CN104663233B - Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching - Google Patents
Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching Download PDFInfo
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- CN104663233B CN104663233B CN201510121258.1A CN201510121258A CN104663233B CN 104663233 B CN104663233 B CN 104663233B CN 201510121258 A CN201510121258 A CN 201510121258A CN 104663233 B CN104663233 B CN 104663233B
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- taro
- rhizoma amorphophalli
- confection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses konjak soft rot green and combine anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, the method for the present invention mainly has following measures, plants taro process, soil treatment, bionical border planting system, field management.Utilize the soft rot green stereo synthesis preventing control method that the present invention provides, use the green comprehensive anti-supporting technology such as controlled-release compound fertilizer, NEB, microbial function fertilizer, Na's778 revulsant, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control problem of Rhizoma amorphophalli plantation can be efficiently solved in all its bearings.Making soft rot sickness rate control within 6%, non agricultural chemical residuum, growth coefficient reaches 79 times.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of proportion of crop planting technology, particularly relate to a kind of konjak soft rot green composite preventing and treating solid
Corresponding cultivation techniques method.
Background technology
From the eighties in 20th century, Chinese Amorphophallus has started industrialized development, but because starting is late, planting technology does not has always
Having very big breakthrough, particularly do not have a set of effective method in terms of konjak soft rot prevention, once meeting with soft rot can only open by eye
Open and look at the underproduction or total crop failure.
Along with the expansion of Rhizoma amorphophalli planting scale, its soft rot occurrence degree remains high.Particularly konjak soft rot, the product caused
Amount loses general 30%-50%, and severe patient, up to 80%, even has no harvest.Planting taro and carrying pathogenic bacteria is to cause Rhizoma amorphophalli after remote tune is planted
The main pathogenic bacteria source of new district morbidity；The pathogenic bacteria itself existed in pathogenic bacteria that kind of taro is carried and soil is invaded by root system or other wounds
Dye makes Rhizoma amorphophalli cause a disease.Want effectively to stop the generation of this disease, pathogenic bacteria source should be blocked from source, reduce Rhizoma amorphophalli wound again
Formed.Meanwhile, the pathogenic bacteria radix in soil to be reduced as far as possible.To this end, just set up a set of effective diseases prevention technical system
It is particularly important.
Japan has begun to, from early in the twentieth century, the research that konjak soft rot is prevented and treated, more Zao than China's starting, but does not the most find very well
Prevention and treatment method.At present, China is with regard to the relation of the factors such as agricultural management and cropping system with soft rot occurrence injury, and diseases prevention
The aspects such as technical measures have carried out comprehensive research.Propose and " utilize disease-resistant variety, application biological organic fertilizer to make base fertilizer, medicated bag set
Taro and Cotton seeds, long-stalked crop interplanting and taro potato catch cropping, the cultivation mode of face, ridge covering etc., use innoxious medicament " in good time
Soft rot combine anti-technical system.But a large amount of applying pesticides, exist that medicine is residual and environmental pollution.Not a large amount of applying pesticides, green vertical
Body combines the stable method more than 90% of anti-supporting technology large area soft rot control effect not to be had.This method is made every effort to by impact
Farmland ecosystem Chinese medicine, fertilizer, bacterium and the ecological environment supporting enforcement of many multi-factor comprehensive that soft rot occurs, makes konjak soft rot
Disease control effect is stable more than 90%.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of konjak soft rot green and combine anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, the method is a kind of integrated control side
Method, four broad aspect such as including kind of taro process, soil treatment, planting system, field management, make Rhizoma amorphophalli plantation obtain high and stable yields.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention uses techniques below measure:
Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps:
(1) plant taro to process
Mid-September-early October, Rhizoma amorphophalli falls before Seedling, selects the plot that Rhizoma amorphophalli growing way is good as kind of a source, has first digging of fragmentary morbidity.
