CN104543966A - 低脂沙拉酱和醋蛋保健色拉酱的生产方法 - Google Patents
低脂沙拉酱和醋蛋保健色拉酱的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Nutrition Science (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低脂沙拉酱和醋蛋保健色拉酱的生产方法,属于保健食品技术领域,其方法是利用超细化的碳水化合物和微粒化蛋白质模拟脂肪口感和物性,从而降低了脂肪使用量,达到降低产品热值,并具有醋蛋的保健功能。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明是制造一种对人体健康的沙拉酱的生产方法,以细微化蛋白质或特定微粒淀粉为原料,模拟脂肪,取代部分或全部油脂,属保健食品加工技术领域。
二、背景技术
油性调味料分为黄油(包括人造奶油)和蛋黄酱(包括色拉调味料和沙拉酱)两类,黄油为油包水(w/o)型,即油为外相,水为分散相;蛋黄酱为水包油(o/w)型,即该乳状物水相在外侧,油为分散相。水包油型口感特别好,用在餐用涂抹脂产品上,已广受欢迎,成为许多国家餐桌上取代黄油为主要食品调料,也是最有远景的营养食品之一,对各种烹饪菜食营养化和高级化,作为佐料能促使激发食欲和改善消化及脂溶性维生素吸收作用。产品广泛应用在凉拌菜、水果色拉、蔬菜、鱼、肉类加工、甜点心、稀黄油、酸乳酪、冰淇淋、三明治、爽心面包、饼干、蛋糕等,年消费量在千万吨以上,仅美国每年消费达124万吨之多;国内近几年增长很快,每年以15%的速度递增。蛋黄酱及沙拉酱含油脂在产品中占65~82%之间,有较高的热值。随着人们生活多样性,人类对减少肥胖和疾病,限制脂肪摄入量的健康意识增强,对低脂或无脂、低热量、低钠和保健型的沙拉酱的追求日益增加。减少油脂,产品仍具有奶油状的润滑、细腻口感,特性不能变,这在科学技术上是一大世界性难题,美国NutraSweet公司和Kraft公司先后用牛奶和蛋清及蛋清和明胶经微粒化处理,产品用在冰冻点心上,但其主要缺点是在于对热敏感,易变性而丧失滑腻的口感,主要用在低温食品上;美国Pfizer中心研究实验室的H.H.Rennhard博士发现葡聚糖作为一种湿润剂加到焙烤食品中,像油脂一样保持产品水分;美国国民淀粉与化学合作公司用木薯淀粉经酸催化水解的糊精产品N-Oil可代替部分油脂,应用在酸乳酪及欧洲早餐腊肠上;而美国衣阿华州谷物加工合作公司用玉米麦芽糊精的25%水溶液,呈现柔软白色凝胶体,极类似起酥油,可用在人造奶油中取代部分油脂;也有报导用磷酸化改性淀粉,但用纯淀粉或蛋白质代替油来生产沙拉酱或蛋黄酱未见报导。
三、发明内容
为克服传统沙拉酱高脂肪成份的缺陷,经申请人长期精心研究,解决上述难题,完成了本发明。其原理是:人体的口腔黏膜对物体的大小和形状颗粒感觉是不一样的,感知程度有一阈值,当小于这一阈值时,这些颗粒不会被感觉出来,因此呈现奶油状滑腻的口感特性。大多数人对颗粒直径大于5μm左右会明显感觉到颗粒状物质的存在(有砂样感觉),而小于5μm则有油状感觉,但小于0.05μm和水溶性的产品不再呈奶油状口感,而是流动非坚实的口感,形状似球形且能滑动的取代油脂性能为佳。因此,粒子的大小和形状是决定取代油脂口感必不可少的条件,申请人发现某些蛋白质或碳水化合物在一定条件下处理,可以满足上述条件,一个总的发明构思的两项发明相互关联的技术特征内容为:
1、以高压均质处理分离出大米淀粉(粒径1.9~2.53μm)为原料制备低脂沙拉酱。
