NZ723782B2 - A yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or fibres - Google Patents
A yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or fibres Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ723782B2 NZ723782B2 NZ723782A NZ72378212A NZ723782B2 NZ 723782 B2 NZ723782 B2 NZ 723782B2 NZ 723782 A NZ723782 A NZ 723782A NZ 72378212 A NZ72378212 A NZ 72378212A NZ 723782 B2 NZ723782 B2 NZ 723782B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- yarn
- gel
- forming
- yarns
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- MAKUBRYLFHZREJ-JWBQXVCJSA-M sodium;(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)N[C@@H]1C[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O MAKUBRYLFHZREJ-JWBQXVCJSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SOGXBRHOWDEKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SOGXBRHOWDEKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 21
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007383 open-end spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000000416 Exudates and Transudates Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001847 Jaw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000863032 Trieres Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004301 light adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/00004—Non-adhesive dressings
- A61F13/00008—Non-adhesive dressings characterized by the material
- A61F13/00012—Non-adhesive dressings characterized by the material being made of natural material, e.g. cellulose-, protein-, collagen-based
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/00004—Non-adhesive dressings
- A61F13/00021—Non-adhesive dressings characterized by the structure of the dressing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/00051—Accessories for dressings
- A61F13/00063—Accessories for dressings comprising medicaments or additives, e.g. odor control, PH control, debriding, antimicrobic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/00051—Accessories for dressings
- A61F13/00068—Accessories for dressings specially adapted for application or removal of fluid, e.g. irrigation or drainage of wounds, under-pressure wound-therapy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/02—Adhesive plasters or dressings
- A61F13/0203—Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member
- A61F13/0206—Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member the fluid handling member being absorbent fibrous layer, e.g. woven or nonwoven absorbent pad, island dressings
- A61F13/0209—Adhesive plasters or dressings having a fluid handling member the fluid handling member being absorbent fibrous layer, e.g. woven or nonwoven absorbent pad, island dressings comprising superabsorbent material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/0017—Wound bandages possibility of applying fluid
- A61F2013/00174—Wound bandages possibility of applying fluid possibility of applying pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/00217—Wound bandages not adhering to the wound
- A61F2013/00229—Wound bandages not adhering to the wound with alginate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00089—Wound bandages
- A61F2013/00238—Wound bandages characterised by way of knitting or weaving
- A61F2013/00242—Wound bandages characterised by way of knitting or weaving to avoiding fraying or pilling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00365—Plasters use
- A61F2013/00536—Plasters use for draining or irrigating wounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00365—Plasters use
- A61F2013/0054—Plasters use for deep wounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/425—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01G—PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
- D01G15/00—Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H4/00—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques
- D01H4/04—Open-end spinning machines or arrangements for imparting twist to independently moving fibres separated from slivers; Piecing arrangements therefor; Covering endless core threads with fibres by open-end spinning techniques imparting twist by contact of fibres with a running surface
- D01H4/08—Rotor spinning, i.e. the running surface being provided by a rotor
- D01H4/10—Rotors
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/448—Yarns or threads for use in medical applications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/10—Open-work fabrics
- D04B21/12—Open-work fabrics characterised by thread material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B9/00—Solvent-treatment of textile materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/207—Substituted carboxylic acids, e.g. by hydroxy or keto groups; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/21—Halogenated carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
- D06M23/10—Processes in which the treating agent is dissolved or dispersed in organic solvents; Processes for the recovery of organic solvents thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2509/00—Medical; Hygiene
- D10B2509/02—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- D10B2509/022—Wound dressings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
- Y10T428/2975—Tubular or cellular
Abstract
process for making a fabric structure, the process comprising the steps of: (i) obtaining a yarn of cellulosic filaments or fibres; (ii) chemically modifying the yarn to give the yarn gel forming properties; and (iii) knitting or weaving the chemically modified yarn to produce the fabric structure. The chemically modified yarn comprises from 50% to 100% by weight gel-forming fibres, and has a dry tensile strength of at least 10 cN/tex. . The chemically modified yarn comprises from 50% to 100% by weight gel-forming fibres, and has a dry tensile strength of at least 10 cN/tex.
Description
A YARN COMPRISING GEL-FORMING FILAMENTS OR FIBRES
The present application is a divisional application of New Zealand Patent Application No.
