CN108576770A - 一种肠胃保健型沙拉酱的生产方法 - Google Patents
一种肠胃保健型沙拉酱的生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108576770A CN108576770A CN201810292012.4A CN201810292012A CN108576770A CN 108576770 A CN108576770 A CN 108576770A CN 201810292012 A CN201810292012 A CN 201810292012A CN 108576770 A CN108576770 A CN 108576770A
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- mayonnaise
- tarragon
- powder
- oil
- resistant starch
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
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Abstract
本发明一种肠胃保健型沙拉酱的生产方法,其特征在于:1)菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的制备:2)复合食用菌粉的制备:3)阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配乳剂的加工:4)香辛料的制作:5)其它配料澳洲坚果油、木糖醇、优质食盐、米醋由市场购得;6)沙拉酱的配方为(%,w/w):菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉20‑30,复合食用菌粉10‑20,多糖复配乳化剂细粉5‑10,澳洲坚果油20‑30,龙蒿香辛料粉0.5‑1.0,木糖醇5‑8,米醋2‑5,食盐1‑2,蒸馏水15‑25;7)沙拉酱终端产品生产工艺得到沙拉酱终端产品。本发明以非粮食类抗性淀粉、猴头菇、灰树花、澳洲坚果油、阿拉伯胶、银耳多糖、龙蒿、木糖醇等为主要原料制作对肠胃系统有特定营养保健功能、富含膳食纤维、低油低热、口感良好的健康型沙拉酱。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及沙拉酱的生产工艺,特别是涉及以非粮食类抗性淀粉、猴头菇、灰树花、澳洲坚果油、阿拉伯胶、银耳多糖、木糖醇、龙蒿为主要原料制作沙拉酱的生产工艺,属调味品生产技术领域。
背景技术
果蔬沙拉源自于西方,是由绿色有叶生菜、水果制成的冷菜点心,常加有萝卜、黄瓜或西红柿,并加沙拉酱作为调味品食用。当前,果蔬沙拉已越来越为我国消费者喜爱,在新鲜果蔬上甚至其它如面包、糕点上加入口味柔和鲜美的沙拉酱,已成为生活中的常见食品,市场对沙拉酱的产量和品质需求也日渐提升。
沙拉酱是西餐中常用的调味品,呈半固体形态。目前,市场上所销售的沙拉酱主要原料是都大量地使用食用油,其次则是蛋黄,另加少许糖、食盐、辛香料和醋。为了改善沙拉酱的口感,有时还加入氢化植物油(反式脂肪酸),或者添加部分增稠剂、凝固剂等。因此,传统沙拉酱的油脂成分约占70-80%,胆固醇含量很高,添加剂对人体健康也不利。这无疑使沙拉酱成为一种高热量、高脂肪、高胆固醇的食物,会对人体心血管系统造成不良影响。尤其值得注意的是,因为沙拉酱多用在新鲜果蔬等生冷食材上,会使肠胃消化道负担加重。许多人因为贪图沙拉的美味而过多食用了沙拉酱,引起腹胀、腹泻、反酸、作呕等肠胃不适现象,严重的还诱发了消化道疾病。因此,选择更健康的原材料,开发一种口味良好对肠胃系统有保健功能、低热低油的新型沙拉酱产品很有必要。
