CN104010522A - 共磨碎稳定剂组合物 - Google Patents
共磨碎稳定剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104010522A CN104010522A CN201280060341.7A CN201280060341A CN104010522A CN 104010522 A CN104010522 A CN 104010522A CN 201280060341 A CN201280060341 A CN 201280060341A CN 104010522 A CN104010522 A CN 104010522A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种共磨碎的稳定剂组合物,该组合物包括:(i)微晶纤维素和(ii)羧甲基纤维素,其中所述羧甲基纤维素具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度。该组合物用作稳定剂,尤其是在食品和药品应用中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及适用于,例如水性食品和药物组合物的共磨碎的稳定剂组合物,还涉及其制造和用途。
发明背景
微晶纤维素(已知,并在本文中称为“MCC”)、水解的纤维素湿饼、或纤维素胶,在食品工业中常用于增强最终食品的性质或属性。例如,其已经被用作食品应用中的粘结剂和稳定剂,包括在饮品中作为凝胶剂、增稠剂、脂肪替代品、和/或无热值填充物,以及作为悬浮稳定剂和/或调质剂。其还在药物片剂中用作粘结剂和崩解剂,在液体药物制剂中用作悬浮剂,以及在工业应用中、家用产品(诸如去污剂和/或漂白片剂)中、农业制剂中、以及个人护理产品(诸如洁齿剂和化妆品)中用作粘结剂、崩解剂和加工助剂。
通过使微晶纤维素或“湿饼”经过磨碎加工,以将晶体基本地再细分成精细细分的颗粒来改性微晶纤维素以用于此类用途。然而,随着粒度降低,单个颗粒在干燥后倾向于聚集或角质化(hornify),这种结果是产品制造或使用中所不希望的。为了防止角质化,可以在磨碎中或磨碎后,但是在干燥前加入保护性胶体。保护性胶体完全或部分中和氢键或其他较小尺寸颗粒之间的键结合力。所得的材料常常被称为经磨碎的微晶纤维素或胶体微晶纤维素,并且此类经磨碎的微晶纤维素或胶体微晶纤维素通常会形成稳定的悬浮液,几乎没有甚至没有沉降。相反,非胶体微晶纤维素会在水性系统中沉降并且不形成稳定的悬浮液。美国专利号3,539,365(Durand等)描述了一种胶体微晶纤维素,例如羧甲基纤维素-涂覆的微晶纤维素。美国专利申请号2011/0151097(Tuason等)描述了另一种胶体微晶纤维素,例如淀粉-涂覆的微晶纤维素。FMC公司(美国宾夕法尼亚州费城)制造并销售各种胶体微晶纤维素产品,包括可食用食品和药品级别,商品名为和等。
MCC和一些水胶体(诸如具有至少0.95的取代度的羧甲基纤维素、果胶、藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、黄原胶、琼脂胶、威兰胶(wellan gum)或结冷胶)的混合物可能太“湿滑”,不是令人满意的磨碎。MMC颗粒并不令人满意的磨碎会对MMC稳定剂的功能具有不良影响。结果,已经做出了一些尝试通过使用磨碎剂,例如盐来解决该问题。例如,参见US7,879,382、US7,462,232和US5,366,724。已经采用其他方法来制备合适的MCC/水胶体组合物。例如,参见US2005/0233046;US2011/0151097;和WO2010/136157。
然而,仍然存在对含有具有至少0.95的取代度的羧甲基纤维素的共磨碎的微晶纤维素组合物的需求(这样的羧甲基纤维素是湿滑的)。申请人已经意外地发现使用具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度的羧甲基纤维素能够与MCC共磨碎,并且此类共磨碎的稳定剂组合物在例如,水性食品体系中提供优良的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种共磨碎的稳定剂组合物,该组合物包括:(i)微晶纤维素和(ii)羧甲基纤维素,其中所述羧甲基纤维素具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度。该组合物用作稳定剂,尤其是在食品和药品应用中。
本发明也涉及包括本发明的稳定剂的工业组合物,其中该工业组合物是,例如药物组合物、兽用组合物、农业组合物或美容组合物。
另外,本发明涉及制备本发明的稳定剂组合物的方法,该方法包括:a)混合微晶纤维素和组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素;b)共磨碎步骤a)的混合物;以及c)对步骤b)的挤出物进行干燥。
发明详述
在本发明的说明书中“胶体”和“胶态”可互换使用,以定义能够在水性混合物中适当悬浮的颗粒。如本领域普通技术人员所知并且参考本文,胶体颗粒可以是任意合适的粒度,前提是它们能够形成均匀的悬浮液;例如,当在悬浮液中测量时,大部分的颗粒具有0.1-30微米的粒度。
可以如下测量本文中所涉及的所有羧甲基纤维素的粘度。本发明使用的羧甲基纤维素是具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度的低粘度羧甲基纤维素。可以使用布氏(Brookfield)粘度仪,在25℃、60rpm、心轴#1下,在水中以2%的固体测量低于100cp的粘度。本文中有时使用的“中等粘度”羧甲基纤维素是指具有约200-4000cp(例如,当用布氏粘度仪在25℃,30rpm,心轴#2下在水中以2%的固体测量时)的羧甲基纤维素。具有高于“中等粘度”的粘度的羧甲基纤维素可以被认为是“高粘度”级羧甲基纤维素(并且可以用布氏粘度仪在25℃,30rpm,心轴#3或#4下在水中以2%的固体测量这样的粘度)。
另外,公开了含有本发明的组合物的可食用食品。这些食品可以包括水性体系、乳液、饮品、调味汁、汤、调料、奶制品和非奶制品牛奶、冷冻甜品和发酵食品。可食用食品可以另外包括不同的可食用材料和添加剂,包含蛋白、果汁、蔬菜汁、水果风味物质或其任意组合。另外,公开了包括本发明的组合物的许多工业悬浮液,其适用于药品、化妆品、兽用产品、个人护理产品、农业产品或化学制剂。
微晶纤维素
在本发明的组合物中可以采用任意的MCC。在本发明的组合物中可以采用来自任意来源的MCC。可以从中得到MCC的原料包括,例如,木浆(诸如漂白的亚硫酸盐木浆和硫酸盐木浆)、玉米壳、甘蔗渣、秸秆、棉花、棉绒、亚麻、大麻、苎麻、海藻纤维素和发酵纤维素。另外的原料包括漂白的软木硫酸盐法木浆、漂白的硬木硫酸盐法木浆、漂白的桉树硫酸盐法木浆、纸浆、短纤浆、溶解木浆和漂白的非木材纤维素浆。在一个实施方式中,使用的MCC是由美国食品药品监管局批准的供人食用的一种MCC。
