CN104115650B - A kind of saline land greening method - Google Patents

A kind of saline land greening method Download PDF

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CN104115650B
CN104115650B CN201410315262.7A CN201410315262A CN104115650B CN 104115650 B CN104115650 B CN 104115650B CN 201410315262 A CN201410315262 A CN 201410315262A CN 104115650 B CN104115650 B CN 104115650B
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herba
seed
weight portions
small iris
chinese small
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CN104115650A (en
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杨明琪
蔡飞
靳文东
李秀忠
刘军明
付文峰
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BEIJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY FOREST SCIENCE Co.,Ltd.
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BEIJING LINDA FORESTRY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of wild flower for saline land greening to combine, including following components: Chinese small iris, daylight chrysanthemum, Fructus Kochiae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba veronicae, gaillardia aristata, Echinacea purpurea Moench, Aquilegia viridiflora, China's Dianthus chinensis, borse balm, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Lythri Salicariae, Coreopsis basalis, Herba Taraxaci, eryuelan, coreopsis, youth-and-old-age, Herba Tagetis Patulae, Mirabilis jalapa, pinniform cockscomb, Herba Limoii Bicoloris and Zoysia sinica.Wild flower of the present invention combination is while reasonably combination serves greening salt-soda soil, it is ensured that have good landscape effect.Present invention also offers a kind of implantation methods for the combination of saline land greening wild flower.

Description

A kind of saline land greening method
Technical field
The present invention relates to cropping pattern and the implantation methods of salt-soda soil woods, relating more specifically to a kind of by saline alkali tolerant plant being screened employing reasonably combination and the saline land greening method of implantation methods.
Background technology
Saline-alkali soil is all to be formed under certain natural conditions, and its essence formed is mainly various ease of solubility salt and makees redistributing of horizontal direction and vertical direction on ground, so that salinity builds up at the upper soll layer that collection salt is regional.Salt-soda soil is a kind of salt aggregation, refer to that salinity contained inside soil has influence on the normal growth of crop, according to UNESCO and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the area in salt-soda soil, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 99,130,000 hectares.China's alkaline earth and the formation of alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, thus basicity is the highest, and serious salt affected soil regional plant is little to existence.
China's saline-alkali soil areal area is the soil types according to it and weather conditions change decision, is divided into salting district, strand, Huang-Huai-Hai plain salting district, desert and desert steppe salting district, the big type in four, salting district, grassland.
Although some plant can grow in salt-soda soil, but alkaline land improvement becoming neutral soil bigger to the benefit of the mankind, it is the most extensive that this type of research is also carried out.Main further impr-vement is to reduce underground evaporation of water and reduce groundwater level, the measure that can use includes that planting salt-tolerant plant improves the vegetation coverage in salt-soda soil, improvement irrigation means stop flood irrigation, introducing flushing salt-soda soil, water source makes soluble-salt ooze under dissolving, level land and be beneficial under current ooze, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching;Set up gutter and reduce groundwater level.In addition the method that may be used without chemistry, applies the materials such as Gypsum Fibrosum in soil and also can beneficially improve salt-soda soil.Along with the fast development of urbanization process, city size gradually expands, and urban afforestation problem is increasingly severe, the area that especially some saline and alkaline degree are higher, and its Greening problem is especially prominent.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, it is an object of the invention to provide the greening method in a kind of salt-soda soil, by the screening of saline alkali tolerant plant employing are reasonably combined and implantation methods so that it can be seen that beautiful grand ground is by landscape effect under the conditions of salt-soda soil.
Wild flower for saline land greening of the present invention combines, including following components: Chinese small iris, daylight chrysanthemum, Fructus Kochiae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba veronicae, gaillardia aristata, Echinacea purpurea Moench, Aquilegia viridiflora, China's Dianthus chinensis, borse balm, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Lythri Salicariae, Coreopsis basalis, Herba Taraxaci, eryuelan, coreopsis, youth-and-old-age, Herba Tagetis Patulae, Mirabilis jalapa, pinniform cockscomb, Herba Limoii Bicoloris and Zoysia sinica.The combination of described wild flower includes salt-secreting plant, saline alkali tolerant plant, is ensureing that it can be on the premise of the plantation plot vigorous growth of salt-soda soil, it is also possible to effectively improve the soil regime in salt-soda soil.Meanwhile, the combination of described wild flower have passed through screening and reasonably combines, and different trophophases and florescence is combined so that it can be seen that beautiful grand ground is by landscape effect under the conditions of salt-soda soil.