Mid-November, select fair weather in noon gather in the crops, do digging out of kind of taro and spread out, dry make Rhizoma amorphophalli dehydration 8-12% (with
Soil outside Rhizoma amorphophalli comes off naturally), after big microspecies taro classification, every mu with 15-25g agricultural streptomycin (72% soluble powder 350
0-4000 times of liquid)+150-200g thiophanate methyl (40% colloidal suspending agent 400-600 times liquid) or 15-20g potassium permanganate (18
00 times-2300 times) at field Direct spraying, allow kind of taro epidermis form one layer of medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro source of disease.
Framing up, transport to storeroom, built is preserved, and every layer of shelf height 23-27cm takes 7-8 layer, and the Rhizoma amorphophalli on shelf puts 2 layers,
Ventilate, ambient humidity (65%-70%), temperature (5 DEG C-8 DEG C), plant taro dehydration about 8-12% the most again, carry out
Stifling.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m3Fumigate or Rhizoma Atractylodis 1g/m3+ Folium Artemisiae Argyi 1g
/m3Stifling.Before sowing, kind taro is sorted out and bask seeds 1-2 days, every 100kg kind taro three-in-one antibacterial (uric acid cephalo thiophene
Furan bacterium=1 11, weight ratio) 5g lower ground after being watered 15-20kg seed soaking.
When framing up, gather materials on the spot according to periphery: include foam, Caulis et Folium Oryzae, sawdust, plant ash etc..
Kind of taro standard is: without damaged, without going mouldy, without cicatrix, mouth is put down, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance be in spinning
Rhizoma amorphophalli tubercle or root stock that capitate, bud embryo are given birth to neatly, in two years do kind of taro and carry out classification, and every grade of size is basically identical.
Plant taro size to be advisable with 100g-500g.
(2) agent, soil treatment method
Plot should select more than soil layer 50cm, and the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic ＞ 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300m
G/kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg) pH value at 6.5-7.0, the most in the shade, moist but
Not hydrops, the convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage, preferably ground, gentle slope.Front stubble can not be the plot of the Solanaceaes such as Nicotiana tabacum L. and Araceae
Plantation Rhizoma amorphophalli, as Rhizoma amorphophalli continuous cropping 2-3 or when having soft rot, other crop of i.e. changing crops.Every per mu even apply disinfectant powder (sulfur
Sulphur powder: quick lime: plant ash=1:25:25, weight ratio) 50kg, then plough 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat.Use sufficient base fertilizer, often
It is multiple that mu executes many kinds of bacillus cereuss of trace element functional fertilizer 20kg+ and actinomycetes in 45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer (control release type) 100kg+
Microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer 10kg；Or (the control of every mu is executed that 1000-2000kg ferments pigs and cattle excrement+50kg 45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer
Release type).Field furrow are held together high 20-30cm, deep-cuts gutter, lowering of watertable.
Preferably ternary sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer of 45% described sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer (control release type).
Described middle trace element functional fertilizer preferred rare earth alkali resistant weight gaining five in one fertilizer king.
Described multiple bacillus cereus and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer preferably six times are excellent.
(3) bionical border planting system
The illumination accepted in the every 24h of Rhizoma amorphophalli controls, in 1.7-2.2 ten thousand Le, the usual manner of this area to be used to carry out suitable screening
Cover.
First applying fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, then put layer of mud soil, then put kind of a taro, planting taro directly can not contact with base fertilizer, it is to avoid infect corruption
Rotten, plant taro and to tilt 45 °, reduce hydrops and prevent rotten bud, (every bag of medicinal liquid is 65m to plant rear every mu of use NEB-26 under taro
L) five bags are watered 15kg and are sprayed in the taro kind set, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 10-20kg simultaneously, then cover fine and glossy soil in
Furrow shape so that plant taro and sow degree of depth 10-20cm.After planting furrow face spreads one layer of grass holding ground moistening.Planting density line-spacing is to plant
6 times of distances of taro diameter, spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter.
