CN104080962B - 包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线 - Google Patents

包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线 Download PDF

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CN104080962B
CN104080962B CN201280068502.7A CN201280068502A CN104080962B CN 104080962 B CN104080962 B CN 104080962B CN 201280068502 A CN201280068502 A CN 201280068502A CN 104080962 B CN104080962 B CN 104080962B
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W.邦内芬
S.弗雷
A.普伦蒂斯
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Abstract

包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线，特别是用于制造机织或针织创伤敷料或其它胶凝织物结构的纱线。本发明提供包含30重量%至100重量%的形成凝胶的纤维和0重量%至70重量%的纺织纤维的共混物的纱线。还描述了制造纱线的方法，包括使用气流纺纱的那些。

Description

包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线
本发明涉及包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线，特别是用于制造机织或针织创伤敷料或其它胶凝织物结构的纱线。
已知由形成凝胶的纤维制造创伤敷料。此类纤维通常衍生自多糖，如纤维素或藻酸盐，将其化学改性以提高纤维的吸收能力和胶凝性质。
形成凝胶的纤维是脆性的，因为它们的应用仅限于简单织物结构，如使用非织造技术制成的那些。例如，将纤维梳理成非织造毡、层叠这些毡并针刺以赋予织物一定的完整性。这意味着可用形成凝胶的短纤维制造的敷料类型局限于可由非织造布制造的那些，因此它们的应用有限。例如，很难以经受拉力的形式制备包含形成凝胶的纤维的创伤敷料，因为其非织造特征意味着其在受拉时脆弱。也难以制造某些形状，例如管或袜。
因此希望能够制造包含形成凝胶的长丝或纤维的纱线，所述纱线具有充足强度以使其可通过机织或针织加工成织物。
本发明因此提供包含30重量%至100重量%的形成凝胶的纤维和0重量%至70重量%的纺织纤维的共混物的纱线。
该纱线优选包含50重量%至100重量%的形成凝胶的纤维及余量纺织纤维，最优选60重量%至100重量%的形成凝胶的纤维及余量纺织纤维。
术语纱线是指长丝或短纤维的线或束。
形成凝胶的长丝或纤维是指在吸收伤口渗出液时变湿滑（moist slippery）或凝胶状并由此降低周围纤维粘着到伤口上的倾向的吸湿长丝或纤维。形成凝胶的纤维可以是在吸收渗出液时保持其结构完整性的类型或可以是失去其纤维形式并变成无结构的凝胶的类型。形成凝胶的长丝或纤维优选是纺成的羧甲基纤维素钠纤维或长丝、化学改性的纤维素纤维或长丝、果胶纤维或长丝、藻酸盐纤维或长丝、壳聚糖纤维或长丝、透明质酸纤维或长丝、或其它多糖纤维或衍生自树胶的纤维或长丝。该纤维素纤维优选具有每葡萄糖单元至少0.05个羧甲基的取代度。形成凝胶的纤维或长丝优选具有每克纤维至少2克0.9%盐水溶液的吸收能力（如通过自由膨胀吸收能力法BS EN 13726-1:2002 Test methods forprimary wound dressings – Part 1: Aspects of absorbency, Method 3.2 freeswell absorptive capacity测得）。
形成凝胶的纤维或长丝优选具有至少10g/g的如在自由膨胀吸收能力法中测得的吸收能力，更优选15g/g至25g/g。
该纱线中存在的纤维优选具有30至60毫米，更优选40至55毫米，最优选45至55毫米的纤维定长。
纺织纤维或长丝优选具有小于10g/g的如通过自由膨胀阀测得的吸收能力，更优选小于5 g/g。该纺织长丝或纤维优选是Tencel、棉或粘胶并可包含莱卡或其它弹性纤维。
本发明的纱线优选具有至少10cN/tex，优选10至40 cN/tex，最优选16至35 cN/tex的通过British Standard ISO 2062 2009测得的干拉伸强度。
根据本发明的方法制成的纱线不需要含有纺织纤维，能够制造完全由形成凝胶的纤维组成的结构。
