CN104663233A - Stereoscopic matching cultivation method for greenly and comprehensively preventing and controlling konjak soft rot disease - Google Patents
Stereoscopic matching cultivation method for greenly and comprehensively preventing and controlling konjak soft rot disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663233A CN104663233A CN201510121258.1A CN201510121258A CN104663233A CN 104663233 A CN104663233 A CN 104663233A CN 201510121258 A CN201510121258 A CN 201510121258A CN 104663233 A CN104663233 A CN 104663233A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stereoscopic matching cultivation method for greenly and comprehensively preventing and controlling a konjak soft rot disease. The method disclosed by the invention mainly comprises the following measures of konjak seed treatment, soil treatment, biomimetic condition cultivation and field management. By usage of the stereoscopic matching cultivation method for greenly and comprehensively preventing and controlling the soft rot disease provided by the invention, the pest-disease prevention and control problems in the konjak cultivation process can be effectively solved in respective aspects by utilization of a green comprehensive prevention and control matching technology through utilizing controlled release compound fertilizers, NEB, microbial function fertilizers and Nashi 778 inducers. The stereoscopic matching cultivation method for greenly and comprehensively preventing and controlling the konjak soft rot disease has the advantages that the incidence of the soft rot disease is controlled below 6%, no pesticide residual exists, and the multiplication coefficient reaches 7-9 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of proportion of crop planting technology, particularly relate to a kind of konjak soft rot green composite and prevent and treat three-dimensional corresponding cultivation techniques method.
Background technology
From the eighties in 20th century, Chinese Amorphophallus starts industrialized development, but because starting to walk evening, planting technology never has very big breakthrough, particularly in konjak soft rot prevention, there is no a set of effective method, once meet with soft rot can only look at the underproduction or total crop failure helplessly.
Along with the expansion of konjaku planting scale, its soft rot occurrence degree remains high.Particularly konjak soft rot, the general 30%-50% of the production loss caused, severe patient can reach 80%, even has no harvest.It is that the main germ causing konjaku new district fall ill after remote to adjust kind is originated that kind of taro carries germ; The germ itself existed in the germ that kind of taro is carried and soil makes konjaku cause a disease by root system or other wound infections.Want the generation effectively stoping this disease, germ source should be blocked from source, reduce konjaku wound again and formed.Meanwhile, the germ radix in soil will be reduced as far as possible.For this reason, set up a set of effective diseases prevention technical system and just seem particularly important.
Japan is from the research early in the twentieth century just starting konjak soft rot control, more Zao than China's starting, but does not also find good prevention and treatment method.At present, China is with regard to the relation of the factor such as agricultural management and cropping system and soft rot occurrence injury, and comprehensive research has been carried out in the aspect such as diseases prevention technical measures.The soft rot proposing " utilize disease-resistant variety, applying biological fertilizer makes base fertilizer, medicine bag cover taro and Cotton seeds, long-stalked crop interplanting and the intercropping of taro potato, and the cultivation mode of face, ridge covering etc., uses innoxious medicament in good time " combines anti-technical system.But, there is the residual and environmental pollution of medicine in a large amount of applying pesticides.A large amount of applying pesticides, greenly three-dimensionally combines the method that anti-supporting technology large area soft rot control effect is stabilized in more than 90% and does not have.This method makes every effort to, by affecting field ecosystem Chinese medicine that soft rot occurs, fertilizer, bacterium and the ecotope the more supporting enforcement of combined factors, make konjak soft rot disease control effect be stabilized in more than 90%.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of konjak soft rot green and combine anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, the method is a kind of method for integrated control, comprises four broad aspect such as kind of taro process, soil treatment, planting system, field management, konjaku is planted and obtains high and stable yields.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps:
(1) taro process is planted
Mid-September-early October, konjaku falls before seedling, selects plot that konjaku growing way is good as provenance, has first digging of fragmentary morbidity.Mid-November, fair weather is selected to gather in the crops noon, do kind of taro dig out spread out, dry and make konjaku dehydration 8-12% (naturally coming off with the soil outside konjaku), after the classification of large microspecies taro, every mu with 15-25g agricultural streptomycin (72% soluble powder 3500-4000 times liquid)+150-200g thiophanate methyl (40% colloidal suspending agent 400-600 times liquid) or 15-20g potassium permanganate (1800 times-2300 times) at field Direct spraying, kind of a taro epidermis is allowed to form one deck medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro pathogeny.Frame up, transport to storeroom, built is preserved, every layer of shelf height 23-27cm, take 7-8 layer, the konjaku on shelf puts 2 layers, ventilates, ambient humidity (65%-70%), temperature (5 DEG C-8 DEG C), plants taro dehydration about 8-12% again on the top of the shelf, fumigates.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage
3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m
3fumigate or rhizoma atractylodis 1g/m
3+ tarragon 1g/m
3stifling.The 1-2 days that basks seeds is sorted out, three-in-one bactericide (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 of every 100kg kind taro, weight ratio planting taro before sowing) 5g lower ground after being watered 15-20kg seed soaking.
