CN105794552A - Control method of corn top rot - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, particularly a control method of corn top rot. The invention provides a method capable of effectively controlling corn top rot. According to the characteristics of disease generation, agricultural control, chemical control and physical control methods are comprehensively utilized to control diseases, thereby reducing the pesticide consumption, enhancing the corn quality, increasing the yield and protecting the environment.

Description

A kind of prevention and controls of corn top-rotten disease

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of plant protection, specifically the prevention and controls of a kind of corn top-rotten disease.

Background technology

Corn top-rotten disease can be subdivided into Fusarium spp. top rot, two kinds of situations of bacillary top rot: Fusarium spp. top rot, all shows symptom at Maize at Seedling Stage to Adult plant, and lobus cardiacus rots withered from leaf base, tightly the internal lobus cardiacus of parcel so that it is can not launch and be whiplike distortion；Or lobus cardiacus base portion longitudinal cracking, leaf malformation, shrinkage or distortion.Plant is often downgraded, and cuts the visible longitudinal cracking of basal part of stem open, has brown pathological changes；The how shaky or female fringe slight of stature of severe disease strain, even withered death；Bacillary top rot all can occur before hero taken out by Semen Maydis.Classical symptom is lobus cardiacus is that celadon dehydration is wilted withered, forms withered heart Seedling or tufted seedling；Leaf base water soaking mode rots, and scab is irregular, brown or yellowish-brown, and, with or without off-odor, there is mucus in portion of rotting；Can extracting whole lobus cardiacus with hands time serious, the distortion of hypopathia strain lobus cardiacus can not launch, the hot and humid plant disease epidemic that is conducive to, and the wound that insect or other reason cause is beneficial to pathogenic bacteria and invades.

The pests occurrence rule of pathogenic bacteria is: source of disease bacterium at soil, invalid body and surviving the winter in infected seed, become the primary infectious pathogen of next season Semen Maydis morbidity；Seed-borne fungi also can long-distance communications, make diseased region constantly expand；Top rot has the feature of some systemic infection, and the source of disease bacterium conidium that diseased plant produces can also be propagated with wind and rain, then infects.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide the prevention and controls of a kind of corn top-rotten disease, effectively prevent the harm of corn top-rotten disease, improve crop yield.

For solving the problems referred to above, it is proposed to concrete scheme:

(1) when maize planting, size after land smoothing being started, little row 30～35 centimetres is wide, big line width 70～80 centimetres；Misplace during plantation program request, spacing in the rows 30～35 centimetres, make to ventilate between plant；The size row land smoothing opened, be easy to pour water and draining, it is ensured that not hydrops in the ranks；It it is the corn seed selecting hybridization system at corn planting, the corn seed generation disease of selfing line is more serious, when selected Semen Maydis does not have seed coat agent coating, with 10% dithiocyano-methane dress seed, it is necessary to dithiocyano-methane amount by seed dressing seed quality 0.2%；

(2) after emerging, the final singling when maize seedling length to 20cm-30cm；Long to seedling stage (3～4 leaf) phase time there is disease, diseased plant poor growth, basal part of stem is graying, browning, blackening；Completely but how (6～7 leaf) in plant strain growth, later stage base of leaf portion only deposit master pulse after rotting, middle and upper part deformity, and in Pu fan-shaped, at this moment disease occurs relatively light, extract sick leaf in time, and concentrate and burn, and can prevent and treat pathogen transmission；

(3) the typhon mouth phase is entered at Semen Maydis, female fringe enters the floret differentiation phase, tassel enters the tetrad phase, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20 kilograms can be executed for every mu, 25 kilograms of carbamide, potassium sulfate 15 kilograms, the ratio of N P and K is 1:0.7:0.5, after being uniformly mixed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, plant resistance can be strengthened, alleviate pathogenic bacteria and invade；

(4) feature of disease is observed heading stage at Semen Maydis, it is determined that because playing the pathogen of disease, it is determined that pesticide control；For by the microbial disease leaf malformation of reaping hook, shrinkage or distortion, 800 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder with 80%, 500 times of liquid of the carbendazol wettable powder of 50%, 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 300 times of liquid of the metalaxyl-mn-zn of 58%, use is to select one or more to be combined by weight 1:1；Can not be launched by the distortion of bacterial disease hypopathia strain lobus cardiacus, and having mucus is the main feature of bacteriosis, with the agricultural streptomycin aqueous solution of 70%, add zinc sulfate fertilizer when occurring serious or the chrysanthemum ester insecticide such as decis, cypermethrin kills insect simultaneously；Using under the filling of time delay stem, every diseased plant uses 50ml-100ml medicinal liquid；Spray 2 times continuously.

The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the feature occurred according to disease, it is determined that prevention and controls, from cultural control; chemical prevention, the multiple prevention and controls of physical control comprehensively uses controlling disease, and what decrease pesticide makes consumption; improve corn quality, increase yield, protect environment.

