CN104044807A - 具有子片层的内封件 - Google Patents
具有子片层的内封件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104044807A CN104044807A CN201410208166.2A CN201410208166A CN104044807A CN 104044807 A CN104044807 A CN 104044807A CN 201410208166 A CN201410208166 A CN 201410208166A CN 104044807 A CN104044807 A CN 104044807A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- sealing
- approximately
- top surface
- seal portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B65D53/00—Sealing or packing elements; Sealings formed by liquid or plastics material
- B65D53/04—Discs
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- B65D55/02—Locking devices; Means for discouraging or indicating unauthorised opening or removal of closure
- B65D55/06—Deformable or tearable wires, strings, or strips; Use of seals, e.g. destructible locking pins
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- Y10T428/1486—Ornamental, decorative, pattern, or indicia
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- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T428/24752—Laterally noncoextensive components
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于容器的拉片式密封件,其包括上层压片,该上层压片形成结合于下层压片的拉片,下层压片能被热封于容器的嘴部或开口。上层压片限定了整体位于封件周缘或周边内的拉片。密封件进一步包括位于抓持片下部的用于结构支撑的子片层或部件。
Description
技术领域
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求美国临时申请号为US61/791,788,申请日为2013年3月15日的专利申请的权益,其通过引用被整体包含在这里。
本发明涉及—种用于密封容器口部的拉片式密封件,尤其是涉及一种包括与拉片下部的子片层一起形成的拉片的拉片式密封件。
背景技术
通常需要用可取下或可剥离的封件、密封件或内封件来密封容器开口。通常盖子或其他封闭部件被旋拧或放置在拥有密封件的容器开口。在使用中,消费者通常取下盖子或其他封闭部件,从而能够接触密封件并将封件从容器取下或以其他方式剥离,以便分配或接触其内容物。
密封容器口的最初尝试包括封闭容器口部的感应-或传导型的内封件,其中所述封件通常符合开口形状,这样的环形容器口使用与容器口尺寸大致相同的圆盘密封。这些早期的封件通常具有将封件的边缘固定到环绕容器口的上表面或边缘上的下部热活化密封层。当将封件暴露在热量下时,下部层粘接在容器边缘。在很多情况下,这些封件包括能形成感应热量,以便活化下部热封层的箔层。这些现有的封件能提供更好的密封,但是对于消费者来说通常很难取下,因为对于消费者来说其上没有任何东西能抓住以便取下封件。通常,由于没有或有很少的密封材料可以抓住,因此消费者需要用指甲捏住剥件边缘。
用于容器的其他类型的封件包括从封件周缘向外延伸的侧片或其他凸缘。这些侧片通常没有固定在容器边缘上,并且提供消费者可抓住并揭开封件的抓持表面。
然而,这些侧片越过容器边缘的侧边延伸并通常伸入到封闭部件的螺旋部分。如果侧片太大,那么这种构型会给形成良好热封的封件的能力带来负面影响。当封闭部件或其他盖子被放置在容器上时,由于封件的片部和封闭部件(和其螺纹部分)之间的接触,侧片(通常为封件本身)会变形和收缩。为了减少这些问题,侧片通常非常小,因此为消费者抓住以便取下封件提供了很小的表面区域和材料。
另外,其他类型的封件包括具有限定在封件顶部的拉片的密封件。这些现有封件的—种方式包括涂覆有压力感应粘合剂的部分层,以便将拉片固定到金属箔层。拉片由横跨密封件整个表面延伸的整体层形成,但是整体层仅粘接于密封件的一半以便形成拉片。这种类型的顶片型密封件提供了大拉片的优点,其为消费者抓住并揭开封件提供了更多的抓持区域,但是需要整个附加层材料以便形成拉片。在其他方式中,封件可包括由与附加的整层粘合剂结合的附加的整层膜利用部分纸或部分聚合物层形成的拉片,称为拉片料,以形成拉片。这部分层被嵌入附加的整层粘合剂和下密封部之间,以阻止片粘接到下面的层,其形成拉片。在顶部拉片式封件的所有现有技术类型中,抓持片由穿过封件的整个表面延申的一整层材料(或一整层材料和一整层粘合剂)形成。
附图说明
图1为拉片式密封件的实施例的透视图;
图2为另一个密封件实施例的截面图;
图3为另一个密封件实施例的分解透视图;
图4为密封件另一个实施例的截面图;
图5为密封件另一个实施例的分解透视图;
图6为密封件另一个实施例的截面图;
图7为通过蜡或其他释放层临时粘接于衬垫的另一个密封件实施例的截面图;
图8和图9为拉片式密封件实施例的俯视图;
图10为拉片式密封件的另一个实施例的截面图;和
图11为拉片式密封件的另一个实施例的截面图;
发明内容