发明内容
本发明的基本目的是:以非粮食类抗性淀粉、猴头菇、灰树花、澳洲坚果油、阿拉伯胶、银耳多糖、龙蒿、木糖醇等为主要原料制作对肠胃系统有特定营养保健功能、富含膳食纤维、低油低热、口感良好的健康型沙拉酱。
本发明的主要原料之一是以菠萝蜜籽淀粉制作的抗性淀粉。
抗性淀粉是在人体的小肠中不被消化吸收而被大肠菌群用以发酵的一类淀粉及其降解物。抗性淀粉到达大肠或结肠后被分解为短链脂肪酸,可降低大肠或结肠的pH值,对大肠或结肠有着显著益处,具有预防结肠癌、降低血液胆固醇含量、减少肥胖和结石发病率、增加矿物质吸收、控制糖尿病等生理功能。抗性淀粉是一种新兴的膳食纤维,是食品领域的研究热点。世界卫生组织等机构 1998年联合出版的《人类营养中的碳水化合物》一书中指出,抗性淀粉的发现和利用,是近年来研究碳水化合物与健康关系的一项重要成果
菠萝蜜是极具特色的热带水果,香气浓郁,营养丰富,近年在我国南方的种植、加工业发展迅速,但目前开发多是针对菠萝蜜果肉的利用,而菠萝蜜中约含总重 1/3以上的种子(菠萝蜜籽)则被丢弃,造成资源严重浪费。事实上,菠萝蜜籽煮熟后口味香甜,能补中益气,营养价值很高。菠萝蜜籽主要含有淀粉、蛋白质、还原糖, 其蛋白质富含人体必需的8种氨基酸,属于全价蛋白质。菠萝蜜籽中淀粉含量较高,经过特定加工的菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的生理功能高于普通膳食纤维,具有很好的开发价值。
本发明的第二类原材料为对肠胃系统有特定保健功能的猴头菇及灰树花这两种食用菌。
猴头菇也称为猴头菌、猴头、刺猬菌等。猴头菇含有许多活性物质如芳香族化合物、二萜、甾醇类、多糖蛋白等,它们有许多药理活性,除了具备一般食用菌所具有的提高免疫调节功能、保护心血管等生物活性之外,还对人体消化系统有独特的保健功效,如猴头菇多糖蛋白复合物就有抑制幽门螺旋菌的作用,并对急慢性胃黏膜损伤、消化性溃疡、胃炎等消化道疾病有预防和治疗作用。
灰树花又叫贝叶多孔菌、舞茸,是一种珍稀名贵的药食两用大型真菌。药理试验表明,灰树花有抗高血压、降血糖和血脂、抑制肿瘤的作用,灰树花含有多种生理活性物质,但主要活性成分为多糖类和多酚类。有研究证明,灰树花多糖可显著降低胃溃疡面积,对胃粘膜损伤有保护和修复作用,还可改善肠道病菌感染状态。
此外,这两种食用菌所含丰富的膳食纤维可有效促进人体的胃肠蠕动、加快食物通过肠道、减少吸收、预防腹泻,在大肠中吸收水分软化大便、促进肠道解毒,起到防治便秘、肠道憩室作用。
本发明中作为食用油的原材料为澳洲坚果油。澳洲坚果又称夏威夷果,原产于澳大利亚和新西兰,是世界著名的坚果,目前在中国南方已经大量引种。澳洲坚果果仁含油量高达 65-80%,还富含蛋白质、碳水化合物、钙、磷、铁、B 族维生素和抗糙皮的烟酸,有很高的营养价值,其香味独特,质地细腻,味美可口,是最受欢迎的高级坚果之一,被誉为“坚果之王”。澳洲坚果油品质清香、熔点低,可作上等沙拉油。研究表明,常食用澳洲坚果油能减少致癌物酮衍生物在肠道中形成肿瘤的速率,能预防肠癌,其所含各种营养成分在人体内极易被消化吸收,是胃、肠道最容易吸收的油类,其肠胃保健效果极佳。
在传统的沙拉酱中,均采用鸡蛋作为重要的原材料,这是因为利用蛋黄中的卵磷脂为乳化剂,使油、水形成了水包油型(O/W)乳状液,从而形成稳定的酱体。由于鸡蛋带菌系数高,存在食品安全隐患,因鸡蛋清洗不彻底而造成的沙门氏菌人体感染事件时有发生,鸡蛋的新鲜程度对沙拉酱品质也有一定的影响,鸡蛋黄中的高胆固醇对肠胃不适人群也不利。因此寻找蛋黄替代品制成无蛋沙拉酱已成为市场的新需求。
