CN103597037A - 热塑性树脂组合物、树脂成型品和带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法 - Google Patents
热塑性树脂组合物、树脂成型品和带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103597037A CN103597037A CN201380001611.1A CN201380001611A CN103597037A CN 103597037 A CN103597037 A CN 103597037A CN 201380001611 A CN201380001611 A CN 201380001611A CN 103597037 A CN103597037 A CN 103597037A
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- thermoplastic resin
- resin composition
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- antimony
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Abstract
本发明提供具有高耐焊接热性能、镀覆特性(镀覆外观)优异、且进行熟化处理后反射率也高的热塑性树脂组合物。一种热塑性树脂组合物,其中,相对于(A)通过差示扫描量热测定(DSC)以10℃/分钟的升温速度测定的熔点为250℃以上的结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份,包含(B)玻璃填料10~80重量份、(C)波长450nm下的反射率为25%以上的激光直接成型添加剂1~30重量份、以及(D)氧化钛20~150重量份。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热塑性树脂组合物、尤其是激光直接成型用热塑性树脂组合物。此外,涉及将该热塑性树脂组合物成型而成的树脂成型品和在该树脂成型品的表面形成了镀层的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,发光二极管(LED)、有机EL等新光源发挥其低电力、高寿命等优点,作为照明、显示元件等的需求日益扩增。尤其是,LED用于手机等移动通信机器、显示器、汽车控制面板、信号机器、其它家电用品等各种用途。在这样的电气电子机器制品中,处于外观设计性、便携性等要求,轻薄短小化逐渐推进。
作为用于实现这种轻薄短小化的关键技术,表面安装技术(SMT)得以普及而用于多种电气电子机器制品。由此,电子基板的安装密度飞跃性地提高,从而实现了一直以来无法实现的那种轻薄短小化。
应用SMT时,为了对安装在电子基板上的整个部件进行焊接,则必须使用能够耐受焊接温度(230~240℃)的材料。作为能够用于这种用途的材料,已知有耐热性树脂组合物(例如,专利文献1)。
此处,作为对LED等直接形成能够实现三维设计的镀层的技术之一,激光直接成型(以下有时称为“LDS”)技术备受瞩目。LDS技术为下述技术:例如,对包含LDS添加剂的树脂成型品的表面照射激光,仅使照射了激光的部分活化,并对该活化的部分适用金属,由此形成镀层。该技术的特征在于不使用粘接剂等而能够在树脂基材表面制造金属结构体这一点。所述LDS技术例如公开于专利文献2~4等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2004-075994号公报
专利文献2:日本特表2000-503817号公报
专利文献3:日本特表2004-534408号公报
专利文献4:国际公开WO2009/141800号小册子
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
LED通常由用于发光的半导体部、引线、兼作壳体的反射器、用于密封半导体的透明密封剂构成。其中,反射器部分用陶瓷、耐热性树脂组合物等各种材料进行了制品化,但陶瓷在生产率方面存在问题,耐热性树脂组合物在注射成型工序、密封剂的热固化工序、实际使用环境下因变色而导致的光反射率的降低被视为问题。进而,将耐热性树脂组合物成型时,从提高机械强度和尺寸精度的观点出发,要求向所述组合物中添加玻璃填料。
本发明的目的在于,提供满足上述要求且解决了问题点的树脂组合物,目的还在于,提供包含玻璃填料、且具有高耐焊接热性能、镀覆特性(镀覆(Plating)外观)优异、且经过热熟化后反射率也高的热塑性树脂组合物。
用于解决问题的方案
基于所述状况,本发明人进行了深入研究,结果发现:在采用特定的热塑性树脂、玻璃填料以及特定的LDS添加剂的情况下,通过配混氧化钛,能够维持高反射率且提高镀覆性。并且,通过对各成分的配混量等进行深入研究,发现能够提供满足上述课题的热塑性树脂组合物,从而完成了本发明。
具体而言,通过以下的技术方案<1>、优选通过<2>~<25>来解决上述课题。
<1>一种热塑性树脂组合物,其中,相对于(A)通过差示扫描量热测定(DSC)以10℃/分钟的升温速度测定的熔点为250℃以上的结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份,包含(B)玻璃填料10~80重量份、(C)波长450nm下的反射率为25%以上的激光直接成型添加剂1~30重量份、以及(D)氧化钛20~150重量份。
<2>根据<1>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(A)结晶性热塑性树脂为聚酰胺树脂。
<3>根据<1>或<2>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和锡。
<4>根据<1>或<2>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和锡、且锡的含量比锑多。
<5>根据<1>或<2>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和氧化锡、且锡的含量比锑多。
<6>根据<1>或<2>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂以波长450nm下的反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部,且在中心部的表面的一部分或全部涂覆有包含锑和锡且锡的含量比锑多的组合物。
<7>根据<6>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,前述中心部的组合物包含金属氧化物。
<8>根据<1>~<7>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为1~20重量份的比例包含滑石。
<9>根据<1>~<8>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(D)氧化钛的平均一次粒径为1μm以下。
<10>根据<1>~<9>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(D)氧化钛为金红石型。
<11>根据<1>~<10>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(B)玻璃填料为选自短切纤维、研磨纤维、鳞片、珠以及空心微球中的至少1种。
<12>根据<1>~<11>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(B)玻璃填料为E玻璃。
<13>根据<1>~<12>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为0.01~5重量份的比例包含有机系或/和无机系热稳定剂。
<14>根据<13>所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,前述有机系或/和无机系热稳定剂基本上不含铜元素。
<15>根据<1>~<14>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为0.01~5重量份的比例包含有机系或/和无机系光稳定剂。
<16>根据<1>~<15>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(A)结晶性热塑性树脂是分子内包含芳香环、且构成芳香环的碳原子在聚酰胺树脂分子中所占的比例为30摩尔%以上的聚酰胺树脂。
