CN112189515A - Construction method of Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil - Google Patents
Construction method of Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112189515A CN112189515A CN202010895251.6A CN202010895251A CN112189515A CN 112189515 A CN112189515 A CN 112189515A CN 202010895251 A CN202010895251 A CN 202010895251A CN 112189515 A CN112189515 A CN 112189515A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) leveling soil surface, (2) digging a channel and ridging, (3) laminating, (4) transplanting, and (5) field maintenance. Wherein the light saline soil means that the total salt content of surface soil is 0.1-0.2%, and the field maintenance relates to watering, seedling supplementing, top application, pest control and weed removal. According to the method for constructing the red-leaf Kochia scoparia community, the original weeds on the ground can effectively improve the soil structure through ploughing, ridge forming cultivation can be beneficial to irrigation and drainage, the black degradable mulching film can effectively prevent and remove weeds on the ridge surface, weed in the ridge is prevented and removed through directionally spraying herbicide, the red-leaf Kochia scoparia is not damaged, the soil is kept moist, and the plants are neat and attractive, so that the purposes of preventing and removing weeds and constructing the red-leaf Kochia scoparia community are achieved. The method can be suitable for the development and utilization of coastal light saline soil and the requirements of red-leaf Kochia community construction and landscape construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil.
Background
Kochia scoparia is also called broom cypress, Chinese alpine rush and the like, is an annual herbaceous plant of Chenopodiaceae, has rich nutrition of tender stems and tender leaves, can be eaten and used as a medicine, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, inducing diuresis for treating stranguria, nourishing heart and soothing nerves. The red-leaf Kochia scoparia is one of the Kochia scoparia, and has certain ornamental value because the plant is compact and oval, and the leaf color is changed from green to red in autumn.
China is one of the countries with the largest area of saline-alkali soil in the world, the types of saline-alkali soil in the country are various, and the saline-alkali soil can be divided into three types, namely mild saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and severe saline-alkali soil according to the content of shallow salt in the soil. The slight saline-alkali soil has relatively low salt content, so that a plurality of plants can grow, and the land is high in development and utilization value. The red-leaf Kochia scoparia has strong adaptability, certain saline-alkali resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance, and certain ornamental value, can carry out biological community construction and landscape construction on mild saline-alkali land, but the mild saline-alkali land often grows with cattail, reed, Sparganium crispum, Alternaria, cord grass, Suaeda glauca, Chenopodium glaucum L and other weeds, especially the cattail and the reed, and has great influence on the growth of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly overcomes the defects of the prior planting technology, provides a method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil, and meets the requirements of light saline soil development and utilization, red-leaf Kochia scoparia community construction and landscape construction.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil comprises the following steps:
step 1), soil surface leveling: the mechanical operation is adopted, and the planting land is leveled according to the terrain, so that the planting land is convenient to fix and drain water;
step 2), digging a channel and ridging:
digging a canal: digging field head drainage channels around the flat land, wherein the width of the field head drainage channels is 1-2 m, the depth of the field head drainage channels is 0.8-1 m, and 1-2 field main water inlet drainage channels are dug every 5-10 mu in the middle of the field head drainage channels; the slope trench digging can be omitted;
ridging: the angle between the inclined plane of each ridge and the ground is 40-60 degrees, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of each furrow is 15-30 cm, the width of the top of each planting ridge is 20-40 cm, the width between every two ridges is 80-100 cm, and the angle between each ridge and the road surface or the ditch at the front of the field is 30-90 degrees, so that the planting field forms a ridge;
step 3), laminating: laminating a film 3-5 days before transplanting, selecting a black degradable mulching film with the width of 70-80 cm, and compacting the edge of the mulching film by using soil blocks;
step 4), transplanting: transplanting the red-leaf Kochia scoparia seedlings when the temperature is 15-35 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 10-28 ℃ at night and the relative humidity of soil at the ridge top is more than 60%, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, and one row is planted in each ridge; the seedling age is 25-35 days;
step 5), field maintenance:
watering: watering when the leaves of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia wither or the surface soil begins to turn white at noon, and irrigating and watering through furrow irrigation;
and (3) seedling supplementing: after transplanting for 10-15 days, filling seedlings;
topdressing: applying additional fertilizer once in the last ten days of month 5 or the last ten days of month 6, and spraying foliar fertilizer once in each of 8 months and 9 months;
removing weeds: weeding furrows by adopting a herbicide;
pest control: and (3) spraying a pesticide to remove aphids and green insects in the field.
