CN104870285A - 混合动力车辆的控制装置 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆的控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104870285A
CN104870285A CN201280077978.7A CN201280077978A CN104870285A CN 104870285 A CN104870285 A CN 104870285A CN 201280077978 A CN201280077978 A CN 201280077978A CN 104870285 A CN104870285 A CN 104870285A
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China
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power
transfer clutch
clutch
engine
driving engine
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CN201280077978.7A
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CN104870285B (zh
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杉村敏夫
桑原清二
堤贵彦
南川幸毅
佐藤俊
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/184—Preventing damage resulting from overload or excessive wear of the driveline
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明在向发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在K0离合器(34)的离合器温度(TK0)超过卡合禁止温度(TK01)而使K0离合器(34)被强制性地释放的情况下(K0热故障时)，由于以使K0离合器(34)的前后的转速(NE以及NMG)同步的方式对发动机转速NE实施控制，因此降低了在温度下降后使K0离合器(34)卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移时的冲击。由此，在本发明中不需要离合器卡合时的转矩补偿，并且在K0热故障时由电动发电机(MG)产生驱动力而进行行驶时，无需保证补偿转矩(Tα)并能够使用到最大转矩(TMGmax)来进行行驶，且能够抑制因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感的情况。

Description

混合动力车辆的控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力车辆的控制装置，尤其是，涉及到通过使该离合器滑动卡合而使该发动机进行曲轴旋转并启动从而向发动机行驶模式进行切换时的控制。
背景技术
已知有如下的混合动力车辆(参照专利文献1)：(a)所述混合动力车辆具备经由离合器而被连接在动力传递路径上的发动机、和至少作为电动机而发挥功能的旋转机；(b)所述混合动力车辆能够实施发动机行驶模式以及电机行驶模式，所述发动机行驶模式为将所述离合器卡合并至少将所述发动机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式，所述电机行驶模式为将该离合器释放并将所述旋转机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式。在这种混合动力车辆中，当在所述离合器被释放的发动机停止时向发动机行驶模式进行切换时，一般情况下是在使该离合器滑动卡合而使发动机进行曲轴旋转并启动后，使该离合器完全卡合的。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平11-285107号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