When framing up, gather materials on the spot according to periphery: comprise foam, straw, sawdust, ash etc.
Kind of taro standard is: without damaged, without going mouldy, without scar, mouth is put down, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is given birth to neatly, in two years konjaku tubercle or root-like stock do kind of taro and carry out classification, every grade of size is basically identical.Plant taro size to be advisable with 100g-500g.
(2) agent, soil treatment method
More than soil layer 50cm should be selected in plot, the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic > 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300m g/kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg,) pH value is at 6.5-7.0, sooner or later in the shade, moist but not ponding, irrigation and drainage are sandy loam easily, ground, preferred gentle slope.Front stubble can not be the plot plantation konjaku of the Solanaceaes such as tobacco and Araceae, as konjaku continuous cropping 2-3 or when having soft rot, and other crop of namely changing crops.Often per muly evenly apply disinfectant powder (Cosan: quicklime: ash=1:25:25, weight ratio) 50kg, then plough 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat.Use sufficient base fertilizer, execute 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (control release type) 100kg+ medium trace element functional fertilizer 20kg+ many kinds of bacillus and the fertile 10kg of the multiple microbial inoculum microbial function of actinomycetes for every mu; Or every mu of pig cow dung+50kg 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (control release type) executing 1000-2000kg and ferment.Field furrow are held together high 20-30cm, deep-cuts drain ditch, lowering of watertable.
45% described sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (control release type) is ternary sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer preferably.
The fertile king of described medium trace element functional fertilizer preferred rare earth alkali resistant getting fat five in one.
Described multiple bacillus and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer preferably six times excellent.
(3) bionical border planting system
The illumination accepted in the every 24h of konjaku controls to strangle at 1.7-2.2 ten thousand, and the usual manner of this area can be adopted to carry out suitable covering.
First apply fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, put one deck earth again, then put kind of a taro, planting taro directly can not contact with base fertilizer, avoids infection rotten, plant taro and will tilt 45 °, reduce ponding and prevent rotten bud, to plant under taro latter every mu and use NEB-26 (every bag of liquid is 65m L) five bags to be watered 15kg to be sprayed in the taro kind that set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quicklime 10-20kg simultaneously, then covering fine and glossy soil is furrow shapes, and kind of a taro is sowed degree of depth 10-20cm.After planting furrow face spreads one deck grass maintenance ground moistening.Planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter.
Konjaku belongs to half cloudy plant, not resistance to strong illumination, and its light saturation point is low, should take measure of shading.If illumination is excessively strong, easily cause photosynthetic efficiency low, and the sharply rising of environmental temperature can be caused, cause leaf portion to burn, increase the weight of soft rot.Therefore, the selection essential factor environment of konjak cultivation shade rate in mid-term and different.
