CN109041643A - A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot - Google Patents
A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot Download PDFInfo
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- CN109041643A CN109041643A CN201810984555.2A CN201810984555A CN109041643A CN 109041643 A CN109041643 A CN 109041643A CN 201810984555 A CN201810984555 A CN 201810984555A CN 109041643 A CN109041643 A CN 109041643A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot, the following steps are included: 1. choosing seeds: the taro kind of selection being dressed seed with quick lime or the limewash of 50~100 times of liquid+mass concentrations 20% of formalin of fifty-fifty amount impregnates 20~30min, then is individually stored；2. seed soaking: 40% 1000~1500 liquid of carbendazim glue suspension of mass concentration of the fifty-fifty amount of the taro kind of storage+1000~1500 times of DDVP liquid being soaked seed 30~40min, or with 4~5h of 200mg/L agriculture streptomysin seed soaking；3. basking seeds: the taro kind after seed soaking being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds 5~6 days；4. viral diagnosis；5. the processing of planting site: needing to be sprinkled into 2~3kg of 50~100kg of quick lime or potassium permanganate per acre in planting site；6. the prevention and management in growth period.The present invention has just carried out stringent control to soil and taro kind before planting, utilizes reasonable prevention and cure measures in growth period, has reached the prevention and treatment and control to soft rot, reduced the spread speed and disease incidence of soft rot to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pesticide planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot.
Background technique
Konjaku, You Cheng Amorphophalus rivieri taro.For Araeceae, the general term of konjaku platymiscium, also known as terrible taro, terrible head, flower lotus bar, snake six
Paddy etc..Konjaku underground stem tuber is oblate, konjaku starch-containing 35%, protein 3% and the mines such as multivitamin and potassium, phosphorus, selenium
Material element, the konjac polysaccharide also wanted containing necessary for human, i.e. glucomannan have low in calories, low up to 45% or more
The characteristics of fat and high-cellulose.Konjaku underground stem tuber can be processed into konjak tofu, Konjak fine dried noodle, konjaku bread, konjaku sliced meat,
The numerous foods such as fruit juice konjaku silk.Konjak food has hypoglycemic, lowering blood pressure and blood fat, body-building and weight-reducing, anticancer and other effects of curing the disease,
And " magic power food ", " magical food ", " healthy food " etc. are described as by people.Konjaku is can manually to extract glucomannan
One of a small number of plants.Glucomannan viscosity is extra-high, is dissolved in water, and dilation is especially big in water, has specific biology living
Property.In addition to medicine, glucomannan weaving, printing and dyeing, makeup, ceramics, fire-fighting, environmental protection, military project, in terms of all
Have been widely used.
Since the 80's of 20th century, konjaku has become one of main branch strain industry of China central and west regions economy.Evil spirit
Taro industry breeds unlimited business opportunity, and in entire konjaku industrial chain, most weak and most unstable link is precisely source
Industry-konjaku planting industry.The maximum " bottleneck " for influencing konjaku plant production development is exactly the prevention and treatment problem of konjak soft rot.Konjaku
Soft rot is the bacterial disease that a kind of pair of konjaku plant has very big infecting potential and the destruction, " cancer for konjaku of being known as
Disease " is the plant disease as caused by carrot soft rot European bacillus, and the tissue of plant or organ can be made to occur to rot.The germ is equal
For weak parasite, the organ of the succulence plumpness for plant of mainly causing harm, such as root tuber, stem tuber, fruit, stem foot, morbidity are not limited to field
Between, also there is generation with storage period in transit.Konjak soft rot propagation is propagated generally by provenance stem tuber and soil,
Once soft rot occurs, Amorphophallus Yield loss can reach 80% or more up to 30%~50% sometimes when disease occurs serious
It even has no harvest, seriously affects the enthusiasm of peasant planting konjaku.
