CN104411659B - 分段之胶体复合物及从该复合物制造之刚性面板 - Google Patents

分段之胶体复合物及从该复合物制造之刚性面板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104411659B
CN104411659B CN201380034713.3A CN201380034713A CN104411659B CN 104411659 B CN104411659 B CN 104411659B CN 201380034713 A CN201380034713 A CN 201380034713A CN 104411659 B CN104411659 B CN 104411659B
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Prior art keywords
sheet material
fiber
segmentation
oxide
glue compound
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CN104411659A (zh
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O·R·埃文斯
I·梅尔尼科娃
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Aspen Air Gel
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Aspen Aerogels Inc
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Abstract

本发明是描述多种使用分段之纤维或开孔发泡强化件及胶体前驱物剂制造胶体复合物的方法。此外,本发明亦描述从所得胶体复合物所制造之刚性面板。该胶体复合物是相对可挠性以致足以卷绕,且当解开时,可被拉平且使用粘着剂制作成刚性面板。

Description

分段之胶体复合物及从该复合物制造之刚性面板
技术领域
本发明有关有用于多种工业和居家应用的强化复合物的领域。
背景技术
本发明涉及基于气溶胶及类气溶胶材料之卷制绝缘产品的制造。业经开发用于多种应用的展现极低密度、高表面积、良好的光学、热学及声学特性的气溶胶。然而,气溶胶具有固有的缺点,如弱性(weakness)及脆性。多种类型的强化件可用以增加气溶胶的强度、可挠性及其他重要特性。纤维强化气溶胶复合物可自下述步骤所制作:在胶体前驱物中添加松散纤维或非织物纤维片材,将该组合胶化以制作胶体片材,老化该胶体片材,以及,干燥所形成的胶体片材。
先前,业经使用展现极低密度、高表面积、良好的光学、热学及声学特性的气溶胶,以尝试解决此需求以及使它们特性具有优势的其他需求。然而,气溶胶具有固有的缺点,如弱性及脆性。特别是,当制作成高度透明且疏水的气溶胶时,脆性变得更加严重,因此,它们更难以处理,且为了避免破裂,需要长循环时间进行流体干燥。
低密度气溶胶的弱性及脆性对于大规模制备及限制大规模制造尤其具有负面影响。此外,具有较低密度的气溶胶可具有最优选的透明性,但亦展现更高的热导率,并因此展现更差的绝缘效能。
气溶胶的易碎结构(低密度及高孔隙度)亦于遵循不规则表面或于动态调节下维持完整性方面造成若干困难,例如当夹置于玻璃之间时,玻璃与气溶胶之间不同的热膨胀系数导致压缩力。故,可挠性、可压缩性、整体性、耐久性、强度、耐烧结性、抗尘性及抗裂性全部皆为气溶胶及气溶胶复合物的潜在改善领域。
业经作出许多尝试以改良气溶胶及气溶胶复合物,从而解决此等问题并充分地利用它们气溶胶及气溶胶复合物作为材料的非凡特性。某些专利描述了以发泡及粒状气溶胶制作成复合物的尝试,举例而言,欧洲专利EP0489319,以及美国专利第6,136,216号、第5,691,392号、第6,040,375号及第6,068,882号。其他专利,举例而言,美国专利第4,966,919号、第5,037,859号、第5,972,254号、第5,973,015号及第6,087,407号,以及美国专利申请公开案第2002/0094426号描述了其他具有或不具有发泡的气溶胶或气溶胶复合物。某些专利,例如美国专利申请公开案第2005/0192367号及美国专利申请案第11/392,925序号描述了透明气溶胶或气溶胶复合物。
发明内容
本发明描述新颖的纤维强化胶体复合物及制造纤维或开孔发泡强化胶体复合物的制程,包含下列步骤:提供分段的纤维絮片材或分段的开孔发泡片材,将该片材与胶体前驱物组合,将该组合中的胶体前驱物胶化以制作成复合物片材,卷制该复合物,以及,干燥该复合物以制作成纤维强化胶体复合物。此外,可进一步实施将经干燥的复合物展开,将粘着剂施用至该复合物的至少一面(及优选为主要面),以及,使其粘贴至另一平面材料。此平面材料为可以类似方式制造的另一种复合物。
此外,描述制造胶体复合物面板的制程,其包含下列步骤:提供具有至少两个主要表面及多个分段的横截表面(优选为包括其中段未在整个厚度有刻划的部分横捷表面)的干燥、分段的纤维强化或开孔发泡的胶体复合物复合物片材,将粘着剂施用至该复合物的至少一个主要表面,以及,将该复合物粘贴至另一干燥、分段的胶体复合物。
此外,描述制造强化胶体复合物的制程,其包含下列步骤:提供分段的开孔发泡片材,将该开孔发泡片材与胶体前驱物组合,将该组合中的前驱物胶化以制作成复合物,卷制该复合物,以及,干燥该复合物以制作成强化胶体复合物。任何前述制程的分段的纤维絮片材或该分段的开孔发泡片材可具有粘贴至其的面层或面片材。此等面层可包含纤维。本发明的制程的纤维絮或非织物可包含非连续性纤维或非连续性丝。
此外,上述制程包括将选自下列所组成群组的添加剂并入该复合物的步骤:二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、硅酸锆、氧化锆、氧化铁(II)、氧化铁(III)、二氧化锰、氧化钛铁(钛铁矿)、氧化铬、及其组合。
于额外的具体实施例中,上述制程包括将至少一种粘合剂加入该纤维或使用包含至少一种粘合剂的纤维或纤维系统的步骤。本发明的制程涉及使用其中至少一个片段为刚性的分段的纤维絮。