在本发明中,采用了阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配而成的无蛋天然乳化剂代替蛋黄卵磷脂,可达到满意的效果。阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖是两种天然乳化剂,也是不限制用量的乳化剂,不仅具有较强的乳化、分散、湿润等作用,还有防止老化、抗氧化等重要的生理功能。由于单一乳化剂往往有性质上的局限性,乳化效果不充分,将两种合适的乳化剂进行复配后,就能充分发挥乳化剂的作用,取得协同效应。阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖都是多羟基天然大分子,复配以后形成的复合多糖具有一定的分子极性,与油微滴表面能够以范德华力的形式相互结合,在微滴表面形成良好的亲水胶体膜,防止微滴之间的聚合,从而增加体系的乳化能力和稳定性。这两种多糖复合以后在水溶液中具有一定的黏度,削弱了油滴分子之间由于分子布朗运动而造成的自动聚合,并降低了界面水分子冰点,可显著提高乳液的抗冻融性。
本发明以龙蒿作为沙拉酱的香辛料的原料。龙蒿又名狭叶青蒿,为菊科、蒿属多年生草本植物,我国大部份地区均有分布,尤以我国北部及西北部较多,也可进行家化栽培。龙蒿具有芬芳的辛香气,是西方饮食中的主要调味料。我国龙蒿资源丰富,却至今尚未被开发利用,大量资源被白白浪费。龙蒿还具有很高的药用价值,可广泛用于治疗风寒胃胀、消化不良,其中的黄酮类物质如山奈酚、槲皮黄酮可以促进前列腺素的生成,防止胃粘膜损伤,抑制胃酸的形成,达到抗胃溃疡的作用。此外,这种香辛料不但可以使沙拉酱的香味浓郁,还起到了抗氧化剂、保鲜剂等作用。
本发明的技术方案是:
1.菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的制备: 将新鲜菠萝蜜籽晾干后置于 0.5% NaOH 中浸泡2-10min ,去除内种皮,晒干后置于谷物粉碎机中研磨,过80目筛后用0.1% NaOH 浸泡至分层,静置后倾去上层液,再加入水浸泡至分层,这样反复用 0.1% NaOH 溶液和水浸泡至上层液变澄清后,于转速1000-3000 r/m in 下离心15-30min,弃去上清液,除去上层及底部的残渣,水洗淀粉数次,直至上清液无色,于45℃的烘箱中烘干,制得菠萝蜜籽原淀粉。
将原淀粉用蒸馏水配制成20-40%的淀粉乳液,调节pH为5.0-6.0,沸水煮30-50min后,121℃高温高压处理30-50min。冷却,4℃放置24-48h。重复以上的高温高压和冷却步骤1次,80℃烘干,粉碎过100目筛,得粗抗性淀粉。取粗抗性淀粉用耐热α-淀粉酶在60-80℃水解1-3h,加入过量糖化酶,50-60 ℃水解2-4h,离心(1000-3000rpm,20-50min),弃去上清液,水洗沉淀2-5次,最后用95%乙醇清洗,干燥,粉碎,过200目筛,得纯抗性淀粉。
2. 复合食用菌粉的制备:将灰树花及猴头菇去除泥沙等杂质,切片,清洗干净,沥干水分。然后放入60 ℃ 干燥箱中进行烘制,直至菌片水分含量在3-10% 。将干燥的菌片放入粉碎机中进行粉碎,过200目筛备用。将菌粉放入一定温度的电炒锅中小火炒制,待菌粉散发出焦香味,颜色变黄后起锅,备用。
