CN104168775B - 富含京尼平的材料及其用途 - Google Patents
富含京尼平的材料及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104168775B CN104168775B CN201280062776.5A CN201280062776A CN104168775B CN 104168775 B CN104168775 B CN 104168775B CN 201280062776 A CN201280062776 A CN 201280062776A CN 104168775 B CN104168775 B CN 104168775B
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- genipin
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- acid
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Abstract
公开了从美洲格尼帕树的果实制备富含京尼平的材料的方法,所述材料用作交联剂或作为用于生产色素的原材料。富含京尼平的材料可以用于一系列的应用,包括个人护理、化妆品、膳食补充剂、包装、纺织品、饮料、食品、药品和动物饲料中。
Description
技术领域
本申请是基于Wu和Horn在2011年11月7日提交的美国临时申请系列No.61/556,441并且要求其优先权,通过引用并入本文中。
本发明涉及新的灰白色的富含京尼平的材料及其用作交联试剂和用于着色剂研发的用途。更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于从美洲格尼帕树(Genipa americana)的果实生产新的富含京尼平的材料的方法;所述富含京尼平的材料含有高达97%w/w的京尼平,这使其能够用作用于交联的试剂和用作用于着色剂生产的原料。
背景
目前,合成的化学品,如着色剂或交联试剂,在食品、化妆品、动物饲料和纺织品工业中的可接受性逐渐降低。出于安全原因,不管是真实的还是感知的,人们趋于偏爱在食品、化妆品、纺织品和生物材料产品中使用天然或有机成分。
京尼平是无色化合物。其属于环烯醚萜类。其化学活性非常高,并且当与具有伯胺基团的化合物结合时立即反应,所述具有伯胺基团的化合物如氨基酸、胶原、壳聚糖、葡糖胺型化合物以及各种蛋白质和酶。当存在氧时,产物快速变成蓝色、绿色或黑色。京尼平是环烯醚萜酯,因此,其可以水解产生京尼平尼酸(genipinic acid),其也可以与不同的化合物反应,产生红色和褐色着色剂。从京尼平产生的着色剂是热和pH稳定的。因为京尼平通常来自植物材料,其Kosher特征给京尼平衍生的着色剂在烘焙和罐装食品应用中的使用提供很大的潜能。
大量环烯醚萜类,如京尼平苷、异栀子苷、京尼平-1-b-龙胆双糖苷、京尼平苷酸(geniposidic acid)和京尼平,可以见于栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)Ellis果实中。京尼平苷,一种环烯醚萜糖苷,是构成7-8%果实重量的主要组分,同时仅有微量京尼平天然地存在于栀子果实中。在历史上,用甲醇或乙醇从果实中提取出栀子果实中的环烯醚萜类,并且随后作为活性炭上的黄色色素分离,并用具有β-糖苷活性或蛋白水解活性的酶处理,以将糖苷环烯醚萜转化成糖苷配基形式,即京尼平或京尼平尼酸。然后,京尼平或京尼平尼酸可以与其他化合物反应,来产生着色剂(KR1020010096213A)。