于额外的具体实施例中,本发明的制程于纤维强化胶体复合物中使用胶体,是选自下列所组成群组的一种或多种材料或其衍生物:氧化锆、氧化钇、氧化铪、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化铈、氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚糠醇、酚糠醇、三聚氰胺甲醛、间苯二酚甲醛、甲酚甲醛、酚甲醛、聚乙烯醇二醛、聚氰脲酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、多种环氧化物、琼脂、琼脂糖、及其组合。于额外的具体实施例中,本发明的开孔发泡片材包括一种或多种选自下列者的材料:聚氨酯、异氰酸酯系材料、聚异氰酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚氯乙烯、保丽龙、聚硅氧烷、聚烯烃、环氧化物、尿素-甲醛、乳胶橡胶、氟聚合物以及合成发泡。
于本发明的纤维絮片材、面层或分段的纤维强化胶体复合物中的纤维包括一种或多种选自下列所组成群组的材料:矿物绵,玻璃绵,石棉,玻璃纤维,聚酯,聚烯烃对苯二甲酸酯,聚萘二甲酸乙二酯,聚碳酸酯,嫘萦,尼龙,棉系莱卡(Lycra)(由杜邦公司(DuPont)制造),碳系纤维如石墨,碳纤维的前驱物如聚丙烯腈(PAN)、氧化的PAN、未碳化的经热处理的PAN如SGL carbon公司所制造者,以玻璃纤维为主的材料如S-玻璃、901玻璃、902玻璃、475玻璃、E-玻璃,氧化硅系纤维如石英、quartzel(由Saint-Gobain公司制造)、Q-毡(由JohnsManville公司制造)、Saffil(由Saffil公司制造)、Durablanket(由Unifrax公司制造)及其他氧化硅纤维,聚芳族酰胺(polyaramid)纤维如Kevalr、Nomex、Sontera(全部由杜邦公司制造),Conex(由Taijin公司制造),聚烯烃如Tyvek(由杜邦公司制造)、Dyneema(由DSM公司制造)、Spectra(由Honeywell公司制造)、其他聚丙烯纤维如Typar、Xavan(两者皆由杜邦公司制造),氟聚合物如商品名为Teflon的PTFE(由杜邦公司制造)、Goretex(由GORE公司制造),碳化硅纤维如Nicalon(由COI Ceramics公司制造),陶瓷纤维如Nextel(由3M公司制造),丙烯酸系聚合物,羊毛、丝、麻、皮革、麂皮的纤维,PBO-Zylon纤维(由Tyobo公司制造),液晶材料如Vectan(由Hoechst公司制造),Cambrelle纤维(由杜邦公司制造),聚氨酯,聚酰胺,木纤维,硼、铝、铁、不锈钢纤维,及其他热塑材料如PEEK、PES、PEI、PEK、PPS,及其组合。
此外,于本发明中描述的用于制作面板的制程是使用选自下列所组成群组的一种或多种粘着剂:钾水玻璃、钠水玻璃、胶合剂(cement)及碱活化的铝硅酸盐、聚乙烯、凯通(kapton)、聚氨酯、聚酯、天然橡胶、合成橡胶、海波纶(hypalon)、塑胶合金、PTFE、聚卤乙烯、聚酯、氯丁烯橡胶、丙烯酸类、腈类、EPDM、EP、氟橡胶(viton)、乙烯类、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、丙烯酰胺类、酚类及其组合。自上述制程所制成的强化胶体复合物的热导率于周边条件是低于25mW/mK。
描述分段的纤维强化或开孔发泡的胶体复合物,其中,该胶体于至少一段中连续通过该纤维,以及于至少二个相邻段之间存在至少一个间隙。本文中揭示的间隙是意指,该等相邻段的纤维及胶体两者具有不连续性。此间隙不需要贯穿纤维强化片材、开孔发泡片材或产生的复合物片材的整个厚度而存在,而是可部分贯穿该厚度而存在。
此外,所描述的刚性面板包含至少两层纤维强化或开孔发泡强化的胶体复合物层,其中,至少一层包含分段的纤维强化胶体复合物,其至少二个相邻段之间的纤维及胶体两者中有至少一个间隙。于具体实施例中,本发明的胶体复合物或面板复包含选自下列所组成群组的填料:二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、硅酸锆、氧化锆、氧化铁(II)、氧化铁(III)、二氧化锰、氧化钛铁(钛铁矿)、氧化铬、及其组合。于另一具体实施例中,本发明的面板或复合物于该纤维结构中复包含至少一种粘合剂。
于另一具体实施例中,本发明的面板或复合物的分段的纤维絮或分段的开孔发泡片材具有与其粘贴的面层或片材。该面片材可包含纤维。本发明的纤维絮可包含非连续性纤维或连续性长丝或其组合。于一具体实施例中,面片材具有针对实际应用的合理的水蒸气渗透率,同时不让液态水穿过。于另一具体实施例中,面片材让水和水蒸气两者穿过。于又另一具体实施例中,面片材实质上不让液态水或水蒸气穿过。
此外,本发明的面板或复合物可复包含选自下列所组成群组的添加剂:二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、硅酸锆、氧化锆、氧化铁(II)、氧化铁(III)、二氧化锰、氧化钛铁(钛铁矿)、氧化铬或其组合。
此外,本发明的面板或复合物可于该纤维中复包含至少一种粘合剂,或使用包含至少一种粘合剂的纤维。该粘合剂的本质可为有机获无机,或为杂化材料。于一具体实施例中,于前述面板或复合物中,该分段的纤维絮的至少一段可为刚性。
此外,本发明的面板或复合物具有自下列的胶体前驱物制作成的成份:氧化锆、氧化钇、氧化铪、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化铈、氧化硅、聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚糠醇、酚糠醇、三聚氰胺甲醛、间苯二酚甲醛、甲酚甲醛、酚甲醛、聚乙烯醇二醛、聚氰脲酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、多种环氧化物、琼脂、纤维素、琼脂糖、及其组合。