本发明的纱线可以以各种方式制造。首先将形成凝胶的纤维纺制以制造纺成的胶凝纱。例如，可以将形成凝胶的纤维（其是例如改性纤维素或羧甲基纤维素或藻酸盐）纺成包含形成凝胶的短纤维和纺织纤维的各种混合物的纱线。可以通过首先梳理该混合物中的纤维并由梳理过的混合物纺制来进行纺纱。其次由短纤维素纱或长丝纤维素纱开始，将纤维素纱化学转化成胶凝纱。
我们已经发现，通过气流纺纱或自由端纺纱，可以形成特别合适的纱线。在这种方法中，将形成凝胶的短纤维与纺织纤维混合并梳理以制造连续网幅。将该网幅集聚以制造梳理条子（card sliver），然后气流纺纱。在气流纺纱中，使用高速离心机将独立的纤维采集并捻成纱。由这种技术制成的纱线具有拉伸强度足以令它们用针织或机织机进一步加工的特征。
本发明的另一实施方案提供制造包含形成凝胶的纤维的纱线的方法，其包括步骤：
将形成凝胶的短纤维任选与纺织纤维混合；
梳理以形成连续网幅；
拉伸该网幅以制造条子，和
气流纺纱以制造纱线。
该纺成纱中存在的纤维优选具有30至60毫米，更优选40至55毫米，最优选45至55毫米的纤维长度（staple length）。
根据这种方法制成的纱线不需要含有纺织纤维，能够制造由形成凝胶的纤维制成的结构。
或者，可以使用由天然纤维素纤维或溶纺纤维素短纤维或纤维素纤维和其它纺织纤维的混合物构成的纺成纱或使用溶纺纤维素的长丝纱（其随后转化以将该纱线化学改性以产生胶凝性质）制造胶凝纱。例如，可以使用Lyocell纱作为原材料并在煮布锅工艺（kierprocess）中转化以赋予纱线形成凝胶的性质。
在WO 00/01425中描述了转化纱线或织物的优选方法。例如，该纱线或织物可以通过在65℃下将反应流体泵送通过反应器并因此纤维素材料90分钟而羧甲基化。该反应流体是碱（通常氢氧化钠）和单氯乙酸钠在工业变性醇中的溶液。在反应时间后，用酸中和该反应并洗涤，然后在实验室烘箱中在40℃下干燥1小时。
在下列附图中图解本发明，其中：
图1显示给出本发明的许多纱线的纱线拉伸强度数据的图；
图2显示实施例3的表1，其给出本发明的许多纱线的流体处理数据；
图3.1显示许多纱线的流体处理 vs 纱线纤维含量的图；
图3.2显示许多纱线的流体留持（fluid retention） vs 纱线纤维含量的图；
图3.3显示许多纱线的拉伸强度 vs 纱线纤维含量的图；
图4显示实施例3的表2，其给出本发明的许多纱线的拉伸强度数据；且
图5显示表3，其给出本发明的许多纱线的干和水合纱线（hydrated yarn）的螺旋角和图像。
现在通过下列实施例例示本发明。
实施例1 –由形成凝胶的短纤维纺纱
通过在Trutzschler梳棉机（cotton card）上梳理并将所得条子以650转/米纺纱，制造50:50、60:40和70:30 CMC:Lyocell混纺的Lyocell纤维和羧甲基纤维素短纤维。
实施例2 - 将纺织纱转化成胶凝纱
在实验室中使用微型煮布锅转化纱线。在两个试验中，都转化短纤和长丝lyocell纱。用于转化的纱线是短纤维33 Tex Tencel®；HF-2011/090；和20 Tex长丝lyocell批次HF-2011/051（试验1）和HF-2011/125（试验2）。Tencel®是Lenzing拥有的lyocell注册商标，所用Tencel®纱是纺成的短纤纱。长丝lyocell由Acelon chemicals和FiberCorporation (Taiwan)通过Offtree Ltd.供应。
转化纱线的优点在于有可能在一个相对简单的过程中转化整筒（cones）纱线，并避免加工胶凝纤维，由此降低所需加工步骤数和对纤维的损伤。
试验1 – 纱线围绕煮布锅芯（Kier Core）包裹
在这一试验中，使用电钻使芯旋转并从卷装中高速（for speed）拉出纱线，使Tencel®纱紧裹在煮布锅的多孔芯周围。这意味着纱线在拉力下紧裹在芯周围。
通过WO 00/01425中所述的方法转化纱线，其中通过在65℃下将流体泵送通过煮布锅并因此纤维素材料90分钟，进行羧甲基化。该反应流体是碱（通常氢氧化钠）和单氯乙酸钠在工业变性醇中的溶液。在反应时间后，用酸中和该反应并洗涤，然后在实验室烘箱中在40℃下干燥1小时。
转化成功，并制成短纤和长丝胶凝纱；分别是HF-2011/103和HF-2011/105。由于短纤纱紧密和不均匀包裹在芯周围，其必须用刀片取下，这留下许多短长度的（大约14厘米）的转化纱。
试验2 - 小纱线绞（hank）
第二个试验的目标是制造更长长度的受试转化纱，因此由各短纤和长丝lyocell纱手动制造小绞并将这些置于用于该转化的织物层之间。
通过将这些绞置于煮布锅中并如上文对试验1中所述转化以形成形成凝胶的纤维纱，转化纱线。
转化成功，并制成短纤和长丝胶凝纱；分别是HF-2011/146和HF-2011/147。
纱线概要
来自实施例1和2的结果