2、以醋化降解的鸡蛋蛋白质微粒为原料(粒径小于5μm),并且有保健功能的醋蛋保健色拉酱。
本发明解决方案是:①大米淀粉1份,加水3份,于80℃糊化,得大米淀粉糊,代替4份油脂,与其他辅料混合均质,得到稳定性高,与传统沙拉酱口感一致的 低脂色拉酱。
②鸡蛋经9°醋浸泡或酶解,使巨大蛋白质分子裂解为微小分子,并释放出卵磷脂、胆碱、生物素、溶菌酶、阿维丁等活性物质;蛋壳也被溶解成为醋酸钙。上述就是在我国有千年历史的醋蛋营养液,有能治百病之誉称。
上述醋蛋液经明胶和琼脂凝固化为半固体产品,物理结构与沙拉酱相同,即醋蛋保健色拉酱。
本发明与传统沙拉酱有实质性技术进步:
1、在不改变口感的情况下,油脂减少70%,每百克产品减少油脂45克。
2、热量减少1485kJ/100g产品。
3、钠含量大幅度减少。
4、产品多功能,可做沙拉酱,也可用水稀释做醋蛋口服液。
四、具体实施方法
实例1:
原料配比:
色拉油 200g; 9°食用醋 140g; 白砂糖 30g; 大米淀粉 100g;
蛋白糖 1g; 蔗糖脂肪酸酯(SE-15) 4g; 司盘60 4g; 琼脂 5g;
黄原胶 8g; 加纯净水至总量1000g;
操作步骤:
1、将油脂称取,加入司盘60和脂溶性香辛料,加热溶解备用。
2、将氯化钾、糖、甜味剂、黄原胶、蔗糖脂肪酸酯(SE-15)混合,加至含醋的水中溶解。
3、淀粉加入三倍水,升温至80~90℃糊化0.5小时。
4、将油滴加到糊化液中,控制表面不见油状物为合适。
5、用胶体磨混合乳化。
6、真空脱气。
7、真空高压均质,冷却,包装,巴氏灭菌。
实例2:
原料配比:
全鸡蛋330g; 9°醋330g; 白砂糖300g; 明胶4g;
琼脂5g; 黄原胶5g; 加纯净水至总量1000g;
操作步骤:
将全蛋液打浆均匀,加入9°醋200g,浸泡48小时(或木瓜蛋白酶50℃酶解1小时),加入白砂糖,明胶,琼脂,黄原胶混合溶解,再加入余下的130g醋和蛋壳提取钙液,高速搅拌、脱气、包装、巴氏灭菌,至仓库存放一周后出厂。
实例3:
将120g经α-淀粉酶酶解的玉米糊精(DE值3~5)代替实例1中的大米淀粉,其余条件同实例1,完成低脂沙拉酱。
实例4:
将木糖醇300g来代替实例2中的白砂糖并加1g蛋白糖(甜度200倍),其余条件同实例2,完成低糖醋蛋保健色拉酱。
Claims (8)
1.低脂沙拉酱和醋蛋保健色拉酱的生产方法,其特征是:用细微颗粒的碳水化合物或微粒化的蛋白质,与水化合形成凝胶,构成糊状物,在其中加入油脂、食用醋、调味料、乳化剂、增稠剂、混合乳化、均质、脱气、包装、灭菌,成为结构细腻的膏状沙拉酱。
2.按照权利要求1所述方法,所指的微细颗粒碳水化合物为经过高压均质生产的大米淀粉,粒径1~3μm,以及淀粉酶降解的玉米淀粉、甘薯淀粉和小麦淀粉,其DE值3~5。
3.按照权利要求1所述方法,所指的微粒化的蛋白质是经过醋浸泡降解或木瓜蛋白酶降解的鸡蛋蛋白质小分子,粒径小于5μm。
4.按照权利要求1所述方法,与水化合是指淀粉的80℃糊化过程和蛋白质水中溶胀过程。
5.按照权利要求1所述方法,调味料为芥末、姜、蒜提取物、胡椒和红辣椒等。
6.按照权利要求1所述方法,乳化剂为蔗糖脂肪酸酯(SE-15),司盘60。
7.按照权利要求1所述方法,增稠剂为黄原胶、琼脂、明胶。
8.按照权利要求1所述方法,油脂是作为风味载体加入,其质量要求含丰富亚油酸和适量亚麻酸的添加风味剂的植物油,用维生素E添加抗氧化性,如低芥酸菜籽油、玉米油加胡麻油、核桃油。
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