Technique for cultivating white bloom wild Amphicarpaea edgeworthii
Technical field
The present invention relates to the culture technique of crops, especially relate to a kind of high-yield culture technique of spending wild amphitypy beans in vain.
Background technology
Spend wild amphitypy beans in vain, be the rare herbaceous plant of annual pulse family.This plant is the mutation of wild soybean, but have obvious difference with general wild soybean, have bear pods on the ground, underground knot beans, stem amphitypy, flower amphitypy, plant the special proterties of amphitypy, strong at the high disease and insect resistance of Proterozoic, regeneration capacity, very strong adaptability and resistance and vitality are arranged.
The amphitypy beans are annual herb plants, and stem twines overgrows.Root has main root, lateral root and root nodule.Main root is undeveloped, and lateral root growth is vigorous, the close hair of taking root.Stem divides terrestrial stem and subterranean stem, comes in every shape, and terrestrial stem is the twining stem of overgrowing.Jinyuan Garden shape has irregular corner angle slightly, and green or puce have sparse subterranean stem and be born in the cotyledon base portion on the stem, to life, horizontal.When spending wild amphitypy beans in vain and emerging, grow a pair of single leave earlier, later complete stool is the alternate trifoliolate leaf; Acrogen ovum garden shape, netted vein; Petiole, stipule, the blade abdomen back of the body equal give birth to the canescence fine hair.After emerging, cotyledon stays soil, rots relict skin only during results gradually.Flower divides flower and underground flower on the ground, can both blossom and bear fruit.Flower is raceme for papilionaceous flower on the ground, and armpit is given birth to; Flower is made up of flower sheet, calyx, corolla, stamen, gynoecium.Underground flower is the locking flower, and is born on the rhizomatous joint, 1-3 usually.At three colored base portions three of involucres are arranged, the underground flower that has is the locking flower, and is born on the rhizomatous joint, 1-3 usually.At three colored base portions three of involucres are arranged, the flower that has does not stretch out involucre or does not form bud at all because following flower bud differentiation is less, and the outward appearance involucre just seems the base portion at a flower.Spend little, generally long 2.0-2.5mm, wide 1-1.5mm; The top is more roomy, like obovate.
Pod is formed by the ovary development of ovule after fertilization on the ground, flat little curved nearly rectangle, and long 2.5-3.0cm, wide 0.6cm mostly is three pods, has four and two pods concurrently; Green before ripe, the faint yellow or brown in ripe back; Smooth on the pod, the dorsal suture puce, ventral suture and dorsal suture all have brown fine hair, and split along dorsal suture in ripe back.The flat garden of seed shape, long 3.5-5.0mm, thick 1.5-2.0mm plants skin silver gray or pitchy, has the alternate spot of black and white or grey black; Hilum white, cotyledon is faint yellow.
Underground beans are formed by the ovary development of fertilization flower on the subterranean stem, and are born on the carpopodium.Young fruit white, ripe back oblate spheroid shape, sepia, skin film matter is closely draped over one's shoulders brown fine hair; Do the consequence rhicnosis and contract, be crineous, do not ftracture, include a seed, also have to contain two.Seed is similar to oblate spheroid.