Currently, the research report about konjak soft rot prevention is also very much, but till now, to konjak soft rot
Prevention and treatment forms effective control method not yet, also only resides within the pouring root to soil treatment, Medicament soaked seed and later period medicament
Processing, the effect of soil treatment is preferable, but many soil fungicides toxicity sold in the market are high, to the destruction of soil after use
Property it is big, and dosage is big, investment it is at high cost, Medicament soaked seed sterilizes that the lasting period is short, and preventive effect is poor, and the chemical agriculture in later period
The usage amount of medicine root irrigation, medicament is big, huge to the safety effects of environment and konjaku, can be tight commonly using chemical pesticide
It is the phenomenon that quality and quality of the influence konjaku of weight, there are medicament residues, serious to constrain the sustainable development of food safety
Exhibition.Therefore, develop a kind of control method is simple, control efficiency is good, disease incidence is low, it is environmentally protective, be able to achieve stable high yield,
And the method for integrated control for the konjak soft rot that can be widely applied is desirability.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, it is simple, anti-that the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of control methods
Control effect is good, disease incidence is low, it is environmentally protective, be able to achieve stable high yield, and the konjak soft rot that can be widely applied is comprehensive
Close control method.
A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot of the present invention, the following steps are included:
1. seed selection: in konjaku planting site according to the choosing of first piece, again block choosing, after the seed selection mode selected good strains in the field for seed select not no Disease Characters
Healthy plant is excavated, excavation go after mud select without it is damaged, without it is rotten, without the smooth generation son taro in scar, surface as taro
Kind, selected taro kind dressed seed with quick lime later or with 50~100 times of liquid+mass concentrations of formalin of fifty-fifty amount
20% limewash impregnates 20~30min, then is individually stored, and the dosage of the quick lime is the 10~20% of taro kind quality；
2. seed soaking: by the 40% carbendazim glue suspension 1000~1500 of mass concentration of the fifty-fifty amount of the taro kind individually stored before sowing
1000~1500 times of liquid of liquid+DDVP are soaked seed 30~40min, or with 200mg/L agriculture streptomysin 4~5h of seed soaking, are prohibited during seed soaking
Taro kind is only stirred, taro kind excoriation is prevented；
3. basking seeds: the taro kind after 2. step is soaked seed being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds, basking seeds 5~6 days can be sowed, and be basked seeds
Taro kind is layered on vacant lot and dries when daily daytime is sunny by period, and dusk post sunset, which needs taro kind picking up receipts, to be placed on
Interior, and when basking seeds, it needs to ted daily taro kind 1~2 time, needs to monitor the temperature inside taro kind, temperature while tedding
It need to control at 20 DEG C hereinafter, preventing the excessively high influence germination percentage of taro kind internal temperature；
4. viral diagnosis: being sampled detection to the taro kind after basking seeds, can be sowed after detection is qualified；
5. the processing of planting site: konjaku planting site before site preparation, need to be sprinkled into per acre 50~100kg of quick lime or potassium permanganate 2~
3kg, then solarization soil is ploughed deeply 7~15 days to plot；And then qualified 50% rizolex wettable of taro kind will be 4. detected through step
It is sowed after pulvis seed dressing；
6. the prevention and management in growth period: after konjaku lamina, every 7~10 days, spraying fungicide 3~4 times, the method sprayed
For spraying or pouring root, and in the growth period of konjaku, such as finds konjak soft rot plant, diseased plant should be handled in time, processing
Method is: diseased plant dug together together with rhizome soil, is put into the limewash of mass concentration 2~5% and impregnates 5 days or more, and
It is filled with the limewash of mass concentration 2~5% into the sick nest for digging out diseased plant, then mixes limewash and the soil in sick nest thoroughly, and
It also needs to carry out pouring root to the plant within the scope of 1~2m around diseased plant with the lime water of mass concentration 2~5%, every 7~10
Its filling is applied primary, and continuous fill is applied 2~3 times, while pouring root, can carry out suitable foliage-spray.