<17>一种树脂成型品,其是将<1>~<16>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型而成的。
<18>根据<17>所述的树脂成型品,其还在表面具有镀层。
<19>根据<17>或<18>所述的树脂成型品,其为发光二极管装置部件。
<20>根据<19>所述的树脂成型品,其中,前述发光二极管装置部件具有作为反射板的功能。
<21>根据<18>或<19>所述的树脂成型品,其中,前述镀层具有作为导电电路的性能。
<22>一种带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其包括:对将<1>~<16>中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型而成的树脂成型品的表面照射激光后,利用金属形成镀层。
<23>根据<22>所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其中,前述镀层包含铜、镍、银以及金中的至少1种。
<24>根据<23>所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其中,前述镀层以多层结构使用。
<25>一种具有导电电路的发光二极管装置部件的制造方法,其包括<22>~<24>中任一项所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法。
发明的效果
本发明能够提供具有高耐焊接热性能、镀覆特性(镀覆外观)优异、进行热熟化后反射率也高的热塑性树脂组合物。
附图说明
图1是示出在树脂成型品的表面设置镀层的工序的示意图。图1中,1表示树脂成型品,2表示激光,3表示照射了激光的部分,4表示镀覆液,5表示镀层。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的内容进行详细说明。需要说明的是,本申请说明书中,“~”是以包含其前后所记载的数值作为下限值和上限值的含义使用。本说明书中的反射率在无特别说明的情况下是指波长450nm下的反射率。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的特征在于,相对于通过差示扫描量热测定(DSC)以10℃/分钟的升温速度测定的熔点为250℃以上的结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份,包含玻璃填料10~80重量份、波长450nm的反射率为25%以上的激光直接成型添加剂1~30重量份、以及氧化钛20~150重量份。
以下,针对本发明的各构成成分进行说明。
<(A)结晶性热塑性树脂>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的特征在于,通过差示扫描量热测定(DSC)以10℃/分钟的升温速度测定的熔点为250℃以上,优选熔点为255℃以上。上限没有特别限定,通常为350℃以下。通过使用这种树脂,可更有效地保持回流焊工序时的制品尺寸。
结晶性热塑性树脂是指明确具有晶体结构或能够结晶化的分子结构、显示非玻璃样特性的热塑性树脂,其具有能够测定的熔解热,显示明确的熔点。熔点和熔解热可以使用差示扫描量热测定装置、例如Perkin-Elmer,Inc.制造的DSC-II进行测定。即,将使用该装置测定的熔解热为1卡路里/克以上的热塑性树脂定义为结晶性热塑性树脂。熔点可以如下测定:使用差示扫描量热测定装置,以平均1分钟为10℃的升温速度,将试样加热至预想的熔点以上的温度,接着,将试样以平均1分钟为10℃的速度进行降温,冷却至20℃,以该状态放置约1分钟后,再次以平均1分钟为10℃的速度进行加热升温,从而测定。
作为结晶性热塑性树脂的具体例子,可列举出聚烯烃树脂、聚酯树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚苯硫醚树脂、聚酰胺树脂、液晶聚合物等,优选为聚酰胺树脂。结晶性热塑性树脂可以为单独一种,也可以为两种树脂的混合物。
作为聚酯树脂,可以参考日本特开2010-174223号公报的段落号0013~0016的记载。
作为聚缩醛树脂,可以参考日本特开2003-003041号公报的段落号0011、日本特开2003-220667号公报的段落号0018~0020的记载。
作为聚酰胺树脂,可以参考日本特开2011-132550号公报的段落号0011~0013的记载。优选二胺结构单元(来自二胺的结构单元)的50摩尔%以上为来自苯二甲胺的聚酰胺树脂。是二胺的50摩尔%以上来自苯二甲胺、且与二羧酸缩聚而成的苯二甲胺系聚酰胺树脂。
优选的是,二胺结构单元的70摩尔%以上、更优选80摩尔%以上来自间苯二甲胺和/或对苯二甲胺、且二羧酸结构单元(来自二羧酸的结构单元)的优选50摩尔%以上、更优选70摩尔%以上、特别是80摩尔%以上来自碳原子数优选为4~20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二羧酸的苯二甲胺系聚酰胺树脂。碳原子数为4~20的α,ω-直链脂肪族二元酸能够适宜使用己二酸、癸二酸、辛二酸、十二烷二酸、eicodionic acid等。
本发明中,特别优选的是,分子内包含芳香环、且构成芳香环的碳原子在聚酰胺树脂分子中所占的比例为30摩尔%以上的聚酰胺树脂。通过采用这种树脂,吸水率减少,其结果,可更有效地抑制吸水尺寸变化。
本发明中使用的结晶性热塑性树脂的玻璃化转变温度优选为40~180℃,更优选为60~130℃。
本发明中使用的结晶性热塑性树脂的数均分子量优选为5000~45000,更优选为10000~25000。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的结晶性热塑性树脂的配混量优选为50~100重量%,更优选为70~100重量%。
<(B)玻璃填料>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物包含玻璃填料。玻璃填料为选自短切纤维、研磨纤维、鳞片、珠以及空心微球中的至少1种,优选为短切纤维、研磨纤维、鳞片。
短切纤维是指将玻璃纤维切齐至1~10mm的纤维,研磨纤维是指将玻璃纤维粉碎至长度为10~500μm左右的纤维。作为玻璃纤维,日本电气硝子株式会社正在销售,可以容易地获取。
玻璃鳞片是指厚度为1~20μm、单边长度为0.05~1.0mm的鳞片状纤维,例如日本板硝子株式会社以“フレカ”的商品名进行市售,可以容易地获取。
另外,玻璃珠是指外径为10~100μm的球状纤维,例如,Potters BallotiniCo.Ltd(日文:東芝バロティーニ公司)以“EGB731”的商品名进行市售,可以容易地获取。
空心微球是指中空的玻璃珠,东海工业株式会社以“PZ6000”的商品名进行市售,可以容易地获取。
原料玻璃的组成优选为无碱的原料玻璃,例如可列举出E玻璃、C玻璃、S玻璃、R玻璃等,本发明中,优选使用E玻璃。
玻璃填料可以用例如γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷等硅烷偶联剂等进行表面处理,其附着量通常为玻璃填料重量的0.01~1重量%。进而,根据需要,还能够使用利用脂肪酸酰胺化合物、硅油等润滑剂、季铵盐等抗静电剂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯树脂等具有覆膜形成能力的树脂、具有覆膜形成能力的树脂与热稳定剂、阻燃剂等的混合物进行了表面处理的物质。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的玻璃填料的配混量相对于结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份为10~80重量份,优选为10~60重量份,更优选为15~50重量份,进一步优选为15~40重量份。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中,通常结晶性热塑性树脂和玻璃填料占到全部成分的50重量%以上。
<(C)激光直接成型添加剂>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物所包含的LDS添加剂的特征在于,其在波长450nm下的反射率为25%以上,反射率优选为50~100%,反射率进一步优选为60~100%。LDS添加剂可以仅使用一种,也可以合用两种以上。
本发明中的LDS添加剂是指下述化合物:相对于三菱瓦斯化学株式会社制造的PAMP6(在后述的实施例中合成的PAMP6)100重量份,添加认为是LDS添加剂的添加剂4重量份,使用波长1064nm的YAG激光,以输出功率10W、频率80kHz、速度3m/s进行照射,之后的镀覆工序利用无电解的MacDermid公司制造的M-Copper85的镀槽实施,对该激光照射面适用金属时,能够形成镀层的化合物。例如,假设在向上述树脂中加入添加剂的情况下,YAG激光的吸收差、树脂的表面未良好地烧蚀时,为了用激光烧蚀表面,也可以添加10~40重量份氧化钛来进行评价。