但是，在以此方式使离合器滑动卡合而使该发动机进行曲轴旋转的情况下，由于离合器温度因摩擦产生的热量而上升，因此存在由于过热而损伤摩擦材料等的可能性。针对于此，虽然尚未公知，但考虑到如果离合器温度超过了规定的温度(热极限等)，则强制性地释放离合器并通过旋转机产生驱动力来进行行驶，并且如果温度下降了则再次使离合器卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移。在该情况下，由于在卡合离合器时会发生因发动机的惯性而造成的冲击(驱动力变化)，因此需要通过旋转机的转矩来对此进行补偿，并且在离合器释放状态下行驶时，为了温度下降后的离合器卡合而在以补偿转矩对应量限制了旋转机的转矩的状态下进行行驶。在该阶段中，由于无法利用发动机转矩而且旋转机的转矩也被限制，因此有可能因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感。
本发明是以上述实际情况为背景而完成的发明，其目的在于，对以下情况进行抑制，即，在向发动机行驶模式进行切换时因离合器温度的上升而强制性释放离合器并通过旋转机产生驱动力而进行行驶，并且如果温度下降了则再次使离合器卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移时，因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感的情况。
用于解决课题的方法
为了实现所述目的，第一发明为：(a)混合动力车辆具备经由离合器而被连接在动力传递路径上的发动机、和至少作为电动机而发挥功能的旋转机；(b)所述混合动力车辆能够实施发动机行驶模式以及电机行驶模式，所述发动机行驶模式为将所述离合器卡合并至少将所述发动机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式，所述电机行驶模式为将该离合器释放并将所述旋转机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式；(c)当在所述离合器被释放的所述发动机停止时向所述发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在使该离合器滑动卡合而使该发动机进行曲轴旋转并启动后，使该离合器完全卡合；(d)所述混合动力车辆的控制装置的特征在于，在向所述发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在所述离合器达到了预先规定的温度的情况下，将该离合器释放并由所述旋转机产生驱动力而进行行驶，并且以使该离合器的前后的转速同步的方式而对所述发动机的转速进行控制。
第二发明为，在第一发明的混合动力车辆的控制装置中，(a)所述发动机经由所述离合器而与所述旋转机直接连接；(b)为了使所述离合器的前后的转速同步，以使作为该离合器的动力传递路径侧的转速的所述旋转机的转速成为所述发动机的怠速转速的方式而使被设置在该动力传递路径上的变速部变速，并且将该变速后的旋转机的转速作为所述发动机的目标转速而对该发动机进行控制。
发明效果
在这种混合动力车辆的控制装置中，在向发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在离合器达到了预先规定的温度而被释放的情况下，由于以使该离合器的前后的转速同步的方式对发动机的转速实施了控制，因此能够降低在温度下降后使离合器卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移时的冲击(驱动力变动)。由此，无需或者降低了离合器卡合时的转矩补偿，并且，在通过旋转机产生驱动力而进行行驶时，由于能够解除或者缓和用于转矩补偿的转矩的限制，因此能够抑制因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感的情况。
在第二发明中，由于在经由离合器而使发动机与旋转机直接连接的情况下，以使该旋转机的转速成为发动机的怠速转速的方式而使变速部变速，并且将该旋转机的转速作为目标转速而对发动机进行控制，因此其结果为，发动机将以怠速转速作为目标转速而被控制，并且能够通过怠速转速控制装置等高精度且稳定地对发动机转速进行控制，从而能够适当地降低离合器卡合时的冲击。
附图说明
图1为在适当应用了本发明的混合动力车辆的构架图中合并表示控制系统的主要部分的概要结构图。
图2为对通过图1的混合动力控制单元而被执行的发动机行驶模式以及电动机行驶模式进行说明的图。