Preferably, the soil salt content of the light saline soil is 0.1% -0.2%.
Preferably, the mechanical operation in step 1) is: the original weeds on the ground are crushed and pulverized by a grass chopper, the depression is filled by a digger, and the rotary tillage is carried out after ploughing over once.
Preferably, after ploughing once, applying a base fertilizer, and then carrying out rotary tillage after applying the base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 50-75 kg.
Preferably, the step 2), the step 3) and the step 4) can be mechanically operated by adopting a ridging, film-covering and transplanting all-in-one machine.
Preferably, the spot application and top dressing in the step 5) are urea, and the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu; the foliar fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, 100g of monopotassium phosphate is mixed with 40-80 kg of water, and the water consumption for spraying per mu of land is 60 kg.
Preferably, the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer in the step 5) is as follows: spraying the water for the first time in the middle or the last ten days of 8 months, spraying the water for the second time in the middle or the middle ten days of 9 months, and the interval between the two times is 15-20 days.
Preferably, the herbicide in the step 5) is glyphosate or a mixture of glyphosate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, haloxyfop-methyl and organosilicon.
Preferably, the insecticide of step 5) is lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid or pyriproxyfen.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the existing flat direct seeding, the method for constructing the red-leaf Kochia scoparia community can effectively improve the soil structure of the original weeds on the ground through ploughing, the ridging cultivation can be favorable for drainage and irrigation, the black degradable mulching film can effectively prevent and remove weeds on the ridge surface, weed among ridges can be prevented and removed through directionally spraying the herbicide, the red-leaf Kochia scoparia is not damaged, the soil is kept moist, and plants are neat and attractive, so that the purposes of removing the weeds and constructing the red-leaf Kochia scoparia community are achieved. Therefore, the method can be suitable for the development and utilization of the coastal light saline soil and the requirements of red-leaf Kochia community construction and landscape construction.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for constructing red-leaf Kochia scoparia communities on light saline soil is characterized in that slopes on two sides of a light saline soil dam of a coastal wetland in a saline city are planted, the salt content of the tested soil is 0.13% -0.16%, because the slopes are narrow, artificial cultivation is adopted after leveling and ridging are mechanically carried out, and the whole process comprises the following steps:
(1) level soil surface
The method comprises the steps of densely distributing weeds such as reed, common burreed rhizome, common thatch, common seepweed herb and chenopodium glaucum on the original ground, crushing the original weeds on the ground by using a grass crusher, filling the original ditch and depression by using an excavator, ploughing once, applying base fertilizer, applying 50-75 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, finally carrying out rotary tillage, and flattening the planting soil surface to enable the ground to form a terrain with a high side and a low side along the original slope.
(2) Ridging
Mechanical ridging is adopted, the angle between a ridge slope and the ground is about 50 degrees, the ridge height is about 25cm, the width of the bottom of a furrow is about 20cm, the width of the top of a planting ridge is about 30cm, and meanwhile, the angle between the ridge and a dam is 45 degrees, so that the planting ridge forms a ridge with a certain angle with the top of the dam.
(3) Film coating
And (3) laminating a film 3d before transplanting, selecting a black degradable mulching film with the width of 70cm, and compacting the mulching film by using soil blocks.