本发明中使用的LDS添加剂可以为合成品,也可以使用市售品。另外,市售品除了作为LDS添加剂市售的物品之外,只要满足本发明中的LDS添加剂的条件则也可以是作为其它用途销售的物质。公知的LDS添加剂多为黑色的物质,本发明中,还能够广泛采用不是黑色的LDS添加剂,因此能够给树脂成型品着色。
本发明中使用的LDS添加剂优选包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种,更优选包含锑和锡,进一步优选包含锑和锡、且锡的含量比锑多,特别优选包含锑和氧化锡、且锡的含量比锑多。另外,还可优选例示出包含氧化锑和氧化锡、且锡的含量比锑多的实施方式。
包含锑和锡时,其重量比优选为3.5:96.5~25:75,更优选为7.5:92.5~20:80。
进而,优选的是,本发明中使用的LDS添加剂以波长450nm下的反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部,且在中心部的表面的一部分或全部涂覆有包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物。更优选的是,以反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部,且在中心部的表面积的60%以上的区域涂覆有包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物。通过制成这种构成,包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物在表面露出的比例变多,即使是包含少量的铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物,也能够发挥高LDS效果。另外,构成中心部的组合物通过采用反射率为50%以上的组合物,可以实现本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的高反射率。
构成中心部的组合物的反射率更优选为80%以上。
构成中心部的反射率为50%以上的组合物优选包含金属氧化物,更优选包含二氧化硅、云母以及氧化钛中的至少1种,进一步优选包含二氧化钛。作为本发明的实施方式,可列举出构成中心部的反射率为50%以上的组合物的20重量%以上由金属氧化物(优选基本上仅由金属氧化物)组成的组合物的实施方式。所述金属氧化物优选为氧化钛。
用于涂覆的、包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物优选为包含锑和锡的组合物,更优选为包含锑和锡、且锡的含量比锑多的组合物,进一步优选为包含锑和氧化锡、且锡的含量比锑多的组合物。另外,还可优选例示出包含氧化锑和氧化锡、且锡的含量比锑多的组合物。
包含锑和锡时,其重量比优选为3.5:96.5~25:75,更优选为7.5:92.5~20:80。
LDS添加剂以反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部、且在中心部的表面的一部分或全部涂覆有包含铜、锡以及锑中的至少1种的组合物时,中心部的组合物与涂覆部分的组合物的重量比优选为40~90:60~10,更优选为70~90:30~10。
作为本发明中使用的LDS添加剂,可优选使用掺杂了锑的锡、以及掺杂了锑的氧化锡和掺杂了氧化锑的氧化锡、以及将它们中的1种涂布在以反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部的中心部的表面而成的添加剂。
LDS添加剂的平均粒径优选为0.01~50μm,更优选为0.05~30μm。通过制成这种构成,具有适用于镀层时的镀层表面状态的均匀性变得良好的倾向。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的LDS添加剂的配混量相对于结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份为1~30重量份,优选为3~25重量份,更优选为5~22重量份,进一步优选为8~20重量份。
<(D)氧化钛>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物包含至少1种的(D)氧化钛。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的(D)氧化钛的总配混量相对于(A)结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份为20~150重量份,优选为30~120重量份,进一步优选为50~100重量份,特别优选为50~80重量份。氧化钛的配混量不足20重量份时,加热处理后的反射率差。
作为氧化钛,在一般的市售品中,从白色度和隐蔽性的观点来看,优选使用含80重量%以上氧化钛的物质。
作为本发明中使用的氧化钛,例如可列举出一氧化钛(TiO)、三氧化二钛(Ti2O3)、二氧化钛(TiO2)等,可以使用这些之中的任意种,优选为二氧化钛。另外,作为氧化钛,优选使用具有金红石型晶体结构的氧化钛。
氧化钛的平均一次粒径优选为1μm以下,更优选在0.001~0.5μm的范围内,进一步优选在0.002~0.1μm的范围内。通过将氧化钛的平均粒径设为这种范围、将配混量设为上述范围内,能够得到赋予白色度高、表面反射率高的成型品的热塑性树脂组合物。
作为氧化钛,可以使用施加过表面处理的氧化钛。作为表面处理剂,优选为无机材料和/或有机材料。具体而言,可列举出二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锌等金属氧化物;硅烷偶联剂、钛偶联剂、有机酸、多元醇、有机硅等有机材料等。
另外,作为氧化钛,可以使用市售品。进而,也可以使用如下氧化钛:将块状氧化钛或平均粒径大的氧化钛适当粉碎,根据需要用筛等进行分级,从而达到上述平均粒径的氧化钛。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物可以在不损害本发明的效果的范围内进一步含有各种添加剂。作为这样的添加剂,可列举出滑石、热稳定剂、光稳定剂、碱、脱模剂、抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂、阻燃剂、染料颜料、荧光增白剂、抗滴落剂、抗静电剂、防雾剂、润滑剂、防粘连剂、流动性改良剂、增塑剂、分散剂、抗菌剂等。
另外,这些成分可以仅使用1种,也可以合用2种以上。
<滑石>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物可以包含滑石。本发明中,通过配混滑石,存在照射了激光的部分的镀覆性能提高的倾向。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的滑石的配混量相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份优选为1~20重量份,更优选为1.5~20重量份,进一步优选为2~15重量份,特别优选为2~10重量份。
<热稳定剂>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物还可以包含有机系和/或无机系热稳定剂,更优选包含有机系热稳定剂。
本发明中使用的热稳定剂优选基本上不含铜。基本上是指在检出限以下。通过这样地减少铜的配混量,能够抑制变色。
作为有机系热稳定剂,优选为选自由酚系化合物、亚磷酸酯系化合物、受阻胺系化合物、三嗪系化合物、以及硫系化合物组成的组中的至少1种。
作为热稳定剂,可以使用1种,也可以合用2种以上。
作为酚系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可列举出受阻酚系化合物。作为受阻酚系化合物,例如,可列举出N,N'-己烷-1,6-二基双[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰胺)、季戊四醇-四[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]、N,N'-六亚甲基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-氢化肉桂酰胺)、三乙二醇-双[3-(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]、3,9-双{2-[3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙炔氧基]-1,1-二甲基乙基}-2,4,8,10-四氧螺环[5,5]十一烷、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯-二乙基酯、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯以及1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰尿酸等。