图3为对通过图1的发动机行驶切换单元而被执行的、向发动机行驶模式进行切换的切换控制进行具体说明的流程图。
图4为表示在按照图3的流程图而向发动机行驶模式进行切换时K0离合器因热故障(热极限)而暂时性地被强制释放时的各个部分的变化的时序图的一个示例。
具体实施方式
虽然离合器优选使用干式或湿式的单板式、多板式的摩擦离合器，但也能够采用磁粉式电磁离合器等的能够滑动卡合(在允许相对旋转的同时传递转矩的卡合)的其他离合器。发动机为通过燃料的燃烧而产生动力的内燃机等，例如经由离合器而与旋转机直接连接，旋转机的设置位置是在离合器释放时使之能够产生驱动力的范围内被适当规定的。虽然作为旋转机能够使用电动机，但也能够采用还具有作为发电机的功能的电动发电机。
发动机行驶模式为，至少将发动机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式，也可以仅将发动机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶，但还可以将发动机以及旋转机双方作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶。虽然向发动机行驶模式的切换为例如随着驾驶员的要求驱动力的増大而从电机行驶模式向发动机行驶模式进行切换的情况，但只要是从至少离合器被释放的发动机停止状态起通过离合器的滑动卡合而使发动机进行曲轴旋转并启动，从而向发动机行驶模式进行切换即可。
离合器以如下的方式被控制，即，例如当超过了由热极限规定的预定的卡合禁止温度时滑动卡合被禁止从而被强制性地释放，另一方面，当成为卡合禁止解除温度以下时则允许实施滑动卡合或完全卡合。虽然离合器温度可以通过温度传感器进行检测，但也能够根据离合器的卡合转矩或滑动卡合时间等而求出发热量或放热量从而等通过计算而将其算出。
虽然在离合器被释放的情况下，为了使离合器的前后的转速同步，而以使发动机的转速成为同步转速(离合器所同步的发动机转速)的方式通过反馈控制等而对发动机实施控制，但也可以像第二发明那样对发动机的转速以及动力传递路径侧的转速的双方进行控制。在经由离合器而使发动机与旋转机直接连接的情况下，只要以使这些转速大致一致的方式进行控制即可，例如将旋转机的实际的转速作为发动机的目标转速而对发动机进行控制即可。即使在发动机与旋转机之间除了离合器之外还存在减速机等的情况下，本发明也能够得以应用，即使在这种情况下，只要在使发动机以怠速转速工作时，以离合器同步的方式对被设置在动力传递路径上的变速部进行变速，则也能够获得与第二发明相同的效果。
作为第二发明的变速部，例如能够利用介于动力传递路径上的自动变速器，并能够通过该自动变速器的变速控制而使离合器的动力传递路径侧的转速变化并将其设为怠速转速。另外，在具有附带锁止离合器的流体式传动装置的情况下，将该锁止离合器作为变速部来使用，并能够通过该锁止离合器的滑动控制而使离合器的动力传递路径侧的转速变化。在实施其他发明时，也可以以怠速转速以外的转速来使之同步。
虽然离合器的前后的转速的同步，是以使这些转速大致一致的方式进行控制的，但是既可以存在由发动机旋转的脉动或控制上的振荡等造成的旋转变动，也可以由于控制的误差等而存在例如数十rpm左右的转速差。
实施例
下面，参照附图来对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
图1为本发明优选适用的混合动力车辆10的包括驱动系统的构架图在内的概要结构图。在该混合动力车辆10中，作为驱动力源而具备通过燃料的燃烧而产生动力的汽油内燃机或柴油发动机等的作为内燃机的发动机12、和作为电动机以及发电机而发挥功能的电动发电机MG。而且，这些发动机12以及电动发电机MG的输出经由涡轮轴16、Cl离合器18而从作为流体式传动装置的转矩变换器14向自动变速器20传递，进一步经由输出轴22、差速齿轮装置24而被传递到左右的驱动轮26上。转矩变换器14具备将泵叶轮与涡轮叶轮直接连接的锁止离合器(LU离合器)30，并且在泵叶轮上一体连接有油泵32，通过利用发动机12或电动发电机MG实施机械性地旋转驱动，从而产生油压并向油压控制装置28进行供给。锁止离合器30能够通过被设置在油压控制装置28上的电磁式的油压控制阀或切换阀等而实施卡合释放，并且能够通过油压控制而在规定的滑动状态下使之被卡合。所述电动发电机MG相当于旋转机。
