CN104885890B - A kind of machine-transplanted rice is without native simple method of raising seedling - Google Patents
A kind of machine-transplanted rice is without native simple method of raising seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885890B CN104885890B CN201510240886.1A CN201510240886A CN104885890B CN 104885890 B CN104885890 B CN 104885890B CN 201510240886 A CN201510240886 A CN 201510240886A CN 104885890 B CN104885890 B CN 104885890B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to method of raising seedling technical field there is provided a kind of machine-transplanted rice without native simple method of raising seedling and machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plate.The method of raising seedling spreads fertilizer over the fields rice husk, laying non-woven fabrics (4) sowing (5) water spray (6) including (1) laying framework (2) laying plastic (3) and builds shed, lid canopy film, wait rice shoot growth.Compared with native (matrix) seedling of conventional nutraceutical, the present invention has abandoned the Nutrition Soil (matrix) that traditional method of raising seedling is used completely, seedling block length is up to 3 6m, but quality is only the 1/4 1/6 of native (matrix) seedling block weight of conventional nutrient.Seedling cost of the present invention saves 39.6% than conventional hard seedling, and 75.5% is saved than long blanket method of raising seedling；The artificial input ratio conventional hard method of raising seedling of seedling saves 37.7%, little with long blanket method of raising seedling difference；Machine transplanting of rice efficiency improves 13.9% than conventional hard method of raising seedling, with long blanket method of raising seedling no significant difference.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to method of raising seedling technical field, it is related to a kind of machine-transplanted rice without native simple method of raising seedling and machine-transplanted rice
Soilless breeding seeding plate.
Background technology
Instantly, it is mainly blanket seedling seedling and the pot seedling risen in recent years that domestic well known rice mechanization, which transplants seedling-cultivation technique,
Seedling-cultivation technique, correlation technique is ripe.But, above raising rice seedlings mode is all to be situated between using soil or new medium as seedling
Matter relies on modeling disk to carry out seedling, on the one hand, seedling disk weight 5kg or so equipped with seedling soil, rise the preparation of seedling fortune seedling and seedling soil, mix fertilizer,
The operation of the farming such as storage is required for substantial amounts of human input, and easily seedling block and rice shoot are damaged；On the other hand, seedling disk is advised
Lattice are 28 × 58cm2, rice transplanter needs ceaselessly to fill seedling during the machine transplanting of rice, and limiting the operating efficiency of rice transplanter, (Dong keeps
Into open-air seedling raising method through seedling trays, Chinese patent, 2010101813294；Zhang Hongcheng etc., the method for raising seedling of bowl blanket seedling, China is specially
Profit, 2013102901807；Li Guosheng etc., a kind of new-type transplanting method of raising seedling, Chinese patent, 2014102988218).
To save labour's input, improving operating efficiency, Japanese scholars once attempted the long felt by core of cultivation technique without soil
Formula (Long-mat) seedling-cultivation technique, domestic scholars have also carried out correlative study.Compared with traditional blanket seedling and pot seedling, long batt
Seedling-cultivation technique mainly has following characteristics：(1) soil (matrix) that traditional seedling cultivation needs has been abandoned in long batt seedling completely, with
Non-woven fabrics realizes the high efficiency of lightweight and the carrying of rice shoot as seedling medium；(2) long batt seedling uses the side of water planting
Method provides nutrient for rice shoot, strengthens the artificial ability of regulation and control for rice shoot, adds seedling age elasticity；(3) long batt seedling changes
Become the form of traditional rectangle short block (0.28m × 0.58m), but become the rice shoot volume (long-mat that length is 3-6 meters
Seedlings), supporting people's number of every rice transplanter is reduced during machine transplanting of rice crop field, machine transplanting of rice efficiency is substantially increased.But Japanology
Person research institute is that stainless steel material is made (Kohei TASATA.Raising and Transplanting with seedling raising device
Technology for Long Mat with Hydroponically Grown Rice Seedlings. Japanese agricultures are studied
Quarterly .1999:33 (1), 31-37), domestic scholars research is PVC material with seedling raising device or marble is made (Ding Yanfeng
Deng hydroponics rice seedling raising device Chinese patents, 2011202228872), its seedling raising device expense input is larger；Meanwhile, its
Seedling need to be carried out in greenhouse, be not suitable for a wide range of popularization and application, especially low developed area at home.
