CN1176571C - Cultivation of new variety of santengzhumiguo fruit and its natural colouring matter extraction method - Google Patents
Cultivation of new variety of santengzhumiguo fruit and its natural colouring matter extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1176571C CN1176571C CNB011284471A CN01128447A CN1176571C CN 1176571 C CN1176571 C CN 1176571C CN B011284471 A CNB011284471 A CN B011284471A CN 01128447 A CN01128447 A CN 01128447A CN 1176571 C CN1176571 C CN 1176571C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for cultivating new species of plants and a method for extracting coloring matter from the fruits of the plants. Triangular prism honey fruits originated from the South America are used as scions, and strong-vitality Fanguilian belonging to the wild genera grows in the south China and is used as stocks. After the scions are grafted on the stocks, new species of the triangular prism honey fruits are cultivated, such as red dragon fruits, yellow dragon fruits and fire dragon fruits. The new species of the triangular prism honey fruits keep the qualities of drought resistance and heat resistance and have new qualities of coldness resistance, impoverishment resistance and waterlogging resistance. The new species of the triangular prism honey fruits have the advantages of high growth speed, abundant nutrition, abundant juice of pulp and high content of oligosaccharide, and furthermore, the new species of the triangular prism honey fruits inhibit high cholesterol and fat absorption, decelerate ingestion for dextrose of the blood of a human body and have the function of reducing blood sugar and blood fat. The method for extracting coloring matter from the fruits of the plants has the steps that red or yellow triangular prism honey fruits are cleaned, scales and fruit stalks are removed, the red or yellow triangular prism honey fruits are placed in a shredding machine to be shredded and pulverized, and red or yellow coloring matter is extracted by using a water extraction method or an alcohol extraction method, or the red or yellow coloring matter is extracted by using the water extraction method and the alcohol extraction method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of the new varieties that cultivate plants and extract the method for pigment from the fruit of this plant, concrete plant variety is that pulp colour is red, yellow, white triangular prism mamoncillo---series of productss such as red dragon fruit, Huanglong fruit, dragon fruit.
Background technology
Triangular prism mamoncillo (Hylocereus undatus Britt Rose) claims the sesame fruit again, celestial mamoncillo, it is a kind of fruit of Cactaceae triangular prism platymiscium, belonging to Cactaceae column Indian fig subfamily triangular prism on botany classification belongs to, it is the perennial succulents of half climber, originate in the Mexico in area, Central America, the historical existing centuries of artificial cultivation.The pericarp of triangular prism mamoncillo takes on a red color, and pericarp length has red microscler scale, and pulp is evenly distributed with the seed of sesame shape, the color adularescent of pulp, yellow, redness, and fruit and stem be edible all.Because the triangular prism mamoncillo is nutritious, cultivation easily, the pulp succulence, fresh and sweet, also has medical value, begin to introduce China's south plantation in recent years, but because improved seeds are less, have only the triangular prism mamoncillo of white flesh to sell on market at present, price is also higher, red, the triangular prism mamoncillo output of yellow pulp is higher, the taste also triangular prism mamoncillo than white flesh is good, but the planting requirement condition is higher, introduces a fine variety back incompatibility local climate and soil condition, kind easily morphs, and public publication finds no the report that the triangular prism mamoncillo is carried out breed improvement at present.
Because the triangular prism mamoncillo originates in tropical desert area, it is more drought-enduring plant, happiness is wet to be afraid of to waterlog, the happiness temperature is afraid of cold, happiness light is afraid of cloudy, adapt to hot dry climate, suitable growth temperature is 15--40 ℃, thereby can only cultivate in the torrid areas, China belongs to the temperate zone, the subtropical zone, has only southern Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan, Fujian, Hainan, areas such as Yunnan can be planted, but the time of yielding positive results shorten relatively, have only 3-4 month general every year, be subject to winter freezing dead when temperature drops to below 5 ℃, and be subjected to soil, and climatic influences, its growth rate is also slow than the original producton location, sugar content is not high yet, all between 8-12%, though medicinal nutritive value is suitable, the kind mouthfeel that has is also not so good for the triangular prism mamoncillo sugar content of most of white flesh.
