CN103633037A - 封装结构及制造方法 - Google Patents

封装结构及制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103633037A
CN103633037A CN201210309071.0A CN201210309071A CN103633037A CN 103633037 A CN103633037 A CN 103633037A CN 201210309071 A CN201210309071 A CN 201210309071A CN 103633037 A CN103633037 A CN 103633037A
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杨望来
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AMBIT ELECTRONICS (ZHONGSHAN) Co Ltd
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Priority to US13/859,561 priority patent/US8981571B2/en
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Abstract

一种封装结构,包括基板、设于所述基板之顶面且与所述基板电性连接的电子元件及包覆所述电子元件的封胶体。所述基板对应所述电子元件之处设有多个排气通孔,所述排气通孔之内径自所述基板之顶面到所述基板之底面逐步缩小,所述排气通孔阻挡所述封胶体流出所述基板之底面。本发明提供的封装结构可有效防止电子元件与基板之间形成空洞。本发明还揭示一种封装结构制造方法,制程简单,制造成本低。

Description

封装结构及制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种封装结构及制造方法。
背景技术
现有技术中,一般的封装结构通常是在基板较大的接地焊垫处设置散热直通孔,所述散热直通孔均设有填充材料。当体积较大的电子元件,如倒装芯片封装于基板上时,在封胶过程中,由于散热直通孔设有填充材料,电子元件与基板之间存在的气体不易通过所述散热直通孔排出,从而使得电子元件与基板之间会存在空洞,进而影响所述封装结构的性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此,需提供一种封装结构及制造方法,可将电子元件与基板之间的气体排出,有效防止电子元件与基板之间形成空洞,且制程简单,能有效降低产品成本。
本发明一具体实施方式中提供的封装结构包括基板、设于所述基板之顶面且与所述基板电性连接的电子元件及包覆所述电子元件的封胶体。所述基板对应所述电子元件之处设有多个排气通孔,所述排气通孔之内径自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小,所述排气通孔阻挡所述封胶体流出所述基板之底面。
优选地,所述封胶体填充所述排气通孔,所述排气通孔之最小内径小于所述封胶体之填充颗粒的最小外径。
优选地,所述排气通孔具有光滑的内壁。
优选地,所述排气通孔呈台阶状。
优选地,所述排气通孔包括第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小。
本发明一具体实施方式中提供的一种封装结构制造方法包括:在基板上制作排气通孔,所述排气通孔之内径自所述基板之顶面沿底面逐渐缩小;将电子元件置于所述基板设有排气通孔之处并与所述基板电性连接;将封胶体包覆所述电子元件,所述封胶体填充所述排气通孔,且所述排气通孔阻挡所述封胶体流出所述基板之底面。
优选地,所述封装结构制造方法还包括在所述排气通孔之孔内壁电镀金属以使所述排气通孔具有光滑的内壁。
优选地,所述排气通孔之最小内径小于所述封胶体之填充颗粒之最小外径。
优选地,所述排气通孔呈台阶状。
优选地,所述排气通孔通过使用台阶状的钻头钻孔完成。
优选地,所述排气通孔包括第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小。
优选地,在基板上制作排气通孔之步骤包括以下步骤:
在所述基板上制作所述第一层孔;
在所述第一层孔的基础上制作所述第二层孔;及
在所述第二层孔的基础上制作所述第三层孔。
优选地,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔通过机械钻孔或镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式完成。
相较于现有技术,本发明的封装结构,通过在基板上设置内径逐渐缩小之排气通孔,电子元件之底面与基板之间存在的气体随着封胶体之模流流入所述排气通孔并排放出去,可有效防止电子元件与基板之间形成空洞。同时,所述封胶体之填充颗粒可止挡于所述排气通孔之最小内径处,堵塞并密封所述排气通孔,从而避免所述封胶体通过所述排气通孔流出至所述基板之底面。本发明的封装结构制造方法,制程简单,可有效降低产品的成本。
附图说明
图1所示为本发明一具体实施方式的封装结构截面示意图。
图2所示为图1之局部放大图。
图3所示为本发明在基板上制造排气通孔的示意图。
图4所示为将电子元件设于基板之排气通孔处并与基板电性连接的示意图。
图5所示为本发明之封装结构制造方法的一具体实施方式的流程图。
图6所示为在基板上制造排气通孔的一具体实施方式的流程图及相应之示意图。
主要元件符号说明
封装结构            100
基板                10
顶面                11
底面                12
焊垫                13
排气通孔            14
第一层孔            141
第二层孔            142
第三层孔            143
电子元件            20
芯片                21
被动元件            22
封胶体              30
树脂                31
填充颗粒            32
铜柱                40
焊锡                50
如下具体实施方式将结合上述附图进一步说明本发明。
具体实施方式
请参照图1,本发明之封装结构100包括基板10、设于基板10之顶面11且与基板10电性连接的电子元件20以及包覆所述电子元件20的封胶体30。所述基板10之顶面11及底面12均设有多个焊垫13,用于实现电子元件20与基板10之间的电性连接。本实施方式中,电子元件20包括芯片21和被动元件22,其中,芯片21通过铜柱40与基板10实现固定并电性连接,被动元件22通过焊锡50固定于基板10并与基板10电性连接。在其他实施方式中,电子元件20也可为其它体积较大的电子元件,如滤波器等。