3. 阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配乳剂的加工:选干燥松脆洁白的银耳在其3-5倍质量的清水中浸泡2-4h,使银耳充分溶胀,置于组织捣碎机中捣碎,形成浆液,直到银耳固体颗粒直径为0.3-1.0mm, 在捣碎的银耳浆中调入相当于银耳干重10-30%的阿拉伯胶,调节物料的特性。调配后的银耳-阿拉伯胶浆送入胶体磨中进行胶磨5-10min后,再送人高压均质机中处理1-3min, 进行第二次细微粉碎,最后将均质得到的悬浮液送入喷雾干燥器进行喷雾干燥,设置进风温度为120-140℃,物料流量为 2.5-5.0 L/h ,出口温度为60-80℃,获得多糖复配乳化剂细粉。
4. 香辛料的制作:
第一步为油浸膏的制作:采集7-8月份龙蒿的的嫩枝、绿叶和顶端黄色的花,晒干后将干品粉碎后过30-50目筛的制成粗粉,然后采用超临界 CO2萃取装置萃取,以50 % 的乙醇为夹带剂,萃取压力为15-35MPa,萃取温度为60-80℃,萃取时间1.5-3 h,夹带剂添加量为原料干重的10-20%,分离压力为10-15MPa,分离温度为15-30℃。制得龙蒿油浸膏,组分得率达原料干重的5-10%。该油浸膏由龙蒿油树脂和龙蒿精油两大类物质组成,集中了龙蒿的主要辛香料有效成分。
第二步为油浸膏的微胶囊化制作:用微胶囊化喷雾干燥法制备龙蒿香料。选用大豆蛋白和麦芽糊精混合后为壁材,用于龙蒿油浸膏的微胶囊化,得到的香辛料产品具有较高的包埋率和溶解性,其中麦芽糊精与大豆蛋白的质量配比为2:1。乳化过程中确定乳化温度为70-85℃﹑乳化搅拌 40-60min﹑均质压力 30-40MPa 为最佳乳化工艺;确定最佳固形物含量 10-20%,最佳芯壁材比为 1-30%;确定进风温度 140-160℃﹑出风温度 70-80℃为较适喷雾干燥工艺。在以上工艺下对龙蒿油浸膏进行微胶囊包埋,制成微胶囊化龙蒿香辛料。结果微胶囊化产率为 80-90%,包埋率为70-85%。
5.其它配料澳洲坚果油、木糖醇、优质食盐、米醋由市场购得。
6. 沙拉酱的配方为(%,w/w):菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉20-30,复合食用菌粉10-20,多糖复配乳化剂细粉5-10,澳洲坚果油20-30,龙蒿香辛料粉0.5-1.0,木糖醇5-8,米醋2-5,食盐1-2,蒸馏水15-25。
7.沙拉酱终端产品生产工艺为:
将抗性淀粉、复合食用菌粉、香辛料粉、木糖醇、食盐充分混合后,加入蒸馏水中,在增力电动搅拌器中进行第一阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min),使其分散均匀;然后加入多糖复配乳剂细粉、20-40%的澳洲坚果油,继续第二阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min);加入米醋及剩余部分的澳洲坚果油,继续第三阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min);然后慢速搅拌(100-300rpm,3-10min)最后将混合物过胶体磨2-5次(每次5-10min),得到沙拉酱终端产品。
该工艺的操作注意点为:变性淀粉需用40-60℃水提前糊化,冷却后备用;多糖复配乳化剂细粉提前用2-5倍水在常温下溶解泡胶。
本发明与类似产品相比,具有以下创新特点:
1.本发明以非油脂性材料和非蛋类材料替代了大部分油脂和全部蛋黄材料,沙拉酱产品含油脂率仅20-30%,而传统沙拉酱的含油脂率为70-80%。尤其重要的是,本产品针对沙拉酱对人体肠胃有不利影响的问题,针对性地选用对肠胃消化系统有显著保健功能的主要原材料(各种主要原材料对肠胃的保健功效在前述的“发明内容”中已有详细介绍),这些原料的有效功能组分多方协同作用,使本发明的产品具备了其它同类产品所没有的肠胃保健功能,具有独特的创新性与实用性。