Summary of the invention
Be located in the torrid zone in order to make the triangular prism mamoncillo that originates in area, Central America can adapt to China, each province, the south China plantation of subtropical zone, and overcome yielding poorly of original fruit, poor quality, sugar content is low, phase of bearing fruit of blooming is short, and the little situation that adapts to soil, the hillside growth of red and yellow clay, the inventor is through in a few years research and test, employing be grown in the vitality of Chinese South China extremely strong belong to the wild species platymiscium together, after grafting, cultivate a kind of triangular prism mamoncillo new varieties---red dragon fruit, the Huanglong fruit, dragon fruit, and successfully make its plantation begin to enter the implementation phase, be about to come into poor mountain area and tor area, become new projects of peasant programme, simultaneously, the test of really extracting natural colouring matter by Huanglong with the red dragon fruit of the red pulp of bright-colored and yellow pulp, obtained corresponding thick product, for a kind of better outlet has been found in the comprehensive exploitation of triangular prism mamoncillo.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
One, the breeding method of triangular prism mamoncillo of the present invention
Above-mentioned mentioning, the triangular prism mamoncillo is because the original producton location is arid high humidity desert area, to the weather of China's southern area, soil also is not to adapt to fully, shows that root system is flourishing inadequately, growth is long breeding time, plant and afterwards just can yield positive results more than 1 year, and the florescence is short, drought-enduring, heat-resisting relatively poor, plant strain growth was in bad order when winter was cold, even downright bad phenomenon is arranged.
And originate in China's southern area; Guangxi particularly; Guangdong; the another kind of Cactaceae triangular platymiscium of provinces and regions such as Yunnan---kind terrible lotus (seeking hegemony king blossom or common nightblooming cereus again); be a kind of both heat-resisting; cold-resistant; waterlogging; anti-fertilizer; be not afraid of poor ridge again; can adapt to loess; laterite; the plant of sand and the higher region of salt content; it can be grown in the tor crack of stone, can be grown in the edge of a field rand again, in addition parasitize on the big tree and cob wall on; its well developed root system; branch is luxuriant, fast growth, but this plant species is only bloomed; result not; local people with its bud or spray as vegetables, delicious flavour, and have step-down; the effect of clearing lung-heat reducing blood lipid.The inventor expects, two plant species are combined, and expects that the new plant obtain has more wildness, it can be had complementary advantages, and cultivates that a kind of growth adaptation power is strong, output is high, triangular prism mamoncillo new varieties delicious, quality better are come.
The inventor's way is:
1, scion chooses
Introduce triangular prism mamoncillo kind, must be in the land for growing field crops or greenhouse gardening, preferably cultivate the triangular prism mamoncillo of various redness, yellow, white then, at first by land for growing field crops observation and trial test, triangular prism mamoncillo branch is selected good healthy and strong twig as scion, when growing seedlings on a large scale if desired from growing preferably, can be at half smooth sandy soil, transplant on the soil of half clay, use present advanced person's the technology of taking root its branch to be taken root and sprout 3-7 centimetre tender shoots, obtain scion.
2, the cultivation of stock
Choose the locality wild, that branch is sturdy kind terrible lotus stem bar,, on smooth soil, transplant by the method for above-mentioned extensive cultivation triangular prism mamoncillo scion, treat that a kind terrible lotus takes root and normal growth after to obtain stock stand-by.
3, adopt the grafting method scion
Above-mentioned ready triangular prism mamoncillo young shoot is downcut, kind terrible lotus that will cultivate simultaneously adopts cleft graft or bonding method, side grafting or other grafting that triangular prism mamoncillo young shoot is received on kind terrible lotus stock after by certain specification field planting normal growth, plant graft method processing routinely after the grafting, as tighten grafting mouth etc. with plastic tape, measures such as employing simultaneously keeps out of the direct sun and suitably waters, fertilising, make inner cambium of scion and stock tight connecting and join the raising survival rate together at heart minister root.
