wood, steel, concrete column etc., The bamboo and wood life-span only had for 2 to 5 years just needed to change, but preceding current cost is lower, and concrete column steelframe service life can reach 9 years More than, but preceding current cost is relatively high, and posture may be selected strain A seating, single hedge formula, people's formula and take method, frame etc., no matter which kind of Structure, north and south row is all answered in favor of ventilation and penetrating light, the high 1.8-2.5m of frame, after shelf is built up, being strapped in tightrope by master is graceful , can natural restocking later with plant strain growth on column.
Skill management is cut described in step 3), because Bu Funa growing ways are fast, often trimming ability result is more, and quality is good, trimming Period is divided into：Spring pruning, summer are cut, fall pruning, winter cut；
Winter cuts：Shed frame type cultivation typically is not required to trim, and trellis type or potted-plant-type are intended to trim, to control tree-shaped, ensure and produce Amount (Bu Funa major branches are nutrition branches, are the branches and tendrils for controlling tree-shaped, and side shoot is fruitful branch, are the branches and tendrils for controlling fruit)；
Spring pruning：Before rudiment, typically bloom first 1 month and carry out in the winter time, cut short fruitful branch and deadwood, long fruitful branch stays 8-12 luxuriant, remaining is wiped out；
Summer cuts：Period is carried out for the annual 5-9 months, is also had sprouting and is all sent from main stem, lateral bine, the development of lateral bine sprouting The good fruitful branch for becoming next year, the 7-9 months are that Bu Funa 2 takes turns the summit of growth phase, pay attention to summer management, are trimmed, Ji Shengzhi, thorax branch, overlapping branch and sick branch are cut, overstocked innovation also will be pruned off or truncated, this period is except strengthening Outside rich water quality management, trimming and finishing is needed, controls main stem, suitably cultivates lateral bine, promotes vigorous branches development, it is ensured that next year gives stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging；
Fall pruning：Carried out in the 10-11 months, mainly wipe out Ji Shengzhi.
Weeding with a hoe described in step 4), because Bu Funa growth periods will weed with a hoe in time, loosing soil is kept, together When in base portion carry out rich water disk, be easy to daily irrigation, it is as far as possible few with or without herbicide, polluted and injury with reducing.
Fertilising described in step 4), preferably every plant is made base fertilizer with 5kg farm manures and the mixing of 0.5kg calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, institute State top dressing, thin fertilizer is diligent to apply, apply the rotten farm manure of fermentation, the seedling half a year nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time of not bearing fruit, every plant with nitrogenous fertilizer 0.5kg, Apply within 10 days or so after bearing fruit phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every plant with phosphorus, potash fertilizer 0.5kg.
Nutrition fertilizer is applied described in step 4), and preferably every plant with nutrition fertilizer 0.5kg.
Pectin-cellulose complex enzyme described in step 4), preferably activity be the active units of 1-3 ten thousand/gram solid-state pectin-fibre Tie up plain complex enzyme.
Pest management described in step 5), refers to：
1. leaf blight (anthracnose)
Early stage is initiated from leaf to edge, gradually infects whole blade, makes blade is withered and yellow to come off, and fruit can be caused when serious Ball comes off；
Preventing and treating：Enhance field management, pay attention to ventilation and penetrating light, early stage, with 1：1：100 Bordeaux mixture are sprayed, 7 days 1 time, Continuously for several times.
2. leaf folder
Leaf roll can be caused after the harm of leaf folder red spider larva, influences fruit growth, or even makes fruit abscission, red spider master Endanger plant tender leaf, tip bud.
Preventing and treating：10 days spraying nutrient solutions 1 time after bearing fruit；
3. oleander aphid
Spray, tender leaf and bud nutrient are drawn, while also secretes substantial amounts of honeydew, to colonize in the excrement of aphid excretion and dividing Matchmaker's dirt germ in secretion provides nutrition, has a strong impact on Bu Funa growth；
Preventing and treating：10 days spraying nutrient solutions 1 time after bearing fruit.
4. dark mildew
Dark mildew endangers blade spray and flower, and black stigma occurs in aggrieved position when starting, and is then linked to be piece, is formed harder The mould layer of hard black, or scattered mildew at initial stage, in flakes after the darkly mould layer of powdery, difficult for drop-off, it is mainly characterized by aggrieved It is covered with the mould layer of the mould cigarette of black on leaf and spray.
