CN105123242A

CN105123242A - Ecological wintering method for planting passion fruit in temperate area

Info

Publication number: CN105123242A
Application number: CN201510600540.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 蒋立科; 蒋钤; 李晓白; 张骁
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2015-09-18
Filing date: 2015-09-18
Publication date: 2015-12-09
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-18
Also published as: CN105123242B

Abstract

An ecological wintering method for planting passion fruit in a temperate area includes the steps of firstly, applying trichoderma solid fermentation broth in each pit before transplanting, and meanwhile spraying a trichoderma fermentation solution and/or an amino acid solution; secondly, spraying a trichoderma fermentation solution and/or an amino acid solution on leaf surfaces every ten days or half month after transplanting; thirdly, planting Purus frumentum between every two lines after transplanting passion fruit seedlings; fourthly, trimming adult plants to be 1.0 m to 1.5 m high before the end of October, wrapping straw ropes on the adult plants after winding the straw ropes, covering each wrapped plant with a plastic thin film, and meanwhile pouring a trichoderma fermentation solution and/or an amino acid solution over roots every week. By means of the method, the passion fruit wintering survival rate reaches up to 95% or higher.

Description

A kind of ecological wintering method at Temperate Region in China plantation passion fruit

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of safe overwintering method when the cultivation torrid zone, Temperate Region in China, subtropical crop, specifically a kind of wintering method at Temperate Region in China plantation passion fruit.

Two, background technology

Passion fruit (PassifloraeduliaSims) is the torrid zone, subtropics liane, adaptability, strong stress resistance, and growth is fast, and damage by disease and insect is few, various in style.Principal item at present for the production of such fruit has the kinds such as purple fruit, yellow fruit and hybrid.Its fruit has the strong fragrance of various fruits and very high nutritive value, containing abundant natural complex, containing Vc34.6 milligram in every 100 grams of fruit juice, is also rich in vitamin A, B1, B2 etc.Measure according to state food test center and show, its Vc content is higher than orange 8 times, vitamin E is higher than apple 10 times, and there is good medicines and health protection function, pericarp is capable of using as feed and extract pectin, root, stem, Ye Junke is used as medicine, or make millet paste beverage, there is anti-inflammatory analgetic, invigorate blood circulation and keep fit, enriching yin and nourishing kidney, blood fat-reducing blood pressure-decreasing, refresh oneself and sober up, to prevent fatigue, toxin-expelling and face nourishing, improve the look health-care effects such as immunity, pulp is eaten raw, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, refreshing and brain nourishing, the effect such as aid digestion, the elderly eats can moistening intestine and stomach, fine preventive and therapeutic effect is had to hypertension and high fat of blood.

This fruit trees likes high temperature, how wet, illumination is sufficient, the environment of fertile soil.Not only be suitable for temperature 20-30 DEG C, the minimum air temperature is not less than O DEG C, annual rainfall is no less than l200mm, sunshine in year is 2300-2800h/a sunny regional culture, and requires that soil layer is deep, loosens, is rich in that organic matter, draining are good, the soil of subacidity (pH5.5-6.5).If benign climate, liquid manure is used rationally, and it is tight to the selection of soil, but to be rich in organic matter, loose, slightly acidic soil-grown the best.Soil drought or excessively ponding are all unfavorable to plant strain growth, are advisable to keep ground moistening.Can reach per mu yield 1.5 ~ 2 tons every year, if free of frost, and management suitably, and the highest per mu yield can reach 4 ~ 4.5 tons, is that peasant increases production short rich good helper.

The propagation method of passion fruit mainly contains two kinds, and one is with the direct seed propagation of seed, and another kind is then with climing bar cottage propagation.Plant then and receive fruit then, connect and receive for many years (6-7), the really phase of receiving generally gathers to continuously from late June and reaches 8 months, stable high yield January in the coming year, and passion fruit single fruit weight 80 ~ 120 grams, fruit tree individual plant average yield can reach 30 jin then.Passion fruit enters the more robust years of one's life annual every per mu yield and reaches 1 ~ 1.5 ton.

North of Yangtze River is in Temperate Region in China, winter temperature is on the low side, temperature in winter is at-1-5 DEG C, the minimum air temperature can reach-20 DEG C, cannot survive the winter in field, only grow in insulated building, although can nursery, but totally unfavorable to establishing in large scale, the implantation methods of 1 year seedling one fruit constrains the plantation industry development of passion fruit.