在美洲格尼帕树的果实和叶子中也发现了京尼平和其他环烯醚萜化合物,如京尼平尼酸、京尼平-龙胆双糖苷、京尼平苷和京尼平苷酸,这种植物也称为美洲格尼帕树(Genipap)或Huito,是热带野生植物。京尼平天然地存在于成熟果实中,并且其含量为果实重量的0至3.0%,这取决于成熟度。京尼平在植物细胞中是稳定的,即使尚未确定其贮存在哪里。无论何时细胞破裂,京尼平将自发地与天然存在于果浆中的氨基酸反应,并在空气环境中使颜色变成蓝色或黑色。在我们之前的专利申请(US20090246343A1)中,我们通过混合美洲格尼帕树果浆与来自其他水果或蔬菜的汁液制得了有色(蓝色)果汁。这种天然酸稳定的蓝色汁液已经广泛用于食品和饮料工业中。Lopes等(US7927637B2)使用了获自美洲格尼帕树果浆的未加工原汁,并且与甘氨酸或与甘氨酸加淀粉混合,以制得蓝色着色剂。Patrice Andre和同事(US20100196298A1)使用了获自美洲格尼帕树、栀子、茜草科(Rothmannia)、Adenorandia或Cremaspora的植物提取物的着色材料,结合于固体基质上,以制得化妆品组合物。
京尼平不仅可以产生着色剂,而且还可以用作良好的交联剂。Campbell等公开了一种新的生物可降解塑料聚合物,涉及京尼平作为交联剂(EP2093256A2)。这样的塑料在生物系统中是有用的,用于伤口修复、植入物、支架、药物包胶和递送,以及其他应用。Fujikawa等要求了(US4983524)环烯醚萜糖苷配基,即京尼平作为交联剂的用途,以在珠子上生产固定化酶,用于食品工业。Quijano,R和Tu,H(US20080195230A1)公开了京尼平用于固定完整的、天然组织的用途,以在植入宿主中时,降低抗原性和免疫原性并且防止组织的酶降解。
然而,纯京尼平生产在历史上涉及许多步骤,包括HPLC分离,并且目前其成本高。现有技术中没有描述教导从美洲格尼帕树植物制备稳定的富含京尼平的提取物,及其作为食品、药品、营养补充剂、个人护理产品、化妆品、动物饲料、纺织品、聚合物和生物材料工业中的天然着色剂和交联剂的广泛应用。
概述
本发明公开内容提供了一种从美洲格尼帕树(Genipa americana)植物生产稳定的富含京尼平的提取物的方法。该方法涉及水性或极性溶剂提取和非极性有机溶剂提取;所形成的粉末是灰白色的富含京尼平的提取物,并且具有高达97%的京尼平含量。
本发明公开内容进一步提供了富含京尼平的提取物在一系列领域中使用的天然着色剂生产和形成聚合物中的应用,所述领域诸如食品、药品、营养补充剂、个人护理产品、化妆品、动物饲料、纺织品、生物可降解聚合物和生物材料生产。这样的用途的实例可以见于多个专利文献中,包括US8283222、CN101899484、US20120189584、WO2012048188、CN102399370、CA2458821、DE602007013718、US20110082199、TW1334878、US20100183699,并且将这些文献通过引用并入本文中。
如本文中所用的,所述的所有比率和比例均“以重量计”,除非另外规定。此外,所引用的所有专利、专利申请和技术出版物均通过引用并入本文中。
附图简述
图1是用于制备由美洲格尼帕树果实产生的富含京尼平的提取物的方法的实施方案的流程图表示。
详述
本发明公开内容提供了一种从美洲格尼帕树(Genipa americana)植物生产稳定的富含京尼平的提取物的方法。该方法涉及水性或极性溶剂提取和有机非极性溶剂提取。所得到的粉末形式的富含京尼平的提取物是灰白色的,并且具有高达约97%的京尼平。本发明公开内容进一步提供了富含京尼平的提取物在生产天然热稳定的着色剂和作为用于一系列领域中的新交联剂的应用,所述领域诸如食品、药品、营养补充剂、个人护理产品、化妆品、动物饲料、纺织品、生物可降解聚合物和生物材料生产。
原材料
用于该方法中的原材料是来自美洲格尼帕树L.植物的果实或叶子,所述植物还具有许多非正式名称:genipap、huito、jaguar、bilito、cafecillo denta、caruto、carutorebalsero、confiture de singe、danipa、genipa、génipa、genipayer bitu、guaitil、guaricha、guayetil colorado、huitol、huitoc、huitu、irayol、jagua blanca、jaguaamarilla、jagua colorado、jeipapeiro、juniper、maluco、mandipa、marmelade-box、nandipa、nandipa genipapo、tapaculo、tapoeripa、taproepa totumillo、yagua、yanupa-i、yenipa-i、yenipapa bi、genipapo、huitoc、vito、chipara、guanapay或其他品种,如jenipaporana或jenipao-bravo等。当大小、坚硬度和颜色为绿色至褐绿色成熟时,果实对于采收是最佳的。