To spending the still planless at present research and development of wild amphitypy beans in vain both at home and abroad, indivedual units have carried out simple observation and record under the carded sliver spare out of office, still not to artificial high yield culture technique research experiment.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the high-yield culture technique of spending wild amphitypy beans in vain
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions, spend wild amphitypy beans high-yield culture technique in vain, it comprises: site preparation and fertilization, seed treatment, vernalization, sowing, intercropping, field management technology: seed treatment comprises the processing of ground seed and underground seed, and seed treatment is taked hand rubbing heating having one's hair waved kind on the ground, and method is with two hand rubbings ground seed, be placed in the clean container, add hot water, stir fast, add equivalent cold water then, continue to stir, 8-10h soaks seed behind normal temperature; The processing of underground seed, underground seed generally after results without drying, directly with earthen basin or other containers, take layer of fine sand or fine earth one deck seed, the soil of last loam cake 10-15cm keeps moistening, is placed on outdoor getting final product; Treated ground seed is placed under 25-30 ℃, moistening environment and carries out vernalization, and stir once every day sooner or later, or use fresh water instead, continues vernalization, generally passes through 3-4d, and the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of the seed 70% or more begins to sow.Underground seed is placed in earthen basin or other containers, arrives year mid-February to late Febuary, and sieve removes native sand, all germinates basically, covers with wet cloth, waits for sowing; Suitable date of seeding is early March-late March; Type of seeding can be taked the plantation of size row, wide row space 70-80cm, little line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 25-30cm, every 666.7m
2Plantation 4000-5000 strain.Trench digging waters during sowing, suitably enriches composite fertilizer and makes seed manure, and sowing then accomplishes that as far as possible seed manure separates, and broadcasts back earthing 3-5cm, keeps the soil face of land moistening.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, intercropping: the sylvan life intercropping, owing to spend the dark and damp environment of wild amphitypy beans happiness in vain, therefore, suit in economic underwood planting, select to have under the trees such as chestnut, pomegranate, cherry, apple, persimmon and willow of the 3-5 age of tree, in the north of tree plantation; Carry out intercropping with long-stalked crop, general and corn carries out intercropping, and a kind of mode is the wild beans of two row corn intercrops, two row, corn wide row space 120cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm, the wild beans of intercropping two row in the spacing in the rows 30-35cm, the big row of corn; Another kind of mode is the wild beans of corn intercrop delegation of delegation, corn line-spacing 60-70cm, and spacing in the rows 20-30cm plants wild beans in the north side of corn, and corn stalk can be made support.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, support, shelter from heat or light, wild amphitypy beans are vining plants, stretch after therefore emerging and will in time carry out support before climing, with the windproof seedling of consolidating; After spending wild amphitypy beans in vain and emerging, the processing of in time sheltering from heat or light.
On the basis of aforementioned schemes, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, field production at growing period, takes place if any brown spot, anthracnose, can spray thiophanate methyl or Da Kening; If any the generation of trialeurodes vaporariorum, can spray Avermectin.
Advantage of the present invention is a percentage of seedgermination height, few with planting, and field management is simple, and the output height is fit to the large tracts of land artificial cultivation.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is elaborated
1, site preparation and fertilization
Will deep plough before the sowing wholely, generally tilling depth 20cm accomplishes that ground is smooth, and waterlogging can be arranged, drought can be watered, and rake is even harrows carefully, no light and shade clod, and the topsoil permeability is good, creates good environment for spending growing of wild amphitypy beans in vain.In conjunction with the whole ground of deep ploughing, use sufficient base fertilizer, general every 666.7m
2Execute the high-quality farmyard manure 3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, diammonium phosphate 20-30kg, loam is fully mixed thoroughly, prepares sowing.
2, seed treatment
The processing of seed on the ground.The ground seed of spending wild amphitypy beans in vain has tangible strong phenomenon.Few as the amount of plantation, more easy method is to carve with a knife to break in the seed coat, and makes its imbibition as early as possible, germinates fast.The large tracts of land sowing can be taked hand rubbing heating having one's hair waved kind, and method is with two hands seed stranding on the ground 3-5min, is placed in the clean container, add 3-5 90-100 ℃ of hot water doubly, stir 20s fast, add equivalent cold water then, continue to stir, the 9h that soaks seed behind normal temperature carries out vernalization.
The processing of underground seed.Underground seed generally after results without drying, directly with earthen basin or other containers, take layer of fine sand or fine earth one deck seed, the soil of last loam cake 10-15cm keeps moistening, is placed on outdoor getting final product.
3, vernalization
Treated ground seed is placed under 25-30 ℃, moistening environment and carries out vernalization, and stir once every day sooner or later, or use fresh water instead, continues vernalization, generally passes through 3-4d, and the germination that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally of the seed 70% or more begins to sow.Underground seed is placed in earthen basin or other containers, arrives year mid-February to late Febuary, and sieve removes native sand, all germinates basically, covers with wet cloth, waits for sowing.Also can directly sow, but it is late, irregular to emerge with dry seeds.