Rhizoma amorphophalli belongs to half cloudy plant, is weak to strong illumination, and its light saturation point is low, should take measure of shading.If illumination is too strong, easily
Cause photosynthetic efficiency low, and the drastically rising of ambient temperature can be caused, cause leaf portion to burn, increase the weight of soft rot.Therefore, evil spirit
The selection of taro cultivation shade rate in mid-term is different because of environment.
The preferably mode of covering is:
The low altitude area high in temperature, sunshine is longer, should use higher shade rate, uses a line Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydis, shady
Degree of covering reaches 60%-90%；The relatively High aititude region that, sunshine relatively low in temperature is shorter, uses two row Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydis or two row
Rhizoma amorphophalli two row Semen Maydis, shade rate reaches 60%-35% and is advisable；At the high altitude localities that sunshine is shorter and weak, temperature is the lowest, shade rate
Less than 40%, using three row Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydiss or do not use concealment to process, concealment processes the most excessive.
(4) field management
A, weeding ridging
Before Rhizoma amorphophalli is unearthed after planting, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, remove furrow face weeds with herbicide (during with interplanting corn, beautiful
Meter Hang Yong Semen Maydis herbicides special envelope grass, weeding).To exhibition leaf Feng Hangqian, artificial weeding 2 times after coming up.Can not be with hoe
Deep hoe or other weeding by machine, not damaged blade, petiole and root, the most susceptible after damage；If weeds are severe, available
41% glyphosate orientation sprays Rhizoma amorphophalli seeding belt.Can not intertill and loosen the soil, mid-June to early July earths up 1-2 time, trains every time
Soil 5-7cm.
Because at a time when Rhizoma amorphophalli exhibition leaf when " changing head ", owing to bulb volume diminishes, hollow in nest, one is alarmed by the rustling of leaves, pole
Easy damaged fibrous root, manufactures pathogenic bacteria and invades chance, so should earth up in time.
Described herbicide is herbicide commonly used in the art, as agriculture reach, glyphosate etc..
B, pest and disease damage green composite are prevented and treated
After planting every mu uses 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL of 48% chlopyrifos to spray furrow face parasite killing；Insect pest uses black light lamp, sugar
Vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) trapping adult；800 times of liquid of every mu of use 90% metrifonate
25-40ml sprays, and kills adult；Egg production peak time manual removal's ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, and during until emergence rate is 15%, uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying.Go out
Using confection 2 to carry out even spraying when Seedling rate reaches 70%, Seedling uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying after all sprouting, and enters
After entering July, every 10-15d sprays once, according to confection 1, confection 2, confection 1, confection 2 ...
Carry out alternating spray.If meeting special climate (rainwater is many, arid) suitably increase number of times, if it find that there is soft rot to send out
Raw, in confection formula, every mu adds the three-in-one preparation of 5g specially good effect (uric acid ceftiofur bacterium=1 11, weight
Than), spraying three times continuously, the duration of spray process is determined according to vegetation growth state and weather condition, spray process is the latest
Proceed to by the end of September.If finding konjak soft rot diseased plant, immediately plant band soil is dug out；Carry out buried or burn, and using calculogenesis
Ash is sprinkling upon in hole, and compacting prevents germina infection from spreading.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50
G detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 unit, is watered 15kg；Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, is watered 15
Kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Points for attention: must first be shaken up by mother solution when using Na Shi 778, aerosol apparatus must re-use after wash clean, any chemistry
Antibacterial can not be mixed with Na Shi 778 with insecticide.