The beneficial effect comprise that: first is that the stringent mode for controlling seed selection, while to excavation, storage after
Taro kind carries out seed soaking sterilization, using reasonable fungicide and seed soaking measure, has fundamentally prevented the propagation of germ, to greatest extent
The spread speed and disease incidence for reducing soft rot；Second is that extending the time basked seeds, the time of basking seeds is 5~6 days, by 5
Basking seeds after~6 days will thoroughly can be possible to the European bacillus of infection carrot soft rot and kill in taro kind, due to carrot soft rot
The most proper temperature of European bacillus growth and development be 25~30 DEG C, 40 DEG C of maximum temperature, 2 DEG C of minimum temperature, the germ light fugitive,
It intolerant to drying, is exposed to the sun in the sunlight 2 hours, most of dead, the time of basking seeds of the invention is 5~6 days, is to guarantee can be thoroughly
Under the premise of killing germ, the emergence rate of taro kind can be improved to the greatest extent, reduce disease incidence；Third is that being sterilized to soil
Processing, can be to avoid carrying the germs of a disease and kill existing germ in soil in soil, while can also destroy the existence ring of germ
Border；Fourth is that periodically sprinkling fungicide in growth period, various pathogenic microorganisms can be further killed, enhance the disease-resistant energy of konjaku
Power reduces the generation of a variety of diseases, enhances the resistance of konjaku, uses special processing mode simultaneously for the plant for having disease
Processing, avoids the sprawling of germ.
The present invention has just carried out stringent control to soil and taro kind before planting, growth period using reasonable prevention and
Control measures have reached prevention and treatment and control to soft rot, reduce the spread speed and disease incidence of soft rot to the greatest extent,
Compared with traditional control method, the growing environment of konjaku is not only improved to the greatest extent, reduces the use of chemical pesticide,
Soil effectively is improved, greatly improves the yield and quality of konjaku, and obvious to the control efficiency of soft rot, it can be with
Reach 99% or more therapeutic effect, the bacterium in soil can be killed in time, the disease incidence of soft rot is preferably minimized, be one
Safe and environment-friendly, the effective control measure of item, is easy to promote the use of a large area.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but the present invention is limited in any way,
Based on present invention teach that it is made it is any transform or replace, all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot described in the present embodiment 1, the following steps are included:
1. seed selection: in konjaku planting site according to the choosing of first piece, again block choosing, after the seed selection mode selected good strains in the field for seed select no Disease Characters
Healthy plant excavated, when carrying out piece to planting site and selecting, the cultivated area in plot is required at 100 mu or more, the hair of plant
Sick rate requires control 5% hereinafter, when block selects, and the cultivated area in plot requires to be 1~10 mu, and the disease incidence of plant requires control
1% hereinafter, when selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is desirable that the disease incidence of plant is zero, and excavation goes selection after mud to rot, without damaged, nothing without scar, surface
Smooth generation son taro later dresses seed selected taro kind with quick lime as taro kind, then is individually stored, quick lime
Dosage is the 10~20% of taro kind quality；
2. seed soaking: taro kind first impregnates 30min with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% before seed soaking, then is rushed with clear water
Taro kind liquor potassic permanganate remained on surface is washed off, and is spread out in dark ventilation and dries moisture, later by the fifty-fifty amount of taro kind
40% 1000 liquid of carbendazim glue suspension of mass concentration+1000 times of DDVP liquid soak seed 30min, it is stronger more using sterilizing ability
Bacterium spirit and DDVP mixed liquor can thoroughly kill the germ that storage period ganoid konjaku taro surface is had, forbid stirring during seed soaking
Taro kind prevents taro kind excoriation；