此外,本发明的面板或复合物中的纤维是选自下列所组成群组:矿物绵,玻璃绵,玻璃纤维,聚酯,聚烯烃对苯二甲酸酯,聚萘二甲酸乙二酯,聚碳酸酯,嫘萦,尼龙,棉系莱卡(由杜邦公司制造),碳系纤维如石墨,碳纤维的前驱物如聚丙烯腈(PAN)、氧化的PAN、未碳化的经热处理的PAN如SGL carbon公司所制造者,以玻璃纤维为主的材料如S-玻璃、901玻璃、902玻璃、475玻璃、E-玻璃,氧化硅系纤维如石英、quartzel(由Saint-Gobain公司制造)、Q-毡(由Johns Manville公司制造)、Saffil(由Saffil公司制造)、Durablanket(由Unifrax公司制造)及其他氧化硅纤维,聚芳族酰胺纤维如Kevalr、Nomex、Sontera(全部由杜邦公司制造),Conex(由Taijin公司制造),聚烯烃如Tyvek(由杜邦公司制造)、Dyneema(由DSM公司制造)、Spectra(由Honeywell公司制造)、其他聚丙烯纤维如Typar、Xavan(两者皆由杜邦公司制造),氟聚合物如商品名为Teflon的PTFE(由杜邦公司制造)、Goretex(由GORE公司制造),碳化硅纤维如Nicalon(由COI Ceramics公司制造),陶瓷纤维如Nextel(由3M公司制造),丙烯酸系聚合物,羊毛、丝、麻、皮革、麂皮的纤维,PBO-Zylon纤维(由Tyobo公司制造),液晶材料如Vectan(由Hoechst公司制造),Cambrelle纤维(由杜邦公司制造),聚氨酯,聚酰胺,木纤维,硼、铝、铁、不锈钢纤维,及其他热塑材料如PEEK、PES、PEI、PEK、PPS,及其组合。
此外,本发明的面板包括选自下列所组成群组的粘着剂:钾水玻璃、钠水玻璃、胶合剂及碱活化的铝硅酸盐、聚乙烯、凯通、聚氨酯、聚酯、天然橡胶、合成橡胶、海波纶、塑胶合金、PTFE、聚卤乙烯、聚酯、氯丁烯橡胶、丙烯酸类、腈类、EPDM、EP、氟橡胶、乙烯类、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯、丙烯酰胺类、酚类及其组合。于一具体实施例中,本发明的面板或复合物于周边条件时具有低于25mW/mK的视热传导系数。
附图说明
图1是例示性说明使用本来状态(不分段)的旋转玻璃非织物所制造的气溶胶复合物。
图2是例示性说明使用具有增加的刚性的刻划非织物产物制造的气溶胶复合物的的示意图。
图3是例示性说明以非分段的玻璃绵片材制造的干燥胶体复合物(上图)与以分段的玻璃绵片材制造的干燥胶体复合物(下图)的比较。
图4是例示性说明分段的湿胶体复合物与分段的干燥胶体复合物。
图5是例示性说明分段的气溶胶/纤维复合物经面板化成为板料(board stock)。
图6是例示性说明以分段的纤维强化件片材及胶体前驱物开始的刚性面板的制造。
图7是例示性说明纤维强化件的替代具体实施例,其中,分段大小沿着该纤维强化件的长度逐渐变化。
实施方式
于本发明的具体实施例的上下文中,「气溶胶」或「气溶胶材料」及其各别的单数形式意指,广义上为含有作为分散介质的空气的胶体,狭义上为以超临界流体干燥的胶体、在超临界条件下的液体、于稍微升高的压力下干燥、于升高的温度、使用冷冻干燥技术干燥及其组合;以及以超临界流体干燥。气溶胶的化学组成可为无机、有机(包括聚合物)或有机-无机杂化。无机气溶胶可以基于氧化硅、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化铪、氧化钇、氧化铈、碳化物及氮化物。有机气溶胶可以基于下述者的化合物,其包含,但并不限于:脲烷、间苯二酚甲醛、聚酰亚胺、聚丙烯酸酯、几丁聚醣、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸酯寡聚物家族的成员、三烷氧基硅烷基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚氧伸烷基、聚氨酯、聚丁二烯、三聚氰胺-甲醛、酚-糠醛、聚醚材料家族的成员、或其组合。有机-无机杂化气溶胶的实例包括,但不限于:氧化硅-PMMA、氧化硅-几丁聚醣、氧化硅-聚醚、或可能为前述有机及无机化合物的组合。已公开的美国专利申请案第2005/0192367号及第2005/0192366号广泛教示此等有机-无机杂化材料,且藉由引用方式而整体并入本文。
适用于本发明的气溶胶包括此等藉由纤维性结构强化的气溶胶。此等强化件对气溶胶结构提供强度及可挠性。美国专利第6068882号、第6087407号、第6770584号、第5124101号、第5973015号、第6479416号、第5789075号、第5866027号、第5786059号、第5972254号、第4363738号及第4447345号,PCT申请案WO9627726,美国专利申请案第20020094426号及第2003077438号,日本专利JP8034678,英国专利GB1205572教示一些可以本发明的具体实施例实行的气溶胶材料。此等文件是藉由引用方式并入本文,以至少部份地教示制造此等可挠性气溶胶材料的方法。可挠性气溶胶材料亦可具有作为毯或薄带的形状因子。尽管本发明的许多具体实施例聚焦于涂覆气溶胶复合物,它们亦可用以涂覆其他形式的气溶胶。
当适宜地施用纤维强化件时,其是导致可挠性气溶胶材料。气溶胶材料的此可挠性是适用于多种应用中,其中,所述气溶胶材料可作为现存材料的偶然的替代品(drop-in-replacement)。然而,可挠性有时亦导致某些对于气溶胶结构的损害。尽管其可能不影响气溶胶材料的其他关键特性,其可能妨害物理处理。于多个具体实施例中,本发明提供最小化此损害的影响,并进一步防止任何此损害的材料自材料基质移出的方法。因此,藉由本发明的方法,避免且实质上减少任何与此气溶胶材料表面上的气溶胶粒状材料相关的后续的机械处理问题。
业经显示,对现有住宅、建筑及结构进行具有高耐热性的绝缘性的改造(retrofit)可显著降低能量损耗及相应的CO2排放。对于发展建筑及营造市场用的以气溶胶为主的绝缘材料业已存在强烈需求。对于不涉及空心墙及/或顶楼绝缘的应用,用于此市场的优选产物是刚性面板。例如,许多建筑的内部或外部改造涉及非可挠性板材如矿物绵或EPS发泡的安装。过去十年中,制造具有R-值高于目前市场上贩售者的热绝缘材料的刚性面板重新引起人们的兴趣。一直对于以高效能气溶胶为主的绝缘特别有兴趣。目前,纤维强化气溶胶绝缘是以厚度不超过10mm的可挠性耐久复合物毯的形式而大量商业获得。多层的此等材料典型地使用粘着剂层压的,以制备更大厚度的刚性板。由于以可挠性气溶胶为主的绝缘必需制成卷制品,其可具有一定程度的翘曲、波状及/或厚度改变形式的卷绕缺陷,且由此而需要采用冗长的制程及品质控制以处理这些问题。此等缺陷的存在使得可挠性气溶胶材料层压为刚性板材颇具挑战性。由于在层压过程中无法达到各独立层的全表面相连(mating),具有表面缺陷的各层的气溶胶绝缘导致不完全的表面粘合。以此种方式所制备的面板可含有大量空洞及缺陷,该孔洞及缺陷不仅影响机械强度,而且亦影响整体热学效能。因此,对于消除此等材料的表面缺陷存在强烈需求,该表面缺陷主要归因于藉由卷绕及解开的应力以及典型与卷制品制造相关的应力。