2.本发明中使用的一些主要原料多可起到一种以上的功效。
如菠萝蜜种子抗性淀粉是一种膳食纤维,同时又代替了增稠剂、人造奶油(反式脂肪酸)、油脂等传统添加物,起到改善沙拉酱物理性质的作用。
复合食用菌粉在提供肠胃生理活性物质的同时,其富含的膳食纤维可与抗性淀粉形成复合网络结构,强化了抗性淀粉的活性。
阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配乳化剂在替代蛋黄作为天然生物乳化剂以改善乳化功能外,其中的阿拉伯胶是重要的食用纤维,银耳中多糖是改善人体免疫功能重要组分,它们都既是产品中的营养组分,又是材料成型物质,大大提升了产品的保健营养功效。
澳洲坚果油富含不饱和脂肪酸,在改善沙拉酱的口味同时,又可预防肠癌作用,在人体内极易被消化吸收,肠胃保健效果极佳,其中含的大量维生素 E 和硒等抗氧化物质具有延缓衰老和抗肿瘤等作用。
作为香辛料的龙蒿油提取物不但可以使沙拉酱的香味浓郁,还起到了抗氧化剂、保鲜剂等作用,同时对风寒胃胀、消化不良、抗胃粘膜损伤、抗胃溃疡有良好功效。该香辛料通过微胶囊化后,可有效防止了香辛料中的油脂氧化,而且使龙蒿油成为粉末状,便于贮存及使用,并使香味释放持久缓和。
3. 本发明产品是一种有保健功能的沙拉酱,是高端的农产品加工产品,但大部分原料来源于低价农产品,是对资源进行创造性利用,可大幅度提供其经济附加值,产品成本也可以明显下降。其中:
菠萝蜜在我国南方的种植、加工业迅速发展,但菠萝蜜中约含总重量的 1/3以上的种子被丢弃,在本发明中被加工利用成为高端膳食纤维,作为油脂原料的替代物。
我国龙蒿资源丰富,但未被开发利用,大量资源被浪费。在本发明中龙蒿提取物成为重要的香辛料。
本发明中使用的灰树花、猴头菇、银耳食用菌等原料在保证组分品质良好的前提下,可以利用外观大小不均匀、破碎的廉价子实体为原料粉碎加工利用。
具体实施方式
1.菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的制备: 将新鲜菠萝蜜籽晾干后置于 0.5% NaOH 中浸泡5min, 去除内种皮,晒干后置于谷物粉碎机中研磨,过80目筛后用0.1% NaOH 浸泡至分层,静置后倾去上层液,再加入水浸泡至分层,这样反复用 0.1% NaOH 溶液和水浸泡至上层液变澄清后,于转速2000 rpm 下离心20 min,弃去上清液,除去上层及底部的残渣,水洗淀粉数次,直至上清液无色,于45 ℃的烘箱中烘干,制得菠萝蜜籽原淀粉。
将原淀粉用蒸馏水配制成30%的淀粉乳液,调节pH为5.5,沸水煮40min后,121℃高温高压处理45min,冷却。4℃放置30h。重复高温高压和冷却步骤1次,80℃烘干,粉碎过100目筛得粗抗性淀粉。取粗抗性淀粉用耐热α-淀粉酶在70℃水解2h,加入过量糖化酶,(55℃水解3h,离心2000rpm,30min),弃去上清液,水洗沉淀3次,最后用95%乙醇清洗,干燥,粉碎,过200目筛,得纯抗性淀粉。
2.复合食用菌粉的制备:将灰树花菌及猴头菇去除泥沙等杂质,切片,然后清洗干净,沥干水分。放入60 ℃ 干燥箱中进行烘制,直至菌片水分含量在5% 。将干燥的菌片放入粉碎机中进行粉碎,过200目筛备用。将菌粉放入一定温度的电炒锅中小火炒制,待菌粉散发出焦香味,颜色变黄后起锅,备用。