作为亚磷酸酯系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可列举出三辛基亚磷酸酯、三月桂基亚磷酸酯、三癸基亚磷酸酯、辛基二苯基亚磷酸酯、三异癸基亚磷酸酯、苯基二异癸基亚磷酸酯、苯基二(十三烷基)亚磷酸酯、二苯基异辛基亚磷酸酯、二苯基异癸基亚磷酸酯、二苯基(十三烷基)亚磷酸酯、三苯基亚磷酸酯、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基-5-甲基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(丁氧基乙基)亚磷酸酯、4,4'-亚丁基-双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基-四-十三烷基)二亚磷酸酯、四(C12~C15混合烷基)-4,4'-异亚丙基二苯基二亚磷酸酯、4,4'-异亚丙基双(2-叔丁基苯基)·二(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(联苯基)亚磷酸酯、四(十三烷基)-1,1,3-三(2-甲基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丁烷二亚磷酸酯、四(十三烷基)-4,4'-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基)二亚磷酸酯、四(C1~C15混合烷基)-4,4'-异亚丙基二苯基二亚磷酸酯、三(单、二混合壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、4,4'-异亚丙基双(2-叔丁基苯基)·二(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)亚磷酸酯、氢化-4,4'-异亚丙基二苯基聚亚磷酸酯、双(辛基苯基)·双(4,4'-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯基))·1,6-己醇二亚磷酸酯、六(十三烷基)-1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)二亚磷酸酯、三(4,4'-异亚丙基双(2-叔丁基苯基))亚磷酸酯、三(1,3-硬脂酰氧基异丙基)亚磷酸酯、2,2-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯基)辛基亚磷酸酯、2,2-亚甲基双(3-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基)2-乙基己基亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基-5-甲基苯基)-4,4'-联苯基二亚磷酸酯、以及四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)-4,4'-联苯基二亚磷酸酯等。
作为亚磷酸酯系化合物,没有特别限定,例如也可列举出季戊四醇型亚磷酸酯化合物。作为季戊四醇型亚磷酸酯化合物,例如,可列举出2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·甲基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·2-乙基己基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·异癸基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·月桂基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·异十三烷基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·硬脂基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·环己基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·苄基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·乙基溶纤剂·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·丁基卡必醇·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·辛基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·壬基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·2,6-二叔丁基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·2,4-二叔丁基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·2,4-二叔辛基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基·2-环己基苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、2,6-二叔戊基-4-甲基苯基·苯基·季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔戊基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、以及双(2,6-二叔辛基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯等。
作为季戊四醇型亚磷酸酯化合物,优选为双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔戊基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、以及双(2,6-二叔辛基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯等,更优选为双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯。
作为受阻胺系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可列举出4-乙酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-丙烯酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(苯基乙酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苯甲酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-甲氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苄氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-苯氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(乙基氨基甲酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(环己基氨基甲酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-(苯基氨基甲酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-碳酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-草酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