这里描述的用于容器的拉片式密封件包括上层压片,该上层压片形成了粘接于可被热封于容器口部或开口的下层压片的拉片。上层压片在整个封件的圆周或周长范围内限定拉片。密封件包括位于拉片下部并粘接于下层压片,但不与拉片自身粘接的子片层。所述子片层增加了结构支撑,以便使密封件和拉片稳定,从而有助于减少折叠、起皱、弄皱等类似情况。子片层可与拉片共同延伸或者略微越过拉片延伸,但是不延伸至封件的整个宽度或整个表面区域。例如,子片层可与拉片料共同延伸或者与整个上层压片共同延伸,或者根据需要可以是小于整个密封件的其他尺寸。所述子片层在具有相对薄的下层压片(如3密耳或更薄)的封件中具有特别的优点,但是可用于需要具有拉片的结构支撑的很多封件中。子片层也有助于提供密封件的同心稳定性。
在一些方式中并且与现有的封件相反,上层压片不在密封件的整个宽度上延伸以便限定抓持片。这里的拉片式密封件结合了具有在封件的外周内完全限定的大的抓持片的拉片式密封件的优点,但是取得了具有较小的膜和粘合剂并且允许这样的拉片结构在很多不同类型的下层压片上形成的功能。根据特殊应用的需要,这种部分上层压片可与子片层和附加纸层(例如整个纸层)结合。在某些方式中,上层压片结构在用于大的或宽嘴容器的封件中具有优势,例如具有约30mm至约100mm开口的容器,在某些方式中,约60mm至约100mm,例如通常为38mm或83mm的封件,但是可用于任何尺寸容器的封件。
在其他方式中,所述拉片由整层材料形成,例如与部分聚酯层结合的整层聚合物膜(例如PET),以及与上文提到的子片结合的上部和下部粘合剂。子片粘接于下层压片,并且没有粘接于上层压片,以加强结构支撑。
一方面,这里的密封件包括在上层压片中整体限定于密封件周边或周缘内的拉片或抓持片,其中密封件的上表面的部分由上层压片限定,并且部分由下层压片部分限定。在—种方式中,密封件的顶表面由上层压片的小部分和下层压片的大部分提供。在其他方式中,下层压片在密封件的上表面是暴露的,在一些方式中,覆盖了整个封件上表面的约50%至约75%(或更多)。在某些方式中,这里的封件允许消费者利用拉片(例如在传统的拉片式封件中)取下密封件,或通过刺穿暴露的下层压片部分在密封件上打孔,以便提供依赖消费者习惯的推或拉的功能。具有通过整个宽度膜层的顶部限定的抓持片的现有的拉片式封件通常不允许容易刺穿的功能,这是因为用于形成拉片的附加的整个层使所述封件不容易刺穿。
在其他方面,对于拉片式密封件来说,这里公开的限定了整体位于封件周边或周缘内的拉片(仅由部分层形成)的封件为用于两件式封件和衬垫的组合功能的拉片式密封件提供了改进的性能。在两件式封件和衬垫的组合中,拉片式密封件横跨其上表面临时粘接于衬垫上。当容器打开并取下盖子或封闭部件时,密封件保持粘接在容器口上,衬垫分离并保持在容器盖子上。
在这种类型封件的早期实施例中,密封件的底部层为可由加热活化的热封层,例如通过感应或传导加热,以便将密封件的外部边缘粘接或粘合到容器口周边。在两件式封件和衬垫的组合中,密封件的上表面通过释放层临时结合于衬垫的下表面,所述释放层通常为热活化释放层,例如介入蜡层。在加热以将密封件结合到容器的过程中,热量不仅激活下部热封层,而且向上穿过封件以在密封件的整个表面融化介入蜡层从而将衬垫与密封件分离。通常,融化的蜡被衬垫吸收,以便更容易地允许衬垫与密封件分离。可以预料,为了所述密封件与衬垫组合能恰当地进行,所述介入蜡层需要在密封件的整个表面融化。如果所述蜡自始至终没有在整个密封件上表面融化,那么衬垫将不会与下密封部正确分离。
如需要附加整层材料(膜和粘合剂)以形成拉片的现有的拉片式密封件,这些附加的层将对热量穿过封件向上传递产生不良影响。由于形成拉片需要的附加的整层材料(膜和粘合剂)通常会导致用于衬垫分离的蜡的正确熔化问题,因此这种较少的热量向上传递的缺点限制了顶部拉片式封件在双组分部件中的使用,。
鉴于典型感应加热设备的进一步的缺点,现有技术中两片衬垫和封件组合的拉片式封件的这些缺点通常会更加显著。在感应封件中,金属箔被包含在封件中以产生激活热封件的热量。这种热量由在箔层中形成涡流的感应装置产生。来自箔层的感应热量融化了下部热封层以便粘接至容器边缘。在通常的两片组件中,由箔层产生的感应热量也被用于融化介入蜡层;然而,箔层在封件中心产生的感应热量通常低于箔片在密封层压片周边产生的感应热量。由于层压片的中心离感应加热装置的感应线圈最远,并且圆盘中心处箔片的涡流最弱,其能够在封件中心形成冷点。由于中心离感应线圈更远,因此这种缺点在宽封件(例如那些直径60mm或更大,或封件约60mm至约100mm)中会进一步放大。通常地,在密封层压片边缘和中心之间的感应热量的不同不是一个重要问题,因为热量需要更多地在封件的周边,以便在密封层压片的周边粘接容器边缘。在现有技术的不带拉片的两件式封件中,会有更少的材料阻止热量直接向上流动。然而,当在两片衬垫和封件的组合中尝试使用拉片式封件时,当尝试使用感应热量融化介入蜡层时,形成拉片的附加的整个层常常产生问题,尤其在封件的中心,那里的感应热量最低。
在本发明公开内容的其他方式中,另一方面,拉片在整个密封件周缘内形成,但形成拉片的上层压片和层与密封件的中心部分和区域间隔开。在某些方式中,在上层压片中限定拉片的层由小于密封件上表面内的半圆形的弓形部分提供。如下面更详细讨论的,在某些方式中,形成拉片的上层压片弓形部分由弦边限定,该弦边在其相对的端点之间没有沿着密封件的圆周穿过密封件的中心和密封件周缘。在这种方式中,封件的中心和中心部分暴露于下层压片,并且脱离形成拉片(和上层压片)的层。由于其允许在封件中心部分的更多的向上的热量流动以便比现有技术的拉片式封件更容易融化介入蜡层,因此这是双片组件的优点。
为简单起见,这些公开的内容主要涉及容器或瓶子,但是这里的密封件可适用于任何类型的容器、瓶子、包装或具有环绕进入容器内部开口的嘴或边缘的其他装置。在这些公开的内容中,上表面和下表面以及组成密封件的层指的是通常在附图中并且当密封件用于处于竖直状态且在其顶部具有开口的容器时描述的部件的方向。密封件的不同方式将首先被大体描述,然后不同结构和材料的更多特点将在之后解释。可以预料,在某些情况下,这里描述的密封件可以在单片或双片密封件构型中发挥作用。单片密封件通常仅包括粘接于容器边缘的密封件。在那里也可使用盖子或封闭部件。双片密封件包括临时粘接于衬垫的密封件。在这种结构中,密封件粘接于容器边缘,衬垫构造为在加热过程中与密封件分离,以便保留在用于容器的盖子或其他封闭部件上。例如,在两片结构中,蜡层可用于将密封件临时粘接于衬垫上。其他类型的释放层也可用于提供封件和衬垫间的临时粘接,但是释放层通常是热活化的。