The triangular prism mamoncillo of several color pulp of cultivating with this method has more than father and mother and originally demonstrates special new hybrid vigour, is in particular in:
1, the fruit tree growth cycle shortens, and through the new plant that grafting produces, can yield positive results in general plantation back in 8-10 month; As plant, need after the plantation more than 1 year or the longer time just can yield positive results without grafting.
2, root system of plant prosperity, kept drought-enduring, heat-resisting quality, also showed cold-resistant, deficient resistance, also waterlogging new germplasm, fast growth, the phase of yielding positive results reaches 5-6 month, and is more more extensive than the management of common triangular prism mamoncillo, the growth lifetime is long, can yield positive results decades continuously after the field planting.
3, planting range enlarges, and past triangular prism mamoncillo can only be in Hainan, some area plantations in Taiwan, Guangxi, Guangdong, cultivate new varieties with this method after, the Yangtze river basin also can be cultivated, even the employing booth also can be planted to the north of the Yellow River.
4, fruit is big, high yield, product are of fine quality, general original producton location Mexican triangular prism mamoncillo fruit average weight have only the 200-500 gram/, and the really heavy average out to 500-800 gram of the triangular prism mamoncillo new varieties that the inventor cultivates/, the heavy 1000-1200 gram of maximum fruit/, production ratio improved more than 20% originally.
5, quality better, original producton location triangular prism mamoncillo taste is good inadequately, sugar part is low, what have has an acerbity, several years ago introduce triangular prism mamoncillo sugar part of the high yield white flesh of China and also have only 10-12%, taste is also good inadequately, the northerner dislikes this taste, and this new triangular prism mamoncillo delicious flavour that the inventor cultivates, fresh and sweet tasty and refreshing, sweet perfumes are diffused all around, its sugar part (Bris) has reached 16-18% after measured, as suitably selecting the high-quality farmyard manure for use and suitably spraying nutritional agents (breeding adds the science culture technique management of good method), sugar part (Bris) can also be brought up to about 20%, can match in excellence or beauty with the Hami melon of north.The people who tasted (south, the north are arranged, the people in different provinces is also arranged) is profuse in praise to this taste.
7, red dragon fruit of the present invention, Huanglong fruit, dragon fruit have higher medical value, eat this red dragon fruit, Huanglong fruit, dragon fruit raw, can suppress the too high and fat absorption of cholesterol, can also reducing human blood to the picked-up of glucose, has effect hypoglycemic, blood fat, so illnesss such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, gastritis, colitis are had certain therapeutic action.
8, be of high nutritive value, the above-mentioned said triangular prism mamoncillo of sugar more than 18% that contain is different from sucrose and glucose, it is a kind of oligosaccharide that fragrance, glycol flavor are arranged, digestion there is fabulous help, also blood sugar lowering there is effect, in addition, also be rich in vitamin, amino acid and the trace element of needed by human body, useful and do not hinder as the many foods of fruit.
Triangular prism mamoncillo of the present invention detects through provincial examination and test of products department, and its various nutrient composition contents are (in 100 gram fresh fruits): moisture 80%, 1 milligram of fiber, 8.8 milligrams of calcium, 35 milligrams in phosphorus, 0.6 milligram of iron, 0.5 milligram of Cobastab, 9.0 milligrams of vitamin Cs, sugar 15-18%.
Two, extract the method for red xanthein from the triangular prism mamoncillo.
Red dragon fruit, Huanglong fruit, dragon fruit that the present invention cultivates are not only nutritious, can be used as senior fruit, and pulp colour is bright-coloured especially, water colo(u)r concentration is very big, thereby the inventor has also tested, and extraction is red, the method for xanthein, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1, the extraction of water-soluble triangular prism mamoncillo pigment
Redness or yellow triangular prism mamoncillo are cleaned removal scale and carpopodium, put it to and shred in the cutter mill or smash, place then in the container, press fresh fruit weight and add 2-5 pure water or distilled water doubly, soaked 1-10 hour, with redness or the yellow solution that leaches, use concentrating under reduced pressure, dry again (but evaporate to dryness or use spray-dired method) obtains concentrate or powder, package encapsulation is preserved, and obtains redness or xanthein product.