与可挠性复合物气溶胶绝缘的制备相关的卷绕及解开制程亦呈现使用以刚性纤维为主的材料作为此等复合物用的强化件的挑战。具有高粘合剂含量的纤维性材料及/或刚性的材料,无法在没有承受以脱层、翘曲及/或撕裂形式的大量缺陷下而承受卷制品制造的卷绕/解开制程。由于实质上改善的经济,对于能将成本更低的具高粘合剂含量的纤维性强化件用于制备可挠性气溶胶绝缘具有强烈需求。迄今为止,此等类型的强化件材料的刚性过高,以致无法在没有于折叠、撕裂及脱层的存在下展现非一致性而环绕具小半径的心轴卷绕。因此,对于发展可在不造成与卷绕相关的损害的情况下,能进行此材料的卷绕及此材料后续的气溶胶处理的制程存在需求。对于本专利申请案的目标,刚性面板意指具有实际可安装表面积(自0.1至10m2)的面板,其是具有支撑其自身重量而不弯曲至妨碍该面板的实际处理及安装的程度的能力。虽然可藉由将非刚性平面材料粘贴至另一刚性材料而制作成刚性面板,如上述定义的刚性面板排除此粘贴的组合,且本发明的刚性面板集中于通过粘着剂所粘贴的一层或多层胶体-复合物层,或为上述的刚性。
本发明亦描述使用具有增加的刚性的低成本纤维性基板或开孔发泡基材制造以平面气溶胶为主的板的有效率方法。通常,此等基板不适合在用于涉及制造卷制品形式胶体复合物的多种制程的筒状容器中进行标准加工。为了最大化筒状容器的体积并降低与制备相关的固定成本,容器的有效率利用是需要制造卷制品形式的纤维强化气溶胶材料。因此,用以强化气溶胶的纤维强化件需要具有足以承受卷绕及解开的可挠性。具有过高的刚性的材料及/或具有高粘合剂含量的材料通常无法加工好,且典型导致制造出具有大量折叠、翘曲、脱层及撕裂形式的缺陷的气溶胶复合物(图1)。故,使用此等刚性强化件所形成的最终产物不适合用于制备平面板材(其是用于建筑及营造应用的优选产品形式)。此等产品中的过量缺陷缩减了热效能、材料整体性,并使得任何加工制程严重复杂化。
吾等已发现,刚性非织物纤维强化件或开孔发泡强化件的纵向分段(横跨该毯的宽度)赋予足够的可挠性,以致于该产物可以最小的脱层或翘曲的方式而被卷绕/解开。于另一具体实施例中,面片材是整合于该毯的一侧上,以提供额外的拉伸强度。分段的非织物毯可藉由多种方法或发明所属技术领域中习知的任何其他实际方式制备的,该多种方法包括,横跨其厚度部份地刻划该非织物,将单独的段粘贴至面片材,由此创造与该面片材一起连结的分段片材,一路刻划该非织物片材且粘贴面片材。于本文件中,术语「分段」与「刻划」可互换地使用,意指制作成分段的片材的制程,其中,该段是藉由面片材结合在一起。或者,进行该刻划(切割)小于该片材的厚度,以致于该分段的片材仍为一片,并藉由其厚度并未于该刻划制程中切透的部份结合在一起。某些经刻划的非织物片材是市场可得。一实例是来自Isolparma S.r.l.的Isoroll MW的矿物绵非织物。该分段的非织物片材是藉由面片材/幕材(veil)是通过该纤维强化气溶胶复合物制备制程以及后续的刚性面板加工予以实施,参见图2至图6的示意图。该非织物纤维强化件可被有效率地卷绕为筒状形式,而且自其制造的任何胶体灌注片材可被解开成小损害或无损害的类似平板形状。这允许使用平输送带进行湿胶体/纤维复合物的有效率浇铸以及最终湿胶体复合物的卷绕,使涉及使用筒状容器的制程能够有效率地被利用。或者,分段的非织物片材可与相邻其主要表面的另一非渗透层预卷绕,胶体前驱物可沿着卷绕轴注入该纤维基质中,于胶体形成之后随的展开,并进一步加工以制造干燥分段的胶体复合物。更重要地,如以筒状形式所制备的胶体复合物中相邻段之间的大多数可见空气间隙,于解开为平材之后有效地消失,确保典型气溶胶-纤维复合物的热效能得以维持。最终的材料可被解开成接近完美的平面板,使适用于建筑及营造应用的刚性面板或以气溶胶为主的板能够有效率地被制备。令人惊奇且出乎意料者是,当卷绕(无论作为湿或干胶体)时,该间隙(亦即,二个相邻段之间的间隙)有整齐的分离线,但不破坏该湿或干胶体。自本发明中描述的胶体前驱物所制作的气溶胶及其他干燥胶体是易碎材料,当其遭受任何应力时,具有破裂及损坏的倾向。然而,吾等已发现是存在一制程,于该制程中,干燥的胶体于该间隙处有整齐的破裂线,故,当后续解开时,产生实质平面的表面。这允许平面板的有效率制造。再者,即使适合卷绕及解开,个别段仍是刚性。此分段刚性允许使用各种粘着剂、使用非粘着性机械固定剂、针刺所制备的复合物或使用外来的纤维缝制,而以两种或更多种如是制造的纤维强化胶体复合物片材制造刚性面板。
吾等已缩小本发明至以藉由制备量测值为36”长及8”宽的小规模气溶胶复合物卷而实行。详而言,吾等已使用以分段的旋转玻璃为主的玻璃绵片材和其它市场中可得的矿物绵片材,以于卷制品制程中制造胶体复合物材料。该非织物及胶体复合物是环绕直径为6”的心轴卷绕。使用标准氧化硅气溶胶前驱物(四乙氧基硅烷及其衍生物),用此玻璃绵片材(沿着其长度以1”或2”之间隔刻划或分段)制备湿胶体复合物,并于12分钟的胶体脱水期后,将其随的卷绕6”直径。卷绕时,该湿胶体于该刻划处(或分段处)整齐地断裂,以使可挠性和维持该纤维/气溶胶段的整体性为可能的(图4)。或者,分段的纤维絮或分段的开孔发泡片材可卷制成筒状,并且放在筒状容器中,而且胶-前驱物可渗入或浸渗入纤维或开孔发泡基质中,接着以此组合胶化。真空或压力施用可用以促进具有胶体-前驱物的纤维絮或开孔发泡的渗入或浸渗。
现在,经卷绕的湿胶体/纤维复合物于筒状容器中进行老化,冲洗及超临界CO2萃取的处理,且其具有理想形状以最大化该筒状容器体积。于藉由超临界CO2萃取移除溶剂或其它本申请案中其它处描述的其它干燥技术之后,该材料维持足够的可挠性,以致于其可被解开成平面材。与使用相同类型的非分段的玻璃绵片材所制备的气溶胶复合物对比,使用分段的玻璃绵片材已显著降低/消除任何与卷绕及解开步骤相关的任何材料缺陷。该分段的胶体复合物维持可挠性,以致于其可被解开并面板化以制备板材(第4、5及6图)。
吾等亦已成功说明,分段的气溶胶/纤维复合物的使用可用以使用无机或有机粘着剂制备平板材。详而言,吾等已使用硅酸钾粘着剂及两层分段的气溶胶/纤维复合物制备原型。于该原始纤维强化件中的面片材的最初目的是提供经改良的拉伸强度以及用于纤维段的载剂,但吾等亦已发现,此面片材现在可朝外定向,以为最终气溶胶板材提供某种水准的含尘性(dust containment)。