In addition, domestic and foreign scholars research shows, rice yield has the downward trend with the increase of the transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow, can
See the advantage and potentiality (Shen Jianhui, 2006 of small transplantation of seedlings；Zhang Hongcheng, 2010；Pasuquin, 2008).But in actual production
In due to being influenceed by rice shoot packing power, small transplantation of seedlings dissipates disk, and to dissipate seedling rate high, and can not meet seedling, transport the agricultures such as seedling, the machine transplanting of rice
Thing is operated, thus the serious development for constraining small transplantation of seedlings.Meanwhile, hybrid paddy rice causes packing power relatively low less due to application rate,
Rice shoot root system is formed block from coiling, have become the great difficult problem of limitation hybrid paddy rice machine transplanting of rice popularization and application.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to be directed to existing issue, and the present invention provides a kind of machine-transplanted rice without native simple method of raising seedling and machine
Insert paddy rice soilless breeding seeding plate.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions
1. a kind of machine-transplanted rice comprises the following steps without native simple method of raising seedling, this method：
(1) framework is laid：Framework is made with hard bar, framework is laid on seedling plate；Hard bar is without spy
Do not require, plastic strip, batten or aluminum alloy bar etc. can.
(2) laying plastic：It is laid on non-porous mulch film is uniform, smooth on seedling plate；
(3) rice husk, laying non-woven fabrics are spread fertilizer over the fields：By 20-25g/m2Spunbond non-woven fabrics is layed on mulch film, afterwards that rice husk is equal
It is even to spread fertilizer over the fields on spunbond non-woven fabrics, it is ensured that rice husk thickness 2.0cm-2.5cm, by 15-20g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black is laid on
Above rice husk；Non-woven fabrics is black on the mulch film that the present invention is provided.
(4) sow：Rice bud paddy is uniformly broadcasted sowing on non-woven fabrics；
(5) spray water：Using atomising spray device to moisture is sprayed in seedling bed, it is immersed in the 1/4-1/2 of bud valley thickness
It is advisable in water；
(6) shed, lid canopy film are built, rice shoot growth is waited.
Seedling plate can be smooth any water-absorbing material, and the present invention to reduce cost, reduces manpower and thrown in use
Enter, directly so that, as seedling plate, seedling plate is intended only as supporting role by smooth rice seedling bed, what does not have influence paddy growth.
Rice shoot whole packing is in soilless breeding seeding dielectric layer.
2. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, before step (1) laying framework, first carry out
Seedling plate prepares, and specific method is：Preceding 10 days of sowing, essence does seedling plate, and first upper water makes that seedling plate is smooth, and draining is dried, and makes plate face heavy in fact,
Preceding 2 days shovels of sowing are high to be mended low, is filled and led up crack, is fully made real, and plate face is reached " real, flat, light, directly ".Wherein, seedling plate is referred in fact heavy real
It does not sink；The flat seedling plate that refers to is smooth, makes moisture (nutrient solution) uniform；Light, which refers to, roots out the debris such as rice stub, weeds, prevents from cutting mulch film；
Direct at seedling plate straight, it is easy to operate, cut beneficial to later stage seedling block and roll up seedling
3. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, a width of 60cm- of seedling plate gauge lattice
150cm, furrow length is adjusted according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state.
4. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, reserved rice seedling bed area is set according to rice varieties
It is fixed, conventional rice kind press seedling this than 1:80-1:100 stop rice seedling bed area, hybrid rice press seedling this than 1:120-1:130 stop
Rice seedling bed area.
5. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, in rice seedling bed, wide 20cm- is stayed between seedling plate
30cm, deep about 15cm or so gutter, rice seedling bed is turned in advance, stubble-cleaning.
Before planting, in advance by seed selection, germination test, seed soaking, vernalization, then uniform broadcasting is in non-woven fabrics for bud paddy
On.Seed selection, germination test, seed soaking, vernalization specific steps are shown in Chinese patent application CN 103959956A.
6. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, when rice shoot grows to the heart stage of 3 leaf 1, plant height 12-
During 15cm, with knife by rice seedling bed rice shoot block cut growth strip rice shoot block, strip rice shoot block is crimped using the method for rolling up seedling by hand
Rolled up into rice shoot, afterwards carrying, machine transplanting of rice crop field.
7. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, the rice shoot block length of cutting is 3-6m, wide
For 0.28m.
8. above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice provided is without native simple method of raising seedling, wherein, mulch film is layed on seedling plate, makes mulch film tight
Paste on framework；The rice husk used for paddy take off it is rough after leftover bits and pieces.
9. the present invention also provides a kind of machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plate, the raising rice seedling plate includes three layers, is successively from top to bottom
Seedling dielectric layer, non-porous ground film layer 3, seedling flaggy 1, wherein, seedling dielectric layer includes the 15-20g/m on upper strata2The spunbond nonwoven of black
Cloth 6, intima-media thickness is 2.0cm-2.5cm rice husk, lower floor 20-25g/m2Spunbond non-woven fabrics 4；By spunbond non-woven fabrics, rice husk group
Into seedling medium its length and width it is equal with the length and width of non-porous mulch film；In use, seedling dielectric layer and non-porous ground film layer 3 are directly put
It is placed on seedling flaggy 1, wide 2-3cm, long 300cm stereoplasm frame 7 is located at seedling edges of boards edge, prevents moisture or nutrient solution to be lost in.
10. the above-mentioned 1 machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plate provided, wherein, a width of 60cm-150cm of seedling plate gauge lattice, furrow are long
Adjusted according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state；Wide 20cm-30cm, depth 15cm gutter are stayed between the seedling plate.
Beneficial effect：
1. compared with native (matrix) seedling of conventional nutraceutical, the present invention has abandoned the nutrition that traditional method of raising seedling is used completely
Native (matrix), and non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics is used as seedling medium, seedling block length is up to 3-6m, but quality is only conventional
The 1/4-1/6 of Nutrition Soil (matrix) seedling block weight, alleviates manpower in rice shoot handling process, the input of machinery, while imitating the machine transplanting of rice
Rate is able to effectively improve.
2. compared with new soilless breeding seeding method (long batt seedling), the present invention, which has been abandoned, puts into higher seedling bed,
With reference to China's real economy condition, carried out using traditional seedling rice seedling bed as support, under outdoor open-air condition without native seedling cultivation.Cause
And, present invention eliminates the seedbed used in long batt seedling and the input of seedling greenhouse, so as to reduce seedling cost input.This
Outside, the present invention is using non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics as seedling medium, and compared with long batt seedling, invention increases one layer of nothing
Spin cloth, further enhance rice shoot packing power, make it possible small transplantation of seedlings with and hybrid paddy rice machine transplanting of rice popularization and application.
3. (self-important outstanding person forever etc., the double film seedling bottom outlet density researchs of rice mechanical transplanting, journal of crops compared with traditional double film seedling
.2003,3:15-16), the present invention uses non-porous mulch film, can prevent the passage of nutrient, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency；Meanwhile, this
Invention is using non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics as seedling medium, and gas permeability is more excellent, is conducive to root growth.
4. with only using rice husk, (Bai Guijun etc., the paddy rice using rice husk as matrix is without native rice seedling on upland field compared with raising rice seedlings medium
Method, Chinese patent, 200410043613X), present invention eliminates the preprocessing process of rice husk (crushing, immersion, fertilising etc.),
But directly using Rice producing leftover bits and pieces and non-woven fabrics as seedling medium, saved process, saved the time and cost, improve
Operating efficiency.
5. for Productive statistics and machine transplanting of rice efficiency, the present invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil) seedling cost compares conventional hard
Seedling saves 39.6%, and 75.5% is saved than long blanket method of raising seedling；The artificial input ratio conventional hard method of raising seedling of seedling
37.7% is saved, it is little with long blanket method of raising seedling difference；Machine transplanting of rice efficiency improves 13.9% than conventional hard method of raising seedling,
With long blanket method of raising seedling no significant difference.
Brief description of the drawings
The use state schematic diagram of Fig. 1 machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plates
1 is seedling plate, and 2 be gutter, and 3 be mulch film, and 4 be bottom non-woven fabrics, and 5 be rice husk, and 6 be upper strata non-woven fabrics, and 7 be framework
Influence W+S+W of Fig. 2 Different Raising Seedlings medium to rice shoot individual plant packing power before transplanting:Non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics；W
+S：Non-woven fabrics+rice husk
Fig. 3 Different Raising Seedling medium seedling growth situations W+S+W:Non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics；W+S：Non-woven fabrics+rice husk
Fig. 4 Different Raising Seedling method seedling block weight compares
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described, the experiment side of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example
Method, generally according to the known approaches of this area.