626695, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
This invention relates to a yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or fibres and particularly one
used to make a woven or knitted wound dressing or other gelling fabric structure.
It is known to make wound dressings from gel forming fibres. Typically such fibres are
derived from a polysaccharide such as cellulose or alginate which is chemically modified in
order to enhance the absorbency and gelling properties of the fibre.
Gel-forming fibres tend to be fragile and because of this their use has been confined to simple
fabric structures such as those made using non woven techniques. For instance carding fibres
into a non woven felt, layering the felts and needle punching to give a fabric with some
integrity. This means that the variety of dressing types that can be made with staple gel
forming fibres is restricted to those that can be made from non woven fabrics and thus their
use is limited. For instance, it is difficult to prepare a wound dressing comprising gel forming
fibres in a format that is to be subjected to tension as its non woven character means that it is
weak in tension. It is also difficult to make certain shapes, for instance tubes or socks.
It would therefore be desirable to be able to make a yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or
fibres, the yarn having sufficient strength that it can be processed into fabrics by weaving or
knitting.
A reference herein to a patent document or any other matter identified as prior art, is not to be
taken as an admission that the document or other matter was known or that the information it
contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the
claims.
Where any or all of the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used
in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence
of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or
more other features, integers, steps or components.
A yarn comprising a blend of from 30% to 100% by weight of gel-forming fibres and 0% to
70% by weight of textile fibres is described herein.
Preferably the yarns comprise from 50% to 100% by weight of gel-forming fibres with the
balance of textile fibres and most preferably from 60% to 100% by weight of gel-forming
fibres with the balance of textile fibres.
By the term yarn is meant a thread or strand of continuous filament or staple fibres.
By gel forming filaments or fibres is meant hygroscopic filaments or fibres which upon the
uptake of wound exudate become moist slippery or gelatinous and thus reduce the tendency
for the surrounding fibres to adhere to the wound. The gel forming fibres can be of the type
which retain their structural integrity on absorption of exudate or can be of the type which lose
their fibrous form and become a structureless gel. The gel forming filaments or fibres are
preferably spun sodium carboxymethylcellulose fibres or filaments, chemically modified
cellulosic fibres or filaments, pectin fibres or filaments, alginate fibres or filaments, chitosan
fibres or filaments, hyaluronic acid fibres or filaments, or other polysaccharide fibres or fibres
or filaments derived from gums. The cellulosic fibres preferably have a degree of substitution
of at least 0.05 carboxymethyl groups per glucose unit. The gel forming fibres or filaments
preferably have an absorbency of at least 2 grams 0.9% saline solution per gram of fibre (as
measured by the free swell absorbency method BS EN 13726-1:2002 Test methods for
primary wound dressings – Part 1 : Aspects of absorbency, Method 3.2 free swell absorptive
capacity).
Preferably the gel forming fibres or filaments have an absorbency of at least log/g as measured
in the free swell absorbency method, more preferably between 15g/g and 25g/g.
The fibres present in the yarn preferably have a staple length of 30 to 60mm, more preferably
40 to 55mm and most preferably 45 to 55mm.
Preferably the textile fibres or filaments have an absorbency of less than 10g/g as measured by
the free swell method and more preferably less than 5 g/g. Preferably the textile or filaments
fibres are Tencel, cotton or viscose and may comprise lycra or other elastic fibre.
The yarns as described herein preferably have a dry tensile strength of at least 10cN/tex,
preferably from 10 to 40 cN/tex and most preferably from 16 to 35 cN/tex as measured by
British Standard ISO 2062 2009.
A yarn made according to the processes as described herein need not contain textile fibres
enabling structures to be produced which consist wholly of gel-forming fibres.
The yarn as described herein can be made in various ways. The first is to spin gel-forming
fibres to produce a spun gelling yarn. For example gel forming fibres which are for instance
modified cellulose, or carboxymethyl cellulose or alginate can be spun into yarns comprising
various blends of gel-forming staple fibres and textile fibres. The spinning may be done by
first carding the fibres in the blend and spinning a yarn from the carded blend. The second is
to chemically convert a cellulosic yarn to a gelling yarn either by starting with a spun
cellulosic yarn or a filament cellulosic yarn.