Preferably the mode of covering is:
The low altitude area that, sunshine high in temperature is longer, should adopt higher shade rate, and adopt a line konjaku a line corn, shade rate reaches 60%-90%; The comparatively High aititude region that, sunshine lower in temperature is shorter, adopt two row konjaku a line corns or two row konjaku two row corns, shade rate reaches 60%-35% and is advisable; The high altitude localities shorter and weak at sunshine, temperature is low again, shade rate is less than 40%, adopts three row konjaku a line corns or do not adopt to cover process, covers process and must guard against excessively.
(4) field management
A, weeding ridging
Before konjaku is unearthed after planting, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, remove furrow face weeds (during with interplanting corn, corn capable corn herbicides special envelope grass, weeding) with weed killer herbicide.To exhibition leaf Feng Hangqian after coming up, artificial weeding 2 times.Deeply can not uproot or other weeding by machine with hoe, damaged blade, petiole and root, easily not susceptible after damage; If weeds are severe, available 41% glyphosate orientation sprays konjaku seeding belt.Can not intertill and loosen the soil, mid-June to early July ridging 1-2 time, earth up 5-7cm at every turn.
Because at a time when konjaku exhibition leaf when " changing head ", due to bulb smaller volume, hollow in nest, one is alarmed by the rustling of leaves, and very easily damages fibrous root, manufactures germ and invade chance, so should earth up in time.
Described weed killer herbicide is the conventional weed killer herbicide in this area, as agriculture reach, glyphosate etc.
B, damage by disease and insect green composite are prevented and treated
After planting every mu uses 48% chlopyrifos, 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL to spray furrow face desinsection; Insect pest adopts black light lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) traps and kills adult; Every mu of use 90% chlorophos 800 times of liquid 25-40ml spray, poisoning adult; Egg production peak time manual removal ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot, mainly to put prevention first, until when emergence rate is 15%, uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying.Emergence rate uses confection 2 to carry out even spraying when reaching 70%, confection 1 is used to carry out even spraying after seedling all sprouts, after entering July, every 10-15d spraying once, according to confection 1, confection 2, confection 1, confection 2 ... carry out alternating spray.If meet special climate (rainwater is many, arid) suitably increase number of times, if find that there is soft rot to occur, in confection formula, every mu adds 5g special efficacy three-in-one preparation (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1, weight ratio), continuous spraying three times, determine the duration of spray process according to vegetation growth state and weather condition, spray process proceeds to by the end of September the latest.If find konjak soft rot diseased plant, soil is with to dig out plant immediately; Carry out buried or burn, and being sprinkling upon in hole with quicklime, compacting, preventing germina infection from spreading.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, is watered 15kg; Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered 15kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Points for attention: use during Na Shi 778 and must first be shaken up by mother liquor, sprayer must re-use after wash clean, and any chemical bactericide can not be mixed with Na Shi 778 with insecticide.
The present invention, compared with general planting technology, has the following advantages and effect:
Can avoid being mixed into by kind of a taro process and plant taro in spite of illness and prevent kind of a taro to catch an illness; Soil treatment can be avoided carrying the germs of a disease and kill existing germ in soil in soil, destroys the living environment of germ simultaneously; Sowing pre-treatment can be avoided being mixed into planting taro in spite of illness, also can increase the resistance against diseases of kind of taro; Bionical border planting type can reduce germ chance for survival and filtration fraction sunlight; Field management can invade by omnidistance pre-anti-bacteria; The green such as controlled-release compound fertilizer, NEB, microbial function fertilizer, Na's778 revulsant of this method combines anti-supporting technology, and a series of integrated approach can solve the extermination of disease and insect pest problem of konjaku plantation in all its bearings effectively.Make the soft rot incidence of disease control within 6%, non agricultural chemical residuum, growth coefficient reaches 7-9 doubly.