Embodiment 1
(1) seedling plate prepares：Using commercially available paddy rice, according to conventional rice kind seedling this than 1:100, hybrid rice variety seedling sheet
Than 1:130, stop rice seedling bed area.150cm seedling plate is taken, furrow length can be adjusted according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state, and width is stayed between seedling plate
30cm, depth 15cm gutter.Rice seedling bed carries out turning over stubble-cleaning in advance, sows preceding 10 days essences and does seedling plate, can to make seedling plate face smooth
First upper water carries out smooth, and seedling plate is carried out rear draining and dried in the air plate, makes plate face heavy real, sowing a few days ago shovel it is high mend low, fill and lead up crack, fully
Make real, plate face is reached " real, flat, light, straight "；
(2) framework is laid：Wide 3cm, high 5cm, long 300cm framework are made of hard bar, framework is laid on seedling
On edges of boards edge, as shown in Figure 1；Moisture or nutrient solution is prevented to be lost in.
(3) laying plastic：It is laid on mulch film is uniform, smooth on seedling plate；
(4) rice husk, laying non-woven fabrics are spread fertilizer over the fields：By 25g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black (the limited public affairs of Nantong Condar composite
Department) it is layed on mulch film, it is used as lower nonwoven cloth；Afterwards by rice husk (paddy take off it is rough after leftover bits and pieces) it is uniform spread fertilizer over the fields in lower floor without
Spin on cloth, rice husk thickness 2.0cm, after by 15g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black (Nantong Kangka Complex Material Co., Ltd.) is laid on
Above rice husk, upper strata non-woven fabrics is used as；
(5) sow：Rice bud paddy is uniformly broadcasted sowing on the non-woven fabrics of upper strata；
(6) spray water：Using atomising spray device to moisture is sprayed in seedling bed, the 1/2 of bud valley thickness is set to soak in water
It is advisable；
(7) shed, lid canopy film are built
(8) seedling, the machine transplanting of rice are played：As the heart stage of 3 leaf of rice shoot 1, plant height 12-15cm, it is 3- that rice shoot block is cut into length with knife
6m, a width of 0.28m rice shoot block, are curled into rice shoot by strip rice shoot block using the method for rolling up seedling by hand and roll up, carrying, the machine transplanting of rice afterwards
Crop field.
Pouring rice shoot is after planting sprayed with running water to the leaf phase of rice shoot 2 (after planting 7 days), from the leaf phase of rice shoot 2 (after planting 7
My god) start to spray pouring rice shoot with nutrient solution；Two leaf phases started to take off film hardening in real time.Seedling cultivation is nutrient solution used to be derived from patent
The nutrient solution announced in application 201110457967.9, is formulated as follows：The component of every liter of nutrient solution mother liquor：H3BO3284.4mg·
L-1, CuSO4.5H2O 7.5mg·L-1, ZnSO4.7H2O 23mg·L-1, MnCl2.4H2O 178.1mg·L-1, Na2MoO4.2H2O
2.4mg·L-1, Na2SiO3.9H2O 19.21g·L-1, Fe-EDTA7.5gL-1, KCl 7.46gL-1, CaCl27.71g·
L-1, MgSO4.7H2O 6.61g·L-1, KH2PO4 2.72g·L-1, NH4NO3 17.15g·L-1, remaining is water.