-丙二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-己二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-对苯二甲酸酯、1,2-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氧基)-乙烷、α,α'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基氧基)-对二甲苯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基甲苯)-2,4-二氨基甲酸脂、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-六亚甲基-1,6-二氨基甲酸脂、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-苯-1,3,5-三羧酸酯、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-苯-1,3,4-三羧酸酯、1-[2-{3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氧基}丁基]-4-[3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酰氧基]2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、以及1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶醇与β,β,β',β'-四甲基-3,9-[2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺(5,5)十一烷]二乙醇的缩合物等。
作为三嗪系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可列举出羟基苯基三嗪类。
作为羟基苯基三嗪类,例如,可列举出2,4,6-三(2'-羟基-4'-辛氧基-苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2'-羟基-4'-己氧基-苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2'-羟基-4'-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2',4'-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2',4'-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2',4'-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2'-羟基-4'-丙氧基-苯基)-6-(2',4'-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4'-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2'-羟基-4'-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2',4'-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(2'-羟基-4'-异丙氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(2'-羟基-4'-正己氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、以及2,4,6-三(2'-羟基-4'-乙氧基羰基甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪等。
作为硫系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可列举出季戊四醇四(3-月桂基硫代丙酸酯)、二月桂基-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯、二肉豆蔻基-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯、以及二硬脂基-3,3'-硫代二丙酸酯等。
作为无机系热稳定剂的例,优选为金属氢氧化物,可例示出氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、三氧化锑。尤其是,LDS添加剂为酸性物质时,作为无机系热稳定剂而添加碱时,能够兼作用于使后述的LDS添加剂的色调变得均匀的碱成分。另外,这样的碱有时也作为热稳定剂而起作用。
热稳定剂的含量相对于本发明的热塑性树脂组合物100重量份优选为0.01重量份~5重量份,更优选为0.01~3重量份,进一步优选为0.01~2.5重量份,特别优选为0.03~2重量份。若热稳定剂过少,则热稳定效果有可能不充分,若热稳定剂过多,则效果有可能达到极限而经济上不利。
<光稳定剂>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物优选包含有机系和/或无机系光稳定剂,更优选包含有机系光稳定剂。
作为有机系光稳定剂,例如,可列举出二苯甲酮系化合物、水杨酸酯系化合物、苯并三唑系化合物和氰基丙烯酸酯系化合物等具有紫外线吸收效果的化合物、以及受阻胺系化合物和受阻酚系化合物等具有自由基捕捉能力的化合物等。
作为光稳定剂,通过合用具有紫外线吸收效果的化合物和具有自由基捕捉能力的化合物,能够发挥更高的稳定效果。
作为光稳定剂,可以使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为二苯甲酮系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,2'4,4'-四羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮等。
作为水杨酸酯系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸对叔丁基苯酯和水杨酸对辛基苯酯等。
作为苯并三唑系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出2-(2'-羟基-5'-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔丁基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-5'-叔辛基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-3'-叔丁基-5'-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔丁基苯基)-5-氯苯并三唑、2-(2'-羟基-3',5'-二叔氨基苯基)苯并三唑、2-{2'-羟基-3'-(3'',4'',5'',6''-四氢邻苯二甲酰亚胺甲基)-5'-甲基苯基}苯并三唑、2,2-亚甲基双{4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)苯酚}和6-(2-苯并三唑基)-4-叔辛基-6'-叔丁基-4'-甲基-2,2'-亚甲基双酚等。
作为氰基丙烯酸酯系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出2-乙基己基-2-氰基-3,3'-二苯基丙烯酸酯和乙基-2-氰基-3,3'-二苯基丙烯酸酯等。
