CN103734095A - Indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday - Google Patents
Indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Disclosed is an indoor artificial reproduction method of monoparasitism apanteles ruficrus haliday. The method includes the steps of host breeding and bee breeding; host breeding refers to taking prodenia litura larvae of two to three years old as reproduction hosts, transferring part of the larvae into an environment of 6 DEG C for breeding to be old larvae for pupation, and forming generation overlapping of host larvae; bee breeding includes bee inoculating, cocoon management, adult bee management the like, bee inoculating refers to placing leaves with traces formed by gnawing of the host larvae and five healthy prodenia litura larvae of two to three years old in a flat-bottom test tube of 2x10cm for inoculating for 2 hours, and cocoon and adult bee management needs to be performed under relatively proper conditions and needs to be matched with corresponding management technology. The indoor artificial reproduction method is easy to get in materials, high in reproduction rate and high in stability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and forestry injurious insect biological control field, relate to a kind of indoor artificial propagation method of natural enemy insect dominant population, be specifically related to the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee.
Background technology
Along with the improvement of social development and economic technology condition, the improvement method of insect is from traditional Natural control and cultural control method, to the chemical control method adopting decades after World War II, then to the integrated pest management after 20 century 70s, form gradually theoretical system, and obtained extensive approval.
In integrated pest management thought, biological control is an indispensable part, it makes full use of natural controlling factors (as natural enemy etc.), coordinates various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, integrated control is brought up to a kind of control of insect means of carrying out integrated management take the ecosystem as unit.
In recent years, utilizing ecological method to prevent and treat the focus that agriculture and forestry injurious insect disaster is insect prevention and control, is also an important component part of integrated pest management and utilize parasitic wasp to control pest population.
The research of parasitic wasp for a long time with respect to the research of other agriculture and forestry injurious insects also in relatively backward level, this may be the use due to a large amount of chemical agents, when having controlled insect, also jeopardized the growth and breeding of parasitic wasp, make parasitic wasp population always in reduced levels.Certainly, current many new chemical medicaments have done very large improvement on controlling object, by the previous injury of the large area to all insects, become present insect selectivity preventive and therapeutic effect, and natural enemy has adequately protected.But at occurring in nature, parasitic wasp and its insect host were exactly interdependence originally, and the large area of pest population withers away and also can cause the minimizing of parasitic wasp population to be even destroyed.Therefore protect insect natural enemy also need start with from multiple angles.
The measure of protection natural enemy has a lot, but in a long-term region of using chemical control means, or the natural enemy groupy phase originally existing at occurring in nature is to less, by artificial safeguard measure, parasitic wasp population is protected more effective.Artificial safeguard measure must be based upon on indoor artificial propagation parasitic wasp technology, also will fully take into account the correlation of seasonality, cyclically-varying and the parasitic wasp population of pest activity.Parasitic wasp population and pest population, in the process of long-run development, can form dynamic equilibrium, and the parasitic wasp population of artificial propagation can play good supplementary function.The indoor artificial propagation of parasitic wasp can guarantee the continuity of control of insect, and, in the seasons of a large amount of generations of insect, the parasitic wasp of artificial propagation can be rendered to field and go, and cooperatively interacts with parasitic wasp population under natural conditions, reaches the object of insect protected; Can there is to play less season the effect of protecting self population quantity level insect again.