Embodiment 2
(1) seedling plate prepares：Using commercially available paddy rice, according to conventional rice kind seedling this than 1:80, hybrid rice variety seedling sheet
Than 1:120, rice seedling bed area is stopped, 60cm seedling plate is taken, furrow length can be adjusted according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state, and width is stayed between seedling plate
20cm, depth 14cm gutter.Rice seedling bed carries out turning over stubble-cleaning in advance, sows preceding 10 days essences and does seedling plate, can to make seedling plate face smooth
First upper water carries out smooth, and seedling plate is carried out rear draining and dried in the air plate, makes plate face heavy real, sowing a few days ago shovel it is high mend low, fill and lead up crack, fully
Make real, plate face is reached " real, flat, light, straight "；
(2) framework is laid：Wide 3cm, high 5cm, long 300cm framework are made of hard bar, framework is laid on seedling
On plate；
(3) laying plastic：It is laid on mulch film is uniform, smooth on seedling plate, mulch film is close on framework；
(4) rice husk, laying non-woven fabrics are spread fertilizer over the fields：By 20g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black (the limited public affairs of Nantong Condar composite
Department) it is layed on mulch film, it is used as lower nonwoven cloth；Afterwards by rice husk (paddy take off it is rough after leftover bits and pieces) it is uniform spread fertilizer over the fields in lower floor without
Spin on cloth, rice husk thickness 2.5cm, after by 15g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black (Nantong Kangka Complex Material Co., Ltd.) is laid on
Above rice husk, upper strata non-woven fabrics is used as；
(5) sow：Rice bud paddy in advance after seed selection, germination test, seed soaking, vernalization is uniformly broadcasted sowing in upper strata
On non-woven fabrics；
(6) spray water：Using atomising spray device to moisture is sprayed in seedling bed, the 1/4 of bud valley thickness is set to soak in water
It is advisable；
(7) shed, lid canopy film are built
(8) seedling, the machine transplanting of rice are played：As the heart stage of 3 leaf of rice shoot 1, plant height 12-15cm, it is 3- that rice shoot block is cut into length with knife
6m, a width of 0.28m rice shoot block, are curled into rice shoot by strip rice shoot block using the method for rolling up seedling by hand and roll up, carrying, the machine transplanting of rice afterwards
Crop field.
Pouring rice shoot is after planting sprayed with running water to the leaf phase of rice shoot 2 (after planting 7 days), from the leaf phase of rice shoot 2 (after planting 7
My god) start to spray pouring rice shoot with nutrient solution；Two leaf phases started to take off film hardening in real time.Seedling cultivation is nutrient solution used to be derived from patent
The nutrient solution announced in application 201110457967.9, is formulated as follows：The component of every liter of nutrient solution mother liquor：H3BO3284.4mg·
L-1, CuSO4.5H2O 7.5mg·L-1, ZnSO4.7H2O 23mg·L-1, MnCl2.4H2O 178.1mg·L-1, Na2MoO4.2H2O
2.4mg·L-1, Na2SiO3.9H2O 19.21g·L-1, Fe-EDTA7.5gL-1, KCl 7.46gL-1, CaCl27.71g·
L-1, MgSO4.7H2O 6.61g·L-1, KH2PO4 2.72g·L-1, NH4NO3 17.15g·L-1, remaining is water.
Embodiment 3
Rice shoot packing power and weight compare
1. materials and methods
1) test site：Test in 2013-2014 in Agricultural University Of Nanjing's Danyang Experimental Base (32 ° of 00 ' N, 119 °
32 ' E, 7m asl) carry out.
2) rice varieties are selected：It is material to be tested, mass of 1000 kernel with 6 liang excellent 9368 of conventional japonica rice force fortune round-grained rice 24 and indica Hybrid Rice
Respectively 27g and 28g.Seed quality should meet GB4404.1 regulations.
3) experimental design
Tested for 1 (rice shoot packing power compares)：Processing 1 is using non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics as seedling medium, labeled as W+S+W
Group；Processing 2 is using non-woven fabrics+rice husk as seedling medium, labeled as W+S groups.W+S+W group lower nonwoven cloth (under rice husk) uses 25g/m2
The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black is medium, and upper strata non-woven fabrics (on rice husk) uses 20g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black；Non-woven fabrics used in W+S groups
For 25g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black.Force fortune No. 24 and 6 liang excellent 9368 amounts of broadcasting of round-grained rice are with conventional seedling-cultivation plate size 0.28m × 0.58m
Metering, the amount of broadcasting is respectively bud paddy weight 120g/ disks, 70g/ disks.
Tested for 2 (seedling block weight compares)：Processing 1 is conventional hard disk method of raising seedling, using Nutrition Soil as seedling medium, is labeled as
CK groups；Processing 2 is using non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics as seedling medium, labeled as W+S+W groups.Force fortune round-grained rice No. 24 and 6 liang excellent 9368
The amount of broadcasting is measured with conventional seedling-cultivation plate size 0.28m × 0.58m, and the amount of broadcasting is respectively bud paddy weight 120g/ disks, 70g/ disks；Interpretation of result
In using two kind seedling block weighed averages as analysis object.