微晶纤维素可以是任意合适的形式。羧甲基纤维素优选以“湿饼”形式经共磨碎。微晶纤维素湿饼是已经被制成湿形式(例如,含水)并且还未经过干燥(“从未干燥”)的微晶纤维素。换而言之,微晶纤维素湿饼是之前还未经过干燥并且用水再水化的微晶纤维素。微晶纤维素(MCC)可以包括部分水解的纤维素(β-1,4葡聚糖)的小棒状微晶。β-1,4葡聚糖可以源自施用于所选择的纤维素材料的任意需要的化学降解方法。
通过用无机酸,优选盐酸(酸水解)处理纤维素源,优选来自纤维植物材料的木浆的形式的α纤维素,来产生微晶纤维素。酸选择性地攻击纤维素聚合物链的有序性较低的区域从而暴露并且释放结晶位点,这些位点形成组成微晶纤维素的结晶聚集体。然后从反应混合物中分离它们,并且洗涤以去除降解的副产物。所得的湿物质,通常含有40-60%的水分,在本领域中称作以下几个名称,包括“水解的纤维素”、“水解的纤维素湿饼”、“整平的DP纤维素、“微晶纤维素湿饼”或简单称为“湿饼”。
用于MCC生产的经典工艺是由O.A.Battista首创(美国专利号2978446;3023104;和3146168)的纯化的纤维素的酸水解。可以使用各种化学或机械处理来增强MCC酸水解。在降低成本的同时维持或改善MCC品质工作中,也已经提出了各种替代性的工艺。其中有蒸汽爆破(美国专利号5769934;Ha等),反应性挤出(美国专利号6228213;Hanna等),一步水解和漂白(国际专利公开号WO01/0244;Schaible等),以及在由氧气和/或二氧化碳气体加压的反应器中并在100℃-200℃下操作的半结晶纤维素和水反应液体的部分水解(美国专利号5,543,511)。
羧甲基纤维素
用于本发明的组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素是非常特定的,并且具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度。此类羧甲基纤维素在本领域中被认为具有高取代度和非常低的粘度(并且,由此在本文中有时称为“高DS/低粘度CMC”)。在一些更特定的实施方式中,取代度可以是1.0-1.5,更具体地,1.0-1.4,和1.1-1.3;并且粘度可以是2-100cp,更具体地,2-50cp,2-30cp和2-25cp。
此类羧甲基纤维素可以是碱金属羧甲基纤维素,更具体地,是羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钾或羧甲基纤维素铵,并且最优选羧甲基纤维素钠。
羧甲基纤维素可以表征为,尤其是取代度(本文中有时称为“DS”)。DS表示每个葡糖酐单元上取代的羟基的平均数量。例如,羧甲基纤维素中的每个葡糖酐单元含有3个羟基,这使得羧甲基纤维素具有3.0的最大理论DS。
具有0.95-1.5的DS的市售可得的羧甲基纤维素是Ambergum1221(阿旭兰德公司(Ashland);具有约1.2的DS的低粘度羧甲基纤维素)。
优选地,本发明的共磨碎的稳定剂组合物还包括组分(iii)具有低至0.45至0.9的取代度的羧甲基纤维素或具有0.95-1.5的DS和200-4000cp的粘度的羧甲基纤维素中的至少一种。此类羧甲基纤维素也包括其碱金属盐,诸如羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钾或羧甲基纤维素铵。组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素可以具有200cp至4000cp的中等粘度,优选200cp至1000cp,具有0.45-约0.9的DS。这种低DS-中等粘度CMC的一个特定示例是来自阿旭兰德公司的Aqualon7MF系列。组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素也可以具有5cp至200cp的低粘度,优选5cp-100cp,具有0.45-约0.9的DS。这种低DS-低粘度CMC的一个特定示例是来自阿旭兰德公司的Aqualon7LF。此外,组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素也可以具有200cp至4000cp的粘度,优选200cp至1000cp,具有约0.95-约1.5的DS。这种高DS-中等粘度CMC的特定示例包括来自阿旭兰德公司的Aqualon12M8F和12M31P。
微晶纤维素通常以60-96%,更优选80-95%,更优选80-90%的量存在,全部基于组分(ii)的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的总重量,并且组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素以4-40%,更优选5-20%,更优选10-20%的量存在,全部基于组分(ii)的微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的总重量。另外,如果存在组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素,那么组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素可以2-36%,更优选2-20%,更优选2-15%的量存在,全部基于稳定剂组合物的总重量。
稳定剂组合物可以仅由组分(i)中的MCC和组分(ii)中的羧甲基纤维素组成。同样地,稳定剂组合物也可以仅由组分(i)中的MCC、组分(ii)中的羧甲基纤维素和组分(iii)中的羧甲基纤维素组成。本发明的共磨碎的稳定剂组合物可以含有低于5%的淀粉、低于4%淀粉、低于3%淀粉、低于2%淀粉、低于1%淀粉,全部基于稳定剂的总重量,或者本发明的共磨碎的稳定剂组合物不含淀粉。另外,本发明的稳定剂组合物可以含有或不含任意磨碎剂,例如盐。
历史上,当尝试制备具有高DS(例如,0.9-1.5)/中等粘度(200-4000cp)的胶体MCC时,MCC和CMC之间的磨碎会是非常湿滑的,不能产生足够的操作属性。测试也显示了在食品应用中不令人满意的性能。本发明的发明人发现,如果在MCC/CMC磨碎/挤出中使用高DS-低粘度CMC,则性能相对于使用高DS-中等或高粘度CMC发生显著变化。所得的本发明的胶体MCC/CMC在食品应用中有出色的性能,诸如在大豆饮品中。加入第二CMC后发现了磨碎/挤出中的更多协同作用,其也对出色的食品性能产生了贡献。
共磨碎
本发明也涉及制备本发明的稳定剂组合物的方法,该方法包括:a)混合微晶纤维素和组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素;b)共磨碎步骤a)的混合物;以及c)对步骤b)的挤出物进行干燥。如果存在组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素的话,则将其加入步骤a)中。。如本文所用,术语“共磨碎的”、“磨碎的”和“磨碎”可互换使用,以表示将至少一部分(如果不是全部的)颗粒的尺寸有效降低至胶体尺寸的过程。“共磨碎”是用于指代向组分的混合物施加剪切力的术语。例如,可以通过共挤出、碾磨、混合或捏合来实现合适的磨碎工艺。MCC通常是具有35%-70%的固体水平的湿饼,但是其可以干燥的或再水化的形式使用。除了在现有的MCC制造中实践使用的各种类型的挤出机以外,其他用于共磨碎湿饼或MCC∶CMC的设备的示例包括挤压辊/带、压延辊、机械盘磨机、超声精制机、高压匀浆器(包括微流体装置)、高压缩行星混合机(highcompression planetary mixer)和冲击波/空化装置。可以通过多种方式进行干燥,诸如通过喷雾干燥、烘箱干燥、冷冻干燥、滚筒干燥、闪蒸干燥、流化床、真空干燥、散装干燥或热反应器干燥。干燥从组合物中去除水以得到被本领域技术人员识别为“干燥的”产品的产品。对于喷雾干燥,在水中分散挤出物以形成浆料,任选地经匀化,并然后经喷雾干燥。从喷雾干燥形成的干燥颗粒可以在需要的水性介质或溶液中重建,以形成本文所述的组合物、可食用食品和工业应用悬浮液。