Inventor once on April 25th, 2005 entering the coffin-die mold fermentation liquid as biological bactericide application patent of invention (ZL200510039128.X).Trichoderma is seeded in containing wheat bran or/and rice chaff juice is or/and dehydrated potato powder (carbon source) and chitin, FeSO ₄, KH ₂pO ₄, K ₂hPO ₄and MgSO ₄liquid nutrient medium in zymotic fluid through pH5.8 ~ 6.2 that fermented and cultured, Separation of Solid and Liquid obtain.Less than 10 DEG C storages.

Trichoderma tunning alleged in the present invention, except the zymotic fluid that Separation of Solid and Liquid obtains, also comprises fermentation filter residue (calling solid fermentation product in the following text).

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to North of Yangtze River area popularizing planting passion fruit, and key technical problem to be solved is that passion fruit ecological safety is survived the winter.

Passion fruit transplants land for growing field crops in annual the first ten-day period of the March usually, annual May the last ten-days period ~ last ten-days period in June just can bloom and bear fruit.Nursery (cuttage or sowing) can be carried out in greenhouse.So described safe overwintering refers to the strain tendril safe overwintering after bearing fruit.

This wintering method comprises nursery, transplanting and overwinter management, and difference with the prior art is that described overwinter management has following content:

1. before transplanting in large field ditch cave except imposing conventional farm organic fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium inorganic fertilizer as except base manure, in every cave, be also affixed by the mould solid fermentation product heat-preserving anti-freezing of 20 ~ 30g wood, spray the mould zymotic fluid of wood and/or the antifreeze Freamine Ⅲ of 2 ~ 4mg/L of dilution 50 times simultaneously.

2., after transplanting except the management of routine, once dilute the mould zymotic fluid of wood and/or 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ of 50 times every ten days or first quarter moon foliage spray.

3. plant a line zea mexicana grass (Fig. 1) between every two row after passion fruit transplantation of seedlings, upper leaves of gathering after two months does herbage, then one and a half months of being separated by is gathered and once made feed, and the cauline leaf grown to late September is kept a full stand of seedings cold-proof.Turning over March next year buries middle as green manure, plants new round teosinte again.

4. by the end of October, passion fruit tendril strain is trimmed to 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters high by (namely before the Frost's Descent), wrap up with straw rope after coiling, parcel plant covers layer of plastic film, ventilation printing opacity blocks sleet again, waters the mould zymotic fluid of wood or 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ of executing dilution 50 times weekly at root simultaneously.

Described amino acid is selected from proline or hydroxyproline or cysteine or cystine or lysine or hydroxylysine.Preferred proline or hydroxyproline.

Containing 0.1% (mass percent) Boratex in the distilled water that preparation Freamine Ⅲ is used, lower abbreviation 0.1% Boratex distilled water.Boron element can promote to yield positive results more, and fruit turgor.

To be about to transplant cuttage seeding or its root of seedling can also soak 5 ~ 6 hours in the mould zymotic fluid of wood of dilution 50 times, then transplant in cave, test shows, immersion can improve 1 ~ 2% than unsoaked overwintering survival rate.

This method shows through field plot trial, passion fruit overwintering survival rate reaches 96%, if can 98% be reached through the process of leaching root, afterwards again at cities and counties' establishing in large scale more than 20 mus such as suburbs, Bangbu, Anhui Province, Jinzhai County, test shows, this method can make passion fruit strain overwintering survival rate reach more than 95%, if the process of leaching root can improve 1%.

By the enforcement of this technology, make the high moist fruit passion fruit of torrid zone happiness temperature can improve Overwintering Survival Percentage at Temperate Region in China safe overwintering, ensure next year prematurity, increase result batch, reach and increase the yield per unit area, namely 1 ~ 1.5 ton/mu.

Four, accompanying drawing explanation

It is zea mexicana grass shown in Fig. 1.