具体实施方式
借助于更多的实施方式,图1和图2主要说明了具有上层压片12和下层压片14的拉片式封件10。上层压片12限定了一个整体位于封件10的圆周或周缘18内的抓持片16。通过—种方式,上层压片12通过一层或多层粘合层和/或薄膜形成,其中形成上层压片12的所有层和限定的抓持片16仅部分地跨过下层压片14的上表面或主表面延伸。在—种构成中,上层压片12形成了由上层压片12的边缘限定的弓形部分,其中一个边缘20为封件10的一个弦边,并且另一个边缘22为在相对的弦边端点24和26之间沿着周边和周缘18延伸的部分。如图3和图4的示例中所示,上层压片的弓形部分12与封件10的中心C间隔距离28。以这种方式,封件10的中心部分或区域脱离上层压片12。在某些方式中,下层压片14的上表面32至少暴露约50%,并且在一些实例中,大于封件10的一半。在另一些情况下,下层压片14的上表面32暴露密封件上部整体表面积的约50%约75%。
形成上层压片12的弓形部分包括拉片部分16,由于拉片16没有粘接到下层压片14上,因此其可以在枢轴线34处自由向上枢转。形成上层压片12的弓形部分也包括直接粘接到下层压片14上的粘接部分30。粘接部分30在枢轴线34和弦边部分20之间延伸。在一些情况下(暂时参照图9),上层压片弓形部分12的粘接部分30可具有长度或高度H1,该长度或高度H1为上层压片弓形部分12的总长度或高度H的约30%至约75%,并且在另一些情况下,为层压片12的约40%至约60%,在另外的情况下,为层压片12的约30%至约40%,并且仍然提供了很强的粘合力,以至于拉片16可被用于将密封件10完整地从容器边缘拉起。上层压片弓形部分12的拉片16具有高度或长度H2,其为上层压片弓形部分12的剩余高度,并且在一些情况下,拉片16为上层压片弓形部分12的主要部分。在另一些情况下,弓形部分12可限定拉片16相对于粘接部分30的比例为1∶1至2.5、1,在其他情况下,可为约1、1至2.1、1。
下层压片14无特别限定,并且根据特定应用的需要,可以是任何单层或多层膜结构、片材或层压片。例如,下层压片14可为约1密耳(mil)至约20密耳厚,在一些情况下,可为约7密耳至约10密耳厚。然而,在另一些情况下,对于特定应用来说,下层压片14的特殊层压结构具有很多优点。图3-7提供了适合于下层压片14的不同形式的示例。
在图3和图4中,提供了封件10的另一个例子。在这种方式下,从底部到顶部,下层压片14可包括下部密封剂层或热封层100、位于密封层100上部或正上方的聚合物膜支撑层102、位于支撑层上部的薄膜层或感应加热层104。在薄膜层104顶部可以是绝缘层或热量重新分配层106、以及任意的顶部聚合物支撑层108。每一层将在下文详细描述。
下部的密封剂层或热封层100可由适合于粘接到容器边缘上的任何材料组成,例如但并不限于感应、传导或直接粘接方法。适合的粘合剂、热熔性粘合剂、或用于热封层100的密封剂并不限于聚酯、聚烯烃、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、沙林树脂(surlyn)和其他适合的物质。通过—种方法,热封层可为约0.2到约3密耳厚度的这些物质的一层或多层结构。通过一些方法,热封层可以选择地具有相似于和/或包括如容器组份相同类型的聚合物。例如,如果容器包括聚乙烯,则热封层也可以包括聚乙烯。如果容器包括聚丙烯,则热封层也包括聚丙烯。其他相似的物质组成也是可能的。
支撑层102在层压片114中是任选的。如果包括,其可为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、尼龙、或其他结构聚合物层,在某些方法中,可为约0.5至约1密耳的厚度。
其次,膜层104可以是构造成为封件10提供感应加热和/或屏障特性的一层或多层。构造成为提供感应加热的层可以是当暴露于感应电流时能够产生热量的任何层,其中层中的涡流产生热量。通过—种方法,膜层可以是金属层,例如铝箔、锡或类似物。在其他方法中,膜层可以是与感应加热层结合的聚合物层。膜层也可以是或包括能够延迟气体或水分至少从外部到密封容器内部移动的大气阻隔层,并且在某些情况下,同时也提供感应加热。因此,膜层可以是构造成为提供这些功能的—层或多层。通过一种方法,膜层为约0.3至约2密耳的金属箔,例如铝箔,其能够提供感应加热并且提供如大气阻隔层的功能。
层106可以是绝缘层或热再分配层。在—种形式中,层106可以是泡沫状的聚合物层。适合的泡沫状聚合物层包括泡沫聚烯烃、泡沫聚丙烯、泡沫聚乙烯、和聚酯泡沫。在某些方式中,这些泡沫通常具有约2000至约3500g/in的内部断裂强度。在一些方式中,泡沫聚合物层106也可具有小于0.6g/cc的密度,并且在一些情况下,为约0.4至小于0.6g/cc。在另一些方式中,密度可以是从约0.4g/cc至约0.9g/cc。
在其他方式中,层106可以是非泡沫热分配层或热再分配层。在这些方式中,非泡沫热分配膜层为聚烯烃材料混合物,例如—种或多种高密度聚烯烃组份与—种或多种低密度聚烯烃组份结合的混合物。适合的聚合物包括,但并不限制于,聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯共聚物、它们的混合物、以及与更高的α烯烃的共聚物或混合物。通过—种方式,非泡沫热分配聚烯烃膜层为混合物,该混合物的约50%至约70%为—种或多种高密度聚烯烃材料,剩余部分为—种或多种低密度聚烯烃材料。混合物被选择为能够取得有效密度,以便能够提供容器的热封,并且同时提供衬垫从封件的—体地分离。
当在封件10中使用时,非泡沫热分配聚烯烃层106的有效密度在约0.96g/cc至0.99g/cc之间。在这个密度范围之上或之下,由于该层提供了过多的隔离或没有有效地分配热量,将会取得无法接受的结果。通过其他方法,非泡沫热分配层为约50%至约70%的高密度聚乙烯与低密度到中密度聚乙烯相结合的混合物,以便有效取得上述密度范围。