Preferably, the described wild flower for saline land greening combines and includes following components: the Chinese small iris of 10 weight portions, the daylight chrysanthemum of 5 weight portions, the Fructus Kochiae of 3 weight portions, the Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot of 5 weight portions, the Herba veronicae of 3 weight portions, the gaillardia aristata of 5 weight portions, the Echinacea purpurea Moench of 5 weight portions, the Aquilegia viridiflora of 5 weight portions, the Chinese Dianthus chinensis of 5 weight portions, the borse balm of 5 weight portions, the Radix Platycodonis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Lythri Salicariae of 3 weight portions, the Coreopsis basalis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Taraxaci of 3 weight portions, the eryuelan of 3 weight portions, the coreopsis of 5 weight portions, the youth-and-old-age of 5 weight portions, the Herba Tagetis Patulae of 5 weight portions, the Mirabilis jalapa of 10 weight portions, the pinniform cockscomb of 5 weight portions, the Herba Limoii Bicoloris of 10 weight portions and the Zoysia sinica of 3 weight portions.
Present invention also offers the implantation methods that a kind of wild flower for saline land greening combines, it comprises the following steps:
First stage, in First Year JIUYUE, the surrounding plantation shrub plant raw nursery stock of Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis 2-5 in plantation plot;Furrow noodles in plantation plot broadcast herbaceous plant Chinese small iris, Aquilegia viridiflora and Herba Limoii Bicoloris, and the line-spacing of Chinese small iris is not less than 1m, and Aquilegia viridiflora is not more than 25-30cm with the line space of Chinese small iris;Herba Limoii Bicoloris is not more than 25-30cm with the spacing of Aquilegia viridiflora;Last Zoysia sinica and the eryuelan of sowing grass seeds by duster with plantation plot blank space;The present invention plants the salt-secreting plant such as Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis, Herba Limoii Bicoloris in First Year on described plantation plot, can effectively reduce the saline and alkaline degree in described plantation plot, and the growth for other saline alkali tolerant plants of Second Year lays the foundation.
Second stage, prepares seed belt, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm is mixed, program request on seed belt, hot-house culture, after Second Year beginning of spring, seed belt is directly planted on described plantation plot in the plantation ditch offered.Because Echinacea purpurea Moench needs to sow in advance, it is ensured that have enough blade quantities, Second Year can be only achieved good plant type and the amount of blooming.Radix Platycodonis needs to sow in advance, it is ensured that enough plant sizes, and Second Year can be only achieved good plant type and the amount of blooming.Borse balm needs to sow in advance, ensures that Second Year has good plant type and the amount of blooming.So the present invention prepares seed belt in advance, described Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm are planted in seed belt, are placed in greenhouse and pass the winter, it is ensured that the good plant type of described Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm and the amount of blooming.
Phase III, after Second Year is bloomed spring, the seed mixed-matrix of Fructus Kochiae, Herba veronicae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba Taraxaci, coreopsis and pinniform cockscomb is prepared pill, the most directly broadcasts sowing;The seed of daylight chrysanthemum, gaillardia aristata, youth-and-old-age and Herba Tagetis Patulae is mixed, directly sows grass seeds by duster;Mirabilis jalapa uses the mode broadcasted sowing to sow;
Fourth stage, Second Year autumn, sowing China Dianthus chinensis, Herba Lythri Salicariae and Coreopsis basalis;Described Herba Lythri Salicariae needs Furrow sowing, and it is not more than 15-25cm apart from described Chinese small iris line-spacing.
Preferably, the described substrate that the described phase III uses when preparing pill includes: neutral soil 45-50%;Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis plant dried powder 10-15%;Binding agent 2-5% and sodium alginate 5-10%.