使用稳定剂组合物的制剂
本发明的共磨碎的稳定剂组合物可以用作各种工业和消费用途的稳定剂。具体地,这些应用包括食品(例如,饮品)、药品、保健、农化和其他工业应用。
在干燥至粉末形式之后,稳定剂组合物可以与水溶液混合以形成稳定的胶体悬浮液。使用本文所述的稳定剂组合物形成的可食用食品甚至能够在酸性pH条件下持续延长的时间提供稳定的胶体性质。
可食用食品的一些示例包括以下:悬浮液、调味汁(尤其是低pH/高盐类型)、经蒸煮的汤(retorted soups)、调味品(包含可勺取和可倾倒的调味品)、饮品(包含经热处理的那些,例如,通过巴氏杀菌或超巴氏杀菌,或使用超高温(UHT)或高温短时间(HTST)或蒸煮工艺热处理、UHT和蒸煮处理的蛋白和营养饮品、UHT处理的低pH基于蛋白的饮品、UHT钙强化的饮品、UHT基于牛奶的饮品)、UHT和蒸煮处理的奶油、低pH冷冻甜品(例如,冰冻果子露)、脱气的食品系统、基于牛奶和非牛奶的发酵产品(酸奶油、酸奶)、和焙烤食品馅(bakery fillings)或奶油。含有本发明的稳定剂组合物的饮品的更具体的示例包括乳饮品,例如,含有牛奶的乳饮品(包含低脂和脱脂牛奶)与诸如巧克力牛奶和草莓牛奶的风味牛奶,以及含有诸如大豆蛋白和坚果蛋白的植物蛋白。
在食品中,稳定剂组合物的使用水平的范围可以是总食品的约0.05重量%-约3.5重量%,并且在一些情况下可以是总食品的0.2重量%-2重量%。
食品也可以包含其他可食用成分,例如,蔬菜或水果原浆、矿物盐、蛋白源、果汁、酸化剂、甜味剂、缓冲剂、pH改性剂、稳定盐或其组合。本领域技术人员会认识到也可以加入任意数量的其他可食用组分,例如,额外的调味剂、着色剂、防腐剂、pH缓冲液、营养补充剂和加工助剂等。额外的可食用成分可以是可溶的或不溶的,并且,如果是不溶的话,其可以在食品中悬浮。
一些可含有本发明的稳定剂组合物的可食用食品可以包括蛋白和/或果汁(例如,含有固体的果汁(诸如原浆)和易于通过加入稳定剂组合物稳定化的果肉饮料(nectar))。在此类仅具有果汁或仅具有蛋白的掺混物中,在饮品掺混物中使用的稳定剂组合物的组成和稳定剂组合物的量可能需要因此调节以维持需要的稳定性结果。这样的组合物的常规调节完全在本领域技术人员的能力内并且落入本发明的范围和目的中。这些可食用的食品可以是干混合产品(速溶调味汁、肉汁、汤、速溶可可饮品等)、低pH乳品体系(酸奶油/酸奶、酸奶饮料、稳定化的冷冻酸奶等)、烘焙食品、和在非水性食品体系和低水分食品体系中的膨胀剂。
合适的包含稳定剂组合物的汁包括果汁(包含但不限于柠檬汁、青柠汁和橙汁,包括各种变体诸如柠檬水、青柠水或橘子水,白葡萄汁和红葡萄汁、葡萄柚汁、苹果汁、梨汁、蔓越莓汁、蓝莓汁、覆盆子汁、樱桃汁、菠萝汁、石榴汁、芒果汁、杏汁或果肉饮料、草莓汁、猕猴桃汁)和蔬菜汁(包括但不限于番茄汁、胡萝卜汁、芹菜汁、甜菜汁、欧芹汁、菠菜汁和莴苣汁)。汁可以是任意形式,包含液体、固体或半固体形式,诸如胶或其他浓缩物、冰或果汁冰糕、或粉末,并且也可以含有悬浮的固体。
在另一个实施方式中,水果风味的或其他甜味物质,包含天然风味的、人工风味的物质,或具有其他天然风味的那些物质(“WONF”)可以替代果汁使用。这样的水果风味的物质也可以是液体、固体或半固体的形式,诸如粉末、胶或其他浓缩物、冰、或果汁冰糕,并且也可以含有悬浮的固体。
适于包含稳定剂组合物的可食用食品的蛋白包括食物蛋白和氨基酸,其可以有益于哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行类和鱼类。食物蛋白包括动物或植物蛋白及其片段或衍生物。动物衍生的蛋白包括牛奶和牛奶衍生的产品,诸如重奶油、轻奶油、全脂牛奶、低脂牛奶、脱脂牛奶、包含蛋白强化牛奶的强化牛奶、包括过热的和/或冷凝的、变甜的或未变甜的脱脂牛奶或全脂牛奶的加工的牛奶和牛奶产品、包括全脂奶粉和脱脂奶粉(NFDM)的干燥的奶粉、酪蛋白和酪蛋白酸盐、乳清和诸如乳清浓缩物、脱乳糖乳清、去矿化乳清、乳清蛋白分离物的乳清衍生的产品。也可以使用蛋或蛋衍生的蛋白。植物衍生的蛋白包含坚果和坚果衍生的蛋白,高粱,豆科和豆科衍生的蛋白诸如大豆和大豆衍生产品诸如未处理的新鲜大豆、豆浆(fluidsoy)、大豆浓缩物、大豆分离物、大豆粉,和水稻蛋白,及其全部的形式或部分。可以任意可购得的形式使用食物蛋白,包含液体、冷凝的或粉末化的。然而,当使用粉末化的蛋白来源时,可能希望在用稳定剂组合物和汁掺混之前预水合蛋白来源用于增加所得饮品的稳定性。当蛋白与果汁或蔬菜汁联合加入时,使用的量取决于需要的最终结果。蛋白的通常量的范围为每份8盎司的诸如饮品的所得稳定可食用食品约1-约20克,但是可以根据应用更高。
可以用于其他产品和应用的本发明的组合物或稳定剂组合物包含工业悬浮液。在一些实施方式中,工业悬浮液包含适用于药品、化妆品、个人护理产品、农业产品或化学制剂的本发明的组合物。应用的一些示例包含用作用于口服剂型的赋形剂,诸如片剂和可咀嚼片剂,药物活性物(诸如APAP、阿司匹林、布洛芬等)的掩味;悬浮剂;药品应用中的控释剂;食品、药品和农业应用中的调味剂和营养成分的递送系统;直接压制的缓释剂,其可以诸如片剂、膜或悬浮液的药品剂型使用;增稠剂,其可以泡沫、乳膏、和洗剂用于个人护理应用;悬浮剂,其可以在陶瓷、着色剂、化妆品和口腔护理中与颜料和填料一起使用;陶瓷中的材料;用于包括杀虫剂的农药和其他农业产品的递送系统。
作为在以下的实施例中使用的对照,在以下的示例中,在本发明的相同挤出条件下,测试了共磨碎的市售MCC和高DS-中等粘度CMC(含有或不含第二CMC)。所有的市售对照样品都没有通过巧克力食品测试。也通过下面的实施例显示了包含其他高DS CMC(但是具有较高粘度)的市售的胶体MCC产品与本发明在食品应用性能中的比较。
另外,如下面的实施例所证明,随着CMC粘度超过200cp进入高DS-中等粘度范围,如对照所示(实施例15-16),在对照磨碎/挤出条件下制备的样品在食品测试中立即失败。