作为受阻胺系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟基乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合物、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链状或环状缩合物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸酯、1,1'-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,3-苯二甲酰胺、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-己二胺与4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的直链状或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶与4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺与4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS注册号[136504-96-6]);1,6-己二胺与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪与N,N-二丁基胺与4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS注册号[192268-64-7]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4.5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4.5]癸烷与表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N'-双-甲酰基-N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物、2,4-双[N-(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)-N-丁基氨基]-6-(2-羟基乙基)氨基-1,3,5-三嗪、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、5-(2-乙基己酰基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮、Sanduvor(Clariant公司;CAS注册号[106917-31-1])、5-(2-乙基己酰基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮、2,4-双[(1-环己氧基-2,2,6,6-哌啶-4-基)丁基氨基]-6-氯-均三嗪与N,N'-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺)的反应产物、1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-均三嗪、1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-均三嗪、N,N',N",N″′-四-(4,6-双-(丁基-(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基)-三嗪-2-基)-4,7-二氮杂癸烷-1,10-二胺、聚[[6-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基][(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基]六亚甲基{(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)亚氨基}]等,其中可以举出双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、N,N'-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,3-苯二甲酰胺、N,N',N",N″′-四-(4,6-双-(丁基-(N-甲基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氨基)-三嗪-2-基)-4,7-二氮杂癸烷-1,10-二胺等。
作为受阻酚系化合物,没有特别限定,例如,可以举出季戊四醇-四{3-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯}、N,N-六亚甲基双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-氢化肉桂酰胺、三乙二醇-双{3-(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯}、3,9-双{2-[3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙炔氧基]-1,1-二甲基乙基}-2,4,8,10-四氧螺环[5,5]十一烷、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苄基膦酸酯-二乙基酯、1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰酸酯等。
光稳定剂的含量相对于本发明的热塑性树脂组合物100重量份优选为0.01重量份~5重量份,更优选为0.01~3重量份,进一步优选为0.03~2重量份。
<碱>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物可以包含碱。本发明中使用的LDS添加剂为酸性物质(例如,pH6以下)时,由于组合而自身还原,由此有时色调变成斑点图案,但是通过添加碱,能够使所得到的树脂成型品的色调更均匀。对碱的种类没有特别规定,能够使用氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁等。碱可以仅使用1种,也可以合用2种以上。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物中的碱的配混量还依赖于LDS添加剂的种类和碱的种类,优选为LDS添加剂的配混量的0.01~10重量%,更优选为0.05~5重量%。
<脱模剂>
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物可以包含脱模剂。
作为脱模剂,例如,可列举出脂肪族羧酸、脂肪族羧酸与醇的酯、数均分子量为200~15,000的脂肪族烃化合物、聚硅氧烷系硅油等。
作为脂肪族羧酸,例如,可列举出饱和或不饱和的脂肪族一元、二元或三元羧酸。此处脂肪族羧酸还包含脂环式的羧酸。这些之中优选的脂肪族羧酸是碳数6~36的一元或二元羧酸,进一步优选碳数6~36的脂肪族饱和一元羧酸。作为所述脂肪族羧酸的具体例子,可列举出棕榈酸、硬脂酸、己酸、癸酸、月桂酸、花生酸、山萮酸、二十四酸、蜡酸、蜂花酸、三十四烷酸、褐煤酸、己二酸、壬二酸等。
作为脂肪族羧酸与醇的酯中的脂肪族羧酸,例如,可以使用与前述脂肪族羧酸相同的物质。另一方面,作为醇,例如,可列举出饱和或不饱和的一元或多元醇。这些醇可以具有氟原子、芳基等取代基。这些之中,优选碳数为30以下的一元或多元的饱和醇,进一步优选碳数为30以下的脂肪族或脂环式饱和一元醇或脂肪族饱和多元醇。
作为所述醇的具体例子,可列举出辛醇、癸醇、十二醇、硬脂醇、山萮醇、乙二醇、二乙二醇、甘油、季戊四醇、2,2-二羟基全氟丙醇、新戊二醇、双三羟甲基丙烷、二季戊四醇等。
作为脂肪族羧酸与醇的酯的具体例子,可列举出蜂蜡(以十六酸蜂花酯作为主要成分的混合物)、硬脂酸硬脂酯、山萮酸山萮酯、山萮酸硬脂酯、甘油单棕榈酸酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、甘油二硬脂酸酯、甘油三硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇单棕榈酸酯、季戊四醇单硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇二硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇三硬脂酸酯、季戊四醇四硬脂酸酯等。
作为数均分子量为200~15,000的脂肪族烃,例如,可列举出液体石蜡、石蜡、微晶蜡、聚乙烯蜡、费托蜡、碳数为3~12的α-烯烃低聚物等。需要说明的是,此处作为脂肪族烃,还包含脂环式烃。另外,脂肪族烃的数均分子量优选为5,000以下。
这些之中,优选石蜡、聚乙烯蜡或聚乙烯蜡的部分氧化物,进一步优选石蜡、聚乙烯蜡。
脱模剂的含量相对于热塑性树脂和玻璃填料的合计100重量份优选为0.001~2重量,更优选为0.01~1重量份。脱模剂的含量小于前述范围的下限值时,脱模性的效果有时不充分,脱模剂的含量超过前述范围的上限值时,有可能发生耐水解性的降低、注射成型时的模具污染等。
<热塑性树脂组合物的制造方法>
作为本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的制造方法,采用任意的方法。