2. interpretation of result
1) rice shoot packing power compares
As shown in Figure 2, rice shoot individual plant packing power W+S+W processing is noticeably greater than W+S processing before transplanting, and force transports round-grained rice 24 and 6 liang
Excellent 9368 performance is consistent.Wherein, military fortune round-grained rice 24 and 6 liang of excellent 9368 rice shoot individual plant packing power W+S+W processing are higher respectively than W+S processing
27.3% and 37.0%.It will also realize in Fig. 3 that, W+S+W processing root system disk knots are better than W+S processing.
2) seedling block weight compares
As shown in Figure 4, the present invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil) seedling block unit weight is substantially less than conventional hard seedling, its
Weight is the 1/5 of conventional hard seedling, greatly reducing seedling, has transported the input of seedling manpower, while mitigating the negative of rice transplanting machinery
Lotus, increase rice transplanter and take seedling amount.
Embodiment 4
Cost and efficiency analysis
Machine-transplanted rice is contrasted without native simple method of raising seedling and traditional seedling and long blanket method of raising seedling
1. seed and material cost
1) seed：Experiment seed force No. 24 commercially available prices of fortune round-grained rice are 8 yuan/kg, and every mu of rice seedling bed needs seed 277.1kg (meters
Every mu of rice seedling bed real area is calculated with 450m2Calculate), i.e., every mu rice seedling bed Meteorological is 277.1 × 8=2216.8 (member), processing
Between seed variability be 0；
2) mulch film：Price is 0.25/m2, every mu of rice seedling bed real area is with 450m2Meter, because it is disposable consumable material,
I.e. every mu Meteorological is 0.25 × 450=112.5 (member)；
Arch shed membrane and bamboo chip：Converted for 1.2 times with mulch film consumption according to commercially available price arch shed membrane, in terms of medical disposable material, i.e.,
Every mu of 112.5 × 1.2=135 of Meteorological (member)；Shed bamboo chip price is set up for 0.4 yuan/root, every mu of rice seedling bed needs 600,
Use time is based on 10 years, i.e., every mu 600 × 0.4 ÷ 10=24 (member) of input；
3) non-woven fabrics：Using 15g/m2Non-woven fabrics be used as upper strata non-woven fabrics (on rice husk)；20g/m2Non-woven fabrics under
Layer non-woven fabrics (on rice husk, on mulch film).The commercially available price 15g/m of non-woven fabrics2For 0.3 yuan/m2, 20g/m2For 0.45 yuan/m2, every mu
Put into 0.3 × 450=135 (member)；0.45 × 450=202.5 (member)
Rice husk：Experiment with rice husk by paddy take off it is rough after directly use, without any processing, every mu of rice seedling bed needs rice husk 50
Member；
4) seedling raising device：1) long blanket method of raising seedling：Seedling raising device is calculated by a length of 4 meters, wide 0.28 meter, 4 seedling grooves, often
Mu rice seedling bed needs 100 seedling raising devices of seedling raising device, and each seedling raising device presses 1200 yuan, and use time is based on 12 years, i.e., every mu
100 × 1200 ÷ 10=10000 (member) need to be put into；2) traditional seedling hard disk：Every mu needs seedling disk number to be 2771, and unit price is
4.5 yuan, use time is based on 5 years, i.e., every mu 2771 × 4.5 ÷ 5=2493.9 (member) of input；
(rice seedling bed utilizes area 450m to the Different Raising Seedling mode rice shoot Cost comparisons of table 1 by actual2Calculate)
Note：With 1 mu of seedling field, actual seedling area 450m2Calculate；Convert and refer to for every mu of crop field cost with rice seedling bed and crop field
Than for 1:100 calculate, required rice shoot cost during 1 mu of crop field of the rice shoot machine transplanting of rice.
