CN103582646A - 一种抗病毒药剂 - Google Patents
一种抗病毒药剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103582646A CN103582646A CN201180069029.XA CN201180069029A CN103582646A CN 103582646 A CN103582646 A CN 103582646A CN 201180069029 A CN201180069029 A CN 201180069029A CN 103582646 A CN103582646 A CN 103582646A
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Abstract
本发明提出了二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸或其盐、肌苷和由钯、铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸形成的配位化合物的组合;基于所述组合的药物组合物和抗病毒药剂,以及治疗病毒性疾病的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物无机化学和医药,具体涉及制备抗病毒的药物制剂,并且可以在医学和兽医领域用于治疗病毒性疾病。
背景技术
干扰素、亮氨酸及核苷常用于治疗病毒性疾病。这样的治疗对于急性病症是有效的,然而对慢性疾病却往往不足。
干扰素治疗伴有各种副作用的产生。该治疗中最常见的负作用包括类流感综合症、胃肠功能障碍和精神障碍症、骨髓抑制症状、甲状腺和副甲状腺功能紊乱症。许多干扰素的不良反应是广泛用于治疗病毒性疾病的合成改性核苷类似物(三唑核苷、阿糖腺苷、Ribomidil等)所致。
上述治疗并发症见于10-40%的慢性肝炎临床病例中,因此即使在专业住院条件下,该治疗也被认为有发生所述并发症的足够有害的风险,并且当前缺乏有效的、低毒性的治疗手段,尤其是对于慢性病毒性肝炎的治疗,因此当代药学和医学的迫切任务之一是实现这些治疗。
在RU2153350、RU2153351中公开了加强次黄嘌呤核苷抗病毒活性的药学方案,其优选利用顺铂和氧化型谷胱甘肽的配位化合物。然而顺铂仍是铂(Pt)的络合物,利用这种络合物伴随有毒性作用和诱变作用的风险,所以含有它的药剂的应用受限。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制备在疾病慢性期有效且副作用很小的广谱抗病毒药剂。
该目的是通过提出二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸或其盐、肌苷和由钯、铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸形成的配位化合物的组合来实现的。上述组合还称为“本发明的药剂”。
该组合中的二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸优选以二钠盐的形式提供。
合适的是,二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比范围为100-10,000:100-10,000:1-10:1-10,例如1000:1000:1:1。
合适的是,选择顺式-二氨基二氯钯作为钯源,并选择二氯化铜作为铜源。
在本发明一个实施方案中,所述组合可以含有原位制备的基于顺-二氨基二氯钯、二氯化铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸的催化剂。
在一个可供选择的实施方案中,这样的催化剂可以预先制备。
所提供的组合具有抗病毒活性,其可用于治疗感染性疾病,尤其是治疗病毒性疾病。
还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含所述组合和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
该药物组合物具有抗病毒活性,其他可用于治疗感染性疾病,尤其是治疗病毒性疾病。
还提供了一种抗病毒药剂,其包含所述组合在乙酸缓冲液中的溶液。
合适的是,在所述药剂中,二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比范围为100-10,000:100-10,000:1-10:1-10,例如1000:1000:1:1。