3. basking seeds: the taro kind after 2. step is soaked seed being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds, basking seeds 5 days can be sowed, and be basked seeds 5 days
The intralesional for having infected ganoid konjaku taro can not only be killed, taro kind pathogen is thoroughly removed, takes care of yourself taro kind itself without cause of disease
Body, and can guarantee the bud ratio of taro kind, during basking seeds, when daily daytime is sunny, taro kind is layered on vacant lot and is dried in the air
Shine, dusk post sunset needs to pick up taro kind receipts and is placed on interior, bask seeds daytime the time can in the morning 10:00 to 5:00 in afternoon, and
When basking seeds, needs to ted daily taro kind 1~2 time, need to monitor the temperature inside taro kind while tedding, temperature need to control
20 DEG C hereinafter, prevent the excessively high influence germination percentage of taro kind internal temperature；
4. viral diagnosis: being sampled detection to the taro kind after basking seeds, can be sowed after detection is qualified, pass through sampling Detection
The taro kind to carry the germs of a disease, which can effectively be controlled, after planting causes the large area of soft rot to propagate, can be according to storage when detection
That a collection of taro kind quantity, first randomly select the sample of taro kind quantity 5%, if not finding the germ of soft rot after detection,
It can sow, if it find that there is the germ of soft rot, then the taro kind of the taro kind and surrounding that have germ that need will test carries out single
Solely disinfection treatment, and must not be as the sowing of taro kind in planting site, while needing to increase the quantity of sampling observation；
5. the processing of planting site: konjaku planting site needs to be sprinkled into quick lime 50kg and again plough deeply plot to shine soil 7 per acre before site preparation
It；Soil is sterilized using quick lime, allows konjaku in entire growth and development process in no pathogeny environment, and then
It is sowed 4. being detected after qualified taro kind is dressed seed with 50% rizolex wettable powder through step, taro kind can be made by seed dressing
In closed state, germ in the external environments such as soil, fertilizer is separated and has immersed taro kind, depositing for soft rot is eliminated from source
?；
6. the prevention and management in growth period: after konjaku lamina, every 7 days, alternating sprayed 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder
3000 times of liquid and 1~2% plant sterilization of mass concentration 3 times, the method sprayed are spraying or pouring root, wherein bactericide by with
Lower raw material is made: 20~30 parts of common fig leaf juice, 15~20 parts of phoenix tree leaf of pumping, 15~20 parts of cacumen biotae, loguat leaf 15~
20 parts, 10~15 parts of the sterculia seed, 10~15 parts of ox fat person, 10~15 parts of blackberry lily, 5~10 parts of garlic and 5~10 parts of Radix Isatidis, will
All raw materials crush, and cross 20~30 meshes, and the alcoholic solution of the volumetric concentration 75% of 80~100 times of all raw material weights amounts is added,
40~60min is impregnated, bactericide can be obtained in 40~50 DEG C, 35~40HZ ultrasound, 1~5h, filtering, drying, the plant
The bactericidal effect of fungicide is significant, and produced using pure natural plant, green, health, environmental protection, use agriculture after use
There can be preferable control efficiency to soft rot with streptomysin, and in the growth period of konjaku, such as find konjak soft rot plant,
Diseased plant should be handled in time, the method for processing is: diseased plant being dug together together with rhizome soil, is put into mass concentration 2%
Impregnate 5 days or more in limewash, and filled with the limewash of mass concentration 2% into the sick nest for digging out diseased plant, then by limewash with
Soil in sick nest is mixed thoroughly, and needs to fill the plant within the scope of 1m around diseased plant with the lime water of mass concentration 2%
Root filled every 7 days and applies primary, and continuous fill is applied 2 times, while pouring root, suitable foliage-spray can be carried out, using limewash to life
The plant of disease is handled, and can quickly kill the germ on diseased plant, the completely isolated of diseased plant and healthy plant is realized, to sick nest
And the processing that around carries out disinfection, it is the sprawling in order to avoid soft rot.