另外,选择非泡沫热分配层的有效厚度,以便取得与密度相关的这些性能。—种有效厚度的方式可以是约2至约10密耳。在其他方式中,层106可以是约2至约5密耳厚度,在另一些方式中,为约2至约4密耳厚,在另外的方式中,为约2至约3密耳厚。由于该层不能根据需要提供足够的隔离或不能够有效地分配热量,以实现衬垫分离和密封件粘接的双重性能,因此该范围之外的厚度对于热量再分配是不能接受的。
在下层压片14的顶部的外部聚合物支撑层108是可选的,其可以是PET、尼龙、或其他结构型聚合物层。在—种方式中,层108为具有无定形聚酯上层和结晶聚酯下层的非对称的聚酯膜。无定形聚酯层可具有比结晶聚酯更低的熔点,并且可有助于获得与上层压片12更好的粘接,并且在封件制造过程中改善在热辊和其他没备上的工艺。在—种方式中,层108为具有比无定形层厚的结晶层的共挤出层。在封件中,无定形层可形成与上层压片12的粘接,并形成下层压片14的上表面32。上层压片14也可包括特殊应用需要的其他层,其可以是适合于特殊应用的位于这里讨论的不同的层之间的层。
暂时参照图4,图3中的每一层也可通过任意的粘合层110粘接于与其紧邻的层。如图4中的示例性封件所示的,这些粘合层的组成可以相同,但是也可不同。例如,这里描述的用于任何优选的粘合层的粘合剂包括,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃、双组份聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组份尿烷粘合剂、环氧胶粘剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、以及类似的粘合剂材料。其他适合的材料可包括低密度聚乙烯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、和乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物。通过一种方式,任何优选的粘合层可以是涂覆的聚烯烃粘合层。如果需要,这些粘合层可以是约0.2至0.5密耳(或小于)的粘合剂的涂层,如涂覆的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃、双组份聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组份尿烷粘合剂、环氧胶粘剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、以及类似的粘合剂材料。
参照图3,形成上层压片12的弓形部分的—种方式将进一步描述。在这种方式中,层压片12包括—层热活化粘合层或热活化结合层120、和相应的或重叠的上部聚合物支撑层122,在那里粘合层120将支撑层122部分地粘接于下层压片14的上表面32,以便形成拉片部分16和粘接部分30。上部聚合物支撑层122可以是PET、尼龙、或其他结构型的聚合物层。
在图3的方式中,上层压片也包括局部层124,其小于或短于层压片112的层120和122,并被称为拉片料。拉片料124在其顶部粘接于或粘合于粘合层120,但是在最后的组装中,不粘接于下层压片14。然而,在任选的方式中,拉片16也可形成为没有拉片料124,实际上,利用了仅仅与粘合区域30相关的部分粘合层。(形成拉片16的选择方式可被用于这里描述的任意的封件方式。)
当使用拉片料124时,拉片16通过仅仅部分跨过上层压片12延伸的拉片料124形成或限定。更特别的是,如图3和图4所示,由于拉片料124粘接于热活化粘合层120,并且主要防止层122(和上部的任何层)穿过其至少—部分粘接于下密封层压片14的上表面32,因此拉片料124形成拉片16。也就是,拉片料124的顶表面粘接于热活化粘合层120的下部。拉片料124的底表面临近于,但并不粘接于下层压片14的上表面32,以形成拉片16。一方面,拉片料124由聚酯形成,例如聚乙烯对苯二酸酯(PET)、或纸。通过一种可选择的方式,拉片料124的下表面可用释放材料涂覆,例如硅酮。在热封或感应热封过程中,所选择的释放涂层使拉片料124粘接于下层压片14上表面32的可能性最小。然而,这样的释放涂层并不是典型需要的。至少如图3和图4中所示,拉片料124允许拉片结构16沿着边界线34向上枢转或铰接转动,以形成拉片16。通过这种方式,拉片料124和形成的拉片16整体限定于封件的圆周或周缘22。
热活化粘合层120可包括任何的通过热活化获得其粘合特性的聚合物材料。通过这种方法,热活化粘合层可具有约0.9至1.0g/cc的密度,和约145°F至约155°F的熔点峰值。粘合层120的熔融指数可以是约20至约30g/10min(ASTM D1238)。适合的例子包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃、双组份聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组份尿烷粘合剂、环氧胶粘剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、以及类似的粘合剂材料。如图所示,热活化粘合层120延伸至层压片部分12的全部宽度(但不是整个封件10或者整个下层压片14的全宽度和长度)。在另—种方式中,层压片12仅包括部分粘合层,因此不使用上面描述的拉片料层124。
通过—种方式,为了将上层压片固定在下层压片上,热活化粘合层120为EVA,以便获得粘合强度,该EVA具有含量为约20%至约28%的醋酸乙烯酯,并且其剩余单体为乙烯。低于20%的醋酸乙烯酯含量不足以形成这里描述的牢固的结构。通过—种方式,粘合层120可以是约0.5至约1.5密耳的EVA,在其他方式中,约为0.5至约1.0密耳的EVA;然而,根据特殊应用的需要,这样的厚度可以改变,以便取得需要的结合强度和内部强度。
图5和图6显示了这里描述了另—种可替代方式的密封件101。在这种方式中,下层压片114仅包括与膜层104结合的下部密封层或热封层100,该膜层104与任意的粘合层110粘接在一起。上层压片12或部分也可包括如上文描述的相似的层。为了这个目的,部分12可包括上部聚合物支撑层122、热活化粘合层120、和拉片料124。这些层的组成与上面讨论的情形相似,并且将不会进一步讨论。在这种方式中,下层压片可以是约1至约5密耳厚,在其他方式中,约1至约3密耳厚。