该药剂可用于治疗选自下组的病毒:流感病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、里夫特山谷热病毒和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎病毒。
还提供了在需要治疗的患者中治疗病毒性疾病的方法,其中,对患者施用有效量的所述组合、组合物或药剂。病毒性疾病可选自下组:流感、丙型肝炎、乙型肝炎、蜱传脑炎、里夫特山谷热和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎。
附图说明
图1所示为一次性施用本发明药剂后在试验动物血清中IFN-α动力学变化的典型曲线。Y轴表示血清中的IFN-α水平(单位/毫升)。星号表示相比对照在p<0.05时的统计上可靠的差异。
发明详述
本发明药剂表现出抗病毒作用,还表现出干扰素产生作用。
肌苷是1,9-二氢-9-β-D-呋喃核糖-6H-嘌呤-6-酮(呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤)。
肌苷是同化剂、代谢过程刺激剂、ATP前体。其改善能量平衡、改善冠状血液循环和心肌内的代谢过程。其具有抗缺氧的功效。其用于IHD(心肌梗塞、心绞痛)、心肌病、心律紊乱、心肌炎、心肌营养不良、肝病(肝炎、肝硬化、肝脂肪营养不良)、胃及十二指肠溃疡、开角型青光眼。
谷胱甘肽、γ-谷氨酰-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸是由三个氨基酸(谷氨酸、半胱氨酸和甘氨酸)残基形成的三肽。
谷胱甘肽存在于所有有生命的生物体中,并且由于半胱氨酸的巯基(SH-)能进入下列可逆反应,其对氧化还原反应有重要的意义:
本文中,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)表示(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸。氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)表示二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸。
如无另外说明,本文中谷胱甘肽是指还原型谷胱甘肽。
谷胱甘肽能够与阳离子特别是钠形成盐。
本发明的组合包含d-金属。d-金属即钯和铜的来源,可为其各种盐,其在溶解在水中时形成络合物。特别是,当将简单的铜(II)盐如CuCl2或CuBr2加入到水溶液中时,产生其阳离子,随后其发生水解并且在溶液中形成铜(II)的寡核水羟基(aquahydroxy)-络合物。钯也可以以其适当的盐形式添加,尤其是顺式-二氨基二氯化钯。
制备本发明药剂GSSGNa2/肌苷/Pd/Cu=1000/1000/1的对应化学反应式为:
制备本发明药剂可以用几种方式实施。
制备本发明药剂的方法的一个实施方案包括,预先制备钯-铜催化剂(钯和铜以及γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸的配位化合物)(步骤1,实施例1),随后在反应物中加入所得的催化剂溶液,进行氧化,把获得的溶液与肌苷溶液混合,过滤并冷冻干燥。
在另一个实施方案的变体中提出了,原位制备钯-铜催化剂(实施例2),随后进行氧化,把获得的溶液与肌苷溶液混合,过滤并冷冻干燥。
在第三个实施方案中,提出了一个单独的变体(实施例3),引入另外的真空升华干燥(冷冻干燥)二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐(包含钯和铜的配位化合物)溶液的步骤,随后溶解所得的冻干物,与肌苷溶液混合,过滤并冷冻干燥本发明药剂的溶液。
最后一个实施方案,尽管能量和材料耗费较高,但优点是没有附带过程,确切地说是没有肌苷氧化的过程。
在催化氧化硫醇RSH的情况下,铂的最重要的功能是形成配位化合物—将硫醇盐离子RS-加至钯离子的产物,随后把它氧化并断开该配位多面体。
采用铜-钯催化剂的催化体系的实验研究表明,其与钯(II)的双核硫醇桥接化合物相比具有相当良好的催化效果。与含有铜的硫醇络合物CuI k(SR)m的氧化的谷胱甘肽GSSG的水溶液不同,含有Pd-Cu催化剂的水溶液,根据1HAMP、NR光谱和HPLC,对分解过程是抗性的。
研究表明,在Pd-Cu催化剂中,Pd:Cu比例范围优选为1:0.2至1:2。
对于GSH到GSSG的选择性轻微氧化过程,可以推论,钯(II)的双核硫醇桥接络合物实现了氧化催化剂的主要功能,而铜(I)的硫醇络合物应当视为改变其催化活性,或者说控制其催化活性的化学位点。