Embodiment
The reagent that the embodiment of the present invention uses, if not otherwise specified, commercially available all can realize the present invention.Described technical scheme, if not otherwise specified, is the conventional scheme of this area.
The present invention 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (control release type) used is ternary sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer;
Medium trace element functional fertilizer used is the fertile king of rare earth alkali resistant getting fat five in one;
Multiple bacillus used and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertile six times excellent.
Embodiment 1:
Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching:
The plantation point of the present embodiment is located at Nanping township, Enshi State of Hubei Province Lichuan City river East Village, 10 mu.
(1) taro process is planted:
Konjaku falls before seedling, selects plot that konjaku growing way is good as provenance in Nanping township, Enshi State of Hubei Province Lichuan City river East Village, and have excavating of fragmentary morbidity, the plot periphery dug limes.Mid-November, receipts dug konjaku, select without breakage, nothing is gone mouldy, without scar, mouth is flat, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is neat, size does kind of a taro at 100g-200g.Every mu with 25g agricultural streptomycin (72% soluble powder 3500 times liquid)+200g thiophanate methyl (40% colloidal suspending agent 400 times liquid) at field Direct spraying, kind of a taro epidermis is allowed to form one deck medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro pathogeny.Frame up with straw, transport to place, built is preserved, and shelf height 25cm, takes 7 layers, and the konjaku on shelf puts 2 layers, ventilates, ambient humidity 65%-70%, temperature 5-8 DEG C.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage
3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m
3stifling.The 2d that basks seeds is sorted out, three-in-one bactericide (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 of every 100kg kind taro, weight ratio planting taro before sowing) 5g lower ground after being watered 15kg seed soaking.
(2) agent, soil treatment method:
Soil more than the soil layer 50cm selected, the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic > 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg,) pH value is at 6.5-7.0, sooner or later in the shade, moist but not ponding, irrigation and drainage are sandy loam easily, ground, gentle slope.
Before konjaku plantation field, stubble is paddy rice.Often per muly evenly apply disinfectant powder (Cosan: quicklime: ash=1:25:25) 50kg, then plough 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat.Use sufficient base fertilizer, execute 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (control release type) 100kg+ medium trace element functional fertilizer (the fertile king of rare earth alkali resistant getting fat five in one) 20kg+ many kinds of bacillus and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer (six times excellent) 10kg for every mu.Deep-cut drain ditch, lowering of watertable.
(3) bionical border planting system
Adopt a line corn three row konjaku intercropping system: on the face, railway carriage or compartment that the 140cm risen is loose, from the railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch heart to face, railway carriage or compartment 25cm, manage out 4 seed furrows by line-spacing 40cm (the ditch heart is to the ditch heart), sowing furrow width 16cm, dark 12cm.
To plant nest distance: planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter.First apply fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, put the thick earth of one deck 3-5cm again, then kind of a taro is put, plant taro directly to contact with base fertilizer, avoid infection rotten, plant taro and will tilt 45 °, to plant under taro latter every mu and use NEB-26 (every bag of liquid is 65mL) five bags to be watered 15kg to be sprayed in the taro kind that set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quicklime 15kg simultaneously, and then covering the thick fine and glossy soil of 15-18cm is furrow shapes.After planting the thick grass of furrow face paving 3-5cm, keeps ground moistening, and konjaku and Row spacing of maize are at 40cm, and corn plants is apart from 28cm.Corn planting density is about every mu of 1300 strains.
(4) field management
A. April 22, furrow face weeds are removed with glyphosate.May 4 and June 2 each artificial weeding 1 time.June 18 to July 6 respectively earths up 1 time, and earth up 5-7cm at every turn.
B. after planting every mu of use 48% chlopyrifos 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL spray furrow face desinsections; Insect pest adopts black light lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) traps and kills adult; Every mu of use 90% chlorophos 800 times of liquid 25-40ml spray, poisoning adult; Egg production peak time manual removal ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, until when emergence rate is 15%, every mu, with confection 1:80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin, is watered 15kg even spraying; With confection 2:80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g when emergence rate reaches 70%, be watered 15kg second time even spraying; After seedling all sprouts every mu with confection 1:80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin, be watered 15kg even spraying.