Five, specific embodiments

1, wooden mould fermentation product preparation (see ZL200510039158X)

Get wheat bran or rice husk meal 25 ~ 30g, add 200 ~ 250ml, boil 0.5 ~ 1 hour, filter, liquid cooling to be filtered but adds 0.2gFeSO afterwards ₄, 1gKH ₂pO ₄, 1.5gK ₂hPO ₄, 2gMgSO ₄with 20g chitin, be settled to 1000mL with distilled water diluting, finally adjust pH to 6.0 ~ 6.2. to inoculate after culture fluid autoclaving with sodium citrate solution, add without miscellaneous bacteria reesei spores suspension 1mL, containing spore 1 × 10 ⁶individual/mL.In 26 ~ 28 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations about 1 week, survey terminal pH, the isolated by filtration when pH≤5.3, and adjust pH≤4 with oxalic acid, sedimentation filtration is separated, and adjusts pH5.8 ~ 6.2, i.e. wooden mould zymotic fluid with sodium tripolyphosphate solution.Less than 10 DEG C low temperature storages.

Filter residue and wooden mould solid fermentation product.

2, Freamine Ⅲ preparation

1. proline pro/ hydroxyproline Hpro solution preparation

Accurately take 3mg proline or hydroxyproline, pour in small beaker, dissolve with a small amount of 0.1% Boratex distilled water, then to pour in 1000mL volumetric flask, add and dissolve in 0.1% Boratex distilled water to be settled to scale (be 3 μ gmL ^-1).

2. the preparation of cysteine cys/ cystine cys.s solution

Accurately take 3mg cysteine cys cystine cys.s, pour in small beaker, dissolve, then to pour in 1000mL volumetric flask with a small amount of 0.1% Boratex distilled water, adding 0.1% Boratex distilled water, to be settled to scale (be 3 μ gmL ^-1).

3. the preparation of lysine Lys/ hydroxylysine Lys-OH solution

Accurately take 3mg lysine Lys or hydroxylysine Lys-OH, pour in small beaker, dissolve, then to pour in 1000mL volumetric flask with a small amount of 0.1% Boratex distilled water, adding 0.1% Boratex distilled water, to be settled to scale (be 3 μ gmL ^-1).

3, overwinter management

(1) before transplanting in every cave except imposing conventional farm organic fertilizer and phosphorus, potassium inorganic fertilizer as except base manure, also be affixed by the mould solid fermentation product of 20 ~ 30g wood, and spray the mould zymotic fluid 30 ~ 50mL of wood that the proline of above-mentioned preparation or hydroxyl dried meat ammonia solution 30 ~ 50mL spray dilution 50 times simultaneously.Then transplanting, earth backing, water.

(2) seedling survives foliage spray in latter every ten days and once dilutes the mould zymotic fluid of wood of 50 times and/or the proline of above-mentioned preparation or hydroxyl dried meat ammonia solution.

(3), after passion fruit is transplanted, between two row, zea mexicana grass is planted.

(4) before by the end of October, strain is trimmed to 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters high, with straw rope parcel after coiling, parcel plant covers layer of plastic film rain and snow.Water at root weekly simultaneously and execute the mould zymotic fluid of wood of dilution 50 times or the proline of above-mentioned preparation or hydroxyl dried meat ammonia solution.

1st step is transplanted and must be done then.To the strain of having survived the winter, annual March sheds straw rope and plastic film, and (2), (3), (4) step still need to carry out.

Claims

1., at an ecological wintering method for Temperate Region in China plantation passion fruit, comprise nursery, transplanting and overwinter management, it is characterized in that: described overwinter management has following content:

(1) in every cave, be affixed by the mould solid fermentation product of 20 ~ 30g wood before transplanting, the sprinkling mould zymotic fluid of wood of dilution 50 times and/or 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ simultaneously, then transplanting, earth backing, water;

(2) the mould zymotic fluid of wood and/or 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ of 50 times is diluted after transplanting every ten days or first quarter moon foliage spray;

(3) between two row, zea mexicana grass is planted after passion fruit transplantation of seedlings;

(4) before by the end of October, strain is trimmed to 1.0 ~ 1.5 meters high, with straw rope parcel after coiling, parcel plant covers layer of plastic film, waters at root the mould zymotic fluid of wood or 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ of executing dilution 50 times weekly simultaneously.

2. wintering method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mould zymotic fluid of wood and the 2 ~ 4mg/L Freamine Ⅲ that spray dilution 50 times before transplanting in every cave.

3. wintering method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described amino acid is selected from proline or hydroxyproline or cysteine or cystine or lysine or hydroxylysine; Containing 0.1% Boratex in the distilled water of preparation Freamine Ⅲ.

4. wintering method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described amino acid is proline or hydroxyproline.

5. wintering method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: soak 5 ~ 6 hours in the mould zymotic fluid of wood of dilution 50 times the cuttage seeding being about to transplant or its root of seedling.