材料可以是来自美洲格尼帕树L.的完整果实、果浆、果汁、果泥、果汁浓缩物、来自果实或汁液的干粉、果实的水不溶性部分和叶子。
用于富含京尼平提取的方法
为了生产本发明的富含京尼平的提取物,根据提取效率,用约1:0.5-5.0(重量)比例的水或极性溶剂处理美洲格尼帕树的成熟果实,优选约1:1-1.5比例。洗涤和/或热烫后,将果实去皮,并且切成片;然后用水或极性溶剂研磨或混合;用或不用加热提取,通过过滤分离果肉、种子和果皮;并收集液体。提取可以在约15-40℃的温度下进行长达约1小时,优选约15-30分钟。从美洲格尼帕树果浆的水或极性溶剂提取可以重复1-3次。然后,测量极性溶剂提取物的pH,并使用酸调节至约3.8-4.0。可以在旋转蒸发器上进行真空浓缩,并且将温度设定在约40-46℃。浓缩物中的固体含量可以高于15%w/w,优选约40-70%w/w。
接着,可以用非极性有机溶剂进一步提取水提物或浓缩的富含京尼平的水提物,涉及以约1:1比例的适当混合(通过振荡或搅拌)。那些非极性有机溶剂具有约0至5.0的极性指数和低于约30%的水溶解度。然后通过沉淀和虹吸上层有机层或通过使用高速离心,将有机溶剂相与水相分离。根据提取效率,可以将非极性溶剂提取重复2-3次。随后可以通过蒸发来干燥富含京尼平的提取物,并且可以将有机溶剂再循环和再使用,用于京尼平的提取。剩余的黄色或灰白色固体是富含京尼平的提取物,其中京尼平含量为至少约70%w/w的固体。
或者,用约1:1-2比例的有机溶剂制剂处理美洲格尼帕树的成熟果实。洗涤和/或热烫后,将果实去皮并且切成片,然后研磨或混合,用非极性有机溶剂直接提取,用或不用加热,分离果肉、种子和果皮,并收集溶剂提取物。提取可以在约18-25℃的温度下进行长达约1小时,优选约15-30分钟。根据提取效率,有机溶剂提取可以重复2-3次。随后可以使用蒸发器和冷凝器来干燥富含京尼平的提取物,并且可以将有机溶剂再循环和再使用。所得到的灰白色或黄色固体是富含京尼平的提取物,其含有大于约40%w/w固体的京尼平。
富含京尼平的提取物可以是获自所述原材料来源的水提物或极性溶剂提取物。极性溶剂包括具有高达100%水溶解度和高于约5.0的极性指数的那些,如水、醋酸、甲醇、乙醇、正-丙醇、异-丙醇、二甲亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、丙酮、二噁烷四氢呋喃等,或醋酸、柠檬酸、磷酸缓冲液,或其不同比例的混合物。该列表不是用来限制所用的溶剂,然而,考虑到食品安全性,对于提取物的食品用途,优选水、乙醇、正-丙醇、异-丙醇、甲醇,以及醋酸、柠檬酸、磷酸缓冲液。
或者,富含京尼平的提取物可以是获自上述水提物或极性溶剂提取物的有机溶剂提取物。非极性有机溶剂包括具有低于约30%的水溶解度和0至约5.0的极性指数的那些,如乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、正-丁醇、二乙醚、己烷、2-丁酮、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、二甲苯、甲基-叔-丁醚、甲苯、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯、环己烷、戊烷和庚烷,或其不同比例的混合物。该列表不是用来限制所用的溶剂,然而,考虑到食品安全性,优选乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯和正-丁醇。
或者,富含京尼平的提取物可以是获自所述原材料来源的有机溶剂提取物。有机溶剂包括具有低于约6.0的极性指数的那些,及其不同比例的混合物。为了获得无色的富含京尼平的提取物,优选水溶解度低的溶剂或溶剂混合物。
用于固液分离的方法可以是,例如,常规过滤、离心、压滤和膜筒过滤。例如,可以通过使用高速离心机,或通过沉淀和虹吸所需液体层,来进行液液分离。