Preventing and treating：Appropriate trimming, in favor of ventilation, printing opacity, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, morbidity is reduced, with reference to the stone for spraying 0.3 Baume degrees Sulphur mixture, preferable effect can be received.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the present invention has used special nutrition fertilizer, has come from special process in Bu Funa florescence and during bearing fruit The extraction slag of the hypericum perforatum of processing.The extracting method of existing plant, led to after directly plant material is smashed or crushed The modes such as water extraction/alcohol extracting or Microwave Extraction are crossed directly to extract.Contain grease in the plant cell of hypericum perforatum, mainly by into Be divided into the compound group of triglycerides into mixture, these greases in the form of elaioleucite and oil body protoplast, in discontinuous It is granular, irregularly disperse the existence form such as in the cell together with granule protein body and exist.Hypericum perforatum extraction when, Grease in cell can be isolated simultaneously, and the active ingredient such as group and hypericin, pseudohypericin, pigment containing grease is mixed Together, so as to influence the separation of follow-up active ingredient, the intractability of process is added.The hypericum perforatum that the present invention uses carries Take slag, vegetable fat first extracted using enzyme, it is different with the affinity difference and profit proportion of water to oil using non-oil component and incite somebody to action It is oily to be separated with non-oil component, obtain extracting the nutrition fertilizer that slag is used as Bu Funa.
2nd, the special nutrition fertilizer that the present invention uses, hypericum perforatum are soaked through pond, and hypericum perforatum is immersed in water, gradually Softening, moisture enters inside naturally, beneficial to the separation of vegetable fat, beneficial to subsequently digesting, deoil, meanwhile, it is immersed in water, When anaerobic bacteria amount reproduction, particularly summer, meeting souring, pH value can reduce, the adjustment pH of convenient process below, and And with follow-up adjustment pH to 4-5, the product of acid hypericum perforatum, fit into the neutral or micro- of Bu Funa planting soils Acid requirement.
3rd, the special nutrition fertilizer that the present invention uses, in preparation process, first removed using pectin-cellulose complex enzyme thin Cell wall, the grease in plant cell is discharged, add mannitol, osmotic pressure can be kept, accelerate the release of grease, obtained nutrition Fertilizer, it is more suitable for Bu Funa growth.
4th, the present invention cultivates Bu Funa in mountain forest, is cultivated compared on level land, when transplant planting, beat cave need not too deeply, With each 0.5m of length and width, deep 0.4m is advisable (level land is with each 0.6m of length and width, deep 0.5m), reduces workload.Every mu of frame can 170 plants or so of Bu Funa is planted, period is mid-July to mid-November, the 3rd more than 2100 jin of every mu of annual production, is entered within the 4th year Enter high yield period, per mu yield reaches more than 4500 jin up to growth by more than 12% compared with prior art, and pol increases compared with prior art Add 2-3, reach 11.8-16.0.Based on 16 yuan of lowest price per jin, get bumper crops 4500 jin every mu, every mu of net income up to 7.2 ten thousand yuan/ More than year.
5th, the nutrient solution that pest management of the present invention uses, from recombinant human epidermal growth factor fermentation culture medium, Because the reason for production or storage, some recombinant human epidermal growth factor fermentations do not meet quality standard with culture medium, can quilt Dispose, cause to waste, and present invention applicant is attempted these discarded recombinant human epidermal growth factor fermentation culture mediums The spray agent that the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is planted as Bu Funa kinds is used, has good preventing and treating to imitate for leaf folder, oleander aphid Fruit, the use of the medicaments such as octyl sulfate of the prior art, Rogor, metrifonate can be effectively replaced, has on the one hand saved cost, separately On the one hand, the use of chemical agent is reduced.
Embodiment
With embodiment, the invention will be further described below, but the invention is not limited in these embodiments.