China reaches its maturity for the research of parasitic wasp indoor artificial propagation technology at present.At occurring in nature, the breeding of parasitic wasp relies on its natural host, and parasitic wasp indoor artificial propagation also should fully take into account this characteristic of parasitic wasp, and therefore, the breeding of parasitic wasp also be unable to do without host's cultivation.Due to this dependence to host, the artificial propagation of parasitic wasp faces a following difficult problem: the first, and whether host's breeding has continuity; The second, parasitic wasp is small, and translational speed is fast, is difficult to find propagating materials suitable, convenient management to be bred.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: two problems that face for the artificial propagation of above-mentioned prior art parasitic wasp, take prodenia litura that can many generations of indoor continuous raising as host, take flat based tubes as propagating materials, and provide the artificial fecundation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, and the method step is as follows:
Host's cultivation: be take prodenia litura as host egg, comprise that larva cultivation, adult cultivate and ovum is hatched (those processes are all prior art).Get prodenia litura pieces of an egg and be placed on fresh vegetable leaf, in the climatic cabinate that 25-29 ℃, relative moisture are 70%, raise into the Spodoptera litura larvae in two or three ages; Wherein, part larva is used to the breeding of cocoon honeybee, another part larva is transferred in 6 ℃ of environment to raise to aged (five or six age) larva and, to pupate, forms the generation overlap of host larva with the vegetative period of this larva of staggering, guarantees all to have any period suitable worm to supply with the breeding of cocoon honeybee age.
Educate honeybee: comprise inoculation, the management of cocoon and the management of honeybee of honeybee, wherein,
The inoculation of honeybee: in 22-30 ℃, get 5 above-mentioned Spodoptera litura larvae and be placed on fresh vegetable leaf, take food after 10min, blade is put into breeding bee tube together with larva, then access a queen bee through mating, after breeding bee tube is sealed with double-deck hospital gauze, be placed horizontally in climatic cabinate; After 2h, queen bee is drawn, continued to access in the breeding bee tube that places larva and blade and carry out next round breeding; The breeding bee tube absorbent cotton connecing after honeybee seals, and uses artificial feed instead and feed larva, is cultured to out cocoon in climatic cabinate, within every three days, adds time foodstuff.Wherein, breeding bee tube is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes; Temperature in climatic cabinate is that 25-29 ℃, relative moisture are 70%.The pipe number that connects honeybee number of times and each inoculation can be determined as the case may be.
The management of cocoon: go out after cocoon, the larva in breeding bee tube and remaining foodstuff are removed, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in to temperature is to wait for bee eclosion in 25-29 ℃, the relative moisture climatic cabinate that is 70%.
The management of honeybee: hero (female) honeybee that need not be used for breeding and hero (female) honeybee that need to be used for breeding are taked different way to manages.
After bee eclosion, cotton balls is soaked with the hydromel of 40% volumetric concentration, with tweezers, extract after unnecessary liquid adherent cotton balls being fixed on hidden to honeybee pipe bottom, while hiding honeybee pipe to be inverted, no liquid flows down, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion; Again breeding bee tube is docked with the Tibetan honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, utilize honeybee to the detected by scent of honey and the upper property that becomes, the honeybee of emergence (is adopted to single head location mode, in a Tibetan honeybee pipe, only fills a drone or queen bee) by being incorporated in breeding bee tube to hide in honeybee pipe, then with double gauze, will hide honeybee channel closure; Be used for hero (female) honeybee breeding, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, after differentiation male and female, hide honeybee pipe than 1:1 preservation queen bee and drone, supply male and female mating by male and female by every, the queen bee through mating after 24h is used for breeding; And the honeybee that is temporarily not used in breeding is left in separately in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan, be placed in 6 ℃ of environment, honey cotton balls (being generally to change once for 24 hours) is changed in timing every day.While changing honey cotton balls, Tibetans honeybee pipe is stood upside down and makes honeybee become to going up, with tweezers, clamp the cotton balls that the hydromel of new use 40% volumetric concentration soaks and from bottom to top fill in flat tube wall from the mouth of pipe.Wherein, hiding honeybee pipe is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes.
The prodenia litura host larva that the present invention selects, a kind of omnivorousness pest, can take food 389 kinds of host plants of 109 section, tool has the following advantages in the present invention: the cultivation of host larva is simple and easy, survival rate is high, and fertility is strong, and generation overlap is obvious, the of the right age larva that can provide parasitic wasp to lay eggs in each period, make parasitic wasp raise stable, continuity is strong.