发动机12具备能够将怠速转速NEidl控制在最低怠速转速NEidl1～最高怠速转速NEidl2的范围内的怠速转速控制阀(ISC阀)等的怠速转速控制装置36。此外，在发动机12与电动发电机MG之间设置有将它们直接连接的K0离合器34。该K0离合器34为，通过油压汽缸而被摩擦卡合的干式或湿式的摩擦离合器。K0离合器34为油压式摩擦卡合装置，并作为将发动机12与动力传递路径连接或断开的连接断开装置而发挥功能。该K0离合器34也通过被设置在油压控制装置28上的油压控制阀或切换阀等而被卡合释放，并且能够通过油压控制而以规定的滑动状态使之卡合。
所述电动发电机MG经由变换器42而与蓄电池44连接。自动变速器20为，通过多个油压式摩擦卡合装置(离合器或制动器)的卡合释放状态而使变速比不同的多个齿轮级成立的行星齿轮机构等的有级的自动变速器，并且所述自动变速器20通过被设置在油压控制装置28上的电磁式的油压控制阀或切换阀等而被实施变速控制。C1离合器18作为自动变速器20的输入离合器而发挥功能，且同样地通过油压控制装置28而被实施卡合释放控制。作为自动变速器20，也能够使用带式等的无级变速器。
所述混合动力车辆10具备电子控制装置70。电子控制装置70以包括具有CPU、ROM、RAM、以及具有输入输出接口等的所谓微型计算机的方式而构成，并且在利用RAM的临时存储功能的同时根据被预先存储于在ROM中的程序而实施信号处理。在该电子控制装置70中，从发动机转速传感器50、MG转速传感器52、加速器操作量传感器54、车速传感器56、离合器温度传感器58中分别被供给有表示发动机12的转速(发动机转速)NE、电动发电机MG的转速(MG转速)NMG、加速踏板的操作量(加速器操作量)Acc、输出轴22的转速(以输出轴转速对应车速V)NOUT、K0离合器34的温度(离合器温度)TK0的信号。此外，还被供给有各种控制所需的各种信息。虽然上述离合器温度传感器58例如对K0离合器34本身的温度进行探测，但是也能够根据卡合转矩(油压)或卡合时间等通过计算而求得，在K0离合器34为湿式离合器的情况下还可以对冷却介质的温度进行检测。加速器操作量Acc与驾驶员的要求驱动力相对应。
所述电子控制装置70功能性地具备混合动力控制单元72、变速控制单元74、发动机行驶切换单元80。混合动力控制单元72通过对发动机12以及电动发电机MG的动作进行控制，从而根据加速器操作量Acc或车速V等的运转状态而对例如将发动机12作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的发动机行驶模式、或将电动发电机MG作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的电动机行驶模式等的预先规定的多个行驶模式实施切换并进行行驶。图2为对发动机行驶模式以及电动机行驶模式进行说明的图，且在发动机行驶模式中，使K0离合器34卡合(O)从而使发动机12连接到动力传递路径上并使发动机12运转(O)。电动发电机MG在加速时等根据需要而辅助性被实施动力运行控制。在电动机行驶模式中，使K0离合器34释放(X)从而使发动机12从动力传递路径上断开，并且使发动机12的运转停止(X)，且根据加速器操作量Acc而对电动发电机MG实施动力运行控制(O)从而进行行驶。在电动机行驶模式下、或者在加速器操作量Acc为零(加速器关闭)的惯性行驶时，在一定的条件下电动发电机MG被实施再生控制从而对蓄电池44进行充电。
变速控制单元74通过对被设置在油压控制装置28上的电磁式的油压控制阀或切换阀等进行控制而对多个油压式摩擦卡合装置的卡合释放状态进行切换，从而根据将加速器操作量Acc或车速V等运转状态作为参数而被预先规定的变速映射图来对自动变速器20的多个齿轮级进行切换。
发动机行驶切换单元80在上述电动机行驶模式下的行驶时通过驾驶员的加速器操作量Acc或车速V的增加等而由混合动力控制单元72实施了向发动机行驶模式进行切换的判断的情况下，使K0离合器34滑动卡合而使发动机12进行曲轴旋转并启动，并且在发动机启动后使K0离合器34完全卡合从而向发动机行驶模式进行切换。另外，还具有如下功能，即，在K0离合器34达到了热极限的情况下，强制性地释放K0离合器34来防止摩擦部件等的损伤，并且实施使K0离合器34的前后的转速同步的同步控制，并在温度下降后在不实施转矩补偿的条件下使K0离合器34卡合从而向发动机行驶模式转移。即，该发动机行驶切换单元80功能性地具备离合器卡合控制单元82、发动机启动控制单元84、以及同步控制单元86，并根据图3的流程图来执行发动机行驶切换控制。图3的步骤S2、S3、S10、S11、S13相当于离合器卡合控制单元82、步骤S14相当于发动机启动控制单元84、步骤S5～S9相当于同步控制单元86。