We have found that particularly suitable yarns can be formed by rotor spinning or open end
spinning. In such a process, staple gel-forming fibres are blended with textile fibres and
carded to produce a continuous web. The web is condensed to produce a card sliver and then
rotor spun. In rotor spinning, a high speed centrifuge is used to collect and twist individual
fibres into a yarn. The yarns produced from this technique have the characteristics of a
sufficient tensile strength to enable them to be further processed using knitting or weaving
machinery.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for making a fabric structure, the
process comprising the steps of:
(i) obtaining a yarn of cellulosic filaments or fibres;
(ii) chemically modifying the yarn to give the yarn gel forming properties,
wherein the chemically modified yarn comprises from 50% to 100% by weight gel-forming
fibres, and has a dry tensile strength of at least 10 cN/tex; and
(iii) knitting or weaving the chemically modified yarn to produce the fabric structure.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a fabric structure made according to the
process described herein.
- 3a -
A process for making a yarn comprising gel-forming fibres is also described herein. The
process comprises the steps of:
blending staple gel-forming fibres optionally with textile fibres;
carding to form a continuous web;
drawing the web to produce a sliver and
rotor spinning to produce a yarn.
The fibres present in the spun yarn preferably have a staple length of 30 to 60mm, more
preferably 40 to 55mm and most preferably 45 to 55mm.
A yarn made according to this process need not contain textile fibres enabling structures to be
produced which consist of gel-forming fibres.
Alternatively a gelling yarn can be produced using a spun yarn consisting of natural cellulose
fibres or solvent spun cellulose staple fibres or a blend of cellulose fibres and other textile
fibres or by using a filament yarn of solvent spun cellulose which is then converted to
chemically modify the yarns to produce gelling properties. For example, Lyocell yarns can be
used as a starting material and converted in a kier process to impart gel- forming behaviour to
the yarn.
A preferred method of converting the yarns or fabrics is described in WO 00/01425. For
example the yarns or fabrics can be carboxymethylated by pumping a reaction fluid through
the reaction vessel and therefore the cellulosic materials at 65°C for 90 minutes. The reaction
fluid is a solution of an alkali (typically sodium hydroxide) and sodium monochloroacetate in
industrial denatured alcohol. After the reaction time, the reaction is neutralised with acid and
washed before being dried in a laboratory oven for 1 hour at 40°C.
The invention is illustrated in the following drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a graph giving yarn tensile strength data for a number of yarns of the
invention;
Figure 2 shows Table 1 of Example 3 giving fluid handling data for a number of yarns of the
invention;
Figure 3.1 shows a graph of fluid management against yarn fibre content for a number of
yarns;
Figure 3.2 shows a graph of fluid retention against yarn fibre content for a number of yarns;
Figure 3.3 shows a graph of tensile strength against yarn fibre content for a number of yarns;
Figure 4 shows Table 2 of Example 3 giving tensile strength data for a number of yarns of the
invention; and
Figure 5 shows Table 3 which gives the helix angle and images of both dry and hydrated yarns
for a number of yarns of the invention.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1 – Spinning Yarn from staple gel-forming fibres
Lyocell fibres and carboxymethyl cellulose staple fibres in blends of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30
CMC:Lyocell were made by carding on a Trutzschler cotton card and spinning the resulting
sliver at a twist of 650 turns/meter.
Example 2 - Converting a textile yarn to a gel-forming yarn
Yarns were converted in the laboratory using a mini trier. In both trials, staple and filament
lyocell yarns were converted. The yarns used for the conversion were staple 33 Tex Tencel®;
HF-2011/090; and 20 Tex filament lyocell batches HF-2011/051 (trial 1) and HF-2011/125
(trial 2). Tencel® is a Lenzing owned, trademarked brand of lyocell and the Tencel® yarn
used was a spun staple yarn. The filament lyocell was supplied by Acelon chemicals and
Fiber Corporation (Taiwan) via Offtree Ltd.
The advantages of converting a yarn are that complete cones of yarn could potentially be
converted in one relatively simple process, and the processing of gelling fibres is avoided, thus
reducing the number of processing steps required and damage to the fibres.
Trial 1 – Yarn Wrapped Around Kier Core
In this trial, Tencel® yarn was tightly wrapped around the perforated core of the kier using an
electric drill to rotate the core and pull the yarn from the packages for speed. This meant that
the yarn was wrapped tightly around the core under tension.