用于pH调节的酸可以是任何有机或无机酸,选择以适用于预期的最终用途。
可以通过本领域已知的任何方法,例如,通过使用旋转真空蒸发器、快速蒸发器的蒸发、使用合适膜的渗滤装置或超滤装置蒸发来进行浓缩。
富含京尼平的提取物的特性
富含京尼平的提取物是灰白色粉末或晶体。如果纯度相对较低,一些批次可能略微具有浅黄色或绿色色彩。根据提取方法,京尼平含量可以高达约97%(w/w)。当通过HPLC分析时,在富含京尼平的提取物中没有发现京尼平苷、京尼平苷酸或其他环烯醚萜化合物。富含京尼平的提取物的组成的剩余成分主要是水分、脂肪,以及还有少量酸和含氮化合物,剩余的是碳水化合物,如下表中所示。
富含京尼平的材料的技术规格
京尼平 | 30-97% |
脂肪酸 | <1.0% |
脂肪 | <5.0% |
蛋白质 | <1.0% |
有机酸 | <0.5% |
HPLC方法可以用于确定京尼平含量并且进行其他环烯醚萜分析。
当贮存于冷藏温度下时,灰白色的富含京尼平的粉末的京尼平含量是稳定的。在贮存3个月后,京尼平水平降低低于约5%。然而,当将富含京尼平的提取物与具有伯胺基团的化合物混合时,京尼平将快速反应并产生着色剂和/或聚合物。
高京尼平含量的提取物容易溶解于醇、醇-水混合物或热水中。其在冷水中的溶解度是有限的。
着色剂生产
本发明还提供了一种制造蓝色着色剂的方法,通过使用富含京尼平的提取物反应并在氧的存在下,与水和氨基酸混合,所述氨基酸例如(但不限于),赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、甲硫氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、亮氨酸、牛磺酸、肉碱、鸟氨酸和瓜氨酸。加热可以用于加速反应速度。富含京尼平的提取物与氨基酸的摩尔比为约1:0.5至约1:10。根据所用的氨基酸,产生的蓝色色调可以在深蓝、紫-蓝、亮-蓝和绿-蓝中变化。从富含京尼平的提取物产生的蓝色着色剂是热-和酸-稳定的色素。
还可以通过将富含京尼平的提取物与其他提取物、果蔬汁、植物和动物材料,包括乳制品和蛋制品(其含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质和具有一个或多个伯胺基团的化合物)反应来产生相似的蓝色着色剂。还可以通过富含京尼平的提取物与胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、酶和微生物的反应来产生蓝色。可以在粘土或其他载体上进一步浓缩或沉积所产生的着色剂,并且用于食品、化妆品(牙膏、彩妆、染发剂等)和纺织品(衣服)应用中。
本发明提供了一种通过使用富含京尼平的提取物制造红色着色剂的方法。将富含京尼平的提取物水解以除去甲基基团,并且将京尼平转化成京尼平酸,其进一步与含胺化合物反应,使用存在的额外有机酸并且在无氧条件下,以产生红色色素。加热可以用于加速红色色素形成。可以在离子交换柱上进一步纯化红色溶液,并且可以在旋转真空蒸发器上浓缩洗脱的材料。Genipa红是热稳定的色素,并且在高pH下也是稳定的。
富含京尼平的提取物可以分散或溶解于约5-50%乙醇,优选约5-15%乙醇中,以及约0.5-1.5N氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中,至约5-10%w/w提取物的浓度。可以在室温(~20℃)下进行水解约30分钟至24小时,优选约2-10小时,用或不用加热。
可以通过使用酸,优选有机酸,如醋酸、甲酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、己二酸、草酸、琥珀酸、富马酸和苹果酸,优选醋酸和/或酒石酸来中和水解的富含京尼平的提取物的pH。可以将水解溶液的pH调节至约3.5-5.0范围。
然后将酸化的溶液加热至约65-85℃,并且优选约70-75℃,持续约5-120分钟,优选约10-20分钟。除去不溶性的褐色副产物,因为它们不能帮助红色形成。通过本领域已知的过滤或离心方法中的任一种来完成沉淀物分离,例如,使用常规过滤、离心、压滤或切向流过滤或膜筒过滤方法。可以通过添加碳酸钙来调节pH至约5-7.5并且混合约5-30分钟来进一步增强不溶性褐色副产物的形成。可以通过上述方法来实现沉淀分离。