由于存在暴露的膜层(通常为箔层)作为密封件101上表面的—部分,在某些情况下,为大部分,因此图5和图6的方式是具有优势的。另外,考虑到相对薄的层压片114,密封件101可通过消费者拉动拉片16使其从容器边缘剥离而被打开,或者可选择地,密封件的暴露部分200(也就是,封件的没有被上层压片12覆盖的部分)可容易地被消费者压破或刺穿。这能够对封件施加推/拉功能,也就是,压破或刺穿下层压片14和拉起拉片16以便从容器剥离封件10。图7说明了由PET层形成拉片料124的方法,而图8说明了具有纸层形成的拉片料124的另—种方法。
图7示出了的图5或图6中封件的典型的两件式封件和衬垫组件300。这里描述的其他封件也可采用相似的设置。在这种方法中,密封件101的顶表面暂时粘接于衬垫302,如图7中所示的可选的纸浆垫。衬垫302通过中间层304暂时粘接于封件101,在这种方式中,该中间层为蜡或微晶蜡的热活化层。在热封(通过感应、传导、或类似方法)至容器边缘前,蜡层304将衬垫302粘接于封件101上。作为将封件101粘接至容器上的加热过程的—部分,热量(在某些方法中,从金属层感应加热)在封件中向上流动并且激活或融化蜡304,以便释放衬垫302与密封件101之间的结合,这将两个组份分开。在一些方式中,蜡被衬垫302熔化或吸收。
如可推测的,为了这种分离出现的整洁和准确,蜡需要在封件101的整个表面区域熔化。对于现有的封件,如图1和图2中具有完整的膜层和在某些情况中具有完整的粘合层的封件,在封件的中心部分还有向上的定向热量需要通过的附加材料。由于封件的中心部分离感应线圈最远,并且因此产生最低水平的感应热量,因此当上层压片包括形成拉片的完整层时,封件中心预先倾向于在双组份组件中不产生充足的热量。如果封件具有进一步限制热量向上传递的绝缘层,或如果封件很大(例如约60mm或更大),那么在中心的不良的向上的热量传递通常变得更糟。
例如图7的封件,消除了封件101中心和中间部分的附加的拉片形成层,这样在感应封件中具有弱涡流的这些区域不需要产生高水平的流经附加层或附加材料的热量,以便达到和熔化中间的蜡区域。这样,图7的封件提供和改善了两件式封件和衬垫组件,甚至有全部限定于整个封件的圆周或周缘内的拉片。另外,由于封件的中心是暴露的,因此上层压片12可比通常用于拉片式封件的更厚,并且在某些方式中,可多于约5密耳,在其他方式中为约5至约10密耳厚。这些层也可包括没有阻碍向上的热量流动问题的其他结构的支撑层。为了这个目的,层压片12可包括提高拉片刚性的厚聚合物层和/或厚泡沫层。
在某些方式中,衬垫302可由—层或多层硬纸板、纸浆板、或合成压缩剂(compressing agent)(例如合成泡沫或合成纤维)形成,当通过加热活化时,其能有效吸收释放层304,例如蜡。在—种方式中,衬垫302可包括发泡的塑料材料层,其中纸层(未示出)已经粘接至其底表面。在这种方式中,纸层与释放层304接触以便吸性熔化的蜡和其他的活化成分。通过其他方式,衬垫302具有从约400至约1800微米的厚度。如果合成泡沫或纤维能够被加工成相对于传统用于感应封件的纸浆板具有适合的压缩系数的层,那么它们也可用作材料或衬垫。例如,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、共挤的LDPE、聚丙烯(PP)、以及聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫或纤维也可用作衬垫。选择的合成材料应该具有足够的吸收能力、适当的孔隙容积、和结构,以便吸收大致所有的用于封件的蜡。压缩剂吸收材料的尺寸将根据应用、容器开口的尺寸、和使用的封闭部件的结构和尺寸而改变。
通过—种方式,释放层304可以是蜡层。在感应密封的过程中,蜡可包括任何适合的蜡材料,该蜡材料能够在密封件由于能量源而承受的温度范围内融化。例如,蜡层可包括石蜡、微晶蜡、以及它们的混合物。通过一种方式,蜡层可以包括石蜡和微晶蜡的混合物,其中可以调节用于蜡层的微晶蜡的比例,以便提供被配置为增强了蜡被衬垫吸收能力的蜡层。可选择的是,蜡层可包括用其他聚合物添加剂改性的微晶蜡,以便增强其内部的结合性。例如,蜡层可包括用乙烯和聚异丁烯中的至少—种改性的微晶蜡。
通常,应用于密封件的感应能量将膜层104加热至一定温度,在某些方式中,从约300°F加热至约450°F。因此,应该选择蜡层的体积或厚度,以便在制造的过程中大致所有的蜡将被融化并且被压缩剂吸收。
当回顾上文内容时,图8和图9示意性地说明了封件的一些相对特征,以及弓形部分上层压片12的独特性质。如图10所示,整个上层压片弓形部分12可由角度α1限定,该角度α1位于从中心C延伸至端点24和26的半径线之间,并且为约125°至约150°。在其他方式中为约130°至约140°,在另外的其他方式中为约130°至约138°。这形成了覆盖封件上表面的约10%至约40%的上层压片弓形部分12,在其他方式中,覆盖封件上表面的约14%至约35%,在另外的其他方式中,覆盖封件上表面的约20%至约30%。以这种方式,这里的封件的上表面由来自上层压片部分12的顶层的较小部分,和来自下部封件层压片14的顶层的较大部分形成。
上层压片弓形部分的拉片16也可限定第二弓形部分,并且也可通过第二角度α2限定,该第二角度α2位于从中心C向外延伸至限定枢轴线34的弦的相对侧的端点300和302的半径线之间,并且为约90°至约120°,在另—种方式中为约100°至约115°,在其他方式中,为约105°至约112°。以这种方式,封件限定了拉片16,该拉片16完全限定在封件的周缘内,拉片表面积与粘接区域30的表面积的比率为约1∶1至约3∶1,在某些方式中为约1∶1至约2∶1。即使当上层压片部分12小于封件的约50%时,也能获得这些比率,在某些方式中,小于封件的约40%,在另一些方式中,小于封件上部表面区域的约35%。