The present embodiment 1 is sterilized, is basked seeds using seed soaking, soil disinfection and the green composite to put prevention first prevent and treat matching technology,
A series of method for integrated control can soft rot incidence be high during effective solution konjak cultivation in all its bearings asks
Topic can be such that the disease incidence of konjak soft rot controls within 5%, to soft rot using the method cultivating konjak of the present embodiment 1
Control efficiency it is more obvious, and during entire prevention and treatment, the usage amount of chemical bactericide is smaller, after Pesticides Testing, evil spirit
Taro itself is without pesticide residue, the superior product quality of konjaku.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot described in the present embodiment 2, the following steps are included:
1. seed selection: in konjaku planting site according to the choosing of first piece, again block choosing, after the seed selection mode selected good strains in the field for seed select no Disease Characters
Healthy plant excavated, when carrying out piece to planting site and selecting, the cultivated area in plot is required at 100 mu or more, the hair of plant
Sick rate requires control 3% hereinafter, when block selects, and the cultivated area in plot requires to be 1~10 mu, and the disease incidence of plant requires control
0.7% hereinafter, when selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is desirable that the disease incidence of plant is zero, and excavation goes selection after mud to rot, without damaged, nothing without scar, table
The smooth generation son taro in face is impregnated with the limewash of 50 times of liquid+mass concentrations 20% of the formalin of fifty-fifty amount later as taro kind
20min, then individually stored, the mixed liquor seed dressing storage of formalin and limewash can eliminate taro kind epidermis have it is soft
Maize ear rot germ and the growth for avoiding germ；
2. seed soaking: by the taro kind 200mg/L agriculture streptomysin individually stored 4~5h of seed soaking before sowing, soaked seed using agriculture streptomysin,
The bactericidal properties of agriculture streptomysin are strong, can thoroughly kill the germ that storage period ganoid konjaku taro surface is had, forbid stirring during seed soaking
Taro kind prevents taro kind excoriation；
3. basking seeds: the taro kind after 2. step is soaked seed being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds, basking seeds 5 days can be sowed, and be basked seeds 5 days
The intralesional for having infected ganoid konjaku taro can not only be killed, taro kind pathogen is thoroughly removed, takes care of yourself taro kind itself without cause of disease
Body, and can guarantee the bud ratio of taro kind, during basking seeds, when daily daytime is sunny, taro kind is layered on vacant lot and is dried in the air
It shines, dusk post sunset, which needs taro kind picking up receipts, is placed on interior, and when basking seeds, needs to ted daily taro kind 1~2 time, ted
While need to monitor temperature inside taro kind, temperature need to be controlled at 20 DEG C hereinafter, preventing the excessively high influence hair of taro kind internal temperature
Bud rate；
4. viral diagnosis: being sampled detection to the taro kind after basking seeds, can be sowed after detection is qualified, pass through sampling Detection
The taro kind to carry the germs of a disease, which can effectively be controlled, after planting causes the large area of soft rot to propagate, can be according to storage when detection
That a collection of taro kind quantity, first randomly select the sample of taro kind quantity 8%, if not finding the germ of soft rot after detection,
It can sow, if it find that there is the germ of soft rot, then the taro kind of the taro kind and surrounding that have germ that need will test carries out single
Solely disinfection treatment, and must not be as the sowing of taro kind in planting site, while needing to increase the quantity of sampling observation；；
5. the processing of planting site: konjaku planting site needs to be sprinkled into potassium permanganate 3kg per acre before site preparation, then ploughs deeply solarization soil to plot
12 days；Soil is sterilized using potassium permanganate, allows konjaku in entire growth and development process in no pathogeny environment, it
Afterwards, then by 4. being detected after qualified taro kind is dressed seed with plant ash through step it sows, taro kind can be made to be in closing by seed dressing
State has separated germ in the external environments such as soil, fertilizer and has immersed taro kind, the presence of soft rot is eliminated from source；
6. the prevention and management in growth period: after konjaku lamina, every 8 days, alternating sprayed 4000~4500 times of liquid of new phytomycin
With 500~1000 times of 75% fenaminosulf wettable powder liquid 4 times, the method sprayed is spraying or pouring root, and in the growth of konjaku
Phase such as finds konjak soft rot plant, should handle in time diseased plant that the method for processing is: by diseased plant together with rhizome soil one
And dig, it is put into the limewash of mass concentration 3.5% and impregnates 5 days or more, and filled with the limewash of mass concentration 3.5% into digging
Out in the sick nest of diseased plant, then limewash and the soil in sick nest are mixed thoroughly, and need the lime water with mass concentration 3.5%
Pouring root is carried out to the plant within the scope of 1.5m around diseased plant, was filled every 8 days and applies primary, continuous fill is applied 2 times, can while pouring root
Suitable foliage-spray is carried out, sick plant is handled using limewash, can quickly kill the germ on diseased plant, it is real
Existing diseased plant and healthy plant it is completely isolated, carry out disinfection processing to sick nest and surrounding, be the sprawling in order to avoid soft rot.