可以用有机酸或盐,优选醋酸和/或醋酸钠,将上述清澈溶液调节至约4.0-4.6的pH。与具有伯胺基团的化合物混合并加热至约70-95℃,优选约80-85℃,持续约2小时,或约90-95℃,持续约1小时后,产生了红色。具有伯胺基团的化合物可以选自氨基酸,如丙氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和丝氨酸。该名单并非意欲限制有用的具有伯胺基团的化合物。
此外,本发明提供了一种通过使用富含京尼平的提取物制造绿色着色剂的方法。富含京尼平的提取物可以与某些氨基酸,如异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸和色氨酸反应,以产生绿色。还可以与含伯胺的化合物反应并与类胡萝卜素、胭脂红和姜黄色素混合,以产生绿色。因为格尼帕树绿色可以提供耐热的绿色色调,而由于天然绿色素叶绿素的热不稳定性,因此其在食品工业中非常有用。
还可以通过富含京尼平的提取物与其他提取物、果蔬汁、植物和动物材料,包括乳制品和蛋制品(其富含氨基酸,例如,异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸和色氨酸)反应来产生相似的绿色着色剂。还可以通过富含京尼平的提取物与胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、酶和微生物的反应并与类胡萝卜素、胭脂红和姜黄色素混合来产生绿色。可以在粘土或其他载体上进一步浓缩或沉积所产生的着色剂,并且用于食品、化妆品(牙膏、彩妆、染发剂等)和纺织品(衣服)应用中。
此外,本发明提供了通过使用富含京尼平的提取物来产生其他着色剂的方法,如紫色、红色、黄色、橙色、褐色和黑色。可以通过将富含京尼平的提取物与胭脂红、甜菜汁和花青素着色剂以及含胺化合物的溶液混合来形成紫色和红色。可以通过将富含京尼平的提取物与戊糖(如,木糖、核糖)或维生素C反应来形成橙色和黄色。当在与含伯胺基团的化合物的京尼平反应过程中涉及碱土金属(例如,镁或钙)或多价金属时,可以产生黑色色调。
交联剂
本发明提供了含有高达约97%京尼平含量的新材料。富含京尼平的提取物可以与含有伯胺基团的任一种化合物,如胶原、明胶、壳聚糖、葡糖胺以及各种酶和蛋白质反应,以形成用于例如食品、化妆品、生物材料和聚合物工业中的新质地材料。
本发明还提供了获自天然植物美洲格尼帕树的交联剂,其可以替代合成的化学品,如戊二醛、甲醛、乙二醛、丙醛、丁二醛、环氧化合物等。用作交联剂的富含京尼平的提取物具有比那些常用的合成交联剂低得多的毒性。
富含京尼平的提取物可以用作天然交联剂,用于食品和药品工业中的包胶生产。包胶的材料可以是营养成分,如ω-3油、维生素A、共轭亚麻油或药物。明胶、胶原、乳清蛋白、酪蛋白、壳聚糖、大豆蛋白和其他植物或动物蛋白,是结合富含京尼平的提取物使用的良好原材料,以制得包胶壳、膜或微-膜。所述产品具有良好的热和机械稳定性,及其生物相容特性。
提供以下实施例,用于进一步说明本发明公开内容的目的,但决不应当认为是限制性的。
实施例1
基于以下方法产生了富含京尼平的提取物:
a)将Huito果去皮,以产生866.0g去皮的果实。将去皮的果实切成片,并且与1300g去离子(DI)水混合,并用混合机打成泥,以产生果泥;
b)使果泥在室温下静置15分钟;并且通过过滤从水提物中分离出不溶性固体。然后,将1212.4g DI水加入滤液中,并且混合15分钟,接着进行第二个过滤步骤;
c)使用柠檬酸将滤液调节至pH<4.0,并且在旋转蒸发器(rotovapor)上浓缩至25-55%(w/w)的固体含量;
d)然后,使用1:1比例的乙酸乙酯提取浓缩的水提物。收集无色或浅黄色的清澈乙酸乙酯层。将这种液-液提取重复2次。
e)接着,将合并的乙酸乙酯提取层在40℃的温度和35mm Hg真空下,在旋转蒸发器上蒸发,以除去溶剂。冷凝的乙酸乙酯可以再用于京尼平提取。蒸发乙酸乙酯后,获得了灰白色或浅黄色粉末。该粉末含有74.4%w/w的京尼平。
实施例2
基于以下方法产生了富含京尼平的提取物:
