Sowing and the maintenance process of the border wild flower combination of a kind of woodland flower
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sowing and maintenance process of wild flower combination, particularly sowing and the maintenance process of the border wild flower combination of a kind of woodland flower.
Background technology
The wild flower combination, originate from west Development of Turf country early, from eighties of last century, just in American-European Landscape, come into vogue the seventies, but, concerning many people on circle, China gardens, it is still a very strange concept.The Chinese the earth of making colorful, we must know the wild flower combination.By tens kinds, annual, biennial and perennial wild flower seed mixes for it, its most annual wild flower has the ability of solid natural seeding, and perennial wild flower can maintain 3-5 without reseeding, and specialty research in 10 years is gone through in the series wild flower combination of woodland flower border, collocation experiment repeatedly, it is gorgeous that proportioning goes out pattern, warmly bold and unrestrained, numerous in variety, the combination that rustic charm is abundant, florescence, from the spring to the autumn, blooms constantly, very lively.Nowadays woodland flower border expression effect has been designed the extensive approval of institute and landscape engineering company, but current sowing and maintenance process emergence rate are low, the low low main cause of wild flower combination popularity rate that becomes of survival rate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide sowing and the maintenance process of the border wild flower combination of a kind of woodland flower, woodland flower border wild flower combination open field live broadcast, germinate easily, instant effect.
In order to solve the existing problem of background technology, the invention provides sowing and the maintenance process of the border wild flower combination of a kind of woodland flower, its step is as follows:
1) before the sowing, prepare
1.1 selection of land: plow layer, at 20~30cm, is sowed regional light transmittance and is greater than 30%;
1.2 whole ground: adopt and plough or manually dig, the degree of depth is at 20~30cm;
1.3 soil disinfection: select 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution, be sprayed at soil surface;
1.4 pour water: after soil disinfection, soil is poured water, increase soil moisture content in 20~50cm soil layer;
1.5 improvement soil
According to the soil depletion degree, after pouring water, in 2 days, evenly be sprinkling upon fertilizer on soil;
1.6 turn over
The fertilising same day or second day, turned over to soil, and ploughing depth is 20-40cm;
1.7 again improve soil
Barren degree according to soil, after ploughing deeply, soil is appended to inorganic composite fertilizer, the fertilizer ratio is: diammonium phosphate is: 57%, phosphate fertilizer is: 28%, urea is: 15%, after being mixed, fertilizer imposes below the soil layer of distance earth's surface 5cm, make fertilizer and soil fully mix, reduce the fertilizer evaporation and run off;
1.8 again level land
After having executed fertilizer, repeatedly intersect the hack of raking the soil level, make the complete refinement of soil;
2) sowing
2.1 first seed is sprayed with clear water, then use the seed after hydrogen peroxide is mixed cleaning, then to use 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, temperature be 25 ℃, immersion is 20 minutes-30 minutes, then, with clear water water spray, finally seed is placed on to ventilation and dries in the shade.
2.2 before sowing, seed is mixed fully, avoids because mixing the inhomogeneous kind growth distribution uneven phenomenon occurred;
2.3 the sowing time
Temperature is as the most critical index of sowing, and night in early spring, 10 ℃ of minimum temperatures continued, after one week, to start sowing;
2.4 type of seeding
2.4.1 division plot: according to landform, be divided into 200-1000m
2be a sowing unit, seeding quantity 2-5g/m
2;
2.4.2, before sowing, according to ready-portioned unit are plot, take corresponding seed, by the wet sand of the mixed upper 3 times of volumes of seed, in the unit are of regulation, evenly spread at twice, after planting, the zone with a sowing of rake combing, then grind reality with a stone roller;
2.4.3 carry out epiphragma after having sowed, with plastic film, as the heat and moisture preserving film, will sow zone and cover, if under plastic foil, temperature surpasses 30 ℃, need to carry out aeration-cooling, while when emerging, reaching 40%, temperature will remain on 20 ℃, while when emerging, reaching 50%, throws off plastic film;