如果需要,可以向MCC/高DS CMC混合物中加入胶体MCC/CMC(诸如CL611或RC591)的干粉,并且一起磨碎/挤出,以产生如下面的实施例中的一个所示的食品功能产品。辅助磨碎的额外策略可以包括带有直接冷却(其通过加入干冰(冷冻CO2)、液氮、液氨等进行)的共磨碎/共挤出。另一个方法包括将铵盐加入/溶解到MCC/高DS CMC混合物中,其会冷却混合物(尤其是在磨碎或挤出期间),并且使得挤出物更易于磨碎或挤出。铵盐也可以抑制分散体粘度,促进喷雾干燥中更高固体的干燥。如果是散装干燥,胶体MCC产品会是松散和更为多孔的(这是由于铵盐的分解/喷出所导致的)。最终,存在一个另外的优势,即铵盐会喷出并且在终产品中没有盐残留。铵盐可以包括任意水溶性的无机盐,诸如,但不限于碳酸铵、碳酸氢铵、氯化铵、硫酸铵和磷酸铵等。铵盐也可以包括任意水溶性的有机盐,诸如,但不限于乙酸铵、柠檬酸铵、乳酸铵、甲酸铵、酒石酸铵、草酸铵和抗坏血酸铵等。碳酸氢铵和碳酸氨是优选的盐。
从下面的详述和所附权利要求很容易了解前述的实施方式的其他特征和优点。公开的实施方式仅仅是示例性和说明性的并不认为是对本发明的限制。除非另有说明,本文使用的所有部分、百分比、比例等以重量计。
实施例
使用RVT粘度仪,在合适的心轴(通常1-4)、20rpm和20-23℃下,得到以下测试的共磨碎的组合物的布氏粘度。测试粘度以确定初始粘度和24小时后的凝固粘度。
“胶强度(G′)”是指系统的可逆储存的能量(弹性模量G′)并且与本文的组合物相关,是纤维素浓度的函数。使用TA-Instruments流变仪(ARES-RFS3),在1Hz的振动应变扫描、20℃、1.8mm的间隙尺寸下,在2.6%固体(去离子)水分散体中24小时后进行实施例中的测量。
实施例1-7(MCC/具有<25cp的低粘度的高DS CMC,
Ambergum1221)
实施例1:与高DS-低粘度CMC磨碎的MCC
通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Ambergum1221CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市(Wilmington,DE,USA))以85∶15重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过具有足够的操作属性的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料在2500-3000psi下经过Manton Gaulin匀浆器并且在三足喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出520cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1030cp的凝固粘度。
实施例2:与高DS-低粘度CMC磨碎(Ambergum1221)的MCC
该测试大致按照实施例1进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为80%∶20%并且MCC湿饼固体水平经脱水至约42%以外。当干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出280cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后680cp的凝固粘度。在24小时后测量2.6%固体分散体并且展现出18Pa的胶强度G’。得到64.2%的胶体含量。
实施例3:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和低DS-低粘度
CMC(7LF)共磨碎的MCC
MCC与两种类型的CMC:Ambergum1221(高DS,低粘度CMC)和Aqualon7LF CMC(低DS,低粘度CMC)共磨碎。MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:14%Ambergum1221:6%Aqualon7LF CMC。通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Ambergum1221CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市)以及Aqualon7LF CMC以80∶14∶6重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过具有足够的操作属性的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料然后在三足喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出1000cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后3000cp的凝固粘度。在24小时后测量2.6%固体分散体并且展现出50Pa的胶强度G’。得到85.7%的胶体含量。
实施例4:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和低DS-低粘度
CMC(7LF)共磨碎的MCC
该测试按照实施例3进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为84%MCC:12%Ambergum1221:4%Aqualon7LF CMC以外。当干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出1000cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后2600cp的凝固粘度。
实施例5:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和低DS-中等粘
度CMC(7MF)共磨碎的MCC
该测试按照实施例3进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:14%Ambergum1221:6%Aqualon7MF CMC以外。当干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出3400cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后3600cp的凝固粘度。在24小时后测量2.6%固体分散体并且展现出100Pa的胶强度G’。得到91.1%的胶体含量。
实施例6:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和低DS-中等粘
度CMC(7MF)共磨碎的MCC
该测试按照实施例3进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:15%Ambergum1221:5%Aqualon7MF CMC以外。当干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出2425cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后4000cp的凝固粘度。
实施例7:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和低DS-中等粘