a)将462g Huito果去皮,并与537g DI水混合,以产生果泥;
b)使果泥在室温下静置15分钟,并且通过过滤从水提物中分离出不溶性固体。然后,将相同含量的DI水加入固体部分中,并且将提取步骤重复2次;
c)使用柠檬酸将合并的水提物调节至pH<4.0,并通过旋转蒸发器浓缩至24.92%(w/w)的固体含量;
d)然后,使用1:1比例的乙酸丁酯提取浓缩的水提物。收集无色或浅黄色清澈的乙酸丁酯层。将这种液-液提取重复2次。
e)接着,将合并的乙酸丁酯提取层在55℃的温度和35mm Hg真空下,在旋转蒸发器上蒸发,以除去溶剂。冷凝的乙酸丁酯可以再用于京尼平提取。蒸发乙酸丁酯后,获得了灰白色或浅黄色粉末。该粉末含有90.9%w/w的京尼平。
实施例3
测试通过实施例2中的方法制得的富含京尼平的提取物的稳定性。将各自0.20g的富含京尼平的粉末密封于小瓶中,并贮存在4℃。在0、4周、6周和12周时取出样品,并且通过使用HPLC方法测试了京尼平含量。结果显示于表1中。
表1.富含京尼平的提取物的稳定性
贮存时间(周) | 京尼平,%w/w |
0 | 83.9 |
4 | 86.0 |
6 | 85.3 |
12 | 84.7 |
京尼平材料在测试的时间段内是稳定的。
实施例4
将通过实施例1中的方法制得的十五克富含京尼平的提取物溶解于118.10g10%乙醇溶液中。将16.89g的0.9N KOH溶液加入以上混合物中,并且在室温下(22℃)将京尼平搅拌水解7.5小时。用酒石酸将水解溶液的pH调节至低于4.0。将溶液加热至74℃,持续15分钟,并冷却。通过#2滤纸滤出沉淀物。接着,使用碳酸钙将滤液的pH调节至~6.5,并将浆液混合10分钟。滤掉所产生的沉淀物,并且通过加入醋酸,将滤液pH调节至4.0-4.5。加入丙氨酸(4.50g)后,通过加热至82℃,持续2hr,产生了京尼平红色。通过获取0.30g京尼平红色并用DI水稀释至30.0g来分析颜色。在Hunter Lab分光计上测量L-、a-和b-值,并且在UV/VIS分光计上测量了吸收曲线。结果显示于下表中。
参数 | 值 |
Hunter L-值 | 27.86 |
Hunter a-值 | 10.21 |
Hunter b-值 | 2.26 |
波长(最大,nm) | 550.09 |
吸收(最大) | 0.67314 |
实施例5
将通过实施例2中的方法制得的三克富含京尼平的提取物溶解于23.5g10%乙醇溶液中。将3.78g的1.0N KOH溶液加入以上混合物中,并且在室温下(22℃)将京尼平搅拌水解8.0小时。用酒石酸将水解溶液的pH调节至低于4.0。将溶液加热至74℃,持续15分钟,并冷却。通过#2滤纸滤出沉淀物。接着,使用碳酸钙将滤液的pH调节至~7.0,并将浆液混合15分钟。滤掉所产生的沉淀物,并且通过加入醋酸,将滤液pH调节至4.0-4.5。加入丙氨酸(1.20g)后,通过加热至84℃,持续2小时,产生了京尼平红色。通过获取0.50g京尼平红色并用DI水稀释至30.0g来分析颜色。在Hunter Lab分光计上测量L-、a-和b-值,并且在UV/VIS分光计上测量了吸收曲线。结果显示于下表中。
<u>参数</u> | <u>值</u> |
Hunter L-值 | 27.42 |
Hunter a-值 | 9.46 |
Hunter b-值 | 2.32 |
波长(最大,nm) | 549.97 |
吸收(最大) | 0.94423 |
实施例6
将通过实施例2中的方法制得的1.5克富含京尼平的提取物溶解于11.8g10%乙醇溶液中。将1.97g的1.0N KOH溶液加入以上混合物中,并且在室温下(22℃)将京尼平搅拌水解8.0小时。用酒石酸将水解溶液的pH调节至低于4.0。将溶液加热至74℃,持续15分钟,并冷却。通过#2滤纸滤出沉淀物。接着,使用碳酸钙将滤液的pH调节至~7.0,并将浆液混合15分钟。滤掉所产生的沉淀物,并且通过加入醋酸,将滤液pH调节至4.0-4.5。加入丙氨酸(0.60g)、牛磺酸(0.60g)和氯化镁(0.4486g)后,通过加热至84℃,持续2小时,产生了深褐色-黑色。通过获取0.10g京尼平颜色并用DI水稀释至30.0g来分析颜色。在Hunter Lab分光计上测量L-、a-和b-值,并且在UV/VIS分光计上测量了吸收曲线。结果显示于下表中。