Embodiment：
A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na, comprises the following steps：
1) place election：Selection has the shallow mountain forest of the soil layer of irrigation conditions, the planting site of ventilation and penetrating light, average temperature of the whole year 15-21 DEG C, the climatic environment of the dim moistening of temperature, selection is neutral or the sandy soil building well of subacidity is planted, the whole thin leveling in soil, cultivation Preceding soil will be ploughed deeply, and apply organic matter more, for example, crush tangerine bar, animal wastes, decomposed leaves, according to wood powder etc., in addition Content of organic matter height has certain water-retaining property, is advantageous to the loose of soil property and is just more beneficial for surviving for seedling, after being banketed when planting seedling, steps on It is real, watering；
2) seedling management：
Seed seedling-raising：The full seed sowing of seed selection no disease and pests harm, the fresh seeds harvested then are directly broadcast then Kind, it is impossible to it is exposed to the sun, can be directly sowed, be sowed using Underground-Ditch-Pattern, 5cm broadcasts one with the live moisture content that can also dry after washing out seed The soil of seed, sowing bonnet 2cm or so, one mu of 25000-35000 strain are advisable, and 1.2m digs a ridge, dig 25-30cm ditch depths, convenient Timely draining when raining, ditch depth is formulated, it is necessary to cover sunshade net, it is necessary to keep soil humidity according to field drought and waterlogging situation, unsuitable Overdrying and excessively flooded, soil property can not be hardened；
Transplant planting：Bu Funa is divided into 1 year seedling, 2 years seedlings, 3 years seedlings into transplantation of seedlings and management Bu Funa seedlings, wherein 1 year seed, which is planted, needs 3 years ability results, and 2 years seeds plant 2 annual bearings, 3 years seedling time annual bearings；Bu Funa transplantation of seedlings plantation is suitable Weather should not overheat, and keep during transplanting root to have adequate water, and transplanting implantation time plants 170 plants November-January, every mu, strain Line-spacing 2X2m；Beating cave need not be too deep, is advisable with each 0.5m of length and width, deep 0.4m, and draining is carried out in ditching, using Ridged plant, emergence Afterwards, to after the 6-7 months, the too high seedling of temperature is too tender, easily dries up, lid sunshade net, the control temperature such as night water spray, transplant the 11-1 months calmly Plant, keep root to have adequate water；
Planting patterns：Take shed frame type cultivation or trellis type cultivation；
3) Cultivate administration：
Field cultivation rich water quality management：Top dressing in 1 year 2 times, the 1st time before lamina, the 2nd time is before flowering, and the 1st fertilising is every Well-rotted farmyard manure 2.5-5kg is applied in strain, is started out the deep annular grooves of 10-20cm around away from root 30-50cm, is applied rear overburden soil； 2nd top dressing increases phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, to promote fruit normal development ripe；
Scaffolding management：2nd year and frame of puing up a shed thereafter, material can use bamboo and wood, steel, concrete column etc., and posture selects strain frame, North and south row to, in favor of ventilation and penetrating light, the high 1.8-2.5m of frame, after shelf is built up, be strapped in master is graceful with tightrope on column, with , can natural restocking afterwards with plant strain growth；
Cut skill management：Period is divided into spring pruning, the summer cuts for trimming, fall pruning, winter cut：
Winter cuts：Shed frame type cultivation typically is not required to trim, and trellis type or potted-plant-type are intended to trim, to control tree-shaped, ensure and produce Amount (Bu Funa major branches are nutrition branches, are the branches and tendrils for controlling tree-shaped, and side shoot is fruitful branch, are the branches and tendrils for controlling fruit)；
Spring pruning：Before rudiment, typically bloom first 1 month and carry out in the winter time, cut short fruitful branch and deadwood, long fruitful branch stays 8-12 luxuriant, remaining is wiped out；
Summer cuts：Period is carried out for the annual 5-9 months, is also had sprouting and is all sent from main stem, lateral bine, the development of lateral bine sprouting The good fruitful branch for becoming next year, the 7-9 months are that Bu Funa 2 takes turns the summit of growth phase, pay attention to summer management, are trimmed, Ji Shengzhi, thorax branch, overlapping branch and sick branch are cut, overstocked innovation also will be pruned off or truncated, this period is except strengthening Outside rich water quality management, trimming and finishing is needed, controls main stem, suitably cultivates lateral bine, promotes vigorous branches development, it is ensured that next year gives stable high yields irrespective of drought or water logging；
Fall pruning：Carried out in the 10-11 months, mainly wipe out Ji Shengzhi；
4) florescence and period rich water quality management of bearing fruit：
Weed with a hoe, keep loosing soil, while carry out rich water disk in base portion, be easy to daily irrigation, use less as far as possible or not With herbicide, pollute and injure to reduce；