Lichuan County, Hubei July 10, July 20, July 30 is according to confection 1, confection 2, the order of confection 1 carries out alternately even spraying, to be used alternatingly in process every mu at above-mentioned two kinds of medicaments and to add 5g special efficacy three-in-one preparation (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1, weight ratio) prevent and treat soft rot.August 10 every mu, with 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin, is watered 15kg even spraying; August 20 is with 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered 15kg second time even spraying, August 30 every mu, with 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate 50-100g+ urea 50g+ washing powder+20g 1,000 ten thousand unit agricultural streptomycin, is watered 15kg even spraying.The konjak soft rot incidence of disease is only 5%.Due in whole process, only application of a small amount of agricultural streptomycin, Pesticides Testing noresidue.Konjaku sowing quantity is 600kg, and results konjaku reaches 4487kg.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, is watered 15kg; Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered 15kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Embodiment 2:
At the thousands of mu of Baoji, Shaanxi province city Fengxiang County experimental cultivation, obtain ideal effect.Area is 500 mu.
(1) taro process is planted:
Mid-September, konjaku fell before seedling, selected plot that konjaku growing way is good as provenance, had first digging of fragmentary morbidity.
Mid-November, fair weather is selected to gather in the crops konjaku noon, select without damaged, without going mouldy, without scar, mouth is put down, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is neat konjaku tubercle or root-like stock do kind of taro and carry out classification, every grade of size is basically identical.Kind of the taro of digging out that kind taro size is advisable with 100g-500g is spread out, dry and make konjaku dehydration about 10% (naturally coming off with the soil outside konjaku), after the classification of large microspecies taro, every mu with 20g potassium permanganate 1800 times of liquid field Direct sprayings, kind of a taro epidermis is allowed to form one deck medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro pathogeny.Ash frames up, and transports to place, and built is preserved, and shelf height about 25cm, takes 7 layers, and the konjaku on shelf puts 2 layers, and note ventilating, ambient humidity 65%-70%, temperature 5-8 DEG C, konjaku kind is dehydration about 10% again on the top of the shelf.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage
3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m
3stifling.Sorting out and bask seeds 2 days planting taro, three-in-one bactericide (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 of every 100kg kind taro, weight ratio before sowing) 5g to be watered after 15kg seed soaking just lowerly.
(2) agent, soil treatment method:
Soil more than the soil layer 50cm selected, the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic > 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg,) pH value is at 6.5-7.0, sooner or later in the shade, moist but not ponding, irrigation and drainage are sandy loam easily, ground, gentle slope.
Front stubble is the field soil plantation konjaku of corn.Often per muly evenly apply disinfectant powder (Cosan: quicklime: ash=1:25:25) 50kg, then plough 30cm.Execute pig cow dung+50kg 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer (the control release type)+multiple bacillus and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer (six times excellent) 10kg that 1000-2000kg ferments for every mu.Field furrow are held together high 30cm, deep-cuts drain ditch, lowering of watertable.
(3) bionical border planting system
A line corn two row konjaku intercropping system.On the face, railway carriage or compartment that the 100cm risen is wide, from the railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch heart to face, railway carriage or compartment 25cm, manage out 3 seed furrows by line-spacing 40cm (the ditch heart is to the ditch heart), sowing furrow width 16cm, dark 12cm.