3.阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配乳剂的加工:选干燥松脆洁白的银耳在其4倍质量的清水中浸泡3h,使银耳充分溶胀,置于组织捣碎机中捣碎,形成浆液,直到银耳固体颗粒直径为0.3-1.0mm, 在捣碎的银耳浆中调入银耳干重的25%的阿拉伯胶以调节物料的特性。调配后的银耳-阿拉伯胶浆送入胶体磨中进行胶磨8min后,再送人高压均质机中处理2min,进行第二次细微粉碎,最后将均质得到的悬浮液送入喷雾干燥器进行喷雾干燥,设置进风温度为100℃,物料流量为 3.0 L/h ,出口温度为65℃,获得多糖复配乳剂细粉。
4.香辛料的制作:
第一步为油浸膏的制作:采集龙蒿的7-8月份的嫩枝、绿叶和顶端黄色的花,晒干后将干品粉碎后过40目筛得粗粉,采用超临界 CO2萃取装置萃取,以50 % 的乙醇为夹带剂,萃取压力为20MPa,萃取温度为75℃,萃取时间2h,夹带剂添加量为原料干重的15%,分离压力为12MPa,分离温度为20℃,制得龙蒿油浸膏,组分得率达原料干重的8.5%。该油浸膏由龙蒿油树脂和龙蒿精油两大类物质,集中了龙蒿的主要辛香料有效成分。
第二步为油浸膏的微胶囊化制作:用微胶囊化喷雾干燥法制备龙蒿香料。选用大豆蛋白和麦芽糊精混合后为壁材,用于龙蒿油浸膏的微胶囊化,得到的香辛料产品具有较高的包埋率和溶解性,其中麦芽糊精与大豆蛋白的合适的配比为2:1。乳化过程中确定乳化温度为75℃﹑乳化搅拌 50min﹑均质压力 33MPa 为最佳乳化工艺;确定最佳固形物含量14%,最佳芯壁材比为 20%;确定进风温度 150℃﹑出风温度 75℃为较适喷雾干燥工艺。在以上工艺下对龙蒿油浸膏进行微胶囊包埋,制成微胶囊化龙蒿香辛料。结果微胶囊化产率为 85%,包埋率为75%。
5. 其它配料澳洲坚果油、木糖醇、优质食盐、米醋由市场购得。
6. 沙拉酱的配方为(%,w/w):菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉25,复合食用菌粉12,多糖复配乳剂细粉8,澳洲坚果油22,龙蒿香辛料粉0.6,木糖醇6,米醋3.9,食盐1.5,蒸馏水21。
7.沙拉酱终端产品生产工艺为:
将抗性淀粉、复合食用菌粉、香辛料粉、木糖醇、食盐充分混合后,加入蒸馏水中,在增力电动搅拌器中进行第一阶段的快速搅拌(800rpm,5min),使其分散均匀;然后加入30%的澳洲坚果油、多糖复配乳剂细粉,继续第二阶段的快速搅拌(800rpm,5min);加入米醋及剩余部分的澳洲坚果油,继续第三阶段的快速搅拌(800rpm,5min);慢速搅拌(200rpm,8min)然后最后将混合物过胶体磨4次(每次8min),得到沙拉酱终端产品。
该工艺的操作注意点为:变性淀粉需用55℃水提前糊化,冷却后备用;多糖复配乳化剂细粉提前用3倍水在常温下溶解泡胶。
Claims (1)
1.一种肠胃保健型沙拉酱的生产方法,其特征在于:
1)菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉的制备: 将新鲜菠萝蜜籽晾干后置于 0.5% NaOH 中浸泡2-10min ,去除内种皮,晒干后置于谷物粉碎机中研磨,过80目筛后用0.1% NaOH 浸泡至分层,静置后倾去上层液,再加入水浸泡至分层,这样反复用 0.1% NaOH 溶液和水浸泡至上层液变澄清后,于转速1000-3000 r/m in 下离心15-30min,弃去上清液,除去上层及底部的残渣,水洗淀粉数次,直至上清液无色,于45℃的烘箱中烘干,制得菠萝蜜籽原淀粉;将原淀粉用蒸馏水配制成20-40%的淀粉乳液,调节pH为5.0-6.0,沸水煮30-50min后,121℃高温高压处理30-50min;冷却,4℃放置24-48h;重复以上的高温高压和冷却步骤1次,80℃烘干,粉碎过100目筛,得粗抗性淀粉;取粗抗性淀粉用耐热α-淀粉酶在60-80℃水解1-3h,加入过量糖化酶,50-60 ℃水解2-4h,离心(1000-3000rpm,20-50min),弃去上清液,水洗沉淀2-5次,最后用95%乙醇清洗,干燥,粉碎,过200目筛,得纯抗性淀粉;