4, sowing
Date of seeding: suitable date of seeding is early March-mid-March.As without the seed of handling, can suitably advance to late Febuary, to prolong the imbibition phase of seed, improve emergence rate and resistance.
Type of seeding: can take the plantation of size row, wide row space 70-80cm, little line-spacing 40-50cm, spacing in the rows 25-30cm, every 666.7m
2Plantation 4000-5000 strain.Trench digging waters during sowing, suitably enriches 5-10kg composite fertilizer and makes seed manure, and sowing then accomplishes that as far as possible seed manure separates, and broadcasts back earthing 3-5cm, keeps the soil face of land moistening.
5, intercropping
Sylvan life intercropping: owing to spend the dark and damp environment of wild amphitypy beans happiness in vain, therefore, suit in economic underwood planting, selection has tree such as chestnut, pomegranate, cherry, apple, persimmon and the willow of the 3-5 age of tree down, in the north of tree plantation, make full use of it and shelter from heat or light, keep out the wind, create control environment for spending wild amphitypy beans growth in vain.
Carry out intercropping with long-stalked crop: general and corn carries out intercropping, and a kind of mode is the wild beans of two row corn intercrops, two row, corn wide row space 120cm, little line-spacing 30-40cm, the wild beans of intercropping two row in the spacing in the rows 30-35cm, the big row of corn; Another kind of mode is the wild beans of corn intercrop delegation of delegation, corn line-spacing 60-70cm, and spacing in the rows 20-30cm plants wild beans in the north side of corn, and corn stalk can be made support.
6, enhance field management
Therefore support: spending wild amphitypy beans in vain is vining plants, stretches after emerging and will in time carry out support before climing, selects the thin bamboo of long 150-180cm, and every strain is inserted one, takes " people " font to kidnap, windproof seedling admittedly.
Shelter from heat or light, windproof: after spending wild amphitypy beans in vain and emerging, the processing of in time sheltering from heat or light adopts the black sunshade net of shading 70-80% to cover, the upper end spacing 30-40cm of sunshade net and support, in case the pulling support, influence is grown.Take the intercropping plantation, the processing of can not sheltering from heat or light.Spend the wild amphitypy beans growth middle and later periods in vain and be afraid of strong wind, land for growing field crops single cropping will prevent in advance.Before strong wind arrives, back off from frame seedling is climing, twine on the support seedling is climing more later.As the later stage of growing also can be placed directly in ground, the growth of giving free rein to.
Apply fertilizer, water: spend wild amphitypy beans happiness ground moistening in vain, therefore will in time water, general every 10-15d waters once, often keeps soil moisture regime.It is moistening but be afraid of waterlogging to spend the happiness of wild amphitypy beans in vain, continuous rainfall season will in time get rid of field ponding, prevents damage caused by waterlogging.Grow mid-term, the blade flavescence occurs, it is weak to grow, and in time in conjunction with watering every 666.7m
2Impose composite fertilizer 10-15kg, improve output.
Prevention and elimination of disease and pests: it is strong in the high disease and insect resistance of Proterozoic, regeneration capacity to spend wild amphitypy beans in vain, and very strong adaptability and resistance and vitality are arranged, and does not generally have damage by disease and insect and takes place.Field production at growing period, can be sprayed 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl or reach gram peaceful 600 times of liquid 1-2 times, the generation of prevention brown spot, anthracnose; Spray 1500 times of liquid of Avermectin, the generation of prevention trialeurodes vaporariorum and other insect pests.
7, results
Late September, in time gather in the crops before the fried pod of ground beanpod flavescence to early October.Once do not harvest during results, gather in batches, be placed on the flash container after gathering and dry and get final product.Underground beans can be suitably evening receive, in 10 months, dig out underground seed and dry and get final product the last ten-days period.