The present invention, compared with general planting technology, has the following advantages and effect:
Processed by kind of taro can avoid being mixed into and plant taro in spite of illness and prevent kind of a taro to catch an illness；Soil treatment can be avoided carrying in soil ill
Bacterium and kill existing pathogenic bacteria in soil, destroys the living environment of pathogenic bacteria simultaneously；Sowing pre-treatment can be avoided being mixed into and plant taro in spite of illness,
Also can increase the resistance against diseases of kind of taro；Bionical border planting type can reduce pathogenic bacteria chance for survival and filtration fraction sunlight；Field is managed
Reason can invade by omnidistance pre-anti-bacteria；The controlled-release compound fertilizer of this method, NEB, microbial function are fertile, Na's778 revulsant
Combining anti-supporting technology Deng green, a series of integrated approach can efficiently solve the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control of Rhizoma amorphophalli plantation in all its bearings and ask
Topic.Making soft rot sickness rate control within 6%, non agricultural chemical residuum, growth coefficient reaches 7-9 times.
Detailed description of the invention
The reagent that the embodiment of the present invention is used, if not otherwise specified, commercially available all can realize the present invention.Described technical scheme,
If not otherwise specified, the conventional scheme of this area it is.
45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer (control release type) used by the present invention is ternary sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer；
Middle trace element functional fertilizer used is rare earth alkali resistant weight gaining five in one fertilizer king；
Multiple bacillus cereus used and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function fertilizer six times are excellent.
Embodiment 1:
Konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching:
The plantation point of the present embodiment is located at Nanping township, Enshi State of Hubei Province Lichuan City river East Village, 10 mu.
(1) plant taro to process:
Rhizoma amorphophalli falls before Seedling, selects plot that Rhizoma amorphophalli growing way is good as kind of a source in Nanping township, Enshi State of Hubei Province Lichuan City river East Village, has zero
Excavating of star morbidity, the plot periphery dug limes.Mid-November receives and digs Rhizoma amorphophalli, select without damaged, without going mouldy, without cicatrix,
Mouth is flat, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is neat, size does kind of a taro at 100g-200g.
Every mu with 25g agricultural streptomycin (72% soluble powder 3500 times liquid)+200g thiophanate methyl (40% colloidal suspending agent 400 times
Liquid) at field Direct spraying, allow kind of taro epidermis form one layer of medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro source of disease.Fill with Caulis et Folium Oryzae
Frame, transports to place, and built is preserved, and shelf height 25cm takes 7 layers, and the Rhizoma amorphophalli on shelf puts 2 layers, ventilates, environmental wet
Degree 65%-70%, temperature 5-8 DEG C.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage3+ potassium permanganate 5g/m3Stifling.Broadcast
Kind before plant taro sorts out the 2d that basks seeds, every 100kg kind taro with three-in-one antibacterial (uric acid ceftiofur bacterium=1 11,
Weight ratio) 5g lower ground after being watered 15kg seed soaking.
(2) agent, soil treatment method:
Soil more than the soil layer 50cm selected, the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic ＞ 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300mg
/ kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg) pH value at 6.5-7.0, the most in the shade, moist but not
Hydrops, the convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage, ground, gentle slope.
Before Rhizoma amorphophalli plantation field, stubble is Oryza sativa L..Every per mu even apply disinfectant powder (Cosan: quick lime: plant ash=1:25:25) 50kg,
Then plough 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat.Use sufficient base fertilizer, execute trace in 45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer (control release type) 100kg+ for every mu
Element functional fertilizer (rare earth alkali resistant weight gaining five in one fertilizer king) many kinds of bacillus cereuss of 20kg+ and actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function
Fertile (six times excellent) 10kg.Deep-cut gutter, lowering of watertable.
(3) bionical border planting system
Use a line Semen Maydis three row Rhizoma amorphophalli intercropping system: on face, railway carriage or compartment loose for the 140cm risen, from the railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch heart to face, railway carriage or compartment 25
At cm, manage out 4 seed furrows by line-spacing 40cm (the ditch heart is to the ditch heart), sow furrow width 16cm, deep 12cm.