基板10之对应电子元件20之处设有多个排气通孔14,所述排气通孔14之内径自所述基板10之顶面11沿所述基板10之底面12逐步缩小,所述排气通孔14阻挡所述封胶体30流出所述基板10之底面12。本实施方式中,参见图2,所述排气通孔14呈台阶状且包括第一层孔141、第二层孔142及第三层孔143。第一层孔141之内径d1、第二层孔142之内径d2、第三层孔143之内径d3自所述基板10之顶面11沿所述基板10之底面12逐步缩小,即d1>d2>d3。
本实施方式中,排气通孔14为三层台阶孔,在本发明之其它实施方式中,也可以根据产品的布局、基板10的厚度及封胶体30之填充颗粒32之最小外径大小调整排气通孔14之台阶层数。
请参照图2,封胶体30包括树脂31及多个均匀分布的具有不规则形状的填充颗粒32,在封胶的过程中,所述封胶体30填充于所述排气通孔14,且所述封胶体30之填充颗粒32止挡于所述排气通孔14之最小内径处,即止挡于所述第三层孔143处,从而堵塞并密封所述排气通孔14。本实施方式中,所述排气通孔14之最小内径小于所述封胶体30之填充颗粒32之最小外径,也就是说,所述封胶体30之填充颗粒32止挡于排气通孔14之第三层孔143处。
在封胶的过程中,封胶体30会沿着电子元件20之底面与基板10之间的空隙持续地注入到所述排气通孔14中,电子元件20之底面与基板10之间存在的气体会随着封胶体30之模流流入至所述排气通孔14中并通过所述排气通孔14排出至所述基板10之外。当封胶体30之填充颗粒32流入至所述排气通孔14的底部时,即流入所述排气通孔14之最小内径处时,由于所述排气通孔14之内径自所述基板10之顶面11沿所述基板10之底面12逐步缩小,且所述排气通孔14之最小内径小于所述填充颗粒32之最小外径,此时,所述填充颗粒32会止挡于所述排气通孔14之最小内径处,堵塞并密封所述排气通孔14,封胶体30填充所述排气通孔14。同时,部分即将流出于基板10之底面12之封胶体30之树脂31在外部气压的作用力下停留于所述排气通孔14之内部,从而防止封胶体30从排气通孔14中流出至所述基板10之底面12。
封胶体30止挡于排气通孔14之内部,可以节省后续对基板10之底面12残余封胶体30的清理工序,从而可节省制造成本。
本发明的封装结构100,通过在基板10上设置内径逐渐缩小的排气通孔14,在封胶的过程中,电子元件20之底面12与基板10之间的气体通过所述排气通孔14排出,从而避免所述电子元件20与基板10之间产生空洞。所述封胶体30之填充颗粒32止挡于所述排气通孔14之最小内径处,堵塞并密封所述排气通孔14,从而防止所述封胶体30流出至所述基板10之底面12。同时,填充于所述排气通孔14中的封胶体30可增强封胶体30与基板10之间的结合力,防止封胶体30与基板10之间产生分层,从而提高封装结构的可靠性。
在本发明的其它实施方式中,所述排气通孔14具有光滑的内壁以防止电子元件20与基板10之间的气体在被完全排出之前所述排气通孔14被封胶体30堵塞,从而确保所述气体通过所述排气通孔14被完全排出于所述基板10之外。
图5所示为本发明之封装结构100制造方法的一具体实施方式的流程图。本发明之封装结构100制造方法,用于将电子元件20内埋于封胶体30内。所述封装结构100制造方法,包括如下步骤。
在步骤S210,在基板10上制作排气通孔14,如图3所示。所述排气通孔14之内径自所述基板10之顶面11沿底面12逐渐缩小。本实施方式中,所述排气通孔14包括第一层孔141、第二层孔142及第三层孔143,所述第一层、第二层及第三层孔141、142、143呈台阶状。也就是说,第一层孔141之内径d1、第二层孔142之内径d2、第三层孔143之内径d3自所述基板10之顶面11沿所述基板10之底面12逐步缩小,即d1>d2>d3,如图2所示。
在步骤S220,将电子元件20置于所述基板10设有排气通孔14之处并与所述基板10电性连接,请参照图4。
在步骤S230,采用封胶体30包覆所述电子元件20,请参照图1。本实施方式中,利用注胶成型技术将电子元件20固定及填埋于封胶体30内。在封胶的过程中,电子元件20之底面12与基板10之间存在的气体会随着封胶体30之模流流入至所述排气通孔14中并通过所述排气通孔14排出至所述基板10之外。由于所述排气通孔14之最小内径小于封胶体30之填充颗粒32之最小外径,所述封胶体30之填充颗粒32止挡于所述排气通孔14之最小内径处,堵塞并密封所述排气通孔14,从而防止所述封胶体30通过所述排气通孔14流出至所述基板10之底面12。最后产品经过烘烤、印字等制程后将产品切割成单颗的个体即可完成产品的制作。
请参照图6,所示为排气通孔14之一具体实施方式的制造流程图及制造过程示意图。本实施方式中,排气通孔14为三层台阶孔,在本发明之其它实施方式中,也可以根据产品的布局、基板10的厚度及封胶体30之填充颗粒32之最小外径大小调整排气通孔14之台阶层数。
在步骤S211,在基板10上制作第一层孔141。当产品叠合完成后,根据产品布局,在基板10制作第一层孔141。本实施方式中,第一层孔141之内径d1为150um~300um。在其它实施方式中,也可以根据产品的布局、基板10的厚度及封胶体30之填充颗粒32之最小外径大小调整所述第一层孔141之内径的大小。所述第一层孔141可以采用机械钻孔、镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式完成。
在步骤S212,在第一层孔141的基础上制作第二层孔142。本实施方式中,所述第二层孔142之内径d2为80um~200um。所述第二层孔142也可以采用机械钻孔、镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式完成。若采用钻孔的方式完成,则需要使用比制作第一层孔141更小的钻头或光圈来完成所述第二层孔142的制作。
在步骤S213,在第二层孔142的基础上制作第三层孔143。若所述第三层孔143为最后一层孔,则所述第三层孔143之内径尺寸不能太大以确保所述第三层孔143被封胶体30之填充颗粒32堵塞,防止封胶体30之树脂31流出基板10之底面12。本实施方式中,所述第三层孔之内径d3为20um~60um。所述第三层孔143也可以采用机械钻孔、镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式完成。若采用钻孔的方式完成,则需要使用比制作第二层孔142更小的钻头或光圈来完成所述第三层孔143的制作。
在步骤S214,在排气通孔14之孔内壁电镀金属。在排气通孔14之孔内壁电镀金属可以增加所述排气通孔14之内壁的光滑度,以防止气体被全部排除前所述排气通孔14被封胶体30堵塞。若排气通孔14的尺寸较大,则可省略此步骤。
在本发明其它实施方式中,所述排气通孔14也可使用台阶状的钻头进行钻孔或采用冲压的方法一步完成。
本发明的封装结构制造方法采用机械钻孔、镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式在基板10上设置内径逐步缩小之排气通孔14,并利用注胶成型技术将电子元件20内埋于封胶体30内,制程简单,制造成本低。