The present embodiment 2 is sterilized, is basked seeds using seed soaking, soil disinfection and the green composite to put prevention first prevent and treat matching technology,
A series of method for integrated control can soft rot incidence be high during effective solution konjak cultivation in all its bearings asks
Topic can be such that the disease incidence of konjak soft rot controls within 4.3%, to soft corruption using the method cultivating konjak of the present embodiment 2
The control efficiency of disease is more obvious, and during entire prevention and treatment, the usage amount of chemical bactericide is smaller, after Pesticides Testing,
Konjaku itself is without pesticide residue, the superior product quality of konjaku.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot described in the present embodiment 3, the following steps are included:
1. seed selection: in konjaku planting site according to the choosing of first piece, again block choosing, after the seed selection mode selected good strains in the field for seed select no Disease Characters
Healthy plant excavated, when carrying out piece to planting site and selecting, the cultivated area in plot is required at 100 mu or more, the hair of plant
Sick rate requires control 1% hereinafter, when block selects, and the cultivated area in plot requires to be 1~10 mu, and the disease incidence of plant requires control
0.1% hereinafter, when selecting good strains in the field for seed, it is desirable that the disease incidence of plant is zero, and excavation goes selection after mud to rot, without damaged, nothing without scar, table
The smooth generation son taro in face is as taro kind, later by 100 times of liquid+mass concentrations of formalin of the fifty-fifty amount of selected taro kind
20% limewash impregnates 30min, then is individually stored, and the mixed liquor seed dressing storage of formalin and limewash can be eliminated
The soft rot germ that taro kind epidermis has and the growth for avoiding germ；
2. seed soaking: taro kind first impregnates 60min with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.2% before seed soaking, then is rushed with clear water
Taro kind liquor potassic permanganate remained on surface is washed off, and after dark ventilation spreads out and dries moisture, then by the fifty-fifty amount of taro kind
40% 1500 liquid of carbendazim glue suspension of mass concentration+1500 times of DDVP liquid soak seed 40min, it is stronger more using sterilizing ability
Bacterium spirit and DDVP mixed liquor can thoroughly kill the germ that storage period ganoid konjaku taro surface is had, forbid stirring during seed soaking
Taro kind prevents taro kind excoriation；
3. basking seeds: the taro kind after 2. step is soaked seed being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds, basking seeds 6 days can be sowed, and be basked seeds 6 days
The intralesional for having infected ganoid konjaku taro can not only be killed, taro kind pathogen is thoroughly removed, takes care of yourself taro kind itself without cause of disease
Body, and can guarantee the bud ratio of taro kind, during basking seeds, when daily daytime is sunny, taro kind is layered on vacant lot and is dried in the air
It shines, dusk post sunset, which needs taro kind picking up receipts, is placed on interior, and when basking seeds, needs to ted daily taro kind 1~2 time, ted
While need to monitor temperature inside taro kind, temperature need to be controlled at 20 DEG C hereinafter, preventing the excessively high influence hair of taro kind internal temperature
Bud rate；
4. viral diagnosis: being sampled detection to the taro kind after basking seeds, can be sowed after detection is qualified, pass through sampling Detection
The taro kind to carry the germs of a disease, which can effectively be controlled, after planting causes the large area of soft rot to propagate, can be according to storage when detection
That a collection of taro kind quantity, the sample of taro kind quantity 10% is first randomly selected, if not finding the disease of soft rot after detection
Bacterium can be sowed, if it find that there is the germ of soft rot, then the taro kind of the taro kind and surrounding that have germ that need will test carries out