Plant nest away from: planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter.During sowing
First applying fertilizer to the subsoil, then put one layer of 3-5cm thickness earth, then put kind of a taro, planting taro directly can not contact with base fertilizer, it is to avoid infects and rots,
Kind of taro to tilt 45 °, plants under taro latter every mu and uses NEB-26 (every bag of medicinal liquid is 65mL) five bags to be watered 15kg to be sprayed on
In the taro kind set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 15kg simultaneously, and then covering fine and glossy soil thick for 15-18cm is furrow shapes.After planting
Furrow face paving 3-5cm thickness grass, keeps ground moistening, and Rhizoma amorphophalli and Row spacing of maize are at 40cm, and corn plants is away from 28cm.Semen Maydis is planted close
Degree is about every mu of 1300 strains.
(4) field management
A. April 22, furrow face weeds are removed with glyphosate.May 4 and each artificial weeding 1 time on June 2.June
To respectively ridging 1 time on July 6, earthed up 5-7cm every time on 18th.
The most every mu uses 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL of 48% chlopyrifos to spray furrow face parasite killing；Insect pest employing black light lamp,
Sweet-and-sour liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) trapping adult；Every mu of use 90% metrifonate 800
Times liquid 25-40ml spraying, kills adult；Egg production peak time manual removal's ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, and during until emergence rate is 15%, every mu with confection 1:80mL Na Shi 7
78 derivant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50g detergent+20g 10,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycins,
It is watered 15kg even spraying；With confection 2:80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili when emergence rate reaches 70%
Foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, is watered 15kg second time even spraying；Seedling all sprout after every mu with confection 1:80mL Na Shi 7
78 derivant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50g detergent+20g 10,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycins,
It is watered 15kg even spraying.
Lichuan County, Hubei July 10, July 20, July 30 is according to confection 1, confection 2, confection
The order of 1 carries out alternately even spraying, and during above two medicament is used alternatingly, every mu adds the three-in-one preparation of 5g specially good effect
(uric acid ceftiofur bacterium=1 11, weight ratio) prevents and treats soft rot.August 10 every mu is with 80mL Na Shi 778
Derivant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50g detergent+20g 10,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycin,
It is watered 15kg even spraying；August 20 with 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g,
Being watered 15kg second time even spraying, August 30 every mu is with 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother solution+50-100g biphosphate
Potassium 50-100g+ carbamide 50g+ detergent+20g 10,000,000 unit agricultural streptomycin, is watered 15kg even spraying.The soft corruption of Rhizoma amorphophalli
Sick sickness rate is only 5%.Owing to, during whole, only application of a small amount of agricultural streptomycin, Pesticides Testing noresidue.Evil spirit
Taro sowing quantity is 600kg, and results Rhizoma amorphophalli reaches 4487kg.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50
G detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 unit, is watered 15kg；Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, is watered 15
Kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Embodiment 2:
At the Baoji, Shaanxi province city thousands of mu of Fengxiang County experimental cultivation, it is thus achieved that ideal effect.Area is 500 mu.
(1) plant taro to process:
Mid-September, Rhizoma amorphophalli fell before Seedling, selects the plot that Rhizoma amorphophalli growing way is good as kind of a source, has first digging of fragmentary morbidity.
Mid-November, select fair weather to gather in the crops Rhizoma amorphophalli noon, select without damaged, without going mouldy, without cicatrix, mouth is put down, nest is little,
Terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance are spindle, bud embryo is neat Rhizoma amorphophalli tubercle or root stock do kind of taro and carry out classification,
Every grade of size is basically identical.Kind of the taro of digging out that kind taro size is advisable with 100g-500g is spread out, dries and makes Rhizoma amorphophalli dehydration about 10%
(outside with Rhizoma amorphophalli soil naturally come off), after big microspecies taro classification, every mu with 1800 times of liquid field Direct sprayings of 20g potassium permanganate,
Allow kind of taro epidermis form one layer of medicine film, prevent courses of infection, cut off kind of a taro source of disease.Plant ash frames up, and transports to place, and built is store
Hiding, shelf height about 25cm, take 7 layers, the Rhizoma amorphophalli on shelf puts 2 layers, notes ventilating, ambient humidity 65%-70%, temperature
5-8 DEG C, Rhizoma amorphophalli kind dehydration about 10% the most again.With formaldehyde (40%) 10mL/m in storage3+ potassium permanganate 5
g/m3Stifling.Before sowing, kind taro is sorted out and bask seeds 2 days, every 100kg kind taro three-in-one antibacterial (uric acid ceftiofur
Bacterium=1 11, weight ratio) 5g is watered after 15kg seed soaking the most lower.