Claims (13)

1.一种封装结构,包括基板、设于所述基板之顶面且与所述基板电性连接的电子元件及包覆所述电子元件的封胶体,其特征在于,所述基板对应所述电子元件之处设有多个排气通孔,所述排气通孔之内径自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小,所述排气通孔阻挡所述封胶体流出所述基板之底面。
2.如权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述封胶体填充所述排气通孔,所述排气通孔之最小内径小于所述封胶体之填充颗粒的最小外径。
3.如权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述排气通孔具有光滑的内壁。
4.如权利要求1所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述排气通孔呈台阶状。
5.如权利要求4所述的封装结构,其特征在于,所述排气通孔包括第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小。
6.一种封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,包括:
在基板上制作排气通孔,所述排气通孔之内径自所述基板之顶面沿底面逐渐缩小;
将所述电子元件置于所述基板设有排气通孔之处并与所述基板电性连接;及
将封胶体包覆所述电子元件,所述封胶体填充所述排气通孔,且所述排气通孔阻挡所述封胶体流出所述基板之底面。
7.如权利要求6所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,还包括在所述排气通孔之孔内壁电镀金属以使所述排气通孔具有光滑的内壁。
8.如权利要求6所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,所述排气通孔之最小内径小于所述封胶体之填充颗粒之最小外径。
9.如权利要求6所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,所述排气通孔呈台阶状。
10.如权利要求9所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,所述排气通孔通过使用台阶状的钻头钻孔完成。
11.如权利要求9所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,所述排气通孔包括第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔自所述基板之顶面沿所述基板之底面逐步缩小。
12.如权利要求11所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,在基板上制作排气通孔之步骤包括以下步骤:
在所述基板上制作所述第一层孔;
在所述第一层孔的基础上制作所述第二层孔;及
在所述第二层孔的基础上制作所述第三层孔。
13.如权利要求12所述的封装结构制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一层孔、第二层孔及第三层孔通过机械钻孔或镭射钻孔或蚀刻的方式完成。
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