涉及使用高压力的气溶胶制备制程必需涉及筒状压力容器。即使使用筒状容器,能有效率地进行低压步骤如老化或冲洗。筒状容器中的流体处理比任何其他形状的容器更容易。为了完全最大化筒状容器的使用,必须加工可挠性胶体复合物而使其适用于类似筒状的形状,并因此填充任何容器至接近其可用体积的100%。为了达成此目标,气溶胶复合物的纤维强化件必须能承受卷绕及展开,且必须符合3至18吋的等级(order)的小半径,而不会失败。本发明使得具有足够的刚性的非织物纤维强化件,或典型含有可观量的粘合剂的非织物纤维强化件能作为用于制造气溶胶/纤维复合物的强化件。因为此等非织物材料的成本典型是比其他类型的非织物(亦即,针刺者)低,本发明具有实质上降低纤维强化胶体复合物绝缘的成本的能力。
于另一具体实施例中,提供用于自分段的非织物强化件材料制作成刚性面板的完整制程(图6)。分段的非织物片材(1)是于移动的传送带上展开;且于该片材穿越该传送带的过程中,将液体形式的胶体前驱物施用至该展开的非织物的顶部,并令其注入该非织物内以成为胶体片材。于该传送带的末端,将该胶体灌注的非织物(湿胶体复合物片)卷于心轴(2)上。此卷制可明显地显示该分段间的间隙。因此,将经卷制的湿胶体复合物转移至容器,使其发生老化而导致具有各种所欲强度及其他特性的胶体复合物。视需要地,该卷可使用溶剂冲洗的,以及,于再一具体实施例中,使用疏水剂处理以赋予表面疏水性。随后,使用各种方法,包括周围压力、次临界、超临界二氧化碳干燥,干燥该卷。经干燥的胶体可视需要地通过烘箱处理,以进一步移除任何残留的溶剂或水。因此,干燥的两卷胶体复合物卷是如图5(下图)中所说明展开,且对该片材的分段侧同时施以粘着剂(5)。该粘着剂可是有机或无机粘着剂。施用粘着剂之后,该卷结合在一起并通过一对旋转轧辊间,于该处将两层胶体复合物层压合在一起。可取决于所使用的粘着剂及将该片材制作成刚性面板(6)所需的压缩,于此装置中加入额外的轧辊(4)。因此,所形成的刚性面板可被切割为所欲的尺寸并进行装运或进行额外的检查,以及,适当地进一步加工或干燥。
于另一具体实施例中,分段的纤维强化件片材可制备为段的尺寸沿着其长度是不均匀的。详言的,该段的尺寸可逐渐增加。这帮助自此等强化件片材所制备的胶体片材卷绕,其中该卷绕创制逐渐增加的曲率半径。图7中显示例示性说明本具体实施例的分段的纤维强化件片材是。
于另一具体实施例中,可使用非分段或部份分段的强化件片材替代分段的纤维强化件片材,以制作成胶体片材,于该胶体片材制作成之后,可将其分段。于本例中,刚性或中等刚性纤维强化件片材可与胶体前驱物组合,并令其胶化为胶体片材。此胶体片材可被刻划(或切割),以致于在该胶体片材中产生分段区域。卷绕时,此分段的胶体片材表现类似于自分段的纤维强化件所制成的分段的胶体片材。或者,甚至当使用分段的纤维强化件时,可于其制作成胶体片材之后采用刻划或切割步骤,以获得分段间隙的整齐边缘。
有用于本发明的片材形式的分段强化件可具有几种类型。可使用以连续性纤维或切碎的纤维所制成的几种类型非织物。于某些具体实施例中,当使用切碎的纤维时,该非织物可含有粘合剂。于另一具体实施例中,有用于本发明的非织物片材可被针刺,以形成类似毛毡的材料。上述的材料可藉由使用刀、热刀、锯刃或任何发明所属技术领域中习知的刻划技术以横跨其厚度刻划而分段的。用于制备本发明的纤维-强化件的纤维包括,矿物绵,玻璃绵,玻璃纤维,聚酯,聚烯烃对苯二甲酸酯,聚萘二甲酸乙二酯,聚碳酸酯,嫘萦,尼龙,棉系莱卡(由杜邦公司制造),碳系纤维如石墨,碳纤维的前驱物如聚丙烯腈(PAN)、氧化的PAN、未碳化的经热处理的PAN如SGL carbon公司所制造者,以玻璃纤维为主的材料如S-玻璃、901玻璃、902玻璃、475玻璃、E-玻璃,氧化硅系纤维如石英、quartzel(由Saint-Gobain公司制造)、Q-毡(由Johns Manville公司制造)、Saffil(由Saffil公司制造)、Durablanket(由Unifrax公司制造)及其他氧化硅纤维,聚芳族酰胺纤维如Kevalr、Nomex、Sontera(全部由杜邦公司制造),Conex(由Taijin公司制造),聚烯烃如Tyvek(由杜邦公司制造)、Dyneema(由DSM公司制造)、Spectra(由Honeywell公司制造)、其他聚丙烯纤维如Typar、Xavan(两者皆由杜邦公司制造),氟聚合物如商品名为Teflon的PTFE(由杜邦公司制造)、Goretex(由GORE公司制造),碳化硅纤维如Nicalon(由COI Ceramics公司制造),陶瓷纤维如Nextel(由3M公司制造),丙烯酸系是聚合物,羊毛、丝、麻、皮革、麂皮的纤维,PBO-Zylon纤维(由Tyobo公司制造),液晶材料如Vectan(由Hoechst公司制造),Cambrelle纤维(由杜邦公司制造),聚氨酯,聚酰胺,木纤维,硼、铝、铁、不锈钢纤维,及其他热塑材料如PEEK、PES、PEI、PEK、PPS,及其组合。
除了本发明所描述的纤维材料外,发泡材料以及于特定具体实施例中,可使用面片材将刚性发泡板制作成分段片材并使用本申请案所描述的技术加工,因此制备可如上述者进一步制作成刚性面板的胶体-发泡刚性复合物片材。于另一具体实施例中,该发泡材料可是开孔发泡。
通常,有用于本发明的胶体前驱物包含与溶胶-凝胶制程相容的金属氧化物,金属氧化物于聚合时形成胶体网。所使用的氧化硅前驱物可是选自,但不限于:烷氧基硅烷、部份水解的烷氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)、部份水解的TEOS、TEOS的缩聚物、四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)、部份水解的TMOS、TMOS的缩聚物、四正丙氧基硅烷、部份水解的四正丙氧基硅烷及/或四正丙氧基硅烷的缩聚物、或其组合。TEOS、部份水解的聚硅酸乙酯、及聚硅酸乙酯是一些较常见的可商购的氧化硅前驱物。填料可于胶体形成前的任何点分配于胶体前驱物溶液中。胶体形成可被视为溶液(或混合物)展现抗流动性及/或在其整个体积内形成连续聚合性网的时间点。优选地,包含填料及前驱物的混合物是均质溶液,有利于胶体形成。除了氧化硅是前驱物的外,可使用氧化锆、氧化钇、氧化铪、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化铈的前驱物。于额外的具体实施例中,有机前驱物如聚丙烯酸酯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚糠醇、酚糠醇、三聚氰胺甲醛、间苯二酚甲醛、甲酚甲醛、酚甲醛、聚乙烯醇二醛、聚氰脲酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、各种环氧类、琼脂、琼脂糖、及上述者的组合可用作为本发明的胶体前驱物。此外,可使用上述物种与有机-无机杂化胶体前驱物的多种组合。