2.4.4, after throwing off plastic film, start water spray, guarantee that the soil thickness of earth's surface 5~10cm keeps the humidity more than 90%, spray 1-2 every day, and the continuous water spray time is not less than 20 days, guarantees that the 10cm soil layer is moistening;
3) maintenance process
3.1 moisture supplements
Guarantee that the regional soil layer 5-10mm of sowing is moistening;
3.2 topdress
3.2.1 when bud appears in plant, execute short fertilizer for the first time, each composition weight umber of fertilizer is: 50 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 15-25 part, potassium oxide 30-35 part, 2 parts, zinc, 0.8 part of boron and magnesia 10-12 part;
3.2.2 when bud generally has 0.2-0.3cm long, carry out spray leaf fertilizer for the second time, each composition weight mark of foliar fertilizer is: 10 parts of the potassium dihydrogen phosphates that 15 parts of the one-lime phosphates that 5 parts of the monopotassium phosphates that 10 parts, the urea that concentration is 0.2-2%, concentration are 0.1-0.2%, concentration are 0.2-0.4% and concentration are 0.15-0.25;
3.3 weeds are controlled
After planting the 25th day and the 40th day, carry out 2 artificial weeding work, at first pull out local indigenous dicotyledon weeds, if grassy weed is more, adopt selective herbicide to be sprayed;
3.4 prune
3.4.1 prune for the first time
Prune for the first time after full-bloom stage and carry out, remove residual flower, the deadwood leaf, play the use of doing attractive in appearance;
3.4.2 prune for the second time
Prune for the second time after whole florescences finish, before freezing, the acrial part dead twigs and withered leaves stayed below 5cm and prunes away, mainly for prevent fire, attractive in appearance, be convenient to water winter and freeze water and water the water of turning green spring;
Freeze water 3.5 water
When night, minimum mean temperature continued 1 week lower than 5 ℃, start to water and freeze water, guarantee that the regional soil layer 1-20cm of sowing is moistening;
3.6 water the water of turning green
Carry out before spring, the plants began to shoot, start to water the water of turning green, guarantee that the regional soil layer 10-20cm of sowing is moistening;
Preferred version is: weed killer herbicide is selected smart quizalofopethyl.
Preferred version is: use rotovator to carry out real tillage.
Preferred version is: fertilizer is selected cow dung.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: time and labour saving, landscape effect is good, survival rate is high and the emergence rate high, woodland flower border is more much lower than cold-season type lawn to the requirement of soil, manage more extensive again, cost, but afforestation effect is splendid.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts following specific embodiments:
1) before the sowing, prepare
1.1 selection of land: plow layer, at 20~30cm, is sowed regional light transmittance and is greater than 30%;
1.2 whole ground: adopt and plough or manually dig, the degree of depth is at 20~30cm;
1.3 soil disinfection: select 50% carbendazol wettable powder and 800 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate dilution, be sprayed at soil surface;
1.4 pour water: after soil disinfection, soil is poured water, increase soil moisture content in 20~50cm soil layer;
1.5 improvement soil
According to the soil depletion degree, after pouring water, in 2 days, fertilizer evenly is sprinkling upon on soil, fertilizer can be selected cow dung;
1.6 turn over
The fertilising same day or second day, turned over to soil, and ploughing depth is 20~40cm, can use rotovator to carry out real tillage;
1.7 again improve soil
Barren degree according to soil, after ploughing deeply, soil is appended to inorganic composite fertilizer, the fertilizer ratio is: diammonium phosphate is: 57%, phosphate fertilizer is: 28%, urea is: 15%, after being mixed, fertilizer imposes below the soil layer of distance earth's surface 5cm, make fertilizer and soil fully mix, reduce the fertilizer evaporation and run off;
1.8 again level land
After having executed fertilizer, repeatedly intersect the hack of raking the soil level, make the complete refinement of soil;
2) sowing
2.1 first seed is sprayed with clear water, then use the seed after hydrogen peroxide is mixed cleaning, then to use 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate, temperature be 25 ℃, immersion is 20 minutes-30 minutes, then, with clear water water spray, finally seed is placed on to ventilation and dries in the shade.