测试除HF-2011/051外的所有纱线的湿和干拉伸强度。改编标准方法BS EN ISO2062:2009；“Textiles – Yarns from packages: Determination of single-endbreaking force and elongation at break using constant rate of extension (CRE)tester”。使用标距100毫米的Zwick拉伸试验机。该试验使用100N或20N测力计对纱线施加恒速拉伸直至达到断裂点。通过用0.2毫升溶液A在各纱线的中间3至4厘米润湿样品并保持1分钟，进行湿拉伸试验。然后将润湿的样品置于Zwick的卡爪中并夹紧。由于制成的纱线需要足够强以承受针织、机织和刺绣过程中施加的拉力和力，测试拉伸强度。
拉伸强度
结果显示在图1中。所有纱线在干时都比湿时强韧，HF-2011/108——70:30胶凝纱，表现出最大的成比例的强度降低。
在受试纱线中，尽管含有30% lyocell纤维，HF-2011/108在湿和干时都是最弱的纱线，拉伸强度分别为12.4和3.4cN/Tex。尽管这是最弱的纱线，但其成功地纬编；HF-2011/120和机织；HF-2011/169制成织物，据信，所有其它纱线也都足够强到转化成织物。
这两种方法都成功地制成胶凝纱。
对于转化纱，短纤纱和长丝纱的表现相当，100% CMC纱的加捻材料没有表现出在流体处理和强度方面的优势或劣势。
实施例3
使用自由端纺纱技术用50毫米纤维长度的CMC纤维制造纱线。CMC已经与Tencel纤维共混以助于该纺纱过程。
HF-2011/088 – 60%CMC 40% Tencel
HF-2011/108 – 70% CMC 30% Tencel
HF-2012/080 – 80% CMC 20% Tencel。
流体处理
使用TD-0187 ‘Liquid handling of dressings using direct immersiontechnique’的修改版本测试纱线的流体处理能力。每次重复时使用3米纱线，并包裹在7.5厘米的圆柱体周围以提供恒定捻数。将样品在10毫升溶液A中浸渍30分钟，然后沥干30秒，并测量它们的水合重量。通过对样品施加真空1分钟并测量最终样品重量，评估留住的流体量。
拉伸强度
使用Zwick Universal Testing Machine (UTM)测量纱线的拉伸强度。使用20N测力计以100mm/min的试验速度和100毫米标距测试样品。对于湿强度，在使用相同机器设置测试之前，纱线用0.1毫升溶液A水合。
显微术
使用光学显微镜在湿和干状态下目测评估纱线。也测量螺旋角。
结果
流体处理
如表1（图2）和图3.1和3.2中所示，提高的CMC含量的量导致纱线的留持力提高。在CMC含量从60%提高至70%时，吸收能力略微降低，但留持力改进。
为了制造具有与0.18g/cm2(2)的Aquacel®相当的吸收能力的织物，理论上应由80% CMC纱形成256gsm的织物。与此相比，Aquacel®具有119gsm(2)的每单位面积重量。
拉伸强度
如图3.3中所示，纱线内提高的CMC含量还造成拉伸强度降低。但是，在80% CMC含量下仍能实现令人满意的湿强度，各纱线提供超过在纵向上的每厘米宽度的Aquacel®敷料强度两倍的强度（0.61N/纱线束，与此相比Aquacel®(2)为0.21N/cm）且在横向上与每厘米宽度的敷料强度几乎相等（0.61N/纱线束，与此相比Aquacel®(2)为0.66N/cm）。HF-2012/088和HF-20122/108都成功针织，因此这些纱线的断裂强度高到足以承受针织过程中的拉力。HF-2012/108也使用纱罗结构机织；尽管出现一些问题，表明机织需要更高的断裂强度；图3.3和4（表2）显示拉伸强度数据。
显微术
在视觉上，纱线在水合时胶凝并膨胀。随着纤维膨胀，捻的螺旋角提高，这显示在表3（图5）中，这归因于提高的纱线厚度。在这一放大率下可看见一些非胶凝纤维。
捻系数
纱线的捻系数决定纱线特征，并取决于纱线的线性密度和捻度水平。由于捻回角和由其产生的性质会随捻度水平和纱线厚度而变，捻系数将不同线性密度的纱线规格化以便可以比较它们的捻度性质。表4概括用于许多最终用途的棉纱所用的捻系数。
表4: 棉纱中最常用的捻系数(3)
纱线用途 Tex 支数捻系数(Kt)
软针织品 2400-2900
纬纱 2900-3400
经纱 3900-4300
经纱/特强纱 5300-6300
Crisp 6800-8700
HF-2012/08具有580捻回/米（由制造商提供）的捻度。由此可以使用公式7计算捻系数
(公式7)
其中
Kt是捻系数（使用tex支数）
Tex是以tex计的纱线的线性密度
tpm是以捻回/米计的捻度水平
HF-2012/080- = 4101.
这表明该纱线处于对于其强度而言最佳的捻度。