CK：Conventional hard seedling；W+S：Non-woven fabrics+rice husk；W+S+W:Non-woven fabrics+rice husk+non-woven fabrics
As shown in Table 1, long blanket mode is higher because seedling raising device is put into, so final seedling cost is more a height of
12709.3 yuan/mu, are secondly that traditional seedling raising method (seedling disk) is 5113.2 yuan/mu, the present invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil) educates
Minimum 3115.8 yuan/mu of seedling cost；According to rice seedling bed and crop field 1:After 100 conversions,
Traditional seedling and long blanket mode are higher because seedling raising device (seedling disk) is put into, so rice shoot totle drilling cost is above this
Invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil)；Wherein, long blanket seedling raising method input cost highest.According to rice seedling bed and crop field 1:100 foldings
After calculation, the traditional seedling raising method of every mu of seedling cost of labor of transplanting is 76.3 yuan, and long blanket seedling raising method is 189.7 yuan, no soil
Simple minimum 46.5 yuan of method of raising seedling.
2. cost of labor
1) traditional seedling：Mainly include seed, seedling disk, seedling soil (fetch earth, transport, sieving, mix medicine, foster and apply fertilizer, store etc. and walking
Suddenly) and rice seedling bed prepares, manually input is 1280 yuan for every mu of rice seedling bed；Using rice seedling bed and crop field ratio as 1:100 calculate, i.e. machine transplanting of rice crop field is every
Mu seedling cost of labor is 19.1 yuan；
2) long blanket method of raising seedling：Mainly include seed, seedbed preparation, sowing and management input, every mu of rice seedling bed is manually thrown
Enter for 640 yuan；Using rice seedling bed and crop field ratio as 1:100 calculate, i.e., every mu of machine transplanting of rice crop field seedling cost of labor is 9.6 yuan；
3) without native simple method of raising seedling：Mainly include seed, rice seedling bed to prepare, sowing and management input, every mu of rice seedling bed are artificial
Put into as 800 yuan；Using rice seedling bed and crop field ratio as 1:100 calculate, i.e., every mu of machine transplanting of rice crop field seedling cost of labor is 11.9 yuan.
It follows that the present invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil) manually puts into have and subtracted with long blanket method of raising seedling seedling
It is few, wherein saving 37.7% than traditional method of raising seedling without native simple method of raising seedling cost of labor；But due to without native simple seedling side
Method early stage seedling seedling plate prepares and sowing work consuming is more, so final cost of labor is slightly above long blanket method of raising seedling.
3. plant efficiency
1) traditional seedling hard disk：Machine transplanting of rice efficiency 0.36hm/h, the every people of rice transplanter 3 operation, 1 people drives；
2) long blanket method of raising seedling：Machine transplanting of rice efficiency 0.41hm/h, the every people of rice transplanter 2 operation, 1 people drives；
3) without native simple method of raising seedling：Machine transplanting of rice efficiency 0.41hm/h, the every people of rice transplanter 2 operation, 1 people drives.
It follows that the present invention (no simple method of raising seedling of soil) machine transplanting of rice efficiency is higher than traditional method of raising seedling by 13.9%, with length
Blanket method of raising seedling no significant difference, and save labour's input.
It is recognised that the illustrative embodiments that above-described embodiment uses only for explanation inventive principle, but this hair
Bright to be not limited only to this, those skilled in the art can make various improvement and change in the case where not departing from real situation of the present invention, this
A little improvement and change fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of machine-transplanted rice is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(1) framework is laid：Framework is made with hard bar, framework is laid on seedling edges of boards edge；
(2) laying plastic：It is laid on non-porous mulch film is uniform, smooth on seedling plate；
(3) rice husk, laying non-woven fabrics are spread fertilizer over the fields：By 20-25g/m2Spunbond non-woven fabrics is layed on mulch film, is afterwards uniformly spread rice husk
Impose on spunbond non-woven fabrics, it is ensured that rice husk thickness 2.0cm-2.5cm, by 15-20g/m2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black is laid on rice husk
Above；
(4) sow：Rice bud paddy is uniformly broadcasted sowing on the spunbond non-woven fabrics of black；
(5) spray water：Moisture is sprayed on to seedling bed, the 1/4-1/2 of bud valley thickness is soaked in water；
(6) shed, lid canopy film are built, rice shoot growth is waited；When rice shoot grows to the heart stage of 3 leaf 1, plant height 12-15cm, with knife by seedling
Field rice shoot block cut growth strip rice shoot block, is curled into rice shoot by strip rice shoot block using the method for rolling up seedling by hand and rolls up, remove afterwards
Fortune, machine transplanting of rice crop field.
2. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：Step (1) lays framework
Before, seedling plate preparation is first carried out, specific method is：Preceding 10 days of sowing, essence does seedling plate, and first going up water makes that seedling plate is smooth, and draining is dried,
Make plate face heavy real, sow that preceding 2 days shovels are high to be mended low, fill and lead up crack, fully make real, plate face is reached " real, flat, light, directly ".
3. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：The seedling plate gauge lattice are a width of
60cm-150cm, it is long according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state regulation.
4. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：Reserved rice seedling bed area according to
Rice varieties are set, and by seedling, this stops rice seedling bed area than 1: 80-1: 100 to conventional rice kind, hybrid rice press seedling this than 1:
120-1: 130 stop rice seedling bed area.
5. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：In rice seedling bed, stayed between seedling plate
Wide 20cm-30cm, depth 15cm gutter, rice seedling bed is turned in advance, stubble-cleaning；Bud paddy before planting, in advance by seed selection,
Germination test, seed soaking, vernalization, then uniform broadcasting is on the spunbond non-woven fabrics of black.
6. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：The strip rice shoot of cutting
Block length is 3-6m, a width of 0.28m.
7. machine-transplanted rice according to claim 1 is without native simple method of raising seedling, it is characterised in that：The spunbond non-woven fabrics of lower floor is
Black；Mulch film is layed on seedling plate, mulch film is close on framework；The rice husk used for paddy take off it is rough after leftover bits and pieces；Water spray is adopted
Use atomising spray device.
8. a kind of machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plate, it is characterised in that：The raising rice seedling plate includes three layers, is that seedling is situated between successively from top to bottom
Matter layer, non-porous ground film layer (3), seedling flaggy (1), wherein, seedling dielectric layer includes the 15-20g/m on upper strata2The spunbond non-woven fabrics of black
(6), intima-media thickness is 2.0cm-2.5cm rice husk, lower floor 20-25g/m2Spunbond non-woven fabrics (4)；By spunbond non-woven fabrics, rice husk
Its length and width of the seedling medium of composition are equal with the length and width of non-porous mulch film；In use, seedling dielectric layer and non-porous ground film layer (3) is straight
Connect and be positioned on seedling flaggy (1), wide 2-3cm, long 300cm stereoplasm frame (7) is located at seedling edges of boards edge, prevents moisture or nutrient solution
It is lost in.
9. a kind of machine-transplanted rice soilless breeding seeding plate according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The seedling plate gauge lattice are a width of
60cm-150cm, it is long according to reserved rice seedling bed actual state regulation；Wide 20cm-30cm, depth 15cm draining are stayed between the seedling plate
Ditch.
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| CN105941031A (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2016-09-21 | 句容市天王镇戴庄有机农业专业合作社 | Seedling raising method for rice |
| CN107836337A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-27 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method of raising seedling of machine-transplanted rice light soil-less matrix |
| CN109874620B (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2020-11-06 | 扬州大学 | Accurate water management method for machine-transplanted rice in seedling stage |
| CN111226707A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-06-05 | 赤峰和润农业高新科技产业开发有限公司 | Method for accelerating germination and cultivating microclimate of cucumbers in greenhouse in northern cold area |
| CN111357631B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 南京农业大学 | Serial water-rolled seedling raising method for machine-transplanted rice |
| CN111374038B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-19 | 南京农业大学 | Mechanical-transplanting seedling-rolling serial-type soilless simple seedling raising tray and seedling raising device |
| CN114931075A (en) * | 2022-06-11 | 2022-08-23 | 黑龙江米艺通农业发展有限公司 | Rice pond seedling raising method |
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| JP4509528B2 (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2010-07-21 | 株式会社クラレ | Nonwoven fabric for hydroponics rice seedling |
| CN101406148B (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2010-10-13 | 绍兴市农机管理总站 | Simple normalization seedling cultivation method for rice transplanted by machine without dish |
| CN101889489B (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2012-07-04 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Seedling raising base fabric and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102599023A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-07-25 | 张集文 | Seedling breeding diaphragm for rice transplanter |
| CN202603324U (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-12-19 | 中国水稻研究所 | Integrated soilless mechanical-transplanting seedling-raising matrix block for rice |
| CN202773535U (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2013-03-13 | 沅江市润泽科技有限公司 | Environment-friendly sprout cultivation plate |
| CN103959956B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2015-09-09 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of paddy rice soilless breeding seeding method and application |
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