2)复合食用菌粉的制备:将灰树花及猴头菇去除泥沙等杂质,切片,清洗干净,沥干水分;然后放入60 ℃ 干燥箱中进行烘制,直至菌片水分含量在3-10%;将干燥的菌片放入粉碎机中进行粉碎,过200目筛备用;将菌粉放入一定温度的电炒锅中小火炒制,待菌粉散发出焦香味,颜色变黄后起锅,备用;
3) 阿拉伯胶和银耳多糖复配乳剂的加工:选干燥松脆洁白的银耳在其3-5倍质量的清水中浸泡2-4h,使银耳充分溶胀,置于组织捣碎机中捣碎,形成浆液,直到银耳固体颗粒直径为0.3-1.0mm, 在捣碎的银耳浆中调入相当于银耳干重10-30%的阿拉伯胶,调节物料的特性;调配后的银耳-阿拉伯胶浆送入胶体磨中进行胶磨5-10min后,再送人高压均质机中处理1-3min, 进行第二次细微粉碎,最后将均质得到的悬浮液送入喷雾干燥器进行喷雾干燥,设置进风温度为120-140℃,物料流量为 2.5-5.0 L/h ,出口温度为60-80℃,获得多糖复配乳化剂细粉;
4)香辛料的制作:第一步为油浸膏的制作:采集7-8月份龙蒿的的嫩枝、绿叶和顶端黄色的花,晒干后将干品粉碎后过30-50目筛的制成粗粉,然后采用超临界 CO2萃取装置萃取,以50 % 的乙醇为夹带剂,萃取压力为15-35MPa,萃取温度为60-80℃,萃取时间1.5-3h,夹带剂添加量为原料干重的10-20%,分离压力为10-15MPa,分离温度为15-30℃;制得龙蒿油浸膏,组分得率达原料干重的5-10%;该油浸膏由龙蒿油树脂和龙蒿精油两大类物质组成,集中了龙蒿的主要辛香料有效成分;第二步为油浸膏的微胶囊化制作:用微胶囊化喷雾干燥法制备龙蒿香料;选用大豆蛋白和麦芽糊精混合后为壁材,用于龙蒿油浸膏的微胶囊化,得到的香辛料产品具有较高的包埋率和溶解性,其中麦芽糊精与大豆蛋白的质量配比为2:1;乳化过程中确定乳化温度为70-85℃﹑乳化搅拌 40-60min﹑均质压力 30-40MPa 为最佳乳化工艺;确定最佳固形物含量 10-20%,最佳芯壁材比为 1-30%;确定进风温度 140-160℃﹑出风温度 70-80℃为较适喷雾干燥工艺;在以上工艺下对龙蒿油浸膏进行微胶囊包埋,制成微胶囊化龙蒿香辛料;结果微胶囊化产率为 80-90%,包埋率为70-85%;
5)其它配料澳洲坚果油、木糖醇、优质食盐、米醋由市场购得;
6)沙拉酱的配方为(%,w/w):菠萝蜜籽抗性淀粉20-30,复合食用菌粉10-20,多糖复配乳化剂细粉5-10,澳洲坚果油20-30,龙蒿香辛料粉0.5-1.0,木糖醇5-8,米醋2-5,食盐1-2,蒸馏水15-25;
7)沙拉酱终端产品生产工艺为:将抗性淀粉、复合食用菌粉、香辛料粉、木糖醇、食盐充分混合后,加入蒸馏水中,在增力电动搅拌器中进行第一阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min),使其分散均匀;然后加入多糖复配乳剂细粉、20-40%的澳洲坚果油,继续第二阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min);加入米醋及剩余部分的澳洲坚果油,继续第三阶段的快速搅拌(500-900rpm,3-10min);然后慢速搅拌(100-300rpm,3-10min)最后将混合物过胶体磨2-5次(每次5-10min),得到沙拉酱终端产品。
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