The host density that connects honeybee time and 5 larvas for 2 hours that the present invention adopts, what coordinate the flat based tubes of 2 × 10cm and gnawed by host larva that the blade of vestige forms connects honeybee environment, through lot of experiments, prove, in the method, parasitic wasp can gnaw vestige and host larva ight soil carries out high efficiency searching parasitic behavior and lays eggs by blade, guaranteed that the fertilized egg in parasitic wasp nature lower body can effectively discharge within one day, guaranteed the efficient breeding of parasitic wasp.
The present invention has fully taken into account the biological habit of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, property as upper in becoming of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, and in the present invention, the horizontal positioned of breeding bee tube is exactly to have avoided the upper property of becoming of cocoon honeybee, and cocoon honeybee can fully be contacted with host larva, completes and lays eggs; Traditional test tube is all with absorbent cotton sealing, and the present invention seals with double-deck hospital gauze, and the habit of having avoided cocoon honeybee to bore seam, prevents that cocoon honeybee is because creeping into the absorbent cotton seam death of filling in the mouth of pipe; The cotton ball that the hydromel of 40% volumetric concentration soaks can effectively provide required nutrition in cocoon honeybee one day, and through evidence, the hydromel of the 40% volumetric concentration honeybee longest-lived under feeding, utilizes the habit of cocoon honeybee on becoming can also make the replacing of hydromel cotton balls simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the artificial fecundation method flow chart of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee of the present invention.
Embodiment
With embodiment, illustrate propagation method of the present invention below, in conjunction with reference to figure 1.
1, the breeding of prodenia litura:
Get 3-4d(be about to hatching) some (the each pieces of an egg 1cm of prodenia litura pieces of an egg
2, approximately have 150 ovum), be placed on fresh cotton leaf, in 27 ± 2 ℃, the climatic cabinate of relative moisture 70%, wait for hatching.After hatching one age Spodoptera litura larvae on cotton leaf, troop and gnaw, every day, routine observation change jaundice and become withered blade, cultivated after 7 days, Spodoptera litura larvae was grown to about two or three ages, can be for inoculating parasitic wasp.Get the Spodoptera litura larvae of 100 left and right, be sub-packed in some containing in the insect box of artificial feed, raise in 6 ℃ of refrigerators, and add foodstuff every day, remaining Spodoptera litura larvae is still fed for numerous honeybee with fresh cotton leaf.
2, the breeding of honeybee:
At 22-30 ℃, get prodenia litura third-instar larvae some, be positioned on fresh blade, after it takes food 10min, 5 larvas of picking, cut the blade that it is gnawed, together with these 5 larvas, put into 2 × 10cm breeding bee tube (flat based tubes), prepare altogether 30 pipes and place the breeding bee tube of larva and blade.Then in a queen bee through mating of first breeding bee tube access, double-deck hospital gauze sealing, is placed horizontally in climatic cabinate.After 2h, this breeding bee tube is taken out, queen bee is introduced to second breeding bee tube, carry out next round breeding, carry out according to this, until all breeding bee tubes all connect honeybee, complete, if this queen bee death, interchangeable another is proceeded through the queen bee of mating.The breeding bee tube absorbent cotton that has connect honeybee seals, and changes with artificial feed and feeds larva, in climatic cabinate (temperature is that 25-29 ℃, relative moisture are 70%), cultivate, and a foodstuff of interpolation in every 3 days, and record larva and go out cocoon situation.By parasitic Spodoptera litura larvae, started cocoon after 7d, 8-9d reaches cocoon peak.While going out cocoon, larva of bee gets out and starts to weave silk in last two uromeres of host, forms honeybee cocoon after 15min.
Connect honeybee 3-4 time every day, each 5-10 pipe, determines as the case may be.
3, the management of cocoon:
Go out after cocoon, the larva in breeding bee tube and residue foodstuff are removed, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in 27 ± 2 ℃, the climatic cabinate of relative moisture 70% and waits for bee eclosion.