度CMC(7MF)共磨碎的MCC
MCC与两种类型的CMC:Ambergum1221(高DS,低粘度CMC)和Aqualon7MF CMC III(低DS,中等粘度CMC)共磨碎。MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:15%Ambergum1221:5%Aqualon7MF CMC。通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其然后混合并且在中试规模设定的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机中挤出。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料然后经喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出1800cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后3150cp的凝固粘度。在24小时后测量2.6%固体分散体并且展现出55Pa的胶强度G’。
实施例8-12(MCC/具有>25cp,<100cp的低粘度的高DS CMC)
实施例8:与高DS-低粘度CMC磨碎的MCC(Aqualon12LF#17)
在该实施例中使用的高DS低粘度CMC具有38cp的粘度和DS1.28(Aqualon12LF#17)。该测试按照实施例2进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:20%Aqualon12LF CMC以外。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出800cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后850cp的凝固粘度。得到37%的胶体含量。
实施例9:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Aqualon12LF#17)和低DS-低粘
度CMC(7LF)共磨碎的MCC
MCC与两种类型的CMC:Aqualon12LF#17(1.28DS,粘度38cp)和Aqualon7LF CMC(低DS,低粘度CMC)共磨碎。MCC∶CMC之比为80%(MCC):14%(Aqualon12LF#17):6%(Aqualon7LF CMC)。通过酸水解蒸煮得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Aqualon12LF#17CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市)以及Aqualon7LF CMC以80∶14∶6重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过具有足够的操作属性的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料然后在三足Bowen喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出600cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后2050cp的凝固粘度。得到61.5%的胶体含量。
实施例10:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Aqualon12LF#24)和低DS-低粘
度CMC(7LF)共磨碎的MCC
MCC与两种类型的CMC:Aqualon12LF#24(1.30DS,粘度36cp)和Aqualon7LF CMC(低DS,低粘度CMC)共磨碎。MCC∶CMC之比为80%(MCC):14%(Aqualon12LF#24):6%(Aqualon7LF CMC)。通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Aqualon12LF#24CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市)以及Aqualon7LF CMC以80∶14∶6重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过具有足够的操作属性的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料然后在三足Bowen喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出275cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1600cp的凝固粘度。得到55.7%的胶体含量。
实施例11:与其他类型的高DS-低粘度CMC(Aqualon12LF#24)磨
碎的MCC
该测试按照与实施例2相同的方式进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为85%MCC:15%Aqualon12LF#24CMC,并且在挤出期间,加入干冰(挤出物干重的30重量%)以直接冷却挤出物以外。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出1000cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1125cp的凝固粘度。
实施例12:MCC:高DS-低粘度CMC(Aqualon12LF#17)
MCC与Aqualon12LF#24(1.30DS,粘度36cp)和RC-591的干粉共磨碎。RC591的干粉的使用增强了挤出强度。通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Aqualon12LF#24CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市)以及RC-591分别以64∶16∶20重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过具有足够的操作属性的同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散所得的挤出物。所得的浆料然后在三足喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出2750cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后2600cp的凝固粘度。得到86.9%的胶体含量。
实施例13:与高DS-低粘度CMC(Ambergum1221)和高DS-中等粘
度CMC(12M8F)共磨碎的MCC