在图3的步骤S1中，对是否通过混合动力控制单元72作出了向发动机行驶模式切换的切换判定进行判断，并在作出了切换判定时执行步骤S2以下的处理。在步骤S2中，对离合器温度TK0是否为预先设定的卡合禁止温度TK0l以下进行判断，如果TK0≤TK0l，则执行步骤S13以下的处理并实施向发动机行驶模式切换的切换控制。在步骤S13中，使K0离合器34滑动卡合而使发动机12进行曲轴旋转，在步骤S14中，实施燃料供给控制与点火正时控制从而启动发动机12。而且，在发动机12启动后，通过使K0离合器34完全卡合，从而结束向发动机行驶模式的转移。在步骤S15中，对K0离合器34是否被完全卡合而结束了向发动机行驶模式的转移进行判断，并反复执行步骤S2、S13、S14直至转移结束为止。而且，如果转移结束且步骤S15的判断为是(肯定)，则将结束一系列的发动机行驶切换控制。
另一方面，如果以此方式使K0离合器34滑动卡合而使发动机12进行曲轴旋转，则有可能因摩擦发热而使离合器温度TK0上升，进而因过热而损伤摩擦材料等。所述步骤S2的卡合禁止温度TK0l相当于避免K0离合器34的摩擦材料因过热而损伤的热极限，并且当离合器温度TK0超过了其卡合禁止温度TK0l时(K0热故障)，步骤S2的判断将变为否(否定)从而执行步骤S3。在步骤S3中，将禁止K0离合器34的滑动卡合，并强制性地释放K0离合器34。由此，能够在防止K0离合器34的温度进一步上升的同时，通过放热来慢慢降低离合器温度TK0。此外，在步骤S4中，继续进行由电动发电机MG实现的行驶，并且在本实施例中，能够在无需保证在步骤S11中使K0离合器34卡合时用于防止由发动机12的惯性造成的冲击的补偿转矩Tα的条件下，使用至电动发电机MG的最大转矩TMGmax来进行行驶。
在下一步骤S5中，对MG转速NMG、即K0离合器34的动力传递路径侧的转速是否处于发动机12的最低怠速转速NEidl1～最高怠速转速NEidl2的范围内进行判断，如果在该范围内，则直接执行步骤S9。在步骤S9中，作为发动机12的目标转速Net而设定此时的MG转速NMG，并且以使发动机转速NE成为此时的目标转速NEt(＝NMG)的方式、换言之以使K0离合器34的前后的转速同步(大概一致)的方式，而通过所述怠速转速控制装置36的反馈控制等进行控制。
另一方面，在步骤S5的判断为否(否定)的情况下，即MG转速NMG不在怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的情况下，将执行步骤S6，对是否能够通过锁止离合器30的滑动控制而将MG转速NMG变速至该怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内进行判断。即，如果锁止离合器30处于完全卡合的状态，则能够通过降低油压并滑动而利用电动发电机MG的转矩而使MG转速NMG上升某一程度(提升)，如果锁止离合器30处于释放状态，则能够通过使油压上升并滑动而使MG转速NMG降低至与涡轮转速NT一致(下降)。而且，在能够通过锁止离合器30的滑动控制而将MG转速NMG变速至怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的情况下，将执行步骤S7，通过使锁止离合器30滑动，从而使MG转速NMG变速至怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内。锁止离合器30相当于为了同步而使K0离合器34的动力传递路径侧的转速(MG转速NMG)变化的变速部。
在上述步骤S6的判断为否的情况下，即未能够通过锁止离合器30的滑动控制而使MG转速NMG变速至怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的情况下，将执行步骤S8。在步骤S8中，以使MG转速NMG进入到怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的方式而对所述自动变速器20的齿轮级进行切换。自动变速器20相当于为了同步而使K0离合器34的动力传递路径侧的转速(MG转速NMG)变化的变速部。
而且，在上述步骤S7或S8中，在以MG转速NMG进入到怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的方式进行了变速后，执行所述步骤S9，将发动机12的目标转速Net设为此时的MG转速NMG并实施发动机12的怠速转速控制。