4, the management of honeybee:
Go out the 7-9d after cocoon, honeybee sprouts wings in a large number.Prepare the cotton balls that the hydromel of some 40% volumetric concentrations soaks, with tweezers, extract unnecessary liquid, be fixed on hide honeybee pipe (2 × 10cm flat based tubes) bottom adherent till, no liquid flows down when being inverted test tube, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion.Breeding bee tube is docked with hiding the honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, utilize honeybee to the detected by scent of honey and the upper property that becomes, the honeybee of emergence is hidden in honeybee pipe by being incorporated in breeding bee tube, hide in honeybee pipe for one and only fill a drone or queen bee, then with double gauze, will hide honeybee channel closure.Be used for hero (female) honeybee breeding, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, distinguish after male and female, hide honeybee pipe for every and than 1:1 preservation queen bee and drone, supply male and female mating by male and female, after 24h, through the queen bee of mating, can be used for breeding.Temporarily do not need the honeybee for breeding to leave separately Tibetan honeybee pipe in, be placed in 6 ℃ of environment and preserve, every 24 hours, change honey cotton balls.While changing honey cotton balls, only flat based tubes need be stood upside down and make honeybee become upper, with tweezers, clamp the cotton balls that the hydromel of new use 40% volumetric concentration soaks and from bottom to top fill in flat tube wall from the mouth of pipe.
Experiment showed, the breeding of carrying out solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee by the inventive method, material easily obtains, and reproduction rate is high, and the breeding cycle is short, and stability is strong, is not subject to seasonal restrictions.
In order to prove can effectively to breed and maintain cocoon honeybee population with the present invention, applicant to the cocoon honeybee of first generation field acquisition to indoor propagation and maintain successful cocoon honeybee population algebraically and quantity is added up, and associated biomolecule is learned to index and analyze, result is as shown in table 1 below.As can be seen from the table, the cocoon honeybee of the negligible amounts of field acquisition, can be expanded numerous and be maintained indoor population by the inventive method, is not subject to seasonal restrictions, and population quantity is stable.
The cocoon honeybee quantity of table 1 from field acquisition to 4 generations of indoor continuous breeding
Note: 3 prodenia litura host larva endobiosis larva of bees that 3 honeybees in the 0th generation are field acquisition go out cocoon and sprout wings, and 1st generation was the 0th institute's generation in postpartum generation, and 2nd generation is 1st generation institute generation in postpartum, by that analogy.During due to each breeding, queen bee connects honeybee number of times situation difference, with single female when on average connecing honeybee number of times and representing this breeding each queen bee on average connect honeybee number of times.
Claims (4)
1. an indoor artificial propagation method for solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee, is characterized in that, the method step is as follows:
A. host cultivation: take prodenia litura as host egg, get prodenia litura pieces of an egg and raise into the Spodoptera litura larvae in two or three ages;
B. the inoculation of honeybee: in 22-30 ℃, 5 above-mentioned Spodoptera litura larvae are placed on fresh vegetable leaf, take food after 10min, blade is put into breeding bee tube together with larva, then access a queen bee through mating, after breeding bee tube is sealed with double-deck hospital gauze, be placed horizontally in climatic cabinate; After 1-2h, queen bee is drawn, continued to access in the breeding bee tube that places larva and blade and carry out next round breeding; The breeding bee tube absorbent cotton connecing after honeybee seals, and uses artificial feed instead and feed larva, is cultured to out cocoon in climatic cabinate; Wherein, breeding bee tube is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes; Temperature in climatic cabinate is that 25-29 ℃, relative moisture are 70%;
C. the management of cocoon: go out after cocoon, larva and feed are removed, cleaning larva ight soil, then breeding bee tube is stored in to temperature is to wait for bee eclosion in 25-29 ℃, the relative moisture climatic cabinate that is 70%;
D. the management of honeybee: after bee eclosion, cotton balls is soaked with the hydromel of 40% volumetric concentration, extract after unnecessary liquid adherent cotton balls being fixed on hidden to honeybee pipe bottom with tweezers, while hiding honeybee pipe to be inverted, no liquid flows down, cotton balls do not fall and be as the criterion; Again breeding bee tube is docked with hiding the honeybee pipe mouth of pipe, the honeybee of emergence is deposited by being incorporated into single head in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan in breeding bee tube, then with double gauze, will hide honeybee channel closure; For the honeybee breeding, in dissection Microscopic observation honeybee belly sexual organ form, differentiation male and female, preserve queen bee by male and female than 1:1 by every Tibetan honeybee pipe and drone supplies male and female mating, after 24h, through the queen bee of mating, are used for breeding; And the honeybee that is temporarily not used in breeding is left in separately in the honeybee pipe of Tibetan, be placed under 6 ℃ of environment and preserve, change honey cotton balls every day; Wherein, hiding honeybee pipe is 2 × 10cm flat based tubes.
2. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described a step, raise to the Spodoptera litura larvae part in two or three ages and be transferred to and in 6 ℃ of environment, raise to mature larvae to pupate, with the vegetative period of this larva of staggering, form the generation overlap of host larva.
3. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, in described a step, the Spodoptera litura larvae in two or three ages refers to that getting prodenia litura pieces of an egg is placed on fresh vegetable leaf, in the climatic cabinate that 25-29 ℃, relative moisture are 70%, raises to two or three ages.
4. the indoor artificial propagation method of a kind of solitary parasitism cocoon honeybee as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described d step, change honey cotton balls and be Tibetan honeybee pipe is stood upside down and makes honeybee become upper, with tweezers, clamp the cotton balls that the hydromel of new use 40% volumetric concentration soaks and from bottom to top fill in flat tube wall from the mouth of pipe.
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| CN104041462A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling diapause of microplitis syntretomorpha |
| CN105165734A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-23 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for mass reproduction of Bracon adoxophyesi Mimanikawa |
| CN105766804A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-20 | 中南林业科技大学 | Artificial breeding method of cotesia chilonis matsumura |
| CN105794727A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-27 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | Osmia cocoon breaking method |
| CN106942161A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-14 | 西南大学 | A kind of new foster mosquito device |
| CN107581161A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-16 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of indoor propagation method of Adoxophyes spp cocoon honeybee |
| CN108235970A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-07-03 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of scale expanding propagation method for crossing length of side body cocoon bee |
| CN109874753A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-14 | 广州蛰龙生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of insecticidal microorganism breeding transmission device and breeding transmission method |
| CN112535152A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-23 | 扬州大学 | Indoor propagation method of Aphidius gifuensis |
| CN113875704A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 | Indoor propagation method for hornet |
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| CN104041462A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling diapause of microplitis syntretomorpha |
| CN105165734A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2015-12-23 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Method for mass reproduction of Bracon adoxophyesi Mimanikawa |
| CN105165734B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-10-20 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | A kind of method of Adoxophyes spp cocoon honeybee biological control |
| CN105766804A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-07-20 | 中南林业科技大学 | Artificial breeding method of cotesia chilonis matsumura |
| CN105794727B (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-06-01 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | A kind of wall bee goes out cocoon method |
| CN105794727A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-27 | 镇远县醉美果业有限公司 | Osmia cocoon breaking method |
| CN106942161A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-14 | 西南大学 | A kind of new foster mosquito device |
| CN107581161A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-01-16 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of indoor propagation method of Adoxophyes spp cocoon honeybee |
| CN107581161B (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2020-04-03 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Indoor propagation method for braconid wasps with brown bands |
| CN108235970A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-07-03 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | A kind of scale expanding propagation method for crossing length of side body cocoon bee |
| CN109874753A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-06-14 | 广州蛰龙生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of insecticidal microorganism breeding transmission device and breeding transmission method |
| CN109874753B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-06-13 | 广州蛰龙生态科技股份有限公司 | Propagation device and propagation method for insecticidal microorganisms |
| CN112535152A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-23 | 扬州大学 | Indoor propagation method of Aphidius gifuensis |
| CN113875704A (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2022-01-04 | 湖北省生物农药工程研究中心 | Indoor propagation method for hornet |
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