First apply fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, put one deck earth again, then put kind of a taro, notice that kind of a taro directly can not contact with excrement, avoid infection rotten, plant taro and will tilt 45 °, reduce ponding and prevent rotten bud, to plant under taro latter every mu and use NEB-26 (every bag of liquid is 65mL) five bags to be watered 15kg to be sprayed in the taro kind that set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quicklime 16kg simultaneously, then covering fine and glossy soil is furrow shapes, plants taro and to sow degree of depth 10-15cm.Planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter.After planting furrow face spreads the thick grass of one deck 3-5cm, keeps ground moistening.Konjaku and corn, corn and Row spacing of maize are 40cm, and corn plants is apart from 30cm.Corn planting density is about every mu of 1700 strains.
(4) field management
Before konjaku is unearthed after planting, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, with agriculture reach, the weed killer herbicide such as glyphosate removes furrow face weeds.To exhibition leaf Feng Hangqian after coming up, artificial weeding 2 times.Mid-June to early July earths up 1 time, ridging 5cm.
After planting every mu uses 48% chlopyrifos, 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL to spray furrow face desinsection; Insect pest adopts black light lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) traps and kills adult; Every mu of use 90% chlorophos 800 times of liquid 25-40ml spray, poisoning adult; Egg production peak time manual removal ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, when emergence rate is 15%, every mu, in time with confection 1:80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, is watered 15kg even spraying; When emergence rate reaches 70% every mu with confection 2:80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered the spraying of 15kg second time, after seedling all sprouts every mu with confection 1:80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, be watered 15kg even spraying and carry out third time spraying.
After entering July, every 15d that (comprised July 15) from July 15 according to confection 1, confection 2, confection 1 ... order carry out alternately even spraying, one until August 30.Find konjak soft rot diseased plant, be with soil to dig out plant immediately; Carry out buried or burn, and being sprinkling upon in hole with quicklime, compacting, preventing germina infection from spreading.The konjak soft rot incidence of disease is only 4%.Due in whole process, only application of a small amount of agricultural streptomycin, Pesticides Testing noresidue.Konjaku sowing quantity is 500kg, and results konjaku reaches 4672kg.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, is watered 15kg; Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered 15kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Claims (2)
1. konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps:
(1) taro process is planted
Mid-September-early October, konjaku falls before seedling, selects plot that konjaku growing way is good as provenance, has first digging of fragmentary morbidity; Mid-November, fair weather is selected to gather in the crops noon, do kind of taro dig out spread out, dry and make konjaku dehydration 8-12%, after the classification of large microspecies taro, every mu with 15-25g agricultural streptomycin 3500-4000 times of liquid+150-200g thiophanate methyl 400-600 times of liquid or 15-20g potassium permanganate 1800 times of-2300 times of liquid at field Direct spraying; Frame up, transport to storeroom, built is preserved, every layer of shelf height 23-27cm, and take 7-8 layer, the konjaku on shelf puts 2 layers, ventilates, ambient humidity 65%-70%, temperature 5 DEG C-8 DEG C, plants taro dehydration about 8-12% again on the top of the shelf, fumigates; With 40% formaldehyde 10mL/m
3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m
3fumigate or rhizoma atractylodis 1g/m
3+ tarragon 1g/m
3stifling; The 1-2 days that basks seeds is sorted out, three-in-one bactericide (Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1 of every 100kg kind taro, weight ratio planting taro before sowing) 5g lower ground after being watered 15-20kg seed soaking;
Kind of taro standard is: without damaged, without going mouldy, without scar, mouth is put down, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is given birth to neatly, in two years konjaku tubercle or root-like stock do kind of taro and carry out classification, every grade of size is basically identical; Plant taro size to be advisable with 100g-500g;
(2) agent, soil treatment method