(2) agent, soil treatment method:
Soil more than the soil layer 50cm selected, the soil is porous, fertile soil (organic ＞ 2.5%, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen: 200-300mg
/ kg, rapid available phosphorus: 60-90mg/kg, available potassium: 160-240mg/kg) pH value at 6.5-7.0, the most in the shade, moist but not
Hydrops, the convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage, ground, gentle slope.
Front stubble is the field soil plantation Rhizoma amorphophalli of Semen Maydis.Every per mu even apply disinfectant powder (Cosan: quick lime: plant ash=1:25:25) 5
0kg, then ploughs 30cm.Execute pigs and cattle excrement+50kg 45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer (control release type) that 1000-2000kg ferments for every mu
+ multiple bacillus cereus and fertile (the six times excellent) 10kg of actinomycetes multiple microbial inoculum microbial function.Field furrow are held together high 30cm, the row of deep-cutting
Ditch, lowering of watertable.
(3) bionical border planting system
A line Semen Maydis two row Rhizoma amorphophalli intercropping system.On face, railway carriage or compartment wide for the 100cm risen, at the railway carriage or compartment ditch ditch heart to face, railway carriage or compartment 25cm,
Manage out 3 seed furrows by line-spacing 40cm (the ditch heart is to the ditch heart), sow furrow width 16cm, deep 12cm.
First apply fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, then put layer of mud soil, then put kind of a taro, notice that kind of a taro directly can not contact with excrement, it is to avoid infect
Rotting, plant taro and to tilt 45 °, reduce hydrops and prevent rotten bud, (every bag of medicinal liquid is 65 to plant rear every mu of use NEB-26 under taro
ML) five bags are watered 15kg and are sprayed in the taro kind set, and every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 16kg simultaneously, and then covering fine and glossy soil is furrow
Shape, plants taro and sows degree of depth 10-15cm.Planting density line-spacing is with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter, and spacing in the rows is with 4 times of kind of taro diameter
Distance.After planting furrow face spreads the grass that one layer of 3-5cm is thick, keeps ground moistening.Rhizoma amorphophalli and Semen Maydis, Semen Maydis and Row spacing of maize
Being 40cm, corn plants is away from 30cm.Semen Maydis planting density is about every mu of 1700 strains.
(4) field management
Before Rhizoma amorphophalli is unearthed after planting, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, with agriculture reach, furrow face weeds removed by the herbicide such as glyphosate.Children
Seedling extremely opens up leaf Feng Hangqian, artificial weeding 2 times after being unearthed.Mid-June to early July earths up 1 time, and earth up 5cm.
After planting every mu uses 1000 times of liquid 30-45mL of 48% chlopyrifos to spray furrow face parasite killing；Insect pest uses black light lamp, sugar
Vinegar liquid (sugar: vinegar: wine: water=1: 4: 1: 16, weight ratio) trapping adult；800 times of liquid of every mu of use 90% metrifonate
25-40ml sprays, and kills adult；Egg production peak time manual removal's ovum and larva.
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, when emergence rate is 15%, and every mu of timely confection 1:80mL Na Shi 7
78 derivant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50g detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 units,
It is watered 15kg even spraying；Emergence rate reach when 70% every mu glad with confection 2:80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g
Execute profit foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, be watered 15kg second time spraying, Seedling all sprout after every mu with confection 1:80mL Na Shi 7
78 derivant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50g detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 units,
It is watered 15kg even spraying to carry out spraying for the third time.