The yarn was converted by a process as described in WO 00/01425 in which
carboxymethylation was carried out by pumping fluid through the kier and therefore the
cellulosic materials at 65C for 90 minutes. The reaction fluid was a solution of an alkali
(typically sodium hydroxide) and sodium monochloroacetate in industrial denatured alcohol.
After the reaction time, the reaction was neutralised with acid and washed before being dried
in a laboratory oven for 1 hour at 40 C.
The conversion was successful and both staple and filament gelling yarns were produced; HF-
2011/103 and HF-2011/105 respectively. Due to the tight and uneven wrapping of the staple
yarn around the core, it had to be removed using a scalpel which left multiple short lengths
(approximately 14cm) of the converted yarn.
Trial 2 - Small Yarn Hanks
The aim of the second trial was to produce longer lengths of converted yarns for testing hence
a small hank was made of each the staple and filament lyocell yarns by hand and these were
placed between layers of fabric for the conversion.
The yarn was converted by placing the hanks in a kier and converting to form a gel-forming
fibre yarn as described above for Trial 1.
The conversion was successful and both staple and filament gelling yarns were produced; HF-
2011/146 and HF-2011/147 respectively.
Yarn Summary
Sample HF#
Gelling Yarns 50:50 Spun staple gelling yarn HF-2011/001
60:40 Spun staple gelling yarn HF-2011/088
70:30 Spun staple gelling yarn HF-2011/108
Converted staple yarn (trial 1) HF-2011/103
Converted filament yarn (trial 1) HF-2011/105
Converted staple yarn (trial 2) HF-2011/146
Converted filament yarn (trial 2) HF-2011/147
Non-Gelling Yarns Staple Tencel® HF-2011/090
Filament lyocell (sample) HF-2011/051
Filament lyocell (bulk) HF-2011/125
Results from Examples 1 and 2
With the exception of HF-2011/051, all of the yarns were tested for wet and dry tensile
strength. Adaptations were made to the standard method BS EN ISO 2062:2009; “Textiles –
Yarns from packages: Determination of single-end breaking force and elongation at break
using constant rate of extension (CRE) tester”. A Zwick tensile testing machine was used with
a gauge length of 100mm. The test uses a 100N or 20N liad cell to exert a constant rate of
extension on the yarn until the breaking point is reached. Wet tensile testing was measured by
wetting the samples with 0.2ml of solution A in the central 3 to 4cm of each yarn and leaving
for 1 minute. The wetted sample was then placed in the jaws of the Zwick and clamped shut.
Tensile strength was tested as the yarns produced need to be strong enough to withstand the
tensions and forces applied during knitting, weaving and embroidery.
Tensile Strength
The results are shown in Figure 1. All of the yarns were stronger when they were dry than
when they were wet, with HF-2011/108, the 70:30 gelling yarn, showing the largest
proportional strength decrease.
Of the yarns tested, HF-2011/108 was the weakest yarn both when wet and dry with tensile
strengths of 12.4 and 3.4cN/Tex respectively, despite containing 30% lyocell fibres. Although
this was the weakest yarn, it was successfully weft knitted; HF-2011/120 and woven; HF-
2011/169 into fabrics, it is believed that all of the other yarns would also be strong enough to
be converted into fabrics.
Both approaches successfully produced gelling yarns.
For converted yarns, the spun and filament yarns behaved equivalently showing no advantage
or disadvantage to having a twisted material in terms of fluid handling and strength of an
100% CMC yarn.
Example 3
Yarns have been produced using open end spinning technology utilising 50mm staple length
CMC fibre. CMC has been blended with Tencel fibres in order to help the spinning process.
HF-2011/088 – 60%CMC 40% Tencel
HF-2011/108 – 70% CMC 30% Tencel
HF-2012/080 – 80% CMC 20% Tencel
Fluid Handling
The yarns were tested for their fluid handling capabilities using a modified version of TD-
0187 ‘Liquid handling of dressings using direct immersion technique’. 3m of yarn was used
for each repeat and wrapped around a cylinder of 7.5cm to give a constant number of twists.
Samples were immersed in 10ml of solution A for 30 minutes before being drained for 30
seconds and their hydrated weight measured. The amount of fluid retained was assessed by
applying a vacuum to the sample for 1 minute and the final sample weight measured.