这样,功能双核钯配位化合物例如式[Pd2 II(μ-SR)2(NH3)4],与带有{CuI k(SR)m}形式(由铜盐CuX2(其中X=Cl-或者Br-)形成)控制位点的谷胱甘肽的二合桥接配位体的结合,在硫醇环境中转变成铜(I)化合物的对应硫醇衍生物,从而公开了基于钯PdII和CuI的络合物控制催化体系活性的最有效的途径之一。
形成包含可比较量Cu、Pd和GSH的络合物,提供了所述组合的生物效力。
为制备本发明的药物组合物使用药学上可接受的赋形剂。具体地,所述赋形剂是无机或有机载体(vehicle)。可使用乳糖、玉米淀粉或其衍生物、滑石、硬脂酸或其盐等等,例如作为片剂、片剂、包衣片剂、丸剂和硬质明胶胶囊的载体。软明胶胶囊的合适载体例如是植物油、蜂蜡、脂肪、半固体和液体多元醇等。制备液体和糖浆的适当载体例如是水、多元醇、蔗糖、转化糖、葡萄糖等等。栓剂的合适载体例如是天然和氢化油、蜂蜡、脂肪、半固体和液体多元醇等等。
此外,所述药物组合物可以包含防腐剂、增溶剂、稳定剂、湿润剂、乳化剂、增甜剂、着色剂、矫正剂(corrective)、调节渗透压的盐、缓冲剂、掩蔽剂或抗氧化剂以及其他适当成分。
总体上,本发明的所有产品和方法本身可以可替代性地包括,由本文公开的或者本领域技术人员从现有技术公知的任何合适的成分和步骤构成或者实质上构成,并且本发明的这些产品和方式可以另外地或可选择地排除用于现有技术公知的产物或方法,或并非实现本发明的技术结果所必须的成分或步骤或物质(object)。
具体实施方式
实施例
下面用具体实施例说明本发明。
实施例1.制备本发明药剂
步骤1.将20mg(94.6μmol)顺式-[Pd(NH3)2]冷分散进20ml蒸馏水中,将30ml GSH(97.6μmol)加入至所得的悬浮液中,然后搅拌至形成淡黄色均质溶液。
步骤2.将5ml含有14.52mg(85.2μmol)氯化铜(II)二水合物的溶液加入至上述所得的反应混合物中。用0.01M氢氧化钠溶液将所得黄绿色催化剂溶液的pH值调节至5.5-6.0。
步骤3.在玻璃杯中称重58.19g(0.189mol)GSH,在搅拌下加入50-60ml蒸馏水,冷却至10-15℃。另外将7.57g NaOH(0.189mol)单独溶解于50-60ml蒸馏水中,将所得溶液在强搅拌下加入到GSH悬浮液中,并且不允许反应物加热到15-20℃以上,继续搅拌到形成透明的均质溶液。如需要,用0.01M氢氧化钠溶液将反应混合物的pH值调节为5.5-6.0。将此前制备的催化剂溶液加入至所得反应体系中,将玻璃杯移到冰浴(5-10℃)中,并且以不大的份额,在强搅拌下于45-60分钟内添加100-102ml(~0.1mol)新制备的1M过氧化氢溶液。用HPLC检查反应是否进行完全。
单独在150ml热蒸馏水(60-70℃)中溶解25.38g(0.095mol)呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤(肌苷)。完全溶解后,将溶液冷却到室温,然后加入到反应混合物中。灭菌过滤后,冷冻所述溶液并且进行真空升华(冷冻)干燥。
在所得制剂中GSSG-肌苷-钯-铜的摩尔比例为1000-100-1-0.9。
实施例2.制备本发明的药剂
将330g(1.074mol)还原型谷胱甘肽悬浮于3100ml水中。将42.96g(1.074mol)氢氧化钠以16%的水溶液形式,在不断搅拌和冷却下加入至所得的悬浮液。在所得的溶液中加入0.1135g(0.537mmol)顺-二氨基二氯化钯和0.0915g(0.537mmol)二水合氯化铜,并且在充分搅拌下添加304.5g6%的过氧化氢溶液,控制温度(不要超过15℃)。添加过氧化氢后,所得的溶液在室温下静置1.5小时。将溶解在少量水中的144g(0.537mol)肌苷加入到所得的氧化型谷胱甘肽溶液中,用0.22μ过滤器过滤,然后冷冻干燥。呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤-二钠双-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸:顺-二氨基二氯化化钯:二氯化铜(比例为1000:1:1)的产率为99%。
实施例3.制备本发明药剂
步骤1