参数 | 值 |
Hunter L-值 | 24.73 |
Hunter a-值 | 0.29 |
Hunter b-值 | 0.85 |
波长(最大,nm) | 542.83 |
吸收(最大) | 0.0170 |
波长(第2个峰,nm) | 595.06 |
吸收(第2个峰) | 0.88795 |
实施例7
将通过实施例2中的方法制得的0.108g富含京尼平的提取物分散于试管中8.6g8%的乙醇水溶液中。在~50℃水浴中加热后,固体完全溶解。然后,将以上京尼平溶液的1.0ml等份试样分开放入试管中,分别加入L-苏氨酸0.012g、L-异亮氨酸0.014g或L-组氨酸0.016g。所有试管在80℃水浴中加热2小时。通过获取0.30g所产生的京尼平颜色并用DI水稀释至30.0g来分析颜色。在Hunter Lab分光计上测量L-、a-和b-值,并且在UV/VIS分光计上测量了吸收曲线。结果显示于下表中。
参数 | L-苏氨酸 | L-异亮氨酸 | L-组氨酸 |
稀释(g/ml) | 0.50/100 | 0.30/100 | 0.10/100 |
颜色 | 绿色 | 绿色 | 绿色 |
Hunter L-值 | 79.12 | 87.41 | 71.13 |
Hunter a-值 | -5.91 | -3.42 | -7.82 |
Hunter b-值 | -2.42 | -0.77 | -17.46 |
波长(最大,nm) | 596.32 | 600.12 | 592.2 |
吸收(最大) | 0.11914 | 0.06746 | 0.2537 |
实施例8
将通过实施例2中的方法制得的0.37g富含京尼平的提取物分散于烧杯中34.63g10%的乙醇水溶液中。加入0.7g丙氨酸和1.4g木糖,并溶解。将样品在92℃加热1小时。冷却后,通过获取1.50g颜色溶液并用DI水稀释至30.0g来分析颜色。与单独的丙氨酸与富含京尼平的提取物混合时观察到的红色相对照,观察到颜色为橙-红色。在Hunter Lab分光计上测量L-、a-和b-值,并且结果显示于下表中。
参数 | L-丙氨酸和木糖 |
颜色 | 橙-红色 |
Hunter L-值 | 25.12 |
Hunter a-值 | 2.48 |
Hunter b-值 | -0.22 |
Claims (8)
1.从美洲格尼帕树制备富含京尼平的着色剂的方法,其包括:
(a)用水提取美洲格尼帕树果实来源,所述美洲格尼帕树果实来源选自来自Huito、美洲格尼帕树或其变种的完整果实、果汁、果泥、果汁浓缩物、果实或汁液的干粉形式、果实的水溶性部分及其混合物,接着用乙酸丁酯进一步提取,以生成富含京尼平的提取物,富含京尼平的提取物分散或溶解于5-50%乙醇中,以及0.5-1.5N氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中,至5-10%w/w提取物的浓度;
(b)在室温即~20℃下水解富含京尼平的提取物30分钟至24小时,用或不用加热,以生成水解提取物;
(c)使用酸来中和水解的富含京尼平的提取物的pH,将水解提取物的pH调节至3.5-5.0以生成酸化溶液;
(d)将酸化的溶液加热至65℃-85℃,持续5-120分钟,以生成褐色沉淀,除去不溶性的褐色副产物,完成沉淀物分离,以形成清澈溶液,其中通过添加碳酸钙来调节pH至5-7.5并且混合5-30分钟来进一步增强不溶性褐色副产物的形成;
(e)用有机酸或盐,将上述清澈溶液调节至4.0-4.6的pH;以及
(f)与具有伯胺基团的化合物混合以制备富含京尼平的着色剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中使用离子交换柱和/或膜滤器进一步纯化和浓缩所述着色剂。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述具有伯胺基团的化合物是氨基酸。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中所述氨基酸选自丙氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、谷氨酸,及其混合物。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中反应混合物另外含有碱土金属或多价金属,并且获得黑色色调。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中反应混合物另外含有碱土金属,其选自镁、钙及其混合物。