Entering after July, every 15d that (included July 15) from the beginning of July 15 is according to confection 1, confection
2, confection 1 ... order carry out alternately even spraying, one until August 30.Find konjak soft rot diseased plant, vertical
Will dig out by plant band soil；Carry out buried or burn, and being sprinkling upon in hole with quick lime, compacting, preventing germina infection from spreading.Evil spirit
Taro soft rot sickness rate is only 4%.Owing to, during whole, only application of a small amount of agricultural streptomycin, Pesticides Testing is without residual
Stay.Rhizoma amorphophalli sowing quantity is 500kg, and results Rhizoma amorphophalli reaches 4672kg.
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50
G detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 unit, is watered 15kg；Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, is watered 15
Kg, described formula is every mu of consumption.
Claims (2)
1. konjak soft rot green combines anti-three-dimensional cultivation method for matching, comprises the following steps:
(1) plant taro to process
Mid-September-early October, Rhizoma amorphophalli falls before Seedling, selects the plot that Rhizoma amorphophalli growing way is good as provenance, has the elder generation of fragmentary morbidity
Dig；Mid-November, select fair weather to gather in the crops noon, do digging out of kind of taro and spread out, dry and make Rhizoma amorphophalli dehydration 8-12%,
After big microspecies taro classification, every mu with 3500-4000 times of liquid+150-200g thiophanate methyl 400-600 of 15-25g agricultural streptomycin
Times liquid, or 1800 times of-2300 times of liquid of 15-20g potassium permanganate are at field Direct spraying；Dress basket, transports to storeroom, built
Storage, every layer of shelf height 23-27cm, take 7-8 layer, the Rhizoma amorphophalli on shelf puts 2 layers, ventilates, ambient humidity 65%-70%,
Temperature 5 DEG C-8 DEG C, plants taro dehydration 8-12% the most again, fumigates；With 40% formaldehyde 10mL/m3+ potassium permanganate
5g/m3Fumigate or Rhizoma Atractylodis 1g/m3+ Folium Artemisiae Argyi 1g/m3Stifling；Before sowing, kind taro is sorted out and bask seeds 1-2 days, every 100kg kind
Taro is lower ground after being watered 15-20kg seed soaking with three-in-one antibacterial 5g；
Described three-in-one antibacterial is: uric acid ceftiofur bacterium amine=1 11, weight ratio；
Kind of taro standard is: without damaged, without going mouldy, without cicatrix, mouth is put down, nest is little, terminal bud is sturdy, smooth surface, outward appearance be in spinning
Rhizoma amorphophalli tubercle or root stock that capitate, bud embryo are given birth to neatly, in two years do kind of taro and carry out classification, and every grade of size is basically identical；
Plant taro size 100g-500g；
(2) agent, soil treatment method
Plot should select more than soil layer 50cm, and the soil is porous, fertile soil, and pH value is at 6.5-7.0, the most in the shade, moist
But not hydrops, the convenient sandy loam of irrigation and drainage；Front stubble can not be Solanaceae and Araceae, as Rhizoma amorphophalli continuous cropping 2-3 or have
During soft rot, other crop of i.e. changing crops；Every even disinfectant powder 50kg that applies per mu, then ploughs 30-35cm, harrow broken hug flat；Execute
Vola is fertile, executes trace element functional fertilizer 20kg+ in 45% sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer 100kg+ for every mu and contains multiple bacillus cereus and multiple put
The microbial function fertilizer 10kg of the multiple microbial inoculum of line bacterium；Or execute the pigs and cattle excrement+50kg 45% that 1000-2000kg ferments for every mu
Sulfur-bearing compound fertilizer；Field furrow are held together high 20-30cm, deep-cuts gutter, lowering of watertable；
Described disinfectant powder is: Cosan: quick lime: plant ash=1:25:25, weight ratio；
(3) bionical border planting system
The illumination accepted in the every 24h of Rhizoma amorphophalli controls in 1.7-2.2 ten thousand Le, uses the usual manner of this area to carry out suitable covering；