在接下来的步骤S10中，对离合器温度TK0是否下降至预先规定的卡合禁止解除温度TK02以下进行判断，并且在离合器温度TK0高于卡合禁止解除温度TK02期间内反复执行所述步骤S4以下的步骤，而当TK0≤TK02时则执行步骤S11以下的步骤。在步骤S11中，使K0离合器34迅速地完全卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移，在步骤S12中，将发动机12转速控制解除，并执行产生与加速器操作量Acc相对应的驱动力的通常的发动机输出控制。在本实施例中，由于使K0离合器34的前后的转速(NE以及NMG)同步了，且由于在步骤S11中在使K0离合器34完全卡合时大致消除了由发动机12的惯性造成的冲击，而且无需由电动发电机MG实施的转矩补偿，因此在所述步骤S4的电动机行驶中无需保证补偿转矩Tα。在对K0离合器34进行卡合控制并重新开始向发动机行驶模式的转移的情况下，上述卡合禁止解除温度TK02被设定为能够在离合器温度TK0达到卡合禁止温度TK0l之前结束转移的程度的温度、且充分低于其卡合禁止温度TK0l的温度。
另外，所述步骤S5～S9的同步控制为，假想在步骤S2的判断成为否时发动机12已经进行自主旋转的情况，在发动机12无法进行自主旋转并停止旋转的情况下，则在不实施步骤S5～S9的同步控制的条件下，在K0离合器34的温度变为卡合禁止解除温度TK02以下之后，执行所述步骤S13～S15从而实施向发动机行驶模式切换的切换控制。
图4为，在加速器操作量Acc＝O、即加速器关闭的惯性行驶时加速踏板被实施了踩踏操作并根据上述图3的流程图而从电机行驶模式向发动机行驶模式进行切换时，因热故障而使K0离合器34被释放，并实施同步控制而向发动机行驶模式转移的情况下的时序图的一个示例。时间t1为，在加速器关闭的惯性行驶时加速踏板被实施踩踏操作的时间，在电动发电机MG的转矩(MG转矩)TMG立即上升的同时，根据从电机行驶模式向发动机行驶模式进行切换的切换判定而使步骤S1的判断成为是(肯定)，从而开始执行步骤S2以下的步骤。由于当初在离合器温度TK0为卡合禁止温度TK0l以下时将执行步骤S13～S15，因此MG转矩TMG被限制为如下的转矩并进行行驶，即被限制为，为了K0离合器34的滑动卡合而与最大转矩TMGmax相比低出补偿转矩Tα的量的转矩。而且，当K0离合器34的滑动卡合开始时(时间t2)，以抵销由发动机12的惯性造成的冲击的方式而增大补偿转矩Tα，并设为最大转矩TMGmax。此外，当以此方式使K0离合器34被滑动卡合时，在发动机12被实施曲轴转动而使发动机转速NE上升的同时，利用摩擦产生的热量而使离合器温度TK0上升。图4的最下层的“K0油压指令值”为使K0离合器34卡合的油压的指令值，并且与传递转矩相对应的实际的油压在活塞进入后(时间t2)开始上升，且基于该传递转矩(滑动卡合)而使发动机12进行曲轴旋转。K0油压指令值＝0，意味着K0离合器34处于释放状态。
时间t3为，因K0离合器34的滑动卡合所产生的热量而使离合器温度TK0超过卡合禁止温度TK0l，从而使步骤S2的判断成为否并开始执行步骤S3以下的各个步骤的时间。即，K0离合器34立即被强制性地释放，并由电动发电机MG产生驱动力而进行行驶，并且以K0离合器34的前后的转速大致一致的方式开始进行同步控制。由于电动发电机MG无需保证补偿转矩Tα，因此使用至最大转矩TMGmax来进行行驶。此外，同步控制为，在K0离合器34的动力传递路径侧的转速、即MG转速NMG处于怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内直接执行步骤S9，并且作为发动机12的目标转速Net而设定此时的MG转速NMG并实施发动机12的怠速转速控制。由此，使得发动机转速NE在怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内与MG转速NMG大致一致。
而且，当通过K0离合器34的强制释放而使离合器温度TK0下降，且成为卡合禁止解除温度TK02以下时(时间t4)，通过步骤S11而重新开始进行K0离合器34的卡合控制并向发动机行驶模式转移。在该情况下，由于K0离合器34的前后的转速(NE以及NMG)被同步，因此即使没有由电动发电机MG实施的转矩补偿，也能够在不产生由发动机12的惯性造成的冲击的条件下使K0离合器34迅速地完全卡合。时间t5为，K0离合器34被完全卡合并使发动机行驶模式成立的时间。