(4) Transplanting
Transplanting is started when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime and higher than 10 ℃ at night in the 4 months, and water is poured through furrows before transplanting. Selecting healthy Kochia scoparia seedlings with the seedling age of 30d for transplanting. During transplanting, the cultivating hoe digs a small pit on the ridge surface covered with the mulching film, seedlings are placed in the pit, the depth of the pit is suitable for the surface of the matrix to be flush with the surface of soil, then the surrounding soil is covered, a press is lightly pressed, and finally the stem base part on the mulching film is earthed up. 1 strain per hole, with the distance between the strains being 60 cm.
(5) Maintenance in the field
Watering: watering when the leaves of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia wither or the surface soil begins to turn white at noon, and irrigating and watering through furrow irrigation.
And (3) seedling supplementing: and after transplanting for 10-15 days, replanting seedlings eaten by animals and not survived, wherein the replanting method is equal to the transplanting method.
Topdressing: urea is used as a fertilizer for spot topdressing in the late 5 th month, the application amount is 15 kg/mu, foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the middle 8 th month and the last 9 th month respectively, 50kg of water is added to every 100g of monopotassium phosphate, and the water consumption is 60kg per mu of land.
Removing weeds: according to the occurrence condition of field weeds, according to the specification of a herbicide, a mixture of glyphosate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl and organosilicon is sprayed between ridges at a proper period, when the herbicide is prepared, the weeds such as cattail, reed, Sparganium vulgare, Alchemia lineate, cord grass, Suaeda glauca and Chenopodium glaucum L are removed, and the herbicide is sprayed for 3 times.
Pest control: according to the herbicide specification, the field aphids are cleared by spraying the lambda-cyhalothrin for 1 time.
Example 2
A method for constructing a red-leaf Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil is provided, the embodiment is that the light saline soil is planted on a flat land of the beach of a saline city, the salt content of the tested soil is between 0.15% and 0.20%, and due to the flat land, the mechanical land leveling and cultivation are adopted, and the whole process comprises the following steps:
(1) level soil surface
The method comprises the steps of densely distributing weeds such as reed, cattail, rhizoma sparganii, cogongrass, suaeda salsa and chenopodium glaucum on the original ground, crushing the original weeds on the ground by using a grass crusher, filling up the original ditch and depression by using an excavator, ploughing and turning over once by using a plough, applying base fertilizer with the application amount of 75kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and finally carrying out rotary tillage and flattening the planting soil surface.
(2) Digging channel
The method is characterized in that an excavator is adopted to dig drainage channels around the field, the channel width is 1.5m, the channel depth is 1m, 1 field water inlet and drainage channel is dug every 5 mu in the middle, the width is 1m, and the depth is 0.8 m.
(3) Ridging, film mulching and transplanting
And adopting a ridging, film covering and transplanting all-in-one machine to transplant when the temperature is higher than 15 ℃ in the daytime and higher than 10 ℃ at night in the 4 months. The angle between the slope of the manufactured ridge and the ground is about 60 degrees, the height of the ridge is about 20cm, the width of the bottom of a furrow is about 30cm, the width of a planting ridge surface is about 40cm, meanwhile, the ridge is perpendicular to or parallel to peripheral drainage channels, the ridge is covered with a film while ridging is performed, a black degradable mulching film is selected, the width of the mulching film is 80cm, the edge of the mulching film is compacted by soil, healthy red-leaf Kochia scoparia seedlings with the seedling age of 32d are selected for transplanting, 1 plant in each hole, and the plant spacing is 80 cm. The depth of the pits during transplanting is preferably equal to the surface of the matrix and the surface of the soil, and each plant of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia seedlings planted by the machine is watered by about 100 mL.
(5) Maintenance in the field
Watering: watering when the leaves of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia wither or the surface soil begins to turn white at noon, and irrigating and watering through furrow irrigation.
And (3) seedling supplementing: and after transplanting for 10-15 days, replanting the seedlings which are eaten by the animals and do not survive, and adopting an artificial transplanting method for replanting the seedlings.
Topdressing: urea is used as a fertilizer for spot topdressing in the first ten days of 6 months, the application amount is 12 kg/mu, foliar fertilizers are respectively sprayed in the last ten days of 8 months and the middle ten days of 9 months, 70kg of water is added into 100g of monopotassium phosphate, and the water consumption is 60kg per mu of land.