Claims (9)

1.包含50重量％至100重量％的形成凝胶的纤维和0重量％至50重量％的纺织纤维的共混物的纱线，其中所述纤维经气流纺纱以制造所述纱线，所述纱线具有至少10cN/tex的干拉伸强度，并且所述纱线能够通过针织被转化为包含至少50重量％的形成凝胶的纤维的织物。
2.如权利要求1中所述的纱线，其中所述形成凝胶的纤维的纤维长度为30至60毫米。
3.制造织物结构的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将形成凝胶的短纤维任选与纺织纤维混合；
梳理以形成连续网幅；
拉伸所述网幅以制造条子；
气流纺纱以制造包含50重量％至100重量％的形成凝胶的纤维的纱线，其中所述纱线具有至少10cN/tex的干拉伸强度；和
针织或机织所述纱线以制备所述织物结构。
4.制造织物结构的方法，其包括以下步骤
(i)获得纤维素长丝或短纤维的纱线；
(ii)化学改性所述纱线以赋予该纱线形成凝胶的性质，其中化学改性的纱线包含50重量％至100重量％的形成凝胶的纤维，且具有至少10cN/tex的干拉伸强度；和
(iii)针织或机织所述化学改性的纱线以制备所述织物结构。
5.如权利要求4中所述的方法，其中所述化学改性是使用包含碱和单氯乙酸盐在有机溶剂中的溶液的反应流体的羧甲基化。
6.如前述权利要求任一项中所述的纱线，其中所述形成凝胶的纤维是多糖纤维、化学改性的纤维素纤维、果胶纤维、藻酸盐纤维、壳聚糖纤维、透明质酸纤维或衍生自树胶的纤维。
7.如权利要求6中所述的纱线，其中所述形成凝胶的纤维是化学改性的纤维素纤维。
8.如权利要求3中所述的制造织物结构的方法，其中所述形成凝胶的纤维是多糖纤维、化学改性的纤维素纤维、果胶纤维、藻酸盐纤维、壳聚糖纤维、透明质酸纤维或衍生自树胶的纤维。
9.如权利要求3中所述的制造织物结构的方法，其中所述形成凝胶的纤维是改性的形成凝胶的纤维。
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