将330g(1.074mol)还原型谷胱甘肽悬浮于3100ml水中。将42.96g(1.074mol)氢氧化钠以16%的水溶液形式,加入至所得的悬浮液。冷却反应物后添加0.1135g(0.537mmol)顺-二氨基二氯化钯和0.0915g(0.537mmol)二水合氯化铜。在所得的溶液中添加304.5g6%的过氧化氢溶液(0.537mol)。控制温度(不要超过15℃)。所得的溶液在室温下静置1.5小时。用0.22μ过滤器过滤,然后冷冻干燥。得到365g二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐(含水量4%,Pd-57mg,Cu-34mg)。
步骤2
将上一步骤冷冻干燥的二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐溶解到少量的水中,然后添加到肌苷(144g,0.537mol)水溶液中。将所得的溶液用0.22μ过滤器过滤然后冷冻干燥。该两个步骤的产率为98%。
实施例4.制备本发明的药剂剂型
在容量为1L的制备溶液的容器中的0.8L注射用水中添加13.6g三水合乙酸钠和60g本发明的药剂物质,并且搅拌至溶解,随后使总容积达到1.0L。用PH计测定pH值,并加入20%的乙酸使酸碱度达到pH为6.0±0.2。用孔度为0.22μ的无菌过滤器进行灭菌过滤,然后分装至玻璃安瓿(1ml-1安瓿)。结果得到970安瓿(剔除损耗),含有静脉注射或者肌肉注射用的组合物,其符合规格标准记录3年,并且具有以下成分:
本发明的药剂 60g
三水合乙酸钠 13.6g
乙酸 至pH6.0
水 至1000ml
实施例5.本发明药剂在活体中治疗致病性DNA和RNA病毒引起的疾病的治疗作用
肌苷的特点是有广谱的药学活性,包括抗病毒作用,这可以通过将其与其他生物活性分子组合来增强。在RU2153350、RU2153351专利中公开了发挥次黄嘌呤核苷抗病毒活性的药学方案,其优选利用顺铂和氧化型谷胱甘肽的配位化合物。由于顺铂和氧化型谷胱甘肽的配位化合物催化目标物氧化改性反应的络合物的能力实现了所述效果的发挥,从而提高了其对肌苷作用的敏感度。如果说发挥肌苷抗病毒效果的机制与配位化合物的催化活性相关联,那么本发明的药剂与顺铂和氧化型谷胱甘肽的配位化合物相比,由于其组成包括催化活性更高的配位化合物而应该表现出类似且更明显的效果。
本研究的目是确定本发明的药剂在治疗各种病毒感染时的疗效。
测试的化合物
呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤钠-二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸:顺-二氨基二氯化钯:二氯化铜(比例为1000:1:1)(本发明药剂)
呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤钠二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸:顺-二氨基二氯化钯(参照1)
阿比朵尔药用形式,系列号970609(参照2)
试验模型
-委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒(Venezuelan equine encephalitis,VEE)-特拉尼达致病系。随后感染试验动物的含病毒材料用30-50个发育9-11天的鸡胚胎进行累积。一开始准备5次连续十倍稀释的含病毒悬浮液。将各0.2ml每次稀释的含病毒悬浮液引入发育中的鸡胚胎的尿囊腔内。用熔化的蜡密封注射含病毒悬浮液的位点。然后把发育中的鸡胚胎在恒温箱内于(37℃±0.5)的温度放置18小时,用检卵器定期评估其生命力。在恒温箱内孵化期满后,评估发育的鸡胚胎的生命力,并且用添加抗生素(青霉素按每1ml100单位,链霉素按每1ml200单位)的生理盐水从活的胚胎尸体(carcasses)内制备10%含病毒材料的悬浮液。所得的悬浮液按每分钟1.5-2.0千转的转速于零上(3±0.5)℃的温度离心。将上清液分装在容积为1.0ml的小瓶中,并且用于随后感染受试活小鼠。病毒的初始滴度为107-108LD50(半数致死量)/ml。
-山谷热线(Rift Valley fever,RVF)病毒,8-87致病毒株。感染受试活动物的含病毒材料用10-15只3-5日龄的小鼠乳仔进行累积。首先准备五次连续十倍稀释的含病毒材料。将0.02ml的每次稀释溶液注入小鼠乳仔的脑中,将其安置观察24-48小时,结束时通过注射乙醚处死该动物。抽出大脑,然后将其各自三个样本存放在青霉素小瓶中,将小瓶存放在冷冻室中,温度为零下(20±5)℃。以后,10%的脑悬浮液用作含病毒材料。病毒的初始滴度为105-106LD50/ml。