适用于本文的溶剂包括:具有1个至6个,优选2个至4个碳原子的低级醇,虽然可使用发明所属技术领域中所习知的其他溶剂。乙醇是典型所使用的偏好溶剂。其他可用溶剂的实例包括,但不限于:乙酸乙酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、丙酮、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲醇、异丙醇等。当然,为了达成所欲水准的分散液或溶液,可能需要特定的胶体前驱物/填料系统或多溶剂方式。
通常,可经由将该混合物于静态维持一段足够的时间,改变溶液的pH,将一种形式的能量导至该混合物上,或其组合,以形成胶体。例示性的能量形式包括:受控通量的电磁(紫外线、可见光、红外线、微波)、声学(超音)或粒子辐射。于本发明中,于将胶体前驱物与本发明的分段的强化件组合后,形成该胶体。
于干燥的前,可将胶体额外进行老化,以藉由增加交联数而进一步强化胶体结构。此过程是有用于预防干燥过程中潜在的体积流失,或简单地得到更强的最终胶体。老化可涉及:将胶体(于干燥的前)于静态维持一段延长的时间,将该胶体维持于升高的温度,加入交联促进化合物或其任何组合。老化时间段典型需要介于约1小时与数天之间。优选的温度一般是介于约10℃与约100℃之间。此外,可使用表面疏水性赋予剂如六甲基二硅氮烷、六甲基二硅氧烷、三甲基乙氧基硅烷、甲基乙氧基硅烷、甲基甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、三甲基甲氧基硅烷、三乙基乙氧基硅烷、三乙基甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、乙基三氯硅烷,以使得该胶体/纤维复合物为疏水性。此等试剂可与溶剂混合(该溶剂是如先前步骤中所使用的溶剂),并于上述的老化步骤过程中流过卷制的胶体片材。
干燥是于操纵气溶胶特性(例如:影响材料热导率的孔隙度及密度)上扮演重要角色。迄今,大量干燥方法已被探索。美国专利第6,670,402号教示了一种干燥方法,其是藉由将超临界(而非液体)CO2注入经预热及预增压至实质上超临界或更高条件的萃取器中,从而在湿胶体内部进行快速溶剂交换以制备气溶胶。美国专利第5,962,539号描述了一种在有机溶剂中,自溶胶-凝胶形式的聚合性材料获得气溶胶的制程,其是藉由将该有机溶剂以具有低于聚合物分解温度的临界温度的流体进行交换,并超临界干燥该流体/溶胶-胶体。美国专利第6,315,971号揭示了制备胶体组成物的制程,其包含:干燥过程中,于足以最小化胶体收缩的干燥条件下,干燥包含胶体固体及干燥剂的湿胶体以移除干燥剂。又,美国专利第5,420,168号描述了一种制程,藉由该制程,可使用简单的空气干燥步骤制造间苯二酚/甲醛气溶胶。最后,藉由引用方式并入本文的美国专利第5,565,142号描述了次临界干燥技术。本发明的具体实施例可藉由使用任何任何上述技术实行的。于某些具体实施例中,优选是于真空至低于超临界压力(于某些时候,是低于存在于胶体的流体的临界压力的压力)下进行干燥,且视需要地使用表面修饰剂。于另一具体实施例中,使用超临界CO2完成该干燥。因此,经干燥的胶体-纤维复合物可藉由穿行通过温度升高的烘箱而进一步干燥。
于本发明的各种具体实施例中,可于胶体形成的前,在胶体前驱物中添加各种增进效能的添加剂。该等添加剂包括二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、氢氧化物、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、硅酸锆、氧化锆、氧化铁(II)、氧化铁(III)、二氧化锰、氧化钛铁(钛铁矿)、氧化铬、及其组合。
应注意虽然本发明的多个具体实施例描述用于制造以强化气溶胶为主的复合物的方法和技术,相同的方法可用以制造以从液体或半液体起始材料制造的其它材料为主的强化复合物。例如,强化塑料或聚合物材料可以熔融的聚合物或单体或寡合聚物开始制造,而且与本发明的强化件组合已制造强化复合物。本发明中揭示的填充剂和其它材料可以类似的方式加到此等复合物中。可更容易制造或处理此等非气溶胶复合物,因为它们不像气溶胶本身先天为易碎的。另一个实例为颗粒氧化硅材料或熏氧化硅材料可通过液体介质(诸如,聚合物或其它溶胶-凝胶)并入纤维絮或开孔发泡基质中,而且产生的复合物将具有本文所描述的气溶胶复合物的优点和更多。
应注意开孔发泡片材可置换本发明的所有多个具体实施例中的纤维强化絮片材,无论其中是否表达以开孔发泡为主的具体实施例,应了解所有此等具体实施例中的开孔发泡片材可置换成纤维絮或垫或与其作用。此外,关于絮,则可包实质上片状或平坦状的任何纤维形式,其包含,但不限于,絮、网、垫、板等。
[实施例]
实施例1:下述实施例是例示性说明根据上述发明制备分段的胶体-纤维复合物及以气溶胶为主的刚性面板及其效能。藉由使用美工刀或自动旋转工具与订制切割夹具组合,完成对有完整面片材的可商购玻璃绵非织物片材的精确纵向分段,其目标为完成切割深度不低于原始厚度的90%。使用该方法,以1”及2”分段两者制备测量为36”×8”的分段的玻璃绵片材。合并必需量的可溶性氧化硅源(亦即,包含水解的四乙氧基硅烷及其衍生物的溶胶)及缩合催化剂、及氢氧化铵水溶液,使其以水平/平面型态渗入该玻璃绵非织物片材。进行15分钟的胶体脱水期之后,将胶体/纤维复合物环绕具有6”直径的心轴卷绕。此复合物的卷制是藉由确保于卷绕过程中该分段间隙背对心轴而完成。以此方式,随着间隙沿着各分段形成,卷绕应力得以释放。随后,将筒状形式的该胶体/纤维复合物老化一段时间,其中,经卷制的复合物是暴露于氢氧化铵及含有烷基及硅烷基的疏水剂(六甲基二硅氮烷)的热乙醇溶液中。老化之后,将经卷制的复合物转移至筒状压力容器,并随后使用超临界CO2萃取干燥以移除溶剂。
随后,热处理复合物以移除任何残留的水分及/或挥发物。随后,将材料水平解开以适于平面型态。亦可于该复合物被解开后施用该热处理。于该复合物解开之后,以20至40g/m2的公称涂覆重量喷洒施用有机是粘着剂(Spray78或FastBond)(至该气溶胶侧)。随后,将第二片以相同方式加工的分段的胶体/纤维复合物粘贴至该第一片,以致于该分段是交错的且该面片材是背对该粘合面而定向。随后,使该材料受短期的压缩应力(<0.25PSI),以确保该粘着剂的完全相连及固化。随后释放该压缩应力,并特性化所得刚性面板的热导率。下表提供因此形成的刚性面板于2psi的轻微压下,于两种不同温度的热导率的测量值。