First applying fertilizer to the subsoil during sowing, then put layer of mud soil, then put kind of a taro, planting taro directly can not contact with base fertilizer, it is to avoid infect corruption
Rotten, plant taro and to tilt 45 °, reduce hydrops and prevent rotten bud, plant rear every mu of use NEB-26 five bags under taro and be watered 15kg spray
In the taro kind set, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields quick lime 10-20kg simultaneously, and then covering fine and glossy soil is furrow shapes so that plants taro and sows
Degree of depth 10-20cm；After planting furrow face spreads one layer of grass holding ground moistening；Planting density line-spacing with 6 times of distances of kind of taro diameter,
Spacing in the rows is with 4 times of distances of kind of taro diameter；
(4) field management
A, weeding ridging
Before Rhizoma amorphophalli is unearthed after planting, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, remove furrow face weeds with herbicide；To opening up leaf after coming up
Feng Hangqian, artificial weeding 2 times；Can not deeply uproot with hoe or other weeding by machine, not damaged blade, petiole and root, damage
The most susceptible；If weeds are severe, spray Rhizoma amorphophalli seeding belt by 41% glyphosate orientation；Can not intertill and loosen the soil, mid-June
Earthing up 1-2 time to early July, earth up 5-7cm every time；
B, pest and disease damage green composite are prevented and treated
After planting every mu of 1000 times of liquid using 48% chlopyrifos 30-45mL spray furrow face parasite killing；Insect pest employing black light lamp,
Sweet-and-sour liquid trapping adult；800 times of liquid sprayings of every mu of use 90% metrifonate 25-40ml, kill adult；At egg production peak time
Manual removal's ovum and larva；
Konjak soft rot is mainly to put prevention first, and during until emergence rate is 15%, uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying；Go out
Confection 2 is used to carry out even spraying when Seedling rate reaches 70%；Seedling uses confection 1 to carry out even spraying after all sprouting；Enter
After entering July, every 10-15d sprays once, according to confection 1, confection 2, confection 1, confection 2 ...
Carry out alternating spray；If meeting special climate suitably increase number of times, if it find that there is soft rot to occur, at confection formula
In every mu add the three-in-one preparation of 5g specially good effect and spray continuously three times, determine spray process according to vegetation growth state and weather condition
Duration, spray process proceeds to by the end of September the latest；If finding konjak soft rot diseased plant, immediately plant band soil is dug out；Enter
Row is buried or burns, and is sprinkling upon in hole with quick lime, compacting, prevents germina infection from spreading；
The three-in-one preparation of described specially good effect is uric acid ceftiofur bacterium amine=1 11, weight ratio；
Described confection 1 is 80mL Na's778 revulsant mother solution+50-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphate+50-100g carbamide+50
G detergent+20g agricultural streptomycin 10,000,000 unit, is watered 15kg；Described formula is every mu of consumption；
Described confection 2 is: 80mL Na's778 revulsant+100g Xin Shili foliage fertilizer+detergent 50g, is watered 15kg,
Described formula is every mu of consumption.
Method the most according to claim 1, the mode of covering described in step (3) is:
The low altitude area high in temperature, sunshine is longer, should use higher shade rate, uses a line Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydis, shady
Degree of covering reaches 60%-90%；The relatively High aititude region that, sunshine relatively low in temperature is shorter, uses two row Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydis or two row
Rhizoma amorphophalli two row Semen Maydis, shade rate reaches 60%-35%；In the high altitude localities that sunshine is shorter and weak, temperature is the lowest, shade rate is less than
40%, use three row Rhizoma amorphophalli a line Semen Maydiss or do not use concealment to process, concealment processes the most excessive.
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