Fertilising：Every plant is made base fertilizer with 5kg farm manures and the mixing of 0.5kg calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, during top dressing, thin fertilizer is diligent to apply, The rotten farm manure of fermentation is applied, the seedling half a year nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time of not bearing fruit, every plant with nitrogenous fertilizer 0.5kg, is applied for 10 days or so after bearing fruit Phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every plant with phosphorus, potash fertilizer 0.5kg；
Seedling half a year of not bearing fruit applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time, applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time within 10 days after bearing fruit, and every plant with nutrition fertilizer 0.5kg；
Nutrition fertilizer described in step 4), obtained by following preparation method：
1. immersion treatment：Hypericum perforatum is loaded into woven bag, ties mouth, is placed in pond, pond topped up with water, and in pond Weight in upper face pressure, soak 15-24h；
2. Feedstock treating：1. hypericum perforatum that step is obtained crushes, and adds pure equivalent to 2-3 times of weight of raw material Water, 50-60 DEG C of maintenance 5-10min is heated to, obtains paste serous material；
3. digest：2. paste serous material that step is obtained, tune pH are 4-5, add paste serous material 0.05-0.1% parts by weight Activity be the active units of 1-3 ten thousand/gram solid-state pectin-cellulose complex enzyme and the mannitol of 0.001 parts by weight digested 40-60min, obtain enzymolysis liquid；
4. deoil：3. enzymolysis liquid that step is obtained, the pure water of 2-3 times of weight is added, be heated to 60-70 DEG C of extraction 60-120min, upper strata oil slick liquid and subnatant, slag mixture are obtained, the slag of isolated lower floor is as nutrition fertilizer；
5) pest management：
A leaf blights (anthracnose)
Early stage is initiated from leaf to edge.Whole blade is gradually infected, makes blade is withered and yellow to come off, fruit can be caused when serious Ball comes off；
Preventing and treating：Enhance field management, pay attention to ventilation and penetrating light, early stage, with 1：1：100 Bordeaux mixture are sprayed, 7 days 1 time, Continuously for several times.
B leaf folders and oleander aphid
10 days spraying nutrient solutions 1 time after bearing fruit, nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition：
It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
1. Feedstock treating：By Herba Andrographitis it is clean, it is drying, crush；
2. Steam explosion treatment：1. material that step is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank The 1/4-1/3 of volume, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, dwell time maintain 150-200s；
3. distillation is handled：2. material that step is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steaming Vapour, when hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser, then pass through water-oil separating by condenser pipe Device, collect essential oil；
4. high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：3. essential oil that step is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30- 40m/s, time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
C dark mildews
Dark mildew endangers blade spray and flower, and black stigma occurs in aggrieved position when starting, and is then linked to be piece, is formed harder The mould layer of hard black, or scattered mildew at initial stage, in flakes after the darkly mould layer of powdery, difficult for drop-off, it is mainly characterized by aggrieved It is covered with the mould layer of the mould cigarette of black on leaf and spray.
Preventing and treating：Appropriate trimming, in favor of ventilation, printing opacity, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, morbidity is reduced, with reference to the stone for spraying 0.3 Baume degrees Sulphur mixture, preferable effect can be received.
Comparative example 1：
The same embodiment of method, but florescence and do not have using special nutrition fertilizer, nutrient solution during bearing fruit, wherein：
5) pest management：
1. leaf blight (anthracnose)
Early stage is initiated from leaf to edge.Whole blade is gradually infected, makes blade is withered and yellow to come off, fruit can be caused when serious Ball comes off；
Preventing and treating：Enhance field management, pay attention to ventilation and penetrating light, early stage, with 1：1：100 Bordeaux mixture are sprayed, 7 days 1 time, Continuously for several times.
2. leaf folder
Leaf roll can be caused after the harm of leaf folder red spider larva, influences fruit growth, or even makes fruit abscission, red spider master Endanger plant tender leaf, tip bud.
Preventing and treating：Sprayed, noted with 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, 1500 times of liquid or 40% Rogor, 80% metrifonate, 1500 times of liquid Meaning not use high poison, the persistent pesticide such as phosphorus ammonium；
3. oleander aphid
Spray, tender leaf and bud nutrient are drawn, while also secretes substantial amounts of honeydew, to colonize in the excrement of aphid excretion and dividing Matchmaker's dirt germ in secretion provides nutrition, has a strong impact on Bu Funa growth；
Preventing and treating：The method that biological control can be used, when folder bamboo aphid largely occurs；It is pungent using 40% flolimat or 50% 1000 times of liquid of sulphur phosphorus carry out spraying preventing and treating.
4. dark mildew
Dark mildew endangers blade spray and flower, and black stigma occurs in aggrieved position when starting, and is then linked to be piece, is formed harder The mould layer of hard black, or scattered mildew at initial stage, in flakes after the darkly mould layer of powdery, difficult for drop-off, it is mainly characterized by aggrieved It is covered with the mould layer of the mould cigarette of black on leaf and spray.