蜱传脑炎(tick-borne encephalitis,TE)病毒,阿布琴塔罗夫致病系。在小鼠乳仔中累积用于感染受试活动物的含病毒材料。首先准备5次连续十倍稀释的含病毒材料,所述含病毒材料包括10%的以前感染的小鼠脑悬浮液离心物或者由冷冻干燥状态再次水合的含病毒材料。将0.02ml的每次稀释溶液注入小鼠乳仔脑中,将其安置观察24-48小时,结束时用乙醚处死动物。抽出大脑然后将其以三个样本存放在青霉素小瓶中,把小瓶存放在冷冻室中,温度为零下(20±5)℃。随后,将10%的脑悬浮液用作含病毒材料。病毒的初始滴度为102-103LD50/ml。
甲型流感病毒(influenza A virus)致病毒株A/Aichi/02/68(H3N2)。感染受试活动物的含病毒材料用发育9-11天的鸡胚胎进行累积。随后用感染含病毒的尿囊流质的5只小鼠累积感染受试动物用的含病毒材料,所述病毒含有致病毒株A/Aichi/02/68(H3N2)。在感染三天后分离其肺部,在10倍容积的消毒生理盐水中均质化,然后在另外的试验中按对动物的致死率借助于滴定确定所述均质病毒的感染活性。病毒的滴度按丽达和门恩卡(Reed and Muench)的方法计算(Am.Hyg.,1938,27:493-497)。
本发明的药剂效果评估的研究在体重为16-18g的无近亲繁殖的雄性白色小鼠(360只)中进行。
优选的是,在白色无近亲繁殖的小鼠确定每一致病物的LD50/ml,其标准按阿施玛林和沃波布耶夫(I.P.Ashmarin and A.A.Vorob'yev)改进的科尔别尔(Kerber)的方法计算。
所研究的制剂的效果通过试验(被施用相关制剂)组与对照组中动物表现的成活率数值来确定。试验组和对照组的成活动物的百分比按照格列斯的表确定。观察感染的动物,持续21天,并且每天记录在试验组和对照组中成活和死亡动物的数量。
统计处理方法
试验结果的统计处理在PC机上进行,用专门的程序实现传统的统计方法。
本发明的药剂的抗病毒活性研究结果
在特别有害的病毒感染(EDVI)和流感的所有实验模型中,按照两个方案,在使用本发明的药剂和对比制剂的情况下,评估它们的效果:
-感染前24小时、与感染同时、感染24小时、48小时和72小时后(1号方案-紧急预防)
-感染的同时、感染24小时、48小时和72小时后(2号方案-早期病因治疗)。
本发明的药剂和参照1药剂以0.5ml容积皮下给药,一次剂量为30mg/kg重量(10μg/小鼠)。
作为参照制剂在治疗流感感染的情况下使用阿比朵尔制药规范,序列号为970609,其在感染后1小时给药,此后五天每天给药一次,剂量为60mg/kg。
本发明的药剂对委内瑞拉马脑炎的效果
研究的结果列于表1中
表1.本发明的药剂作为对委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒感染的紧急预防和病因治疗的效果。
表1中所示的数据表明,所评估的制剂显示对实验的VEE有保护作用。在该条件下,本发明的药剂最有效。其中,如果按照方案1(在感染前24小时、与感染同时、感染24小时、48小时和72小时后)给药,不考虑BEL病毒的感染剂量,与对照的100%死亡率向比,受感染小鼠的成活率水平为100%。然而,如果按照方案2(与感染同时、感染24小时、48小时和72小时后)给药,在此条件下,取决于致病生物体的感染剂量,保护效果为(感染时,病原体用剂量为12个半数致死量)100%水准和(感染时,病原体用剂量为12个半数致死量)100%。在参照1给药的情况下,保护指数比使用本发明的药剂低40-60%。
从而,在该研究的基础上可以得出结论,在受评估的制剂中本发明的药剂表明对试验VEL感染最有效。按照紧急预防方案给药时,与对照的100%死亡率相比,本发明的药剂对受感染动物提供了100%的保护。
在用里夫特山谷热进行试验病毒感染的情况下,本发明药剂的效
果
研究的结果列于表2中
表2.本发明药剂作为紧急预防和病因治疗试验里夫特山谷热病毒感染的制剂的效果。
表2中所示的数据表明,当使用本发明的药剂时,获得了有关RVF的最佳保护效果和治疗效果。与对照中100%的致死率相比,不管给药方案如何,所述制剂对感染的小鼠提供了100%的保护。参照1在这些条件下的效果非常低。
在用实验蜱传脑炎进行的试验病毒感染的情况下本发明药剂的
效果
研究的结果列于表3中
表3.本发明的药剂作为即时预防和病因治疗试验蜱传脑炎病毒感染的制剂的效果。
表3中所示的数据表明,当用于以2个LD50剂量的致病物感染的动物中时,所有受评估的制剂都显现几乎一致的保护效果,与对照的100%死亡率相比,制剂所提供的感染小鼠的存活率为80-100%。与此同时,如果用于以12个LD50剂量的致病物感染的动物中时,在该条件下,本发明的药剂表现出更加明显的作用。
在用流感(A/Aichi/02/68致病毒株)进行的试验病毒感染情况下