参考图9,其说明了密封件的另一个示意性的实施例,其示出了上层压片弓形部分12和下层压片14的上表面32之间的不同的相对关系,对于密封件来说,其作为在几个不同构型的下层压片上的重叠拉片是有效的。在—种方式中,暴露的下层压片部分32的总长度为密封件总长度的约60%至约85%(在其他方式中,为约70%至约80%),上层压片弓形部分12具有总高度H,该总高度H为密封件总长度的约15%至约40%(在一些方式中,为约20%至约30%)。因此,在一些方式中,弓形部分高度与暴露的下层压片32的比率可以是约0.2至约0.7。
参考图10,其示出了一个包括子片层202的密封件200的实施例。以这种方式,很多层与上面讨论的层具有相似的位置和组成,并且这些层将不会在这些可选择的方式中进一步讨论。在这种方式中,子片层202被结合于下层压片214,尤其是结合于上表面32,在图10的方式中,结合于下层压片214的箔层。子片202没有结合于拉片16或上层压片212上。当子片层202被示出结合于特定的下层压片时,下层压片的结构没有被特别限定,并且可以是任何单层或多层膜结构。
子片202可以是通过热熔性粘合剂粘接于下层压片的纸层,或者是通过薄的粘合剂涂层热结合于或热粘接于下层压片的膜层(聚烯烃、聚酯或尼龙等)。在某些方式中,子片202可以是约1至约5密耳厚,在其他方式中,为约1至约2密耳厚。子片层可与拉片料124共同延伸,拉片料也可以是纸层以便这种方式可以在上层压片12的拉片16和下层压片214之间提供纸对纸的界面。当拉片层应用于下层压片时,子片层202提供结构支撑,并且有助于最小化折叠、折痕、起皱和其他变形的形成。在某些情况下,当子片层与抓持片结合时,在操作和密封盖子的过程中,子片层202在为下层压片提供结构支撑时可具有特别的优势,该下层压片为最容易出现此种结构缺陷的3密耳或更薄的下层压片。
在图10中,密封件200也可包括位于拉片式封件上部的可选择的上部层220。在一种方式中,上部层也可提供额外的结构支撑,并且可包括纸或纤维衬底层222和粘合层224。纸衬底层222可以是约5至约10密耳的衬纸。粘合层224可以是上面讨论的粘合层例子中的任意—种。这种方法提供了—种牢固的拉片16,但也提供了一种很容易地进入容器内部的方式,例如,经由没有被上层压片12覆盖的封件200的部分刺穿或穿孔箔层。
图11也提供了利用与下层压片214结合的子片层202的密封件300的例子,在该方式中,其类似于上面图10中描述的密封件。然而,可以认识到,根据特殊应用的需要,下层压片214可以是任何单层或多层层压片。
在该方式中,拉片215由聚合物层350形成,其可以是如聚酯(PET)、PEN、尼龙或类似物的结构聚合物层。在层350的上部可以是附加的支撑层,例如衬底层222(其可通过粘合层224粘接于层350,粘合层224没有在图11中显示)。在这种方式中,拉片通过复合粘合剂膜352的、没有在封件300的整个长度上延伸的部分结合剂或粘合层形成,该复合粘合剂膜由夹在热结合材料356和358的两个外部层之间的聚酯层354形成。复合膜层352可以是约2至约8密耳厚,在某些方式中,为约3至约4密耳厚。
热结合材料356和358可包括任何可通过热活化获得其粘接特性的聚合物材料。通过—种方式,热结合层可具有约0.9至约1.0g/cc的密度,并且熔点峰值为约145°F至约155°F。热结合材料的熔融指数可以是约20至约30g/10min(ASTM D1238)。适合的例子包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)、聚烯烃、双组分聚亚胺酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组分尿烷粘合剂、环氧粘合剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物、以及类似的结合材料。
通过另一种方式,热结合材料为EVA,该EVA具有约20%至约28%的醋酸乙烯酯,并且其剩余的单体为乙烯,以便取得一定的结合强度,从而将上层压片牢固地保持在下层压片上。醋酸乙烯酯的含量低于20%将不足以形成这里描述的牢固结构。通过一种方式,层352可包括约0.5至约1.5密耳的EVA的上层和下层356和358,在其他方式中,为约0.5至约1.0密耳的EVA;然而,根据特殊应用的需要,厚度可以改变,以便取得期望的结合强度和内部强度。
封件300也可包括上文描述的子片层202,以便为拉片上面和下面的层提供结构支撑。在这种方式中,子片层202可具有与上文描述的子片层相似的特性。层202被结合于下层压片的上表面,没有被结合于形成拉片215的层350。
在可选择的方式中,子片层202可以不与主要拉片16或它的任何拉片料124共同延伸,而是可以超过拉片16和拉片料124的边界横向地延伸。在一些方式中,子片层能够与上层压片共同延伸或者延伸超过密封件的一半。在这种方式中,子片层能有助于改善上层压片到下层压片的粘接。例如,如果泡沫层用于子片202,那么子片能够朝向封件的中心C越过拉片和拉片料进一步地延伸,以便与结合区域128接界,例如,随之改善结合。在这种方式中,在延伸的子片层202和下层压片(例如箔层)上表面之间需要强有力的结合。
在其他方式中,如果子片层202为纸层或其他吸收材料,那么可以在子片的上表面施加临时结合型的材料或粘合剂,以便将子片的上表面临时结合于上层压片中的拉片16或拉片料124。在这种方式中,在热活化前以及在通常的操作和盖子组装的过程中,子片层202和上层压片中位于子片层上部的层之间的临时结合将会临时将拉片结合和/或保持在下层压片上,以便固定上部拉片基底,从而保持整个衬垫层的同心性和/或横向稳定性,包括拉片与下部层的分界面。