Preferably, the planting process of described Chinese small iris comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely, ditch according to the line-spacing not less than 1m, ditch depth 20-25cm, furrow width 20-25cm;Bottom of trench lays the damp sand that 10cm is thick;
(2) sowing, carries out mixing seed dressing with damp sand by the seed of described Chinese small iris, and drilling is in ditch;
(3) covering, after planting ditch is interior now covers one layer of neutral soil being mixed with water-retaining agent, and then the superiors' soil in described plantation plot covers.Conventional Chinese small iris needs sand in winter to hide accelerating germination, if directly sowing could be germinateed for 2-3 month.Chinese small iris is directly sowed in the plantation ditch having buried damp sand by the method for the invention, both can ensure that the seed safety of Chinese small iris was survived the winter, the step of seed treatment when decreasing again plantation, reduces artificial, improves efficiency.
Preferably, the preparation method of seed belt described in second stage includes:
A, degradable regenerative cardboard is utilized to make the strip pedestal with multiple unit;
B, in each unit of described pedestal fill seedling medium, described seedling medium includes: soil 60-70%;Organic 20-30% and fertilizer 5-10%.
C, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm being mixed, program request is in each unit of seed belt.Described seed belt can directly be planted on described plantation plot, decreases the sowing of transplanting, is possible not only to improve survival rate of plant, it is ensured that it has good plant type and the amount of blooming, and can reduce artificial, improves efficiency.
Wild flower for saline land greening of the present invention combines, and the seed suitability is strong, utilizes the reasonable combination at different growing stages and florescence, it is ensured that the landscape effect that saline land greening is excellent.Implantation methods for the combination of saline land greening wild flower of the present invention, method is simple, and seed germination rate is effectively ensured, survival rate of plant, and the combination of described wild flower has good plant type and the amount of blooming to provide excellent environment to ensure, and can reduce artificial, improve efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art can implement according to this with reference to description word.
Embodiment 1
The described wild flower for saline land greening combines and includes following components: the Chinese small iris of 10 weight portions, the daylight chrysanthemum of 5 weight portions, the Fructus Kochiae of 3 weight portions, the Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot of 5 weight portions, the Herba veronicae of 3 weight portions, the gaillardia aristata of 5 weight portions, the Echinacea purpurea Moench of 5 weight portions, the Aquilegia viridiflora of 5 weight portions, the Chinese Dianthus chinensis of 5 weight portions, the borse balm of 5 weight portions, the Radix Platycodonis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Lythri Salicariae of 3 weight portions, the Coreopsis basalis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Taraxaci of 3 weight portions, the eryuelan of 3 weight portions, the coreopsis of 5 weight portions, the youth-and-old-age of 5 weight portions, the Herba Tagetis Patulae of 5 weight portions, the Mirabilis jalapa of 10 weight portions, the pinniform cockscomb of 5 weight portions, the Herba Limoii Bicoloris of 10 weight portions and the Zoysia sinica of 3 weight portions.
Present invention also offers the implantation methods that a kind of wild flower for saline land greening combines, it comprises the following steps:
First stage, in First Year JIUYUE, the surrounding plantation shrub plant raw nursery stock of Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis 2-5 in plantation plot;Furrow noodles in plantation plot broadcast herbaceous plant Chinese small iris, Aquilegia viridiflora and Herba Limoii Bicoloris, and the line-spacing of Chinese small iris is not less than the line space for example, 30cm of 1m, Aquilegia viridiflora and Chinese small iris;Herba Limoii Bicoloris and the spacing for example, 25cm of Aquilegia viridiflora;Last Zoysia sinica and the eryuelan of sowing grass seeds by duster with plantation plot blank space;The planting process of described Chinese small iris comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely, ditch according to the line-spacing not less than 1m, ditch depth for example, 25cm, furrow width for example, 20cm;Bottom of trench lays the damp sand that 10cm is thick;
(2) sowing, carries out mixing seed dressing with damp sand by the seed of described Chinese small iris, and drilling is in ditch;
(3) covering, after planting ditch is interior now covers one layer of neutral soil being mixed with water-retaining agent, and then the superiors' soil in described plantation plot covers.
Second stage, prepares seed belt, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm is mixed, program request on seed belt, hot-house culture, after Second Year beginning of spring, seed belt is directly planted on described plantation plot in the plantation ditch offered.The preparation method of described seed belt includes:
A, degradable regenerative cardboard is utilized to make the strip pedestal with multiple unit;
B, in each unit of described pedestal fill seedling medium, described seedling medium includes: soil 70%;Organic matter 20% and fertilizer 10%.
C, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm being mixed, program request is in each unit of seed belt.
Phase III, after Second Year is bloomed spring, the seed mixed-matrix of Fructus Kochiae, Herba veronicae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba Taraxaci, coreopsis and pinniform cockscomb is prepared pill, the most directly broadcasts sowing;The seed of daylight chrysanthemum, gaillardia aristata, youth-and-old-age and Herba Tagetis Patulae is mixed, directly sows grass seeds by duster;Mirabilis jalapa uses the mode broadcasted sowing to sow;The described substrate used when preparing pill includes: neutral soil 50%;Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis plant dried powder 10%;Binding agent 5% and sodium alginate 8%.
Fourth stage, Second Year autumn, sowing China Dianthus chinensis, Herba Lythri Salicariae and Coreopsis basalis;Described Herba Lythri Salicariae needs Furrow sowing, and it is not more than 25cm apart from described Chinese small iris line-spacing.
Embodiment 2
The described wild flower for saline land greening combines and includes following components: the Chinese small iris of 10 weight portions, the daylight chrysanthemum of 5 weight portions, the Fructus Kochiae of 3 weight portions, the Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot of 5 weight portions, the Herba veronicae of 3 weight portions, the gaillardia aristata of 5 weight portions, the Echinacea purpurea Moench of 5 weight portions, the Aquilegia viridiflora of 5 weight portions, the Chinese Dianthus chinensis of 5 weight portions, the borse balm of 5 weight portions, the Radix Platycodonis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Lythri Salicariae of 3 weight portions, the Coreopsis basalis of 5 weight portions, the Herba Taraxaci of 3 weight portions, the eryuelan of 3 weight portions, the coreopsis of 5 weight portions, the youth-and-old-age of 5 weight portions, the Herba Tagetis Patulae of 5 weight portions, the Mirabilis jalapa of 10 weight portions, the pinniform cockscomb of 5 weight portions, the Herba Limoii Bicoloris of 10 weight portions and the Zoysia sinica of 3 weight portions.
Present invention also offers the implantation methods that a kind of wild flower for saline land greening combines, it comprises the following steps:
First stage, in First Year JIUYUE, the surrounding plantation shrub plant raw nursery stock of Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis 2-5 in plantation plot;Furrow noodles in plantation plot broadcast herbaceous plant Chinese small iris, Aquilegia viridiflora and Herba Limoii Bicoloris, and the line-spacing of Chinese small iris is not less than the line space for example, 25cm of 1m, Aquilegia viridiflora and Chinese small iris;Herba Limoii Bicoloris and the spacing for example, 25cm of Aquilegia viridiflora;Last Zoysia sinica and the eryuelan of sowing grass seeds by duster with plantation plot blank space;The planting process of described Chinese small iris comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely, ditch according to the line-spacing not less than 1m, ditch depth for example, 25cm, furrow width such as 25cm;Bottom of trench lays the damp sand that 10cm is thick;
(2) sowing, carries out mixing seed dressing with damp sand by the seed of described Chinese small iris, and drilling is in ditch;
(3) covering, after planting ditch is interior now covers one layer of neutral soil being mixed with water-retaining agent, and then the superiors' soil in described plantation plot covers.
Second stage, prepares seed belt, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm is mixed, program request on seed belt, hot-house culture, after Second Year beginning of spring, seed belt is directly planted on described plantation plot in the plantation ditch offered.The preparation method of described seed belt includes:
A, degradable regenerative cardboard is utilized to make the strip pedestal with multiple unit;
B, in each unit of described pedestal fill seedling medium, described seedling medium includes: soil 60%;Organic matter 30% and fertilizer 10%.
C, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm being mixed, program request is in each unit of seed belt.
Phase III, after Second Year is bloomed spring, the seed mixed-matrix of Fructus Kochiae, Herba veronicae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba Taraxaci, coreopsis and pinniform cockscomb is prepared pill, the most directly broadcasts sowing;The seed of daylight chrysanthemum, perennial root adult chrysanthemum, daytime grass and Herba Tagetis Patulae is mixed, directly sows grass seeds by duster;Mirabilis jalapa uses the mode broadcasted sowing to sow;The described substrate used when preparing pill includes: neutral soil 45%;Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis plant dried powder 15%;Binding agent 2% and sodium alginate 5%.