2.2 before sowing, seed is mixed fully, avoids because mixing the inhomogeneous kind growth distribution uneven phenomenon occurred;
2.3 the sowing time
Temperature is as the most critical index of sowing, and night in early spring, 10 ℃ of minimum temperatures continued, after one week, to start sowing;
2.4 type of seeding
2.4.1 division plot: according to landform, be divided into 200-1000m
2be a sowing unit, seeding quantity 2-5g/m
2;
2.4.2, before sowing, according to ready-portioned unit are plot, take corresponding seed, by the wet sand of the mixed upper 3 times of volumes of seed, in the unit are of regulation, evenly spread at twice, after planting, the zone with a sowing of rake combing, then grind reality with a stone roller;
2.4.3 carry out epiphragma after having sowed, with plastic film, as the heat and moisture preserving film, will sow zone and cover, if under plastic foil, temperature surpasses 30 ℃, need to carry out aeration-cooling, while when emerging, reaching 40%, temperature will remain on 20 ℃, while when emerging, reaching 50%, throws off plastic film;
2.4.4, after throwing off plastic film, start water spray, guarantee that the soil thickness of earth's surface 5~10cm keeps the humidity more than 90%, spray 1-2 every day, and the continuous water spray time is not less than 20 days, guarantees that the 10cm soil layer is moistening;
3) maintenance process
3.1 moisture supplements
Guarantee that the regional soil layer 5-10mm of sowing is moistening;
3.2 topdress
3.2.1 when bud appears in plant, execute short fertilizer for the first time, each composition weight umber of fertilizer is: 50 parts, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide 15-25 part, potassium oxide 30-35 part, 2 parts, zinc, 0.8 part of boron and magnesia 10-12 part;
3.2.2 when bud generally has 0.2-0.3cm long, carry out spray leaf fertilizer for the second time, each composition weight mark of foliar fertilizer is: 10 parts of the potassium dihydrogen phosphates that 15 parts of the one-lime phosphates that 5 parts of the monopotassium phosphates that 10 parts, the urea that concentration is 0.2-2%, concentration are 0.1-0.2%, concentration are 0.2-0.4% and concentration are 0.15-0.25;
3.3 weeds are controlled
After planting the 25th day and the 40th day, carry out 2 artificial weeding work, at first pull out local indigenous dicotyledon weeds, if grassy weed is more, adopt selective herbicide to be sprayed, weed killer herbicide is selected smart quizalofopethyl;
3.4 prune
3.4.1 prune for the first time
Prune for the first time after full-bloom stage and carry out, remove residual flower, the deadwood leaf, play the use of doing attractive in appearance;
3.4.2 prune for the second time
Prune for the second time after whole florescences finish, before freezing, the acrial part dead twigs and withered leaves stayed below 5cm and prunes away, mainly for prevent fire, attractive in appearance, be convenient to water winter and freeze water and water the water of turning green spring;
Freeze water 3.5 water
When night, minimum mean temperature continued 1 week lower than 5 ℃, start to water and freeze water, guarantee that the regional soil layer 1-20cm of sowing is moistening;
3.6 water the water of turning green
Carry out before spring, the plants began to shoot, start to water the water of turning green, guarantee that the regional soil layer 10-20cm of sowing is moistening;
After-culture: 1, after-culture is to maintain the effective method of wild flower landscape effect, and people can add kind according to the wish of oneself.After withering in the wild flower later stage, once cut and cut, next spring soil thaw after after-culture.At cold district, sowing in autumn will be a little later.In order to avoid germinate before Second Year arrival in spring, thereby cause winter severe cold that seedling is freezed to death.The warmer climate area, autumn sowing will more as early as possible, guarantee prematurity next spring.Adopt the way at the soil surface trench digging during after-culture, guarantee soil and seed good contact.2, after planting 4-6 week scholar earth must keep certain humidity, to guarantee that seed can well germinate.Seeding quantity is correctly grasped in our suggestion, between after-culture amount suggestion 1-2.5g.If during reseeding, seed amount is too much, may cause wild flower too intensive, undergrowth.
If 3 your targets are mainly perennial wild flowers, check the place of wild flower plantation, rough estimate has the perennial flowers of how much quantity there, and the perennial flowers of how many kinds are arranged.If be piece vacant lot fully, can sow so a large amount of our existing mixing wild flower kinds or by the wild flower hybrid of customer requirement preparation.Allow the perennial wild flower of the intensive covering in whole plantation space be a kind of good method of controlling weeds.
Adopt the method, the more traditional sowing of emergence rate of woodland flower border wild flower combination and the emergence rate of maintenance process have improved 45.36%, and survival rate has improved 20.56%.
The flowers of using in the wild flower combination have stronger adaptability and resistance mostly.Wild flower combines once sowing, can keep blooming continuously for many years constantly, and the florescence is the longest, and the flower type is various, the purpose that pattern is widest in area.The wild flower combination has time and labour saving, and landscape effect is good, saves water source, the characteristics of extensive management.Wild flower water demand ratio lawn is few, and management is saved trouble than potted flower again, is the good substitute of turfgrass, potted flower.General wild flower combination seeding quantity is 2~3g/m
2, the seed cost is at 1~3 yuan/m
2left and right, with low cost.The highest kind of cost performance in greening.Once sowing can maintain landscape effect for many years, the more economical practicality of the seed costs that on average gets off.Although cost, afforestation effect is splendid.
Wild flower combination sowing is simple, only need simply broadcast sowing.Adaptive capacity is stronger, and the factors such as illumination, soil, temperature are had to wider requirement, can according to your thinking, beautify the environment in any place; Extensive management safeguards that simply the wild flower combination requires lower to liquid manure, as long as seedling is given enough abundant moisture in earlier stage, the later stage regularly waters, and in some rainwater more regions, relies on rainfall just can maintain landscape effect.