通过—种方式,子片和上层压片或拉片料之间的临时结合可通过蜡层实施,例如前面描述的蜡。在这种方式中,当加热从而将密封件固定到容器边缘时,产生的热将蜡融化,这将从子片层释放拉片或拉片料,并且使拉片自由以便正常使用。然后蜡能被吸收进入子片层的纸或其他吸收材料,这与上文描述的蜡如何被融化以及如何被双片部件结构中的衬垫吸收相似。蜡能够在构造密封件前被应用于或涂覆于子片层的上表面,或在封件组装过程中被应用于该部件的生产线上。可选择的是,子片层和其上部层之间的临时结合将采用可替代的释放机构,例如不相同的聚合物(例如,在子片和相邻层上的不同聚合物)、加载到子片或其他相邻层的滑动添加剂、冷封释放技术,该冷封释放技术可提供临时结合但对消费者来说可很容易通过向上转动拉片而剥离。另外,子片层可进一步由合成的短无纺布纤维构成,它们交织在—起形成吸收片,类似于专利US7,850,033中描述的,专利US7,850,033通过全文引用被包含在这里。当与子片层202形成临时结合时,并且在某些方式中,由于在层压片结构中的位置,任何可用于形成临时结合的蜡可以是具有比上文描述的具有两件式封件和衬垫结构的蜡更高的熔点的蜡。在热封的过程中,这种更高熔点的蜡可用于其位置处而不会影响封件的任何功能以及子片层从其他层的释放。这是因为在某些方式中子片层更靠近感应加热层。
总的来说,在其他特征之中,本发明提供了—种用于密封容器边缘的拉片式密封件,其中拉片式密封件包括一个重叠的上层压片,该上层压片包括一个下密封部,所述下密封部包括具有总表面积的顶表面,并包括构造为热封容器边缘的热封层,上层压片至少部分地结合于下部封件部分的顶表面,以便形成整个限定在下密封部周缘的抓持片;上层压片包括具有小于下密封部顶表面的总表面积的顶表面,并且形成了由构成弦边的边缘限定的弓形部分,弦边横跨下密封部延伸并且与拉片式密封件的中心间隔。密封件进一步包括与抓持片共同延伸的子片层。子片层结合于下密封部的顶表面,但不与抓持片结合。子片层也可以是纸、聚合物、聚酯、以及类似的材料。在某些方式中,一个完整的衬底层既粘接于上层压片的顶表面,也粘接于下密封部的顶表面。在一些方式中,衬底层为约5至约10密耳厚的纸。
在可选择的方式中,拉片式密封件也可包括具有热活化结合层或拉片料的上层压片,该热活化结合层形成了与下密封部顶表面的至少部分结合,该拉片料结合于热活化结合层但并不结合于下密封部顶表面以形成抓持片。在其他方式中,拉片式密封件的上表面可由上层压片的顶表面的小部分和下密封部顶表面的大部分部分地限定。拉片式密封件的上表面也可临时结合于衬垫,衬垫—部分临时结合于上层压片的顶表面,并且衬垫的其他部分临时结合于下密封部的顶表面。
在某些方式中,下密封部可具有成型为没有被上层压片覆盖的拉片式密封件的部分能够被刺穿的厚度和构造。
在某些方式中,形成上层压片的弓形部分可由公式2arccos(H1/半径)的扫描角限定。在某些方式中,该角度可以是约125°至约150°。在其他方式中,上层压片的拉片为小于半圆并由公式2arccos(H2/半径)的第二扫描角限定的弓形部分。在某些方式中,该角为约90°至约120°。
在某些形式中,上层压片的弓形部分可覆盖约10%至约40%的拉片式密封件的上表面,上表面的剩余部分为下密封部的顶表面。
在某些可选择的方式中,下密封部可包括多种不同的材料和层。例如,下密封部可包括金属箔,并且下密封部的顶表面可以是金属箔。下密封部也可包括泡沫聚合物,或下密封部的顶表面可以是选自聚烯烃材料或聚酯材料的聚合物膜。
在其他方式中,用于密封容器边缘的拉片式密封件被描述为包括下密封部,该下密封部包括具有总表面积的顶表面并包括构造为热封容器边缘的热封层。封件进一步包括至少部分地结合于下密封部顶表面以形成整体限定于下密封部周缘内的抓持片的上层压片。部分结合由夹在聚酯层相对侧的热结合材料之间的聚酯复合层形成。封件也包括与抓持片共同延伸的子片层。子片层结合于下密封部的顶表面,但不与抓持片结合。在一些可选择的方式中,拉片式封件的上层压片包括聚酯层和纸衬底层。
应该理解,为了解释产品和方法的性质而在这里进行的描述和解释的封件,衬垫、工艺以及他们的组合的设置、材料和细节的各种改变,可以由本领域的技术人员在本发明附加权利要求限定的具体产品的精神和范围内作出。例如,封件可包括其他层,该其他层在层压片内,并且根据特殊应用需要而示出和描述的不同层之间。如果需要的话,也可使用图中没有显示的粘合层将不同的层固定在—起。除非其他说明,所有的部分和百分比按重量计。
Claims (31)
1.—种用于封闭容器边缘的拉片式密封件,所述拉片式密封件包括:
下密封部,其包括具有总表面积的顶表面,并包括构造为用于热封容器边缘的热封层;
上层压片,其至少部分地结合于下密封部的顶表面,以形成整体限定于下密封部周缘内的抓持片;
所述上层压片包括具有表面积小于下密封部总表面积的顶表面,上层压片限定了具有形成横跨下密封部延伸的弦边的边缘的弓形部分;和
子片层,其至少与抓持片共同延伸,所述子片层结合于所述下密封部的顶表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述上层压片包括热活化结合层,所述热活化结合层形成为至少部分地结合于下密封部的顶表面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述上层压片包括拉片料,所述拉片料结合于热活化结合层但并不与下密封部的顶表面结合,以形成抓持片。
4.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述拉片式密封件的上表面由上层压片顶表面的小部分和下密封部顶表面的大部分部分地限定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述拉片式密封件的上表面临时结合于衬垫,所述衬垫的部分临时结合于上层压片的顶表面,并且衬垫的其他部分临时结合于下密封部的顶表面。
6.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述下密封部具有构造为没有覆盖上层压片的拉片式密封件的部分能够被刺穿的厚度和构造。
7.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,形成上层压片的弓形部分由约125°至约150°的角度限定。
8.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,上层压片的抓持片为由约90°至约120°的角度限定的弓形部分。
9.根据权利要求4所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,上层压片的弓形部分覆盖了拉片式密封件约10%至约40%的上表面,而上表面的剩余部分为下密封部的顶表面。
10.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,下密封部包括金属箔。