Fourth stage, Second Year autumn, sowing China Dianthus chinensis, Herba Lythri Salicariae and Coreopsis basalis;Described Herba Lythri Salicariae needs Furrow sowing, and it is not more than 25cm apart from described Chinese small iris line-spacing.
Although embodiment of the present invention are disclosed as above, but it is not restricted in description and embodiment listed utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, it is easily achieved other amendment, therefore, under the general concept limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited to specific details.

Claims (4)

1. the implantation methods for the wild flower combination of saline land greening, the described wild flower for saline land greening combines, including following components: Chinese small iris, daylight chrysanthemum, Fructus Kochiae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba veronicae, gaillardia aristata, Echinacea purpurea Moench, Aquilegia viridiflora, China's Dianthus chinensis, borse balm, Radix Platycodonis, Herba Lythri Salicariae, Coreopsis basalis, Herba Taraxaci, eryuelan, coreopsis, youth-and-old-age, Herba Tagetis Patulae, Mirabilis jalapa, pinniform cockscomb, Herba Limoii Bicoloris and Zoysia sinica;It is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
First stage, in First Year JIUYUE, the surrounding plantation shrub plant raw nursery stock of Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis 2-5 in plantation plot;Furrow noodles in plantation plot broadcast herbaceous plant Chinese small iris, Aquilegia viridiflora and Herba Limoii Bicoloris, and the line-spacing of Chinese small iris is not less than 1m, and Aquilegia viridiflora is not more than 25-30cm with the line space of Chinese small iris;Herba Limoii Bicoloris is not more than 25-30cm with the spacing of Aquilegia viridiflora;Finally sow grass seeds by duster Zoysia sinica and eryuelan in described plantation plot blank space;
Second stage, prepares seed belt, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm is mixed, program request on seed belt, hot-house culture, after Second Year beginning of spring, seed belt is directly planted on described plantation plot in the plantation ditch offered;
Phase III, after Second Year is bloomed spring, the seed mixed-matrix of Fructus Kochiae, Herba veronicae, Flos Caryophylli Flos abelmoschi manihot, Herba Taraxaci, coreopsis and pinniform cockscomb is prepared pill, the most directly broadcasts sowing;The seed of daylight chrysanthemum, gaillardia aristata, youth-and-old-age and Herba Tagetis Patulae is mixed, directly sows grass seeds by duster;Mirabilis jalapa uses the mode broadcasted sowing to sow;
Fourth stage, Second Year autumn, sowing China Dianthus chinensis, Herba Lythri Salicariae and Coreopsis basalis;Described Herba Lythri Salicariae needs Furrow sowing, and it is not more than 15-25cm apart from described Chinese small iris line-spacing.
2. the implantation methods combined for the wild flower of saline land greening as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the described substrate used when the described phase III prepares pill includes: neutral soil 45-50%;Ramulus et Folium Tamaricis plant dried powder 10-15%;Binding agent 2-5% and sodium alginate 5-10%.
3. the implantation methods combined for the wild flower of saline land greening as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the planting process of described Chinese small iris comprises the following steps:
(1) wholely, ditch according to the line-spacing not less than 1m, ditch depth 20-25cm, furrow width 20-25cm;Bottom of trench lays the damp sand that 10cm is thick;
(2) sowing, carries out mixing seed dressing with damp sand by the seed of described Chinese small iris, and drilling is in ditch;
(3) covering, after planting first cover one layer of neutral soil being mixed with water-retaining agent in ditch, then the superiors' soil in described plantation plot covers.
4. the implantation methods combined for the wild flower of saline land greening as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the preparation method of seed belt includes:
A, degradable regenerative cardboard is utilized to make the strip pedestal with multiple unit;
B, in each unit of described pedestal fill seedling medium, described seedling medium includes: soil 60-70%;Organic 20-30% and fertilizer 5-10%;
C, the seed of Echinacea purpurea Moench, Radix Platycodonis and borse balm being mixed, program request is in each unit of seed belt.
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