Removing weeds: according to the occurrence condition of field weeds and according to the specification of a herbicide, pesticides glyphosate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl and organic silicon are matched between ridges at a proper period, weeds such as cattail, reed, rhizoma sparganii, lalang grass rhizome, rice grass, suaeda glauca, chenopodium glaucum and the like are removed, and the herbicide is sprayed for 3 times.
Pest control: according to the herbicide specification, field aphids and green insects are eliminated by spraying lambda-cyhalothrin for 2 times.
Claims (9)
1. A method for constructing a Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), soil surface leveling: the mechanical operation is adopted, and the planting land is leveled according to the terrain, so that the planting land is convenient to fix and drain water;
step 2), digging a channel and ridging:
digging a canal: digging field head drainage channels around the flat land, wherein the width of the field head drainage channels is 1-2 m, the depth of the field head drainage channels is 0.8-1 m, and 1-2 field main water inlet drainage channels are dug every 5-10 mu in the middle of the field head drainage channels; the slope trench digging can be omitted;
ridging: the angle between the inclined plane of each ridge and the ground is 40-60 degrees, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of each furrow is 15-30 cm, the width of the top of each planting ridge is 20-40 cm, the width between every two ridges is 80-100 cm, and the angle between each ridge and the road surface or the ditch at the front of the field is 30-90 degrees, so that the planting field forms a ridge;
step 3), laminating: laminating a film 3-5 days before transplanting, selecting a black degradable mulching film with the width of 70-80 cm, and compacting the edge of the mulching film by using soil blocks;
step 4), transplanting: transplanting the red-leaf Kochia scoparia seedlings when the temperature is 15-35 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is 10-28 ℃ at night and the relative humidity of soil at the ridge top is more than 60%, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, and one row is planted in each ridge; the seedling age is 25-35 days;
step 5), field maintenance:
watering: watering when the leaves of the red-leaf Kochia scoparia wither or the surface soil begins to turn white at noon, and irrigating and watering through furrow irrigation;
and (3) seedling supplementing: after transplanting for 10-15 days, filling seedlings;
topdressing: applying additional fertilizer once in the last ten days of month 5 or the last ten days of month 6, and spraying foliar fertilizer once in each of 8 months and 9 months;
removing weeds: weeding furrows by adopting a herbicide;
pest control: and (3) spraying a pesticide to remove aphids and green insects in the field.
2. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the soil salt content of the light saline soil is 0.1-0.2%.
3. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical operation in the step 1) is as follows: the original weeds on the ground are crushed and pulverized by a grass chopper, the depression is filled by a digger, and the rotary tillage is carried out after ploughing over once.
4. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 3, wherein after ploughing once, base fertilizer is applied first, and rotary tillage is performed after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the base fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 50-75 kg.
5. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the steps 2), 3) and 4) can be mechanically operated by adopting a ridging, mulching and transplanting all-in-one machine.
6. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the spot application and topdressing in the step 5) are urea, and the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu; the foliar fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, 100g of monopotassium phosphate is mixed with 40-80 kg of water, and the water consumption for spraying per mu of land is 60 kg.
7. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the time for spraying the foliar fertilizer in the step 5) is as follows: spraying the water for the first time in the middle or the last ten days of 8 months, spraying the water for the second time in the middle or the middle ten days of 9 months, and the interval between the two times is 15-20 days.
8. The method for constructing the Kochia scoparia community on the light saline soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide in the step 5) is glyphosate or a mixture of glyphosate, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, haloxyfop-R-methyl and silicone.
9. The method for constructing a Kochia scoparia community on light saline soil according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide in the step 5) is lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid or pyriproxyfen.
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| CN105458001A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-04-06 | 南开大学 | Method for repairing lead-polychlorinated biphenyl combined pollution soil through halophytes kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. |
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Application publication date: 20210108 |