实施例2:亦可使用含有纤维强化件与轻量面片材的粘合剂的任何组合制造上述分段的纤维强化件。例如,使用可耐福絮绝缘(Knauf Batt Insulation)(0.5”,2lb/ft3)及密度为10g/m2的玻璃幕面片材制备适用于气溶胶的一是列分段的纤维强化件。该等纤维强化件是使用两步骤制程制造的,该两步骤制程涉及,首先,使用丙烯酸是粘着剂(Fastbond)沿着该绝缘絮的整体长度将该面片材层压至该纤维玻璃的一侧,其后,使用美工刀及/或自动旋转工具进行精确纵向分段至不低于其原始厚度的90%。以此方式进行该纵向分段,以留下完好的层压的面片材。分段长度于1”至6”之间变化。
使用此等预制造的分段材料,以水平型态制备一是列经测量为12”×24”的气溶胶复合物。进行必需量的可溶性氧化硅源(亦即,包含水解的四乙氧基硅烷及其衍生物的溶胶)及适当的缩合催化剂的浸润,使其渗入以2吋的分段间隔所预制造的纤维强化件。进行15分钟的胶体脱水期之后,将胶体/纤维复合物环绕具有6”直径的心轴卷绕。此复合物的卷制是藉由确保该分段间隙于卷绕过程中背对该心轴而完成。以此方式,随着间隙沿着各分段形成,卷绕应力得以释放。随后,将筒状形式的胶体/纤维复合物老化一段时间,其中,经卷制的复合物是暴露于氢氧化铵及含有烷基及硅烷基的疏水剂(六甲基二硅氮烷)的热乙醇溶液中。老化之后,将经卷制的复合物转移至筒状压力容器,并随后使用超临界CO2萃取干燥以移除该溶剂。随后,热处理该复合物以移除任何残留的水分及/或挥发物。随后,将经干燥的气溶胶材料水平解开以适于平面型态。于该复合物被解开之后,以20至40g/m2的公称涂覆重量喷洒施用有机是粘着剂(Spray78或FastBond,可自3M,Minneapolis,MN获得)(至该气溶胶侧)。随后,将第二片以相同方式加工的分段的胶体/纤维复合物粘贴至该第一片,以致使该分段为交错的且该面片材是背对该粘合面而定向。随后,使该材料受短期的压缩应力(<0.25PSI),以确保该粘着剂的完全相连及固化。随后释放该压缩应力,并特性化所得刚性面板的热导率。下表提供于两种不同平均测试温度,以四重复所制备的刚性面板的热导率的测量值。热导率的测量可藉由对材料施用2psi的轻微压力而进行。
实施例3:藉由将纤维强化件的不连续片层压至适当的轻量面片材,而制备预制造的分段的强化件。广泛多种材料如矿物绵板、玻璃纤维絮或刚性开孔发泡是以1”至6”的优选分段间隔纵向切割成不连续片,,随后,将其层压至适当的面片材以制备适用于如上述实施例1中描述的气溶胶制备的分段的产物。使用实施例1至2中描述的技术,用此等强化件制备气溶胶产物及面板。
实施例4:或者,于实施例1至3中使用的轻量纤维性面片材是以任何化学相容性聚合物膜/层压体替代。将具有热塑性是层的层压体加热以凝结至纤维性绝缘体的单一连续性絮侧,之后,将其精确纵向分段至不小于其原始厚度的90%的深度。经由下述者施用聚合物膜:施用非水性或水性涂层,再藉由适宜的固化方法以形成具有适当厚度的实质上连续性聚合物膜。于膜形成之后,进行纵向分段,以使用实施例1至2中描述的技术,制备适用于气凝胶制备的分段的纤维加强件。
实施例5:将厚度为稍少于10mm和尺寸约为48英吋x144英吋的可商购的半刚性聚氨酯发泡片材选作为强化材料。使用美工刀将片材沿着其厚度在宽度方向部分刻划,刻划节距为1英吋。此强化材料是以与以上实施例2相同的方式使用。将产生的复合物解开,并且复粘贴使用快邦(Fast Bond)以类似的方式制造的另一个复合物。

Claims (32)

1.一种制造经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材的制备工艺,包括下列步骤:
提供分段的纤维强化件片材;
将该分段的纤维强化件片材与胶体前驱物组合;
将组合中的该胶体前驱物胶化以制作成胶体复合物片材;
卷制该胶体复合物片材;以及
干燥该经卷制的胶体复合物片材以制作成经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,还包括下列步骤:将所述的该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材展开,将粘着剂施用至该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材的至少一面,以及,将该至少一面粘贴至另一平面材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备工艺,还包括下列步骤:
提供所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材至少两个主要表面及多个分段的横截表面;
将粘着剂施用至该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材的至少一个主要表面;以及
将该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材粘贴至另一经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材具有与其粘贴的面层或面片材。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备工艺,其中,该面层包括纤维。
6.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包括非连续性纤维。
7.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,还包括下列步骤:并入选自下列所组成群组的添加剂:二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、氧化锆、氧化亚铁、氧化铬及其组合。
8.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包含至少一种粘合剂。
9.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材为刚性。