Tensile Strength
Tensile strength of the yarn was measured using the Zwick Universal Testing Machine
(UTM). Samples were tested using a 20N load cell with a test speed of 100mm/min and gauge
of 100mm. For wet strength, yarns were hydrated with 0.1ml of solution A, prior to testing
using the same machine settings.
Microscopy
Yarns were visually assessed using an optical microscope in a wet and dry state. The helix
angle was also measured.
Results
Fluid Handling
An increased amount of CMC content caused an increase in the retention of the yarns, as
shown in Table 1 (Figure 2) and Figure 3.1 and 3.2. There was a slight drop in absorbency
when increasing the CMC content from 60% to 70% however the retention was improved.
In order to produce a fabric that has a comparative absorbency to Aquacel® of 0.18g/cm2(2),
theoretically a fabric of 256gsm should be formed from the 80% CMC yarn. In comparison
Aquacel® has a weight per unit area of 119gsm(2).
Tensile Strength
Increased CMC content within the yarn also caused a decrease in the tensile strength shown in
Figure 3.3. However a satisfactory wet strength was still able to be achieved at 80% CMC
content, with individual yarns providing more than double the strength of Aquacel® dressing
per cm width in the machine direction (0.61N/strand of yarn in comparison to 0.21N/cm
Aquacel®(2)), and almost equalling the dressing strength per cm width in the transverse
direction (0.61N/strand of yarn in comparison to 0.66N/cm Aquacel®(2)). HF-2012/088 and
HF-20122/108 have both been knitted successfully, and therefore the breaking strengths of
these yarns are high enough to withstand tensions within the knitting process. HF-2012/108
was also woven using a leno structure; although some problems occurred suggesting a higher
breaking strength is required for weaving. Figures 3.3 and 4 (Table 2) show the tensile
strength data.
Microscopy
Visually the yarns gelled and swelled when hydrated. As the fibres swelled the helix angle of
the twist increased, shown in Table 3 (Figure 5), this is due to the increased yarn thickness.
Some non gelling fibres are visible at this magnification.
Twist Factor
The twist factor of a yarn determines the yarn characteristics, and is dependent on the linear
density of the yarn and the twist level. Since the twist angle, and properties resulting from this
will vary depending upon the twist level and the yarn thickness the twist factor normalises
yarns of different linear densities so that their twist properties can be compared. Table 4
outlines the twist factors used for cotton yarns for a number of end processes.
Table 4: Twist Factors most commonly used in cotton yarns
Yarn Application Tex Count Twist Factor (K )
Soft Knitwear 2400-2900
Weft Yarn 2900-3400
Warp Yarn 3900-4300
Warp/Extra Strong Yarn 5300-6300
Crisp 6800-8700
HF-2012/080 has a twist level of 580 turns/metre (given by the manufacturer). From this the
twist factor can be calculated using the equation 7.
K tex tpm
(equation 7)
Where
K is the twist factor (using tex count)
Tex is the linear density of the yarn in tex
tpm is the twist level in turns per metre.
HF-2012/080 - K 50 580 = 4101.
This shows that the yarn is at its optimum twist for its strength.
Claims (6)
1. A process for making a fabric structure, the process comprising the steps of: (i) obtaining a yarn of cellulosic filaments or fibres; (ii) chemically modifying the yarn to give the yarn gel forming properties, wherein the chemically modified yarn comprises from 50% to 100% by weight gel-forming fibres, and has a dry tensile strength of at least 10 cN/tex; and (iii) knitting or weaving the chemically modified yarn to produce the fabric structure.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical modification is carboxymethylation using a reaction fluid comprising a solution of an alkali and monochloroacetate in an organic solvent.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the gel-forming fibres are polysaccharide fibres, chemically modified cellulosic fibres, pectin fibres, alginate fibres, chitosan fibres, hyaluronic acid fibres or fibres derived from gums.
4. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the gel-forming fibres are modified gel forming fibres.
5. A process as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the chemically modified yarn comprises from 60% to 100% by weight gel-forming fibres.
6. A fabric structure made according to the process of any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB1120693.5A GB201120693D0 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2011-12-01 | Wound dressing for use in vacuum therapy |
GB1120693.5 | 2011-12-01 | ||
NZ626695A NZ626695B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2012-11-29 | A yarn comprising gel-forming filaments or fibres |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ723782A NZ723782A (en) | 2017-11-24 |
NZ723782B2 true NZ723782B2 (en) | 2018-02-27 |
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