11.相据权利要求10所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,下密封部的顶表面为金属箔。
12.根据权利要求10所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,下密封部包括泡沫聚合物。
13.根据权利要求10所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,下密封部的顶表面为选自聚烯烃材料和聚酯材料的聚合物膜。
14.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述子片层选自纸、聚合物材料、以及它们的组合。
15.根据权利要求1所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,衬底层粘接于上层压片的顶表面和下密封部的顶表面。
16.根据权利要求15所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,所述衬底层为约5至约10密耳厚的纸层。
17.—种用于密封容器边缘的拉片式密封件,所述拉片式密封件包括:
下密封部,其具有顶表面,并包括构造为用于热封容器边缘的热封层;
上层压片,其至少部分地结合于下密封部的顶表面,以形成整体限定于下密封部周缘内的抓持片;
聚酯的复合层,该复合层夹在聚酯相对侧的热结合材料之间,所述复合层形成了在上层压片和下密封部的顶表面之间的至少部分结合;和
子片层,其与抓持片共同延伸,所述子片层结合于所述下密封部的顶表面并且不与抓持片结合。
18.根据权利要求17所述的拉片式密封件,其特征在于,上层压片包括聚酯层和纸衬底层。
19.—种用于密封围绕容器开口边缘的同心稳定的拉片式密封件,由多层层压片形成的密封件包括:
下层压片部分,其包括用于结合容器边缘的热封层、位于热封层上部的用于加热热封层的金属箔层、位于金属箔层上部的聚合物泡沫层、以及位于聚合物泡沫层上部的至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层;
上层压片部分,其部分地结合于下层压片部分,并且包括没有结合于所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层的自由部,所述自由部形成整体限定于密封件周缘内的抓持片,所述抓持片用于将密封件从容器开口取下;和
所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层在其周缘至少与所述抓持片共同延伸,以便提供结构支撑并且稳定位于密封件的抓持片下方的下层压片部分。
20.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,进一步包括拉片料聚合物层,该拉片料聚合物层部分地跨过同心稳定的拉片式密封件延伸,以便形成抓持片,所述拉片料聚合物层结合于上层压片部分中的一层,并且不与下层压片部分结合。
21.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层结合于聚合物泡沫层,并且不与形成抓持片的自由部结合。
22.根据权利要求20所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层结合于聚合物泡沫层,并且不与拉片料聚合物层结合。
23.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层为至少一个非泡沫聚烯烃膜层。
24.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层为约1至约5密耳厚。
25.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述聚合物泡沫层具有约2,000至约3,500克/英寸的内部断裂强度。
26.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述聚合物泡沫层具有约0.4至约0.6克/立方厘米的密度。
27.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述上层压片部分包括热活化结合层,该热活化结合层形成为至少部分地结合于下层压片部分。
28.根据权利要求27所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述热活化结合层选自包括以下材料的集合:乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、聚烯烃、双组份聚氨酯、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物、可固化的双组份尿烷粘合剂、环氧胶粘剂、乙烯甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、以及它们的组合。
29.根据权利要求19所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层包括无定形聚合物层、结晶聚合物层、以及共挤出的它们的组合物的其中之一。
30.根据权利要求29所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述至少一个非泡沫聚合物膜支撑层为共挤出聚合物,该共挤出聚合物具有形成与上层压片结合的无定形层和形成与聚合物泡沫层结合的结晶层。
31.根据权利要求30所述的密封件,其特征在于,所述结晶层比无定形层厚。
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- 2014-03-12 AU AU2014201417A patent/AU2014201417B2/en active Active
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