Individually disinfection treatment, and must not be as the sowing of taro kind in planting site, while needing to increase the quantity of sampling observation；
5. the processing of planting site: konjaku planting site needs to be sprinkled into quick lime 100kg per acre before site preparation, then ploughs deeply solarization soil to plot
15 days, soil is sterilized using quick lime, allows konjaku in entire growth and development process in no pathogeny environment；Later,
It will 4. detect after qualified taro kind is dressed seed with 50% rizolex wettable powder and sow through step again, taro can be made by seed dressing
Kind is in closed state, has separated germ in the external environments such as soil, fertilizer and has immersed taro kind, depositing for soft rot is eliminated from source
?；
6. the prevention and management in growth period: after konjaku lamina, every 10 days, alternating sprayed 4000~4500 times of liquid of new phytomycin
With 600~800 times of 50% generation gloomy peace liquid 4 times, the method sprayed is spraying or pouring root, and in the growth period of konjaku, such as finds konjaku
Soft rot plant should handle diseased plant in time, and the method for processing is: diseased plant being dug together together with rhizome soil, is put into
It impregnates 5 days or more in the limewash of mass concentration 5%, and is filled with the limewash of concentration 5% into the sick nest for digging out diseased plant, then will
Limewash is mixed thoroughly with the soil in sick nest, and is needed with the lime water of mass concentration 5% to the plant within the scope of 2m around diseased plant
Pouring root is carried out, was filled every 10 days and applies primary, continuous fill is applied 3 times, while pouring root, suitable foliage-spray can be carried out, using stone
Buck handles sick plant, can quickly kill the germ on diseased plant, realize diseased plant and healthy plant it is complete every
From carrying out disinfection processing to sick nest and surrounding, be the sprawling in order to avoid soft rot.
The present embodiment 3 is sterilized, is basked seeds using seed soaking, soil disinfection and the green composite to put prevention first prevent and treat matching technology,
A series of method for integrated control can soft rot incidence be high during effective solution konjak cultivation in all its bearings asks
Topic can be such that the disease incidence of konjak soft rot controls within 4.5%, to soft corruption using the method cultivating konjak of the present embodiment 3
The control efficiency of disease is more obvious, and during entire prevention and treatment, the usage amount of chemical bactericide is smaller, after Pesticides Testing,
Konjaku itself is without pesticide residue, the superior product quality of konjaku.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot, it is characterised in that, the following steps are included:
1. seed selection: in konjaku planting site according to the choosing of first piece, again block choosing, after the seed selection mode selected good strains in the field for seed select not no Disease Characters
Healthy plant is excavated, excavation go after mud select without it is damaged, without it is rotten, without the smooth generation son taro in scar, surface as taro
Kind, selected taro kind dressed seed with quick lime later or with 50~100 times of liquid+mass concentrations of formalin of fifty-fifty amount
20% limewash impregnates 20~30min, then is individually stored, and the dosage of the quick lime is the 10~20% of taro kind quality；
2. seed soaking: by the 40% carbendazim glue suspension 1000~1500 of mass concentration of the fifty-fifty amount of the taro kind individually stored before sowing
1000~1500 times of liquid of liquid+DDVP are soaked seed 30~40min, or with 200mg/L agriculture streptomysin 4~5h of seed soaking, are prohibited during seed soaking
Taro kind is only stirred, taro kind excoriation is prevented；
3. basking seeds: the taro kind after 2. step is soaked seed being placed under sunlight and is basked seeds, basking seeds 5~6 days can be sowed, and be basked seeds