例如,可列举出下述方法:使用V型混合器等混合设备将热塑性树脂、玻璃填料、LDS添加剂等混合,制备汇总混合品后,用带排气孔的挤出机熔融混炼而粒料化。或者,作为二阶段混炼法,可列举出下述方法:预先将玻璃填料以外的成分等充分混合后,用带排气孔的挤出机熔融混炼而制造粒料后,将该粒料与玻璃填料混合,然后用带排气孔的挤出机熔融混炼。
此外,还可列举出下述方法:预先制备用V型混合器等将玻璃填料以外的成分等充分混合而成的物质,利用带排气孔的双螺杆挤出机的第一斜槽对其进行供给,玻璃填料利用挤出机途中的第二斜槽进行供给并熔融混炼而粒料化。
挤出机的混炼区的螺杆构成优选为将促进混炼的元件配置于上游侧,将具有升压能力的元件配置于下游侧。
作为促进混炼的元件,可列举出正向捏合盘元件、正交捏合盘元件、宽捏合盘元件以及正向混合螺杆元件等。
熔融混炼时的加热温度通常可以从180~360℃的范围适宜选择。若温度过高,则容易产生分解气体,有时会引起不透明化。因此,期望考虑剪切热等来选择螺杆构成。为了抑制混炼时及后工序的成型时的分解,期望使用抗氧化剂、热稳定剂。
对树脂成型品的制造方法没有特别限定,能够任意采用对于热塑性树脂组合物而言通常所采用的成型法。若举出其例,可列举出注射成型法、超高速注射成型法、注射压缩成型法、双色成型法、气体辅助等的中空成型法、使用绝热模具的成型法、使用快速加热模具的成型法、发泡成型(还包括超临界流体)、嵌入成型、IMC(模内涂布成型)成型法、挤出成型法、片状成型法、热成型法、旋转成型法、层积成型法、压制成型法、吹塑成型法等。另外,还可以利用使用了热流道方式的成型法。
接着,根据图1对在将本发明的热塑性树脂组合物成型得到的树脂成型品的表面设置镀层的工序进行说明。图1是示出利用激光直接成型技术在树脂成型品1的表面形成镀层的工序的示意图。图1中,树脂成型品1是平坦的基板,但未必需要为平坦的基板,也可以是一部分或全部为曲面的树脂成型品。另外,树脂成型品不限于最终制品,还包括各种部件。
在返回到图1,对树脂成型品1照射激光2。此处的激光没有特别限定,能够从YAG激光、准分子激光、电磁辐射等公知的激光中适宜选择,优选为YGA激光。另外,激光的波长也没有特别限定。优选的波段为200nm~1200nm。特别优选为800~1200nm。
若照射激光,则仅被照射激光的部分3的树脂成型品1被活化。在该活化的状态下,将树脂成型品1适用于镀覆液4。作为镀覆液4,没有特别限定,可以广泛采用公知的镀覆液,作为金属成分,优选为包含铜、镍、银、金以及钯中的至少1种以上的镀覆液(尤其是无电解的镀覆液),更优选为包含铜、镍、银以及金中的至少1种以上的镀覆液(尤其是无电解的镀覆液),进一步优选为包含铜的镀覆液(尤其是无电解的镀覆液)。即,本发明中的镀层的金属成分优选包含上述金属中的至少1种。
关于将树脂成型品1适用于镀覆液4的方法,也没有特别限定,例如,可列举出将树脂成型品1投入配混了镀覆液的液体中的方法。适用了镀覆液后的树脂成型品仅在激光照射的部分形成镀层5。
在本发明的方法中,能够形成1mm以下、进而150μm以下的宽度的电路间隔(对下限值没有特别限定,例如,为30μm以上)。关于镀层,为了抑制所形成的电路的腐蚀、劣化,例如,也可以在实施无电解镀覆后进一步用镍、金进行保护。另外,还可以同样地在无电解镀覆后使用电解镀覆以短时间形成所需的膜厚。
由本发明的热塑性树脂组合物得到的成型品例如可以用于连接器、开关、继电器、导电电路等电子部件;灯反射器等反射板;齿轮、凸轮等之类的滑动部件;进气歧管等汽车部件;水槽(sink)等用水部件;各种装饰部件;或膜、片、纤维等各种用途中。
本发明的热塑性树脂组合物因成型方法而异,能够获得白色度高、反射率优异的成型品。由本发明的热塑性树脂组合物得到的成型品的白色度(hunter式)通常为92以上、优选为94以上。另外,由本发明的热塑性树脂组合物得到的成型品的耐热性优异,并且在实际使用环境下的光稳定性优异。因此,由本发明的热塑性树脂组合物得到的成型品作为具有反射光的功能的部件、尤其是作为LED装置部件、优选作为LED的反射板或导电电路而起作用。镀层可以仅为1层,也可以为多层结构。
除此之外,能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内参考日本特开2011-219620号公报、日本特开2011-195820号公报、日本特开2011-178873号公报、日本特开2011-168705号公报、日本特开2011-148267号公报的记载。
实施例
以下,举出实施例来更具体地说明本发明。以下的实施例所示的材料、用量、比例、处理内容、处理步骤等只要不脱离本发明的主旨则能够适宜变更。因此,本发明的范围不限定于以下所示的具体例。
<制造例1>
(聚酰胺(PAP10)的合成)
在具备搅拌机、分凝器、冷却器、温度计、滴加装置以及氮气导入管、线料模头的内容积为50升的反应容器中,称量并投入经精密称量的癸二酸(伊藤制油株式会社制、制品名Sebacic acid TA)8950g(44.25mol)、次亚磷酸钙12.54g(0.074mol)、乙酸钠6.45g(0.079mol)。对反应容器内充分进行氮气置换后,用氮气加压至0.4MPa,一边搅拌一边从20℃升温至190℃,用55分钟将癸二酸均匀熔融。接着,用110分钟在搅拌下滴加对苯二甲胺(三菱瓦斯化学株式会社制)5960g(43.76mol)。这期间,反应容器的内部温度连续地上升至293℃。滴加工序中将压力控制为0.42MPa,生成水通过分凝器和冷却器排出至体系外。将分凝器的温度控制在145~147℃的范围。对苯二甲胺滴加终止后,以0.42MPa的反应容器内部压力继续进行20分钟缩聚反应。这期间,反应容器内部温度上升至296℃。其后,用30分钟将反应容器内部压力从0.42MPa减压至0.12MPa。这期间内部温度上升至298℃。其后,以0.002MPa/分钟的速度减压,用20分钟减压至0.08MPa,调整分子量为1,000以下的成分量。减压完成时的反应容器内的温度为301℃。其后,用氮气将体系内加压,以反应容器内部温度301℃、树脂温度301℃将聚合物以线料状从线料模头取出,并用20℃的冷却水冷却,将其制成粒料,得到约13kg的聚酰胺树脂。需要说明的是,冷却水中的冷却时间设为5秒,线料的牵引速度设为100m/分钟。以下,称为“PAP10”。熔点为290℃。
<制造例2>
(聚酰胺(PAMP6)的合成)
将己二酸在氮气气氛下的反应罐内加热熔解后,一边搅拌内容物,一边在加压(0.35Mpa)下以二胺与己二酸(Rhodia公司制)的摩尔比为约1:1的方式缓慢地滴加对苯二甲胺(三菱瓦斯化学株式会社制)与间苯二甲胺(三菱瓦斯化学株式会社制)的摩尔比为3:7的混合二胺,同时使温度上升至270℃。滴加终止后,减压至0.06MPa并继续进行10分钟反应,调整分子量为1,000以下的成分量。其后,将内容物以线料状取出,用造粒机制成粒料,得到聚酰胺。以下,称为“PAMP6”。熔点为257℃。
聚酰胺树脂、聚己二酰间苯二甲胺:三菱瓦斯化学株式会社制、商品名“MX Nylon S6007”、熔点240℃。以下,将该聚酰胺树脂称为“PAMXD”。
<玻璃填料>
GF(纤维状):日本电气硝子株式会社制、03T-296GH、E玻璃
玻璃鳞片:日本板硝子株式会社制、REG302、E玻璃
玻璃珠:Potters Ballotini Co.Ltd、EGB731A-PN、E玻璃
<LSD添加剂>
(1)Black1G:CuCr2O4(Shephred color company制)、反射率7.2%
(2)Lazerflair8840:Cu3(PO4)2Cu(OH)2(Merck公司制)、反射率69.4%
(3)Lazerflair820:涂覆有包含(Sb/Sn)O2(36~50重量%)的组合物的、云母+SiO2(合计35~53重量%)和TiO2(11~15重量%)混合物(Merck公司制)、反射率56.9%
(4)W-1:涂覆有包含SnO2(18重量%)和Sb2O5(3重量%)的组合物的TiO2(79重量%)(Mitsubishi Materials Corporation制)、反射率83%
(5)Minatec40CM:涂覆有包含(Sb/Sn)O2(43重量%)的组合物的、云母+SiO2(合计57重量%)(Merck公司制)、反射率51.1%
(6)STANOSTAT CP5C:STANOSTAT:包含SnO2和Sb2O5的组合物(Keeling&Walker公司制)、反射率61.7%
上述反射率是将LDS添加剂的粉末装入约100μm厚的聚乙烯制袋子,使用可见紫外分光器、岛津制作所制、UV-3100PC测定的。
<氧化钛>
二氧化钛:CR-63(石原产业株式会社制)、金红石型、平均粒径0.21μm
<滑石>
滑石:林化成株式会社制、Micron White5000S
<热稳定剂>
Irganox1098:BASF Corporation制
<光稳定剂>