2, the extraction of pure dissolubility or fat-soluble triangular prism mamoncillo pigment
Press the extracting method of water colo(u)r, with the redness of chopping or alcohol immersion 2-8 hour of yellow triangular prism mamoncillo adding 50-90%, pulp and ethanol weight ratio are 1: 1～3, the solution that leaches is reclaimed ethanol with the way of distillation, obtain concentrating pigment solution, or a step drying obtains mealy pigment again, also can be directly extracts pigment with circumfluence method or extraction, ion-exchange-resin process.
3, water is carried with alcohol extracting and is mixed extraction triangular prism mamoncillo pigment
Red or the yellow triangular prism mamoncillo that chopping is pulverized steeped 1～2 hour with 1～2 times of water logging earlier, filter, water extract is standby, then the filter residue that leaches is added alcohol immersion or the backflow of 1-2 50-90% doubly, again infusion and alcohol extract are merged, concentrate or be dried to powder and obtain product.
With the pigment of triangular prism mamoncillo of the present invention have aromatic flavour, nutritious, bright-colored, adhesive force is good, can be widely used in food industry, cosmetics, medicine, not only cost is low for it, and quality is good, and is nontoxic without any side effects, can also treat hypertension, high fat of blood, diabetes, in numerous natural colouring matters handsome person, fresh fruit particularly of the present invention, than the excellent quality in original producton location, the pigment of extraction also will more be subjected to people's welcome.
Embodiment
The cultivation embodiment of triangular prism mamoncillo new varieties:
Embodiment one: the triangular prism mamoncillo seedling of red pulp on the kind of big field, select healthy sturdy branch as scion, in land for growing field crops or booth, plant wild, sturdy kind terrible lotus stem bar simultaneously, with cleft graft the scion of triangular prism mamoncillo is received on kind terrible lotus stem bar after waiting to take root, wrap the place of grafting with plastic film, promptly survived in 10 days, can transplant in 1 month.
Embodiment two: plant the triangular prism mamoncillo seedling of going up yellow pulp in the ground, select healthy sturdy branch as scion, in land for growing field crops or booth, plant wild, sturdy kind terrible lotus branch simultaneously, with bonding method the scion of triangular prism mamoncillo is received on kind terrible lotus stem bar after waiting to take root, wrap the place of grafting with plastic film, survived in 1 month and can transplant after growing sprouting.
Embodiment three: the triangular prism mamoncillo seedling of white flesh on the kind of big field, select healthy sturdy branch as scion, in land for growing field crops or booth, plant wild, sturdy kind terrible lotus stem bar simultaneously, with side grafting the scion of triangular prism mamoncillo is received on kind terrible lotus branch after waiting to take root, wrap the place of grafting with plastic film, survived in 1 month and can transplant after growing sprouting.
The triangular prism mamoncillo extracts the embodiment of redness, xanthein:
Embodiment four: red dragon fruit is cleaned removed scale and carpopodium, put it to chopping pulverizing in the cutter mill, place then in the container, press fresh fruit weight and add 2-5 pure distilled water doubly, soaked 5 hours, with the red solution that leaches, use concentrating under reduced pressure, dry again (but evaporate to dryness or use spray-dired method) obtains concentrate or powder, package encapsulation is preserved, and obtains the red pigments product.
Embodiment five: the Huanglong of chopping was really added 70% alcohol immersion 4 hours, and pulp and ethanol weight ratio are 1: 1～3, and the solution that leaches is reclaimed ethanol with the way of distillation, obtain concentrating pigment solution, or one go on foot drying and obtain the powdery xanthein again.
Embodiment six: will shred the red dragon fruit of pulverizing and steep 1～2 hour with 1～2 times of water logging earlier, filter, water extract is standby, then the filter residue that leaches is added alcohol immersion or the backflow of 1-2 50-90% doubly, again infusion and alcohol extract are merged, concentrate or be dried to powder and obtain product.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of breeding method of triangular prism mamoncillo, it is characterized in that: planting triangular prism mamoncillo seedling in land for growing field crops or the booth, select healthy sturdy branch as scion, wild, the sturdy kind terrible lotus branch of plantation in the ground or in the booth simultaneously, after waiting to take root with triangular prism mamoncillo scion grafting to kind terrible lotus branch, the field planting of triangular prism mamoncillo or the transplanting that will obtain after will taking over a job again.