本发明药剂的效果
研究的结果列于表4中
表4.本发明的药剂作为紧急预防和病因治疗试验病毒流感感染的制剂的效果(A/Aichi/02/68致病毒株)。
得到的结果表明,对于鼻内感染流感病毒毒株A/Aichi/02/68(H3N2)的白小鼠流感感染,本发明的药剂表现出高于阿尔比特高的特异活性。
结论
以上研究的总结果可以得出如下结论,即本发明的药剂对DNA和RNA病毒引起的各种病毒性疾病,有预防和治疗的特点。
实施例6.测定本发明的药剂诱发干扰素产生的能力
本发明的药剂DNA和RNA病毒引起的各种病毒性疾病的治疗作用,主要应当归因于其增加干扰素内源产生的能力,干扰素是具有显著抗病毒活性的生物活性物质。
研究的目的:测定本发明的药剂促进干扰素产生的能力。
测试化合物:呋核亚硝脲-次黄嘌呤钠-二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸:顺-二氨基二氯钯:二氯化铜(比例1000:1:1)
试验方法
本发明药剂的生干扰素特性,通过在以30mg/kg剂量接受本发明药剂的试验动物血清内滴定α干扰素(INF-α)来评估,试验结果证明有效(参见例3)。以单剂量皮下给予所述制剂。对照组中小鼠用安慰剂(85%氯化钠溶液)皮下给药。注射所述制剂2、4、8、16、24、32、36、40和48小时后,在消毒的条件下从眼窝窦采集试验组(其已经接受测试制剂之一)和对照组小鼠血清。在一个样本中合并5只小鼠的血清。血清内干扰素积蓄动态的分析按标准方法学进行。为了在试验动物的血清内进行INF-α活性滴定,采用从俄罗斯科学院细胞学研究所(圣彼得堡)得到的第153代L-929细胞的培养(鼠成纤维细胞的传代培养物)。制备的取样中的INF-α滴定用微量法进行。将L929的细胞培养物,用培养基稀释到所需的浓度(3-4105个细胞/ml),将其置于96孔板的孔中,然后在恒温箱中孵育24h。在滴定的整个过程中,细胞培养物的孵育在相同的条件下进行:温度零上37℃,环境有5%CO2且湿度为98%。在所述孔的底部形成细胞单层后,从平板除去培养基,并引入维持培养基,在所述维持培养基上对测试样本(在匹配的孔中)进行连续2倍稀释。在孵育24小时后,除去测试样本,并且引入工作稀释度的EMC测试病毒(100CPD50)。24小时后,用倒置显微镜测定结果。FIN(INF-α)的滴度,与最后一次血清稀释度成反比,其中,观察到对测试病毒CPD的50%的防护。
研究结果
在一次用本发明的药剂给药后试验动物血清中INF-α变化的动力学,显示于图1中。
所得到的数据表明,在用本发明的药剂给药2小时后,血清INF-α水平开始增加5-6倍,16-24小时后达到最大值,超过背景值45-50倍,并在本发明药剂给药后48小时恢复到正常值。INF-α水平变化的动力学证实,本发明药剂具有生干扰素活性。内源性INF-α相比外源性干扰素制剂有明显的优势:当向机体内引入扰素原的情况下,产生没有表现出抗原性的干扰素;不出现外源性INF-α固有的负作用;机体内诱导的INF-α合成是平衡的且经受控制-调节机理作用(抑制-转变),这确保保护机体不出现干扰素过饱和;一次干扰素原给药提供相对长久的内源性INF-α循环。本发明的药剂的作用对应于生干扰素原的上述作用。
因此,本发明药剂的特点是增强α干扰素产生的能力。
实施例7.本发明药剂的治疗作用-在慢性丙型病毒性肝炎(CVHC)情况下的GSSGNa2/Pd/Cu
1号女性患者:48岁
诊断:CVHC,复制期(PCR HCV+-3.60×107个拷贝/ml=9.00×106IU/ml,中度活性水平。慢性自身免疫性甲状腺炎。甲状腺机能减退。
病程达20年。
既往史显示不耐受特定抗病毒治疗,包括聚乙二醇化干扰素、韦巴布林和其他抗病毒制剂、干扰素诱发剂。持续早上服用L-甲状腺素,每天一次,150mg。
抱怨虚弱无力、右肋沉重感,异味感、缺少食欲、失眠、易怒。
最近的五年,经常注意到右肋出现酸痛、虚弱、尿色定期改变
就诊后(结果见表5的第3列),用本发明药剂的药用形式在一日患者部(day-patient department)进行治疗,60mg-肌注给药,每周3次,停用两天(周六、周日)。
表5.在用本发明药剂的药用形式治疗的过程中,实验室诊断标准值变化的动力学
患者对本发明剂型的药用形式耐受良好。注射后,患者注意到精力旺盛、心情改善。治疗响应的客观判断是病毒负荷变化的动力学,其一个月降低到3分之一、其三个月降低到60分之一,而经六个月治疗后以四次指数降低。病毒负荷的下降伴有细胞溶解反应强度下降(在治疗末期,转氨酶恢复正常),恢复肝的最佳生理功能活性(血液蛋白、可观的色素和其他类代谢指标正常)。制剂的治疗效果导致血液细胞成分和凝血系统活性正常化。