Detailed description of the invention

1, site preparation and fertilization

Smooth soil, in conjunction with whole ground applying fertilizer, mu applied nitrogen 20-25 kilogram, phosphorus pentoxide 4-6 kilogram, potassium oxide 4-5 kilogram, mix homogeneously is used, and Term Fertilization, from 5-10cm place, earth's surface, is not easily crossed shallow or excessively deep；Then row is started by size, and little row 30～35 centimetres is wide, big line width 70～80 centimetres；

2, plantation

Selecting hybridization before plantation is corn seed, and the dithiocyano-methane seed dressing of 10% with the 0.2% of dressed seed seed quality；By spacing in the rows 30～35 centimetres, misplace program request maize planting；

3, field management

(1) after emerging, the final singling when maize seedling length to 20cm-30cm；Look into Seedling fill the gaps with seedlings, thinning final singling；3～5 are launched leaf final singling as well, to pull out seedling, weak Seedling, sick Seedling, stay Seedling to want uniformity, be short of seedling and stay double; two strain during final singling；Long to seedling stage (3～4 leaf) phase time there is disease, diseased plant poor growth, basal part of stem is graying, browning, blackening；Completely but how (6～7 leaf) in plant strain growth, later stage base of leaf portion only deposit master pulse after rotting, middle and upper part deformity, and in Pu fan-shaped, at this moment disease occurs relatively light, extract sick leaf in time, and concentrate and burn, and can prevent and treat pathogen transmission；

(2) according to Semen Maydis law of needing the water, science is grasped and is watered for three times: one is water of emerging, and after machine sowing Semen Maydis, should water water of emerging immediately, early goes out with short Seedling and early sends out；Two is carrying out in Semen Maydis typhon mouth phase mid or late July；Three is attack a water to take out male blooming stage in mid-August and carry out；

(3) the typhon mouth phase is entered at Semen Maydis, female fringe enters the floret differentiation phase, tassel enters the tetrad phase, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20 kilograms can be executed for every mu, 25 kilograms of carbamide, potassium sulfate 15 kilograms, the ratio of N P and K is 1:0.7:0.5, after being uniformly mixed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, plant resistance can be strengthened, alleviate pathogenic bacteria and invade；

(4) feature of disease is observed heading stage at Semen Maydis, it is determined that because playing the pathogen of disease, it is determined that pesticide control；For by the microbial disease leaf malformation of reaping hook, shrinkage or distortion, 800 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder with 80%, 500 times of liquid of the carbendazol wettable powder of 50%, 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 300 times of liquid of the metalaxyl-mn-zn of 58%, use is to select one or more to be combined by weight 1:1；Can not be launched by the distortion of bacterial disease hypopathia strain lobus cardiacus, and having mucus is the main feature of bacteriosis, with the agricultural streptomycin aqueous solution of 70%, add zinc sulfate fertilizer when occurring serious or the chrysanthemum ester insecticide such as decis, cypermethrin kills insect simultaneously；Using under the filling of time delay stem, every diseased plant uses 50ml-100ml medicinal liquid；Spray 2 times continuously.

Claims (1)

1. the prevention and controls of a corn top-rotten disease, it is characterised in that namely include following is scheme:

(1) when maize planting, size after land smoothing being started, little row 30～35 centimetres is wide, big line width 70～80 centimetres；Misplace during plantation program request, spacing in the rows 30～35 centimetres, make to ventilate between plant；The size row land smoothing opened, be easy to pour water and draining, it is ensured that not hydrops in the ranks；It it is the corn seed selecting hybridization system at corn planting, the corn seed generation disease of selfing line is more serious, when selected Semen Maydis does not have seed coat agent coating, with 10% dithiocyano-methane dress seed, it is necessary to dithiocyano-methane amount by seed dressing seed quality 0.2%；

(2) after emerging, the final singling when maize seedling length to 20cm-30cm；Long to seedling stage (3～4 leaf) phase time there is disease, diseased plant poor growth, basal part of stem is graying, browning, blackening；Completely but how (6～7 leaf) in plant strain growth, later stage base of leaf portion only deposit master pulse after rotting, middle and upper part deformity, and in Pu fan-shaped, at this moment disease occurs relatively light, extract sick leaf in time, and concentrate and burn, and can prevent and treat pathogen transmission；

(3) the typhon mouth phase is entered at Semen Maydis, female fringe enters the floret differentiation phase, tassel enters the tetrad phase, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 20 kilograms can be executed for every mu, 25 kilograms of carbamide, potassium sulfate 15 kilograms, the ratio of N P and K is 1:0.7:0.5, after being uniformly mixed, uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields, plant resistance can be strengthened, alleviate pathogenic bacteria and invade；

(4) feature of disease is observed heading stage at Semen Maydis, it is determined that because playing the pathogen of disease, it is determined that pesticide control；For by the microbial disease leaf malformation of reaping hook, shrinkage or distortion, 800 times of liquid of mancozeb wettable powder with 80%, 500 times of liquid of the carbendazol wettable powder of 50%, 800 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl, 300 times of liquid of the metalaxyl-mn-zn of 58%, use is to select one or more to be combined by weight 1:1；Can not be launched by the distortion of bacterial disease hypopathia strain lobus cardiacus, and having mucus is the main feature of bacteriosis, with the agricultural streptomycin aqueous solution of 70%, add zinc sulfate fertilizer when occurring serious or the chrysanthemum ester insecticide such as decis, cypermethrin kills insect simultaneously；Using under the filling of time delay stem, every diseased plant uses 50ml-100ml medicinal liquid；Spray 2 times continuously.