7.含有有效量的根据权利要求1制得的着色剂的着色食品和可食产品。
8.使用根据权利要求1的方法制备的富含京尼平的材料制得的着色剂。
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EP3427598B1 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
CL2014001195A1 (es) | 2015-02-27 |
US8945640B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 |
EP3238550A1 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
EP2775861B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
EP2775861A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
JP6152384B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
IN2014CN04069A (zh) | 2015-10-23 |
EP3666089A1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
EA028521B1 (ru) | 2017-11-30 |
ES2797532T3 (es) | 2020-12-02 |
CA2863810A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
CN113142466A (zh) | 2021-07-23 |
AU2012335907B2 (en) | 2015-12-24 |
JP2014532441A (ja) | 2014-12-08 |
BR112014010978A2 (pt) | 2017-12-05 |
EA201490824A1 (ru) | 2014-10-30 |
MX2014005574A (es) | 2014-11-25 |
JP6446090B2 (ja) | 2018-12-26 |
USRE46314E1 (en) | 2017-02-21 |
CA2863810C (en) | 2023-05-02 |
USRE47153E1 (en) | 2018-12-11 |
BR112014010978B1 (pt) | 2020-11-03 |
JP2017169584A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
EP3427598A1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
WO2013070682A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
ES2640002T3 (es) | 2017-10-31 |
NZ624662A (en) | 2015-05-29 |
CN104168775A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
AU2012335907A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
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