Taro kind is layered on vacant lot and dries when daily daytime is sunny by period, and dusk post sunset, which needs taro kind picking up receipts, to be placed on
Interior, and when basking seeds, it needs to ted daily taro kind 1~2 time, needs to monitor the temperature inside taro kind, temperature while tedding
It need to control at 20 DEG C hereinafter, preventing the excessively high influence germination percentage of taro kind internal temperature；
4. viral diagnosis: being sampled detection to the taro kind after basking seeds, can be sowed after detection is qualified；
5. the processing of planting site: konjaku planting site before site preparation, need to be sprinkled into per acre 50~100kg of quick lime or potassium permanganate 2~
3kg, then solarization soil is ploughed deeply 7~15 days to plot；And then qualified 50% rizolex wettable of taro kind will be 4. detected through step
It is sowed after pulvis seed dressing；
6. the prevention and management in growth period: after konjaku lamina, every 7~10 days, alternating was sprayed fungicide 3~4 times, was sprayed
Method is spraying or pouring root, and in the growth period of konjaku, such as finds konjak soft rot plant, should handle in time diseased plant, locate
The method of reason is: diseased plant is dug together together with rhizome soil, be put into the limewash of mass concentration 2~5% impregnate 5 days with
On, and filled with the limewash of mass concentration 2~5% into the sick nest for digging out diseased plant, then limewash and the soil in sick nest are mixed
It is even, and also need to carry out pouring root to the plant within the scope of 1~2m around diseased plant with the lime water of mass concentration 2~5%, every 7
It fills within~10 days and applies primary, continuous fill is applied 2~3 times, while pouring root, can carry out suitable foliage-spray.
2. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1. in,
When carrying out piece to planting site and selecting, the cultivated area in plot is required at 100 mu or more, the disease incidence of plant require control 5% with
Under, when block selects, the cultivated area in plot requires to be 1~10 mu, and the disease incidence of plant requires control, hereinafter, when selecting good strains in the field for seed, 1%
The disease incidence for asking plant is zero.
3. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 6. in,
The fungicide is 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder, 3000~4000 times of liquid, new phytomycin 4000~4500 times of liquid, 75%
500~1000 times of liquid of fenaminosulf wettable powder, 50% generation, 600~800 times of liquid of gloomy peace, in 1~2% bactericide of mass concentration
Any one.
4. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the plant sterilization
Agent is made of following raw material: 20~30 parts of common fig leaf juice takes out 15~20 parts of phoenix tree leaf, 15~20 parts of cacumen biotae, loquat
15~20 parts of leaf, 10~15 parts of the sterculia seed, 10~15 parts of ox fat person, 10~15 parts of blackberry lily, 5~10 parts of garlic and Radix Isatidis 5~
10 parts, all raw materials are crushed, cross 20~30 meshes, the wine of the volumetric concentration 75% of 80~100 times of all raw material weights amounts is added
Smart solution impregnates 40~60min, plant sterilization can be obtained in 40~50 DEG C, 35~40HZ ultrasound, 1~5h, filtering, drying
Agent.
5. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 5. in,
50% rizolex wettable powder of seed dressing can be substituted with plant ash.
6. a kind of method for integrated control of konjak soft rot according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: taro kind is being soaked seed
Before, 30~60min first is impregnated with the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1~0.2%, then rinse out taro kind surface with clear water
Remaining liquor potassic permanganate, and soaking seed after dark ventilation spreads out and dries moisture.
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| CN115362896A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-22 | 云南魔丽魔芋科技有限公司 | Konjak planting method in high-altitude area |
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