该测试按照实施例3进行,除了MCC∶CMC之比为80%MCC:14%Ambergum1221:6%Aqualon12M8F CMC以外。当在去离子水中以2.6%固体分散时,其在室温下展现出1000cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1500cp的凝固粘度。得到64.9%的胶体含量。
比较例(14-17)
实施例14:在对照条件下与高DS中等粘度CMC(12M8F)磨碎的
MCC
通过酸水解得到MCC湿饼。其经脱水至41.6%的固体水平。在Hobart混合器中,MCC湿饼与Aqualon12M8F CMC(阿旭兰德公司,美国特拉华州威名顿市)以80∶20重量份之比混合数分钟。混合物经过同向旋转双螺杆挤出机数次。然后在去离子水中分散MCC∶CMC挤出物。所得的浆料然后在三足喷雾干燥器上喷雾干燥形成粉末。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出740cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1080cp的凝固粘度。由于严重沉降,在巧克力牛奶中的食品测试旋即失败。
实施例15:在对照条件下与高DS中等粘度CMC(12M8F)和低DS
CMC共磨碎的MCC
以与实施例14相似的方式进行该实验,除了在共磨碎/挤出期间使用两种类型的CMC以外。比率为80%MCC:10%12M8F:10%7LF CMC。当经喷雾干燥的MCC∶CMC粉末在去离子水中以2.6%固体再分散时,其在室温下展现出67cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后1260cp的凝固粘度。由于严重沉降和相分离,在巧克力牛奶中的食品测试旋即失败。
实施例16:含有高DS、中等粘度CMC和盐的市售的胶体MCC
市售的含有高DS、中等粘度CMC和盐(作为磨碎助剂)的胶体MCC以2.6%固体在去离子水中分散。其在室温下展现出1650cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后3250cp的凝固粘度。得到80%的胶体含量,其由水分散体在8250rpm下离心15分钟,然后由对干燥上清部分的重量分析确定。这种市售稳定剂被认为是性能最好的试剂的之一并且在本文中用作基准以比较本发明的稳定剂的性能(使用不同的CMC并且不含磨碎助剂)。
实施例17:含有低DS CMC市售的的胶体MCC(例如,
RC-591)
当在去离子水中以1.2%固体分散时,其在室温下展现出40-175cp的初始布氏粘度和24小时后800-1600cp的凝固粘度。
实施例18-21:食品应用
实施例18:UHT巧克力牛奶饮品
材料和方法:
使用以下制备UHT巧克力饮品的样品:A)实施例16中所述的市售的胶体MCC/高DS,中等粘度CMC(对照样品);B)实施例2中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC(本发明样品);C)实施例3中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-低粘度CMC的混合物(本发明样品);D)实施例4中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-低粘度CMC的混合物(本发明样品);E)实施例13中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和高DS-中等粘度CMC的混合物(本发明样品)。配方示于表1。
表1
样品A | 样品B | 样品C | 样品D | 样品E | |
成分 | 重量% | 重量% | 重量% | 重量% | 重量% |
牛奶-1.0%脂肪 | 91.35 | 91.35 | 91.35 | 91.35 | 91.35 |
糖 | 7.500 | 7.500 | 7.500 | 7.500 | 7.500 |
可可粉 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
样品A | 0.25 | ||||
样品B | 0.25 | ||||
样品C | 0.25 | ||||
样品D | 0.25 | ||||
样品E | 0.25 | ||||
总和 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
加工:
所有的粉末在一起干混,并且使用简单顶部混合设备(Lightnin混合器)与牛奶混合30分钟。各样品经过组装的MicroUHT/HTST直接和间接加工系统进行加工,以输送以下的温度顺序和持续时间。未加工的混合物首先被预加热至185°F,之后在最终加热器中立即间接蒸汽杀菌。所得的产物在284°F下保持6秒,之后冷却至150°F。采用两阶段匀化(2500第一阶段/500psi第二阶段)。灭菌的混合物进一步冷却至约70°F,其中产物充入在干净-填充罩(Clean-Fill Hood)和无菌产品出口内的1/4升的透明纳尔金瓶(nalgene bottle)中。一组瓶置于40°F下的冷储存中,而第二组置于环境温度(70°F)下的架子上。在1天、1周、2周、1个月和3个约的保存期时分析饮品的粘度、pH和物理稳定性。各测试周期由以下观察值组成。
表2:可见参数
表3:一个月观察
*使用LVF布氏粘度仪,在60rpm、心轴#1、70°F下测定的粘度
#使用LVF布氏粘度仪,在60rpm、心轴#1、40°F下测定的粘度
结论(一个月观察):在填充容器之后的前几个小时内经常观察到与巧克力饮品中的不稳定性相关的视觉缺陷。在用胶体微晶纤维素稳定化的UHT巧克力牛奶应用中,不稳定的最显著标志是可可颗粒的沉降。被用作对照和基准的市售样品A一致性地提供了具有最小粘度并且没有胶凝化标志的出色可可颗粒悬浮液。意外地发现本发明的样品B、C、D和E提供了与对照样品A相等的稳定性特征,没有揭示出沉降的标志和胶凝化的视觉标志。在冷藏条件的这样样品中,样品B显示出一些轻微的大理石条纹状,但仍然是有效的。样品C、D和E具有理想的稳定化。这些结果表明本发明的稳定剂提供了意外水平的稳定化并且与高性能市售产品相当。如表2所示实施的额外的测试显示样品A-E没有缺陷。
实施例19:UHT巧克力牛奶饮品
材料和方法:
使用以下制备UHT巧克力饮品的样品:A)实施例16中所述的市售胶体MCC/高DS,中等粘度CMC(对照样品);B)实施例6中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-中等粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品);C)实施例7中所述的中试规模制备的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-中等粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品)。配方示于表4。
表4
样品A | 样品B | 样品C | |