观察中,肝脏超出肋缘下0.5cm。肝脏边缘柔软但不脆弱。
在治疗的具体特征中,必须注意到需要每隔两周降低L-甲状腺素的剂量。到治疗结束时,L-甲状腺素的剂量已降低二分之一。
因此,本发明剂型的药用形式的使用,使得治疗对特定抗病毒治疗药物不耐受的慢性丙型病毒性肝炎成为可能,这证明了本发明药剂的抗病毒活性。
Claims (19)
1.二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸或其盐、肌苷和由钯、铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸形成的配位化合物的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中,所述二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸为二钠盐形式。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中,所述γ-(L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比范围为100-10,000:100-10,000:1-10:1-10。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中,所述γ-(L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比为1000:1000:1:1。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中,选择顺式-二氨基二氯钯作为钯源。
6.如权利要求1所述的组合,其中,选择二氯化铜作为铜源。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合,其含有原位制备的基于顺-二氨基二氯钯、二氯化铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸的催化剂。
8.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的组合,其含有原位制备的基于顺-二氨基二氯钯、二氯化铜和(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸的催化剂。
9.如权利要求1所述的组合,其具有抗病毒活性。
10.如权利要求1所述的组合,用于治疗感染性疾病,尤其是治疗病毒性疾病。
11.药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-12中任一项所述的组合和药学上可接受的赋形剂。
12.如权利要求11所述的药物组合物,其具有抗病毒活性。
13.如权利要求12所述的药物组合物,用于治疗感染,尤其是治疗病毒性疾病。
14.抗病毒药剂,其包含权利要求1所述组合在乙酸缓冲液中的溶液。
15.如权利要求14所述的药剂,其中,所述二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比范围为100-10,000:100-10,000:1-10:1-10。
16.如权利要求15所述的药剂,其中,所述二-(γ-L-谷氨酰)-L-半胱氨酰-甘氨酸的二钠盐:肌苷:钯:铜的摩尔比为1000:1000:1:1。
17.如权利要求14所述的药剂,用于治疗选自下组的病毒:流感病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、乙型肝炎病毒、蜱传脑炎病毒、里夫特山谷热病毒和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎病毒。
18.在需要治疗的患者中治疗病毒性疾病的方法,其中,对患者中施用有效量的权利要求1-10中任一项所述的组合、权利要求11-13中任一项所述的组合物或者权利要求14-17中任一项所述的药剂。
19.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述病毒性疾病选自下组:流感、丙型肝炎、乙型肝炎、蜱传脑炎、里夫特山谷热和委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎。
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