Preventing and treating：Appropriate trimming, in favor of ventilation, printing opacity, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, morbidity is reduced, with reference to the stone for spraying 0.3 Baume degrees Sulphur mixture, preferable effect can be received.
Comparative example 2：
The same embodiment of method, nutrition fertilizer, is obtained by following preparation method：
1. Feedstock treating：1. hypericum perforatum that step is obtained crushes, and adds pure equivalent to 2-3 times of weight of raw material Water, 50-60 DEG C of maintenance 5-10min is heated to, obtains paste serous material；
2. 1. paste serous material that step is obtained, tune pH is 4-5, adds the fruit of paste serous material 0.05-0.1% parts by weight Glue-cellulose complex enzyme carries out enzymolysis 40-60min, obtains enzymolysis liquid, the slag of isolated lower floor is as nutrition fertilizer.
Nutrient solution is not applied, wherein：
5) pest management：
1. leaf blight (anthracnose)
Early stage is initiated from leaf to edge.Whole blade is gradually infected, makes blade is withered and yellow to come off, fruit can be caused when serious Ball comes off；
Preventing and treating：Enhance field management, pay attention to ventilation and penetrating light, early stage, with 1：1：100 Bordeaux mixture are sprayed, 7 days 1 time, Continuously for several times.
2. leaf folder
Leaf roll can be caused after the harm of leaf folder red spider larva, influences fruit growth, or even makes fruit abscission, red spider master Endanger plant tender leaf, tip bud.
Preventing and treating：Sprayed, noted with 1000 times of liquid of 50% phoxim, 1500 times of liquid or 40% Rogor, 80% metrifonate, 1500 times of liquid Meaning not use high poison, the persistent pesticide such as phosphorus ammonium；
3. oleander aphid
Spray, tender leaf and bud nutrient are drawn, while also secretes substantial amounts of honeydew, to colonize in the excrement of aphid excretion and dividing Matchmaker's dirt germ in secretion provides nutrition, has a strong impact on Bu Funa growth；
Preventing and treating：The method that biological control can be used, when folder bamboo aphid largely occurs；It is pungent using 40% flolimat or 50% 1000 times of liquid of sulphur phosphorus carry out spraying preventing and treating.
4. dark mildew
Dark mildew endangers blade spray and flower, and black stigma occurs in aggrieved position when starting, and is then linked to be piece, is formed harder The mould layer of hard black, or scattered mildew at initial stage, in flakes after the darkly mould layer of powdery, difficult for drop-off, it is mainly characterized by aggrieved It is covered with the mould layer of the mould cigarette of black on leaf and spray.
Preventing and treating：Appropriate trimming, in favor of ventilation, printing opacity, enhancing tree vigo(u)r, morbidity is reduced, with reference to the stone for spraying 0.3 Baume degrees Sulphur mixture, preferable effect can be received.
2012-2017, in Guilin great Jing Yao townshiies heroes Bu Funa nursery base, carry out experiment and compared, pregnant year As a result it is as follows：
Leaf folder, oleander aphid infection conditions

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
    1) place election：Selection has the shallow mountain forest of the soil layer of irrigation conditions, the planting site of ventilation and penetrating light, selects neutral or slightly sour Property the plantation of sandy soil building well, the whole thin leveling in soil；
    2) seedling management：
    Seed seedling-raising：The full seed sowing of seed selection no disease and pests harm, is sowed using Underground-Ditch-Pattern；
    Transplant planting：After emergence, to after the 6-7 months, the too high seedling of temperature is too tender, easily dries up, control temperature, 11-1 month transplant plantings, Root is kept to have adequate water；
    Planting patterns：Take shed frame type cultivation or trellis type cultivation；
    3) Cultivate administration：
    Field cultivation rich water quality management：Top dressing in 1 year 2 times；
    Scaffolding management：2nd year and frame of puing up a shed thereafter；
    Cut skill management：Period is divided into spring pruning, the summer cuts for trimming, fall pruning, winter cut；
    4) florescence and period rich water quality management of bearing fruit：
    Weed with a hoe；
    Fertilising：Every plant is made base fertilizer with farm manure and the mixing of calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, during top dressing, is applied the rotten farm manure of fermentation, is not hung Fruit seedling half a year applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time, applies nutrition fertilizer 1 time within 10 days after bearing fruit；