成分 | 重量% | 重量% | 重量% |
牛奶-1.0%脂肪 | 91.35 | 91.35 | 91.35 |
糖 | 7.500 | 7.500 | 7.500 |
可可粉 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
样品A | 0.25 | ||
样品B | 0.25 | ||
样品C | 0.25 | ||
总和 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
加工:
所有的粉末在一起干混并且使用简单顶部混合设备(Lightnin混合器)与牛奶混合30分钟。各样品经过组装的MicroUHT/HTST直接和间接加工系统进行加工,以输送以下的温度顺序和持续时间。未加工的混合物首先被预加热至185°F,之后在最终加热器中立即间接蒸汽杀菌。产物在284°F下保持6秒,之后冷却至150°F。采用两阶段匀化(2500第一阶段/500psi第二阶段)。灭菌的混合物进一步冷却至约70°F,其中产物充入在干净-填充罩(Clean-Fill Hood)和无菌产品出口内的1/4升的透明纳尔金瓶中。一组瓶置于40°F下的冷储存中而第二组置于环境温度(70°F)下的架子上。分析饮品的粘度、pH和物理稳定性。
视觉参数和尺度见述于表2。
表5:一周观察
样品A | 样品B | 样品C | |
环境储存粘度* | 10 | 19 | 14 |
冷藏粘度# | 13 | 21 | 14 |
沉降层 | #1 | 无 | 无 |
其他观察 | 无缺陷 | 无缺陷 | 无缺陷 |
*使用LVF布氏粘度仪,在60rpm、心轴#1、70°F下测定的粘度
#使用LVF布氏粘度仪,在60rpm、心轴#1、40°F下测定的粘度
结论(一周观察):样品A提供了良好的稳定性,没有胶凝化的标志并有一些可可颗粒的非常轻微(但可接受)的沉降。发现样品B和C提供了出色稳定性,没有沉降标志和胶凝化视觉标志。如表2所示实施的额外的测试显示样品A-C没有缺陷。结果,意外地发现在该实施例中测试的本发明的稳定剂优于高性能市售产品。
实施例20:UHT大豆饮品
材料和方法:
使用以下制备UHT大豆饮品的样品:A)来自实施例16的市售胶体MCC/高DS,中等粘度CMC;B)实施例2所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC(本发明的样品);C)实施例3所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-低粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品);D)实施例4所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-低粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品)。配方示于表6。
表6
加工:
向加热至167°F的水中加入分离的大豆蛋白、柠檬酸钠和600克糖。材料水合的同时用Silverson混合物温和混合以避免起泡。向混合物中加入胶体MCC稳定剂和200克的糖的干混物并搅拌5分钟。然后加入剩余的糖和TCP并另外搅拌5分钟。检测并记录pH。产物然后转移至组装的MicroUHT/HTST直接和间接加工系统,以输送以下的温度顺序和持续时间。未加工的混合物首先被预加热至176°F,之后在最终加热器中立即间接蒸汽杀菌。产物在284°F下保持6秒,之后冷却至150°F。采用两阶段匀化(2500第一阶段/500psi第二阶段)。灭菌的混合物进一步冷却至约70°F,其中产物充入在干净-填充罩(Clean-Fill Hood)和无菌产品出口内的1/4升的透明纳尔金瓶中。在4℃、20℃和30℃下保存瓶子。基于之前表2所述的可见参数和尺度分析饮品的稳定性(实施例20)。
结论(两周观察):样品B、C和D具有良好的功能和非常轻微的沉降(这样的沉降非常易于再分散),并且这样的结果与高性能市售样品A相当。如表2所示实施的额外的测试显示样品A-D没有缺陷。
实施例21:UHT大豆饮品
材料和方法:
使用以下制备UHT大豆饮品的样品:A)实施例16中所述的市售胶体MCC/高DS,中等粘度CMC(对照);B)实施例6中所述的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-中等粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品);C)实施例7中所述的中试规模的胶体MCC/高DS-低粘度CMC和低DS-中等粘度CMC的混合物(本发明的样品)。配方示于表7。
表7
加工:
向加热至75℃的水中加入分离的大豆蛋白、柠檬酸钠和300克糖。材料水合的同时用Silverson混合物温和混合以避免起泡。加入胶体MCC稳定剂和40克糖的干混物,同时混合。然后加入剩余的糖和TCP并允许混合。检测pH以确保大约pH7。产物然后转移至组装的UHT加工系统(板式热交换器SPX),以输送以下的温度顺序和持续时间。未加工的混合物首先预加热至80℃,之后在200巴下(150第一阶段/50第二阶段)上游匀化。混合物在140℃下加热持续5秒,之后冷却至10℃。无菌条件下将灭菌的产物充入250ml透明纳尔金瓶中。在4℃下保存瓶子。基于之前表2所述的可见参数和尺度分析饮品的粘度、pH和稳定性。
结论(一天观察):所有的样品都使得钙完美地悬浮。没有观察到缺陷。样品B和C甚至在明显较低的剂量下展现出较高的粘度,表明与高性能市售样品A相比意外地更好的稳定化。如表2所示实施的额外的测试显示样品A-C没有缺陷。
虽然参照特定实施方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本领域技术人员显然了解可在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下进行各种改变和改进。
Claims (19)
1.一种共磨碎的稳定剂组合物,所述组合物包括:(i)微晶纤维素和(ii)羧甲基纤维素,其中所述羧甲基纤维素具有0.95-1.5的取代度和低于100cp的粘度。
2.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物,其特征在于,所述粘度低于50cp。
3.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物,其特征在于,所述粘度低于25cp。
4.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物,其特征在于,所述微晶纤维素以所述稳定剂组合物中微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的总重量的60-96%的量存在,并且所述羧甲基纤维素以所述稳定剂组合物中微晶纤维素和羧甲基纤维素的总重量的4-40%的量存在。