Nylostab S-EED、Clariant Japan公司制
<碱>
Ca(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
<脱模剂>
405MP:三井化学株式会社制(聚乙烯蜡)
<混合>
以形成后述的下述表中所示的组成的方式分别称量各成分,利用滚筒混合除玻璃填料以外的成分,从双螺杆挤出机(东芝机械公司制、TEM26SS)的根部投入,熔融后,侧进料玻璃填料而制作树脂粒料。挤出机的温度设定一律设为相同温度,根据树脂的种类来变更设定。PAMP6和PAMXD6以280℃实施,PAP10以300℃实施。
<镀覆(plating)外观>
作为模具,从一边为60mm且厚度为1.5mm的扇状浇口向60×60mm且厚度为2mm的模腔内填充树脂,进行成型。切去浇口部分,得到镀覆试验片。
在所得到的镀覆试验片的10×10mm的范围内,使用SUNX株式会社制造的LP-Z SERIES的激光照射装置(波长1064nm的YAG激光最大输出功率为13W),以输出功率80%、脉冲周期20μs(微秒)、速度4m/s进行照射。之后的镀覆工序利用无电解的MacDermid公司制造的MIDCopper100XB Strike,用60℃的镀槽实施。镀覆性能是利用目视判断20分钟内所镀覆的铜的厚度。
如下进行评价。将结果示于下表。
◎:非常良好的外观(确认到铜的颜色深、镀层较厚地附着的样子)
○:良好的外观
△:镀层附着,但略薄的样子(实用水平)
×:镀层完全不附着的样子[0090]
<反射率(450nm)>
通过注射成型制作60mm×60mm×2mmt的试验片。使用可见紫外分光器、岛津制作所制、UV-3100PC测定波长450nm下的反射率。450nm为蓝色发光二极管的波长区域。成型品的初始反射率为50%以上时,判断为良好的反射率,可以判断其能够在要求反射率的用途中使用。
<热熟化后的反射率>
通过注射成型制作60mm×60mm×2mmt的试验片。将上述试验片以170℃在热风烘箱中保持100小时,实施热老化试验。所述试验后,与上述同样地测定反射率。该反射率为30%以上时,可以期待长期的使用。
<耐焊接热性能>
制作上述镀覆试验片(0.8mmt)的试验片,使用240℃的焊浴,将试验片浸渍1分钟,通过目视确认变形的程度。如下进行评价。
○:即使浸渍1分钟也没有变形,为良好的外观
△:在1分钟以内可观察到试验片的角略微变形
×:在1分钟以内可观察到试验片确实变形
[表1]
[表2]
[表3]
由上述结果可以明确,本发明的热塑性树脂组合物的镀覆外观、反射率、热熟化后的反射率以及耐焊接热性能均优异(实施例1~19)。尤其是可知,通过使用包含锑和锡的LDS添加剂作为LDS添加剂,反射率进一步提高(实施例1~6、8~21)。
Claims (25)
1.一种热塑性树脂组合物,其中,相对于(A)通过差示扫描量热测定(DSC)以10℃/分钟的升温速度测定的熔点为250℃以上的结晶性热塑性树脂100重量份,包含(B)玻璃填料10~80重量份、(C)波长450nm下的反射率为25%以上的激光直接成型添加剂1~30重量份、以及(D)氧化钛20~150重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(A)结晶性热塑性树脂为聚酰胺树脂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和锡。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和锡、且锡的含量比锑多。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂包含锑和氧化锡,且锡的含量比锑多。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,(C)激光直接成型添加剂以波长450nm下的反射率为50%以上的组合物为中心部,且在中心部的表面的一部分或全部涂覆有包含锑和锡且锡的含量比锑多的组合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,所述中心部的组合物包含金属氧化物。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为1~20重量份的比例包含滑石。
9.根据权利要求1~8中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(D)氧化钛的平均一次粒径为1μm以下。
10.根据权利要求1~9中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(D)氧化钛为金红石型。
11.根据权利要求1~10中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(B)玻璃填料为选自短切纤维、研磨纤维、鳞片、珠以及空心微球中的至少1种。
12.根据权利要求1~11中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(B)玻璃填料为E玻璃。
13.根据权利要求1~12中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为0.01~5重量份的比例包含有机系或/和无机系热稳定剂。
14.根据权利要求13所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其特征在于,所述有机系或/和无机系热稳定剂基本上不含铜元素。
15.根据权利要求1~14中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,还以相对于热塑性树脂组合物100重量份为0.01~5重量份的比例包含有机系或/和无机系光稳定剂。
16.根据权利要求1~15中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物,其中,(A)结晶性热塑性树脂是分子内包含芳香环、且构成芳香环的碳原子在聚酰胺树脂分子中所占的比例为30摩尔%以上的聚酰胺树脂。
17.一种树脂成型品,其是将权利要求1~16中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型而成的。
18.根据权利要求17所述的树脂成型品,其还在表面具有镀层。
19.根据权利要求17或18所述的树脂成型品,其为发光二极管装置部件。
20.根据权利要求19所述的树脂成型品,其中,所述发光二极管装置部件具有作为反射板的功能。
21.根据权利要求18或19所述的树脂成型品,其中,所述镀层具有作为导电电路的性能。
22.一种带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其包括:对将权利要求1~16中任一项所述的热塑性树脂组合物成型而成的树脂成型品的表面照射激光后,利用金属形成镀层。
23.根据权利要求22所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其中,所述镀层包含铜、镍、银以及金中的至少1种。
24.根据权利要求23所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法,其中,所述镀层以多层结构使用。
25.一种具有导电电路的发光二极管装置部件的制造方法,其包括权利要求22~24中任一项所述的带镀层的树脂成型品的制造方法。
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US9365693B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
JPWO2013141157A1 (ja) | 2015-08-03 |
EP2711399B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
EP2711399A1 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
US20140147682A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
EP2711399A4 (en) | 2014-04-16 |
WO2013141157A1 (ja) | 2013-09-26 |
JP5340513B1 (ja) | 2013-11-13 |
CN103597037B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
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