10.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该胶体前驱物包括氧化硅胶体前驱物。
11.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材的该纤维包括选自下列所组成群组的材料:矿物绵、玻璃绵、玻璃纤维、聚酯、嫘萦、尼龙、棉系莱卡、碳系纤维、聚丙烯腈、氧化的聚丙烯腈、未碳化的经热处理的聚丙烯腈、以玻璃纤维为主的材料、氧化硅系纤维、聚芳族酰胺纤维、聚烯烃、氟聚合物、碳化硅纤维、陶瓷纤维、丙烯酸系聚合物、羊毛、丝、麻、皮革、麂皮的纤维、PBO-Zylon纤维、液晶材料、聚氨酯、木纤维、硼、铝、铁、不锈钢纤维、聚二醚酮、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚酮、聚对苯硫醚及其组合。
12.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材的该纤维包括选自下列所组成群组的材料:石墨、E-玻璃、石英、聚四氟乙烯、聚酰胺。
13.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该粘着剂选自下列所组成群组:钾水玻璃、钠水玻璃、及碱活化的铝硅酸盐、聚(4,4'-氧联二苯基-均苯四甲酰亚胺)、聚氨酯、聚酯、天然橡胶、合成橡胶、塑胶合金、聚卤乙烯、丙烯酸类、腈类、乙烯类、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、聚乙烯醇、丙烯酰胺类、酚类、及其组合。
14.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该粘着剂为氯磺化聚乙烯合成橡胶。
15.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材的热导率于37.5℃是低于25mW/mK。
16.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该胶体复合物片材的该卷制是使背对辊的心轴的该胶体复合物片材的片段之间形成间隙。
17.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的制备工艺,其中,该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材包括气溶胶。
18.一种经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材,包括分段的纤维强化件片材及经干燥的胶体,其中,该经干燥的胶体于分段的纤维强化件片材的至少一段中连续通过该纤维,以及于该纤维及该经干燥的胶体两者中有不连续性的于至少二个相邻段之间存在至少一个间隙。
19.一种包括至少两层经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物的面板,其中,至少一层包括权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材。
20.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,还包括选自下列所组成群组的填料:二氧化钛、氧化铁、碳黑、石墨、氢氧化铝、磷酸盐、硼酸盐、金属硅酸盐、茂金属、钼酸盐、锡酸盐、碳酸盐、氧化锌、氧化铝、氧化锑、镁-锌掺合物、镁-锌-锑掺合物、碳化硅、硅化钼、氧化锰、氧化钛铁、氧化锆、氧化亚铁、氧化铬、及其组合。
21.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包括于该纤维中的至少一种粘合剂。
22.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材具有与其粘贴的面层或面片材。
23.根据权利要求22所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或面板,其中,该面层包括纤维。
24.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包括非连续性纤维。
25.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材的至少一段是刚性。
26.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该胶体前驱物包括氧化硅胶体前驱物。
27.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包括选自下列所组成群组的纤维材料:矿物绵、玻璃绵、玻璃纤维、聚酯、嫘萦、尼龙、棉系莱卡、碳系纤维、聚丙烯腈、氧化的聚丙烯腈、未碳化的经热处理的聚丙烯腈、以玻璃纤维为主的材料、氧化硅系纤维、石英、聚芳族酰胺纤维、聚烯烃、氟聚合物、碳化硅纤维、陶瓷纤维、丙烯酸系聚合物、羊毛、丝、麻、皮革、麂皮的纤维、PBO-Zylon纤维、液晶材料、聚氨酯、木纤维、硼、铝、铁、不锈钢纤维、聚二醚酮、聚醚砜、聚醚酰亚胺、聚醚酮、聚对苯硫醚(PPS)及其组合。
28.根据权利要求27所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该分段的纤维强化件片材包括选自下列所组成群组的纤维材料:石墨、E-玻璃、聚四氟乙烯、聚酰胺。
29.根据权利要求19所述的面板,还包括选自下列所组成群组的粘着剂:钾水玻璃、钠水玻璃、及碱活化的铝硅酸盐、聚(4,4'-氧联二苯基-均苯四甲酰亚胺)、聚氨酯、聚酯、天然橡胶、合成橡胶、塑胶合金、聚卤乙烯、丙烯酸类、腈类、乙烯类、醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯、聚乙烯醇、丙烯酰胺类、酚树脂、及其组合。
30.根据权利要求19所述的面板,还包括氯磺化聚乙烯合成橡胶的粘着剂。
31.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物的热导率于37.5℃下是低于25mW/mK。
32.根据权利要求18所述的经干燥的纤维强化胶体复合物片材或权利要求19所述的面板,其中,该经干燥的胶体包括气溶胶。
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