2, the breeding method of triangular prism mamoncillo according to claim 1 is characterized in that: triangular prism mamoncillo scion grafting is adopted cleft graft or bonding method, side grafting or other grafting to the method on kind terrible lotus branch.
3, a kind of method of extraction pigment of triangular prism mamoncillo as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: redness or yellow triangular prism mamoncillo are cleaned removal scale and carpopodium, put it to chopping pulverizing in the cutter mill, extract redness or xanthein with water extraction or alcohol extracting method, perhaps water extraction adds alcohol extracting method extraction redness or xanthein.
4, triangular prism mamoncillo according to claim 3 extracts the method for pigment, it is characterized in that: the process that water extraction extracts pigment is that redness or yellow triangular prism mamoncillo are cleaned removal scale and carpopodium, put it to and shred in the cutter mill or smash, place in the container then, press fresh fruit weight and add 2-5 pure water or distilled water doubly, soaked 1-10 hour, with redness or the yellow solution that leaches, use concentrating under reduced pressure, dry again, obtain concentrate or powder, package encapsulation is preserved, and obtains redness or xanthein product.
5, triangular prism mamoncillo according to claim 3 extracts the method for pigment, it is characterized in that: the process that alcohol extracting method extracts pigment is with the redness of chopping or alcohol immersion 2-8 hour of yellow triangular prism mamoncillo adding 50-90%, pulp and ethanol weight ratio are 1: 1～3, the solution that leaches is reclaimed ethanol with the way of distillation, obtain concentrating pigment solution, or a step drying obtains mealy pigment again, perhaps directly extracts pigment with circumfluence method.
6, triangular prism mamoncillo according to claim 3 extracts the method for pigment, it is characterized in that: the process that water extraction adds alcohol extracting method extraction pigment is that the red or yellow triangular prism mamoncillo that chopping is pulverized was steeped 1～2 hour with 1～2 times of water logging earlier, filter, water extract is standby, the alcohol immersion or the backflow that then the filter residue that leaches are added 1-2 50-90% doubly, again infusion and alcohol extract are merged, concentrate or be dried to powder and obtain product.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011284471A CN1176571C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-09-10 | Cultivation of new variety of santengzhumiguo fruit and its natural colouring matter extraction method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011284471A CN1176571C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-09-10 | Cultivation of new variety of santengzhumiguo fruit and its natural colouring matter extraction method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1341345A CN1341345A (en) | 2002-03-27 |
| CN1176571C true CN1176571C (en) | 2004-11-24 |
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| CNB011284471A Expired - Fee Related CN1176571C (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2001-09-10 | Cultivation of new variety of santengzhumiguo fruit and its natural colouring matter extraction method |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101874472B (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-11-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Tissue culture method of Pitaya |
| CN102415973B (en) * | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-02 | 李志诚 | Natural botanical hair dye or stain |
| CN103087547A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-05-08 | 晋江市吉隆农业综合开发有限公司 | Extraction method of pitaya red pigment |
| CN103242676A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-14 | 许昌学院 | Method for extracting pericarp pigments of dragon fruit |
| CN103360785A (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2013-10-23 | 华南理工大学 | Natural pigment extracted from dragon fruit, as well as extract method and application thereof |
| CN103980730A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-08-13 | 重庆大学 | Preparation method for high-purity pitaya pigment |
| CN104770226B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2017-02-01 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | Dragon fruit grafting method |
| CN104956882B (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2017-08-08 | 宋开泉 | The high-yield planting method of the red Hylocereus undatus of triangular prism and fruit |
| CN105494012B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-10 | 广西绿希望农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods improving dragon fruit sugar content |
| CN106009763A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-10-12 | 华南理工大学 | Method for extracting natural red pigment from pitaya and application thereof |
| CN115785700A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-03-14 | 拉萨扎西彩虹藏传颜料制配有限公司 | Preparation process of mineral and plant pigment series of Tibet green and Tibet green |
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2001
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