More than soil layer 50cm should be selected in plot, and the soil is porous, fertile soil, pH value at 6.5-7.0, sooner or later in the shade, moist but not ponding, irrigation and drainage are sandy loam easily; Front stubble can not be the plot plantation konjaku of the Solanaceaes such as tobacco and Araceae, as konjaku continuous cropping 2-3 or when having soft rot, and other crop of namely changing crops; Often per muly evenly apply disinfectant powder 50kg, then plough 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat; Use sufficient base fertilizer, execute 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer 100kg+ medium trace element functional fertilizer 20kg+ many kinds of bacillus and the fertile 10kg of the multiple microbial inoculum microbial function of actinomycetes for every mu; Or every mu of pig cow dung+50kg 45% sulfur-bearing composite fertilizer executing 1000-2000kg and ferment; Field furrow are held together high 20-30cm, deep-cuts drain ditch, lowering of watertable;
Described disinfectant powder is: Cosan: quicklime: ash=1:25:25, weight ratio;
(3) bionical border planting system
The illumination accepted in the every 24h of konjaku controls to strangle at 1.7-2.2 ten thousand, and the usual manner of this area can be adopted to carry out suitable covering;
First apply fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, put one deck earth again, then put kind of a taro, planting taro directly can not contact with base fertilizer, avoids infection rotten, plant taro and will tilt 45 °, reduce ponding and prevent rotten bud, to plant under taro latter every mu and use NEB-26 five bags to be watered 15kg to be sprayed in the taro kind that set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quicklime 10-20kg simultaneously, then covering fine and glossy soil is furrow shapes, and kind of a taro is sowed degree of depth 10-20cm; After planting furrow face spreads one deck grass maintenance ground moistening; Planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter;
(4) field management
A, weeding ridging
Konjaku in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, removes furrow face weeds with weed killer herbicide before being unearthed after planting; To exhibition leaf Feng Hangqian after coming up, artificial weeding 2 times; Deeply can not uproot or other weeding by machine with hoe, damaged blade, petiole and root, easily not susceptible after damage; If weeds are severe, available 41% glyphosate orientation sprays konjaku seeding belt; Can not intertill and loosen the soil, mid-June to early July ridging 1-2 time, earth up 5-7cm at every turn;
B, damage by disease and insect green composite are prevented and treated
After planting every mu uses 48% chlopyrifos, 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL to spray furrow face desinsection; Insect pest adopts black light lamp, sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult; Every mu of use 90% chlorophos 800 times of liquid 25-40ml spray, poisoning adult; Egg production peak time manual removal ovum and larva;
Konjak soft rot, mainly to put prevention first, until when emergence rate is 15%, uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying; Emergence rate uses confection 2 to carry out even spraying when reaching 70%; Confection 1 is used to carry out even spraying after seedling all sprouts; After entering July, every 10-15d spraying once, according to confection 1, confection 2, confection 1, confection 2 ... carry out alternating spray; If meet special climate suitably increase number of times, if find that there is soft rot to occur, in confection formula, every mu adds the three-in-one preparation of 5g special efficacy and sprays continuously three times, and determine the duration of spray process according to vegetation growth state and weather condition, spray process proceeds to by the end of September the latest; If find konjak soft rot diseased plant, soil is with to dig out plant immediately; Carry out buried or burn, and being sprinkling upon in hole with quicklime, compacting, preventing germina infection from spreading;
The three-in-one preparation of described special efficacy is Niao Suan ︰ Tou Bao ︰ thiophene furan bacterium=1 ︰ 1 ︰ 1, weight ratio;
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother liquor+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g urea+50g washing powder+20g agricultural streptomycin 1,000 ten thousand unit, is watered 15kg; Described formula is every mu of consumption;
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+washing powder 50g, be watered 15kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
2. method according to claim 1, the mode of covering described in step (3) is:
The low altitude area that, sunshine high in temperature is longer, should adopt higher shade rate, and adopt a line konjaku a line corn, shade rate reaches 60%-90%; The comparatively High aititude region that, sunshine lower in temperature is shorter, adopt two row konjaku a line corns or two row konjaku two row corns, shade rate reaches 60%-35% and is advisable; The high altitude localities shorter and weak at sunshine, temperature is low again, shade rate is less than 40%, adopts three row konjaku a line corns or do not adopt to cover process, covers process and must guard against excessively.
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