5.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物,所述稳定剂组合物包括组分(iii)具有低至0.45至0.9的取代度的羧甲基纤维素或具有0.95-1.5的DS和200-4000cp的粘度的羧甲基纤维素中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的稳定剂组合物,其特征在于,所述组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素以所述稳定剂组合物的总重量的2-36%的量存在。
7.如权利要求5所述的稳定剂组合物,其特征在于,所述组分(iii)的具有0.45-0.9的DS的羧甲基纤维素具有200-4000cp的粘度或5-200cp的粘度。
8.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂,其特征在于,所述羧甲基纤维素具有1.0-1.5的取代度。
9.如权利要求5所述的稳定剂,其特征在于,所述稳定剂由所述微晶纤维素、所述组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素和所述组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素组成。
10.如权利要求1所述的稳定剂,其特征在于,所述稳定剂不含淀粉。
11.一种包括如权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物的食品。
12.如权利要求11所述的食品,其特征在于,所述食品是饮品。
13.如权利要求12所述的食品,其特征在于,所述饮品具有2-7的pH。
14.如权利要求13所述的食品,其特征在于,所述饮品包括牛奶蛋白或植物蛋白中的至少一种。
15.如权利要求14所述的食品,其特征在于,所述植物蛋白包括至少一种大豆蛋白或坚果蛋白。
16.如权利要求12所述的食品,其特征在于,所述稳定剂组合物以占所述饮品的总重量的0.05-3.5%的量存在。
17.一种包括权利要求1所述的稳定剂的工业组合物,其中所述工业组合物是药物组合物、兽用组合物、农业组合物或美容组合物。
18.一种制备权利要求1所述的稳定剂组合物的方法,所述方法包括:a)混合所述微晶纤维素和组分(ii)的羧甲基纤维素;b)共磨碎步骤a)的混合物;以及c)对步骤b)的挤出物进行干燥。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,所述方法包括在步骤a)中混合所述所述权利要求5的组分(iii)的羧甲基纤维素。
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CN104311675A (zh) * | 2014-10-08 | 2015-01-28 | 王天黎 | 一种机械力制备亚微米、纳米纤维素的方法 |
CN111138720A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-12 | 牡丹江霖润药用辅料有限责任公司 | 一种高效的纤维素胶体稳定剂 |
CN111138720B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-03-04 | 牡丹江霖润药用辅料有限责任公司 | 一种高效的纤维素胶体稳定剂 |
CN115746409A (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2023-03-07 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | 肉替代物及其制备方法、测试制冷设备性能的方法 |
CN115746409B (zh) * | 2021-09-02 | 2024-06-11 | 青岛海尔电冰箱有限公司 | 肉替代物及其制备方法、测试制冷设备性能的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2787837B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 |
US9828493B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
EP2787836A4 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
EP2787837A4 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
US20140364514A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
PL2787837T3 (pl) | 2017-09-29 |
BR112014013792B8 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
ES2628612T3 (es) | 2017-08-03 |
CN103987273B (zh) | 2018-07-27 |
BR112014013792B1 (pt) | 2020-09-15 |
BR112014013695B1 (pt) | 2020-11-10 |
US8927609B2 (en) | 2015-01-06 |
WO2013085810A3 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
WO2013085809A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
BR112014013695A8 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
BR112014013792A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
CN103987273A (zh) | 2014-08-13 |
BR112014013792A8 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
BR112014013695A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
EP2787837A2 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
US20130150462A1 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
WO2013085810A2 (en) | 2013-06-13 |
EP2787836A1 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
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