相对于此，在未实施同步控制的情况下，如图4中双点化线所示那样，由于在由K0热故障造成的K0离合器34的强制释放时，在发动机转速NE与MG转速NMG之间存在有转速差，因此在离合器温度TK0成为卡合禁止解除温度TK02以下并对K0离合器34进行卡合控制时，需要提升发动机转速NE，从而会因发动机12的惯性而产生冲击(驱动力的下跌)。为了防止这种现象，虽然需要由电动发电机MG来实施转矩补偿，但如MG转矩TMG一栏中的双点化线所示，为了温度下降后的离合器卡合而需要在对MG转矩TMG限制了与补偿转矩Tα量相对应的量的状态下进行行驶。因此，无法获得足够大的驱动力，并有可能因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感。
如此，本实施例的混合动力车辆10在向发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在K0离合器34的离合器温度TK0超过作为热极限的卡合禁止温度TK01而使K0离合器34被强制性地释放的情况下(步骤S3)，以使该K0离合器34的前后的转速(NE以及NMG)同步的方式对发动机转速NE实施控制(步骤S5～S9)，因此能够降低在温度下降后使K0离合器34卡合而向发动机行驶模式转移时的冲击(驱动力变动)。由此，将不需要该离合器卡合时的转矩补偿，并且在K0热故障时在由电动发电机MG产生驱动力而进行行驶时(步骤S4)，无需保证补偿转矩Tα而能够使用至最大转矩TMGmax的转矩来进行行驶，从而能够抑制因驱动力不足而使驾驶员产生不适感的情况。即，与无同步控制的情况相比，能够以大出补偿转矩Tα的量的转矩而产生驱动力并进行行驶。
此外，在本实施例中，经由K0离合器34而将发动机12与电动发电机MG直接连接，并以使MG转速NMG在发动机12的怠速转速NEidl1～NEidl2的范围内的方式根据需要来实施锁止离合器30的滑动控制与自动变速器20的变速控制，并且将该MG转速NMG作为目标转速Net而实施发动机12的转速控制，因此能够通过怠速转速控制装置36等而以高精度且稳定地对发动机转速NE进行控制，并能够适当地减少K0离合器34卡合时的冲击。
以上，虽然基于附图而对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，但这归根到底只是一个实施方式，根据本领域技术人员的知识本发明能够以施加各种变更、改良的方式而实施。
符号说明
10：混合动力车辆；12：发动机；20：自动变速器(变速部)；30：锁止离合器(变速部)；34：K0离合器(离合器)；58：离合器温度传感器；70：电子控制装置；80：发动机行驶切换单元；82：离合器卡合控制单元；84：发动机启动控制单元；86：同步控制单元；MG：电动发电机(旋转机)；TK0：离合器温度；TK01：卡合禁止温度(预先规定的温度)；NE：发动机转速；NMG：MG转速(动力传递路径侧的转速)；NEidll：最低怠速转速；NEidl2：最高怠速转速。

Claims (2)

1.一种混合动力车辆的控制装置，所述混合动力车辆具备经由离合器而被连接在动力传递路径上的发动机、和至少作为电动机而发挥功能的旋转机，
所述混合动力车辆能够实施发动机行驶模式以及电机行驶模式，所述发动机行驶模式为将所述离合器卡合并至少将所述发动机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式，所述电机行驶模式为将该离合器释放并将所述旋转机作为驱动力源来使用而进行行驶的模式，
并且，当在所述离合器被释放的所述发动机停止时向所述发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在使该离合器滑动卡合而使该发动机进行曲轴旋转并启动后，使该离合器完全卡合，
所述混合动力车辆的控制装置的特征在于，
在向所述发动机行驶模式进行切换时，在所述离合器达到了预先规定的温度的情况下，将该离合器释放并由所述旋转机产生驱动力而进行行驶，并且以使该离合器的前后的转速同步的方式而对所述发动机的转速进行控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合动力车辆的控制装置，其特征在于，
所述发动机经由所述离合器而与所述旋转机直接连接，
为了使所述离合器的前后的转速同步，以使作为该离合器的动力传递路径侧的转速的所述旋转机的转速成为所述发动机的怠速转速的方式而使被设置在该动力传递路径上的变速部变速，并且将该变速后的旋转机的转速作为所述发动机的目标转速而对该发动机进行控制。
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