    Nutrition fertilizer described in step 4), obtained by following preparation method：
    1. immersion treatment：Hypericum perforatum is loaded into woven bag, ties mouth, is placed in pond, pond topped up with water, and on pond Weight in pressure, soak 15-24h；
    2. Feedstock treating：1. hypericum perforatum that step is obtained crushes, and adds the pure water equivalent to 2-3 times of weight of raw material, adds Heat obtains paste serous material to 50-60 DEG C of maintenance 5-10min；
    3. digest：2. paste serous material that step is obtained, tune pH are 4-5, add the fruit of paste serous material 0.05-0.1% parts by weight Glue-cellulose complex enzyme and the mannitol of 0.001 parts by weight carry out enzymolysis 40-60min, obtain enzymolysis liquid；
    4. deoil：3. enzymolysis liquid that step is obtained, the pure water of 2-3 times of weight is added, be heated to 60-70 DEG C of extraction 60- 120min, upper strata oil slick liquid and subnatant, slag mixture are obtained, the slag of isolated lower floor is as nutrition fertilizer；
    5) pest management：
    10 days spraying nutrient solutions 1 time after bearing fruit, nutrient solution is made up of following part by weight composition：
    It is 8.0 to adjust pH with phosphate buffer；
    The accelerator is prepared using following methods：
    1. Feedstock treating：By Herba Andrographitis it is clean, it is drying, crush；
    2. Steam explosion treatment：1. material that step is obtained is put into steam blasting tank, and volume is equivalent to steam blasting tank volume 1/4-1/3, burst pressure 3.0-3.5Mpa, the dwell time maintains 150-200s；
    3. distillation is handled：2. material that step is obtained is put into distiller, in distiller bottom, heats burning or is passed through steam, When hot steam is filled in distiller, vapor is introduced into condenser by condenser pipe, then by oil water separator, Collect essential oil；
    4. high-shear homogenizing machine is handled：3. essential oil that step is obtained is handled by high-shear homogenizing machine, linear velocity 30-40m/s, Time 3-5min, nano-emulsion is made, and is obtained with filtering with microporous membrane is degerming.
  2. A kind of 2. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Plantation described in step 1) Place, it is 15-21 DEG C of average temperature of the whole year, the climatic environment of the dim moistening of temperature.
  3. A kind of 3. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Trench described in step 2) Formula is sowed, and is the soil that 5cm broadcasts a seed, sowing bonnet 2cm or so, and one mu of 25000-35000 strain is advisable, and 1.2m digs a ridge, Dig 25-30cm ditch depths.
  4. A kind of 4. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Applying described in step 4) Fertilizer, every plant is made base fertilizer with 5kg farm manures and the mixing of 0.5kg calcium and magnesium phosphorus composite fertilizer, the top dressing, thin fertilizer is diligent to apply, it is rotten to apply fermentation Rotten farm manure, the seedling half a year nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time of not bearing fruit, every plant with nitrogenous fertilizer 0.5kg, is applied phosphorus, potash fertilizer, every plant of use in 10 days after bearing fruit Phosphorus, potash fertilizer 0.5kg.
  5. A kind of 5. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Battalion is applied described in step 4) Fat up, every plant with nutrition fertilizer 0.5kg.
  6. A kind of 6. method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Fruit described in step 4) Glue-cellulose complex enzyme, activity be the active units of 1-3 ten thousand/gram solid-state pectin-cellulose complex enzyme.
CN201711206267.6A 2017-11-27 2017-11-27 A kind of method of mountain forest cloth for plantation good fortune Na Pending CN107853055A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102584411A (en) * 2011-01-06 2012-07-18 宁波大学 Agar protococcus biologic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN105284546A (en) * 2015-10-24 2016-02-03 高渐飞 Artificial cultivation method for wild fruit Kadsura coccinea
CN105284532A (en) * 2015-10-24 2016-02-03 高渐飞 Seedling cultivation method for wild fruit kadsurae coccinea (Lem.)A.C.Smith

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102584411A (en) * 2011-01-06 2012-07-18 宁波大学 Agar protococcus biologic fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN105284546A (en) * 2015-10-24 2016-02-03 高渐飞 Artificial cultivation method for wild fruit Kadsura coccinea
CN105284532A (en) * 2015-10-24 2016-02-03 高渐飞 Seedling cultivation method for wild fruit kadsurae coccinea (Lem.)A.C.Smith

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
赵永志: "《肥料面源